Calum MacNeil, Freshwater Biologist and Environmental Protection Officer (Controlled Waters), Isle of Man Government
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1 The pump don t work, Cause the vandals took the handles Calum MacNeil, Freshwater Biologist and Environmental Protection Officer (Controlled Waters), Isle of Man Government calum.macneil@gov.im
2 Why killer shrimps and other invasive amphipods threaten freshwater biological water quality monitoring in the British Isles
3 N. Ireland Isle of Man (572 km 2 )
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7 IOM Farming industry = main polluters Organic pollution, nitrates and phosphates
8 The pump = reliable ecological assessments of water quality Biological monitoring cheap, low-tech, reliable, gives very quick feel for state of a site
9 The handles = macroinvertebrate assemblages that reflect generate biotic indices to changing water quality Good Bad
10 BMWP *each type of macroinvertebrate given a score (1-10) based on tolerance /sensitivity to organic pollution + all scores added up ASPT *the average score for animal in that site (not additive) Mayfly Caseless Caddis Chironomid Worms
11 The vandals (and why all shrimps are equal) Gammarus duebeni celticus native to Ireland + Isle of Man (16-18 mm) 6? Gammarus pulex invasive to Ireland + Isle of Man (15-17mm) Crangonyx pseudogracilis invasive to British Isles (4-8 mm) Dikerogammarus villosus The Killer Shrimp 1 st detected in U.K. in 2010 (25-30 mm)
12 N. Ireland The Isle of Man Isle of Man 1950s 1940s H. B. N. Hynes as experiment! English Fishermen as fish food! Gammarus pulex
13 Some shrimps are more equal than others! IGP in action Gdc Gp Female Gdc
14 Community implications Native and invasive shrimp in benthos, drift and fish stomach samples (12 rivers - 6 invaded + 6 native)
15 Ecological assessment implications Number of BMWP scoring taxa in stretches of same river dominated by invader or native (NS difference in physico-chemical parameters) N. Ireland
16 G. pulex in 3 minute kick sample for routine biological water quality monitoring, Middle River Isle of Man
17 Distribution of native and invasive shrimps in Isle of Man rivers (82 sites, 16 rivers) MacNeil et al. (2009)
18 Problems of biotic indices when the invader is more pollution tolerant than the native 1. Invader occurs with assemblages more tolerant of organic pollution 119 sites G. d. celticus G. pulex ASPT value Lough Neagh Lagan Isle of Man
19 Problems of biotic indices when the invader is more pollution tolerant than the native 2. Invader falsely elevates biotic index score, while native does not over-inflate score 119 sites ASPT value G. d. celticus G. pulex Both species Excluded Included
20 2010 D. villosus first detected in British Isles 2010 D. villosus invades detected in British Isles River Ant, Norfolk Broads, May 2013 Norfolk Broads authority
21 Huge population sizes of D. villosus in British invasion...
22 Why D. villosus is the Killer shrimp Fish (Cottus freshwater sculpin) Films courtesy of Dr. Dirk Platvoet, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden
23 Asellus aquaticus water hog-louse (sowbug?)
24 Daphnia water fleas
25 Why D. villosus is the Killer shrimp 5 days From MacNeil, Boets, Lock and Goethals (2013) Freshwater Biology, 58,
26 Biocontamination a way forward? Biological Contamination Index (BCI) derived from two metrics (Arbačiauskas et al. 2008) : Abundance contamination index (ACI) the proportion of specimens of alien species (AS) in a community. ( Ordinal richness contamination index (RCI) the proportion of alien orders within a community. Biocontamination of Isle of Man routine water quality monitoring sites no invaders / natives only Low / moderate invasives less than 50% High / severe invasives more than 50% Relationship between biocontamination and ASPT value 1.4 rs = -0.49, P< O/E ASPT Site-specific contamination index
27 Thanks to... Will Burchnall Broads Authority Pieter Boets, Koen Lock and Peter Goethal, University of Ghent Kestutis Arbaciauskas Nature Research Centre, Lithuania Prof. Jaimie Dick, Queens University Belfast Dr. Dirk Platvoet, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden
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