Velvet Longhorned Beetle Status in the United States

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1 Velvet Longhorned Beetle Status in the United States 2017 NPB Annual Meeting AUG 2017, Savannah, GA Scott Pfister, S&T Otis Laboratory Director Ricardo Valdez, PDEP National Policy Manager

2 Agenda Biology Distribution Behavior Hosts (Living & Dry Wood) Pest Status VLB Port Interceptions & Domestic Detections Port Interceptions Port Intercept Project Domestic Detections / Interceptions Traps & Lures Current Recommendation Trichoferone Survey Plans via CAPS Regulatory Status Import Pathway Question and Answer

3 Velvet Longhorned Beetle: Tricoferus campestris Taxonomy: Previously Hesperophanes campestris Chinese longhorned beetle, mulberry longhorned beetle Distribution: Native to Asia and Russia; established throughout Europe and in UT & IL Behavior: Prefer to feed on wood near cambium; can live in dry wood and take >2 years to emerge. Adults emerge in Jun Aug; attracted to lights at night. Hardiness zones 1-9 Living Hosts include Apple, cherry and mulberry; also birch, honey locust, spruce, pine and willow Dry Wood Host range includes 30+ families (conifers and hardwoods. Pest Status: Considered pest of stored timber in Japan, but known to attack stressed trees there, as well as China Reports of attacking healthy trees in Russia, but not regulated in Europe due to low impact Uncertainty in regards to severity of attack on living healthy hosts

4 VLB Port Interceptions & Domestic Detections Port Interceptions First detection 1997 (Seattle), then 1998 in NJ 44 interceptions at 13 ports 26 interceptions since 2012 as part of Port intercept project On Poplar and Pine Domestic Detections / Inland Interceptions Detected in 14 States Majority caught in traps near residential & commercial sites Bathtubs in IL & NY Established in UT & IL

5 Port Interceptions # of Interceptions US ports of entry

6 Port Interceptions PestID system listed 44 separate interceptions 60 insects (40 larvae, 1 pupa, 19 adults) 35 of the 44 interceptions were in WPM 22 had ISPM-15 stamp, 5 had no marks signifying treatment, 8 had no information Majority of WPM was associated with stone (40%) and metal products (34%) Other pathways included passenger baggage and wood products China was the origin for 85% of interceptions Other countries included Brazil, Italy, Mexico, Spain, South Korea

7 Port Interceptions Countries of origin of cargo and WPM-associated commodities # of Interceptions Inspected hosts Not WPM Brazil China Italy Mexico Spain South Korea

8 Domestic Detections / Inland Interceptions Arkansas (1 County) 2016: 4 live adults from furniture (Marshall) California (1 County) 2014: 1 live adult from willow planter (San Diego) Colorado (1 County) 2010: 1 live adult in light trap in residential neighborhood (Larimer) 2012: 1 live adult in funnel trap at industrial recycling site (Larimer) Delaware (1 County) 2011: 1 dead adult in funnel trap at pallet and dunnage yard (New Castle) 2013: 1 dead adult in black light trap in warehouse (New Castle) Florida (1 County) 1992: 1 adult in light trap in residential neighborhood (Leon)

9 Domestic Detections / Inland Interceptions Illinois (5 Counties) Established by consensus: 11 specimens from 4 different counties since At two locations there were repeat catches. Since trap / lures are not particularly effective (different lures used), the assumption is that there are a lot more beetles around. No exits holes or other signs of infestation ever observed. 2008: 1 live adult found in wood sculpture within a residence (Lake) 2009: 1 dead adult in funnel trap at commercial landscape (Cook) 2010: 1 dead adult in trap at commercial landscape (DuPage) 2010: 1 dead adult in trap at commercial landscape (Crawford) 2011: 1 dead adult in trap at commercial landscape (DuPage) 2011: 1 dead adult in trap at commercial landscape (Crawford) 2012: 1 dead adult in trap at same location as 2010 (Crawford) 2013: 1 dead adult in trap at commercial landscape (DuPage) 2013: 1 dead adult collected in residential bath tub (Cook) 2014: 1 dead adult in trap at rail road corridor (Cook) 2016: 1 adult collected, other factors unknown (Kendall)

10 Domestic Detections / Inland Interceptions Minnesota (1 County) 2010: 1 dead adult in funnel trap at wood recycling center (Hennepin) 2015: 1 dead adult in funnel trap at commercial landscape(hennepin) 2016: 1 live larva and 1 live adult in furniture (Hennepin) 2016: 4 live adults and dozens of larvae from furniture (Hennepin) Wisconsin (1 County) 2016: 6 live adults from furniture in residence

11 2016 Furniture Infestation in MN & WI VLB was detected in hickory style, bark on furniture sold in MN and WI in 2016 In the summer of 2016, a cabin owner in WI had purchased 21 pieces in The cabin owner also purchased furniture for a cabin in Brainerd, MN. The owner noticed frass, exit holes, and gnawing sounds in furniture. 6 VLB adults emerged from WI furniture; dozens of larvae extracted from MN furniture. In September 2016 APHIS worked with states to pick up all the furniture from the cabins and it was incinerated.

12 Domestic Detections / Inland Interceptions New Jersey (2 Counties) 1999: Live adult(s)? in a warehouse (Middlesex) 2007: 1 live adult in wood product (Burlington) 2013: 1 live adult in wood product (Burlington) New York (1 County) 2013: 1 dead adult from bathtub on residential property (Westchester) 2015: 1 live adult from black light trap at marshaling yard (Westchester) 2016: 1 live adult from black intercept panel at same marshaling yard 2016: 1 live adult from black intercept panel on same residential property as : 10 trichoferone baited traps placed in Westchester county for delimitation

13 Domestic Detections / Inland Interceptions Ohio (4 Counties) 2009: 1 dead adult found in a warehouse (Hamilton) 2009: 1 dead adult in black light trap in a warehouse (Franklin) 2010: 1 dead adult in black light trap in a warehouse (Cuyahoga) 2010: 1 live adult associated with cargo in warehouse (Hamilton) 2012: 1 dead adult in black light trap in warehouse (Franklin) 2013: 1 dead adult in black light trap in a warehouse (Hamilton) 2014: 1 dead adult in black light trap in warehouse (Hamilton) 2017: 3 dead adults in black intercept panel traps in state park (Clermont) Two traps placed baited with trichoferone East Fork State Park has the notoriety to be the home of ALB, EAB and now VLB Pennsylvania (2 Counties) 2015: Personal communication from Lingafelter, no further info (Allegheny) 2016: 1 live adult in trichoferone baited black intercept panel trap (Carbon) Rhode Island (1 County) 1 live adult from finished wood product at Walmart (Washington)

14 Domestic Detections Utah Established in 4 counties (Davis, Salt Lake, Utah, Tooele) Reproducing populations in fruit orchard and golf course Between 2013 and present, this beetle has been found infesting and completing development on live cherry and peach trees The cherry trees were 80 years old and also infested with peach tree borer and peach twig borer Ongoing studies to determine severity in living hosts and pheromone development

15 Traps & Lures Current Recommendation Adults have been caught in black light traps and multi-funnel traps with a variety of lures Current recommendation Black Intercept Panel Trap Hung as high in the canopy as possible Lures: Ultra high release ethanol (UHR; 0.5 mg/day) All traps treated with Fluon

16 Traps & Lures Pheromone Development Pheromone under development (Trichoferone) Male produced pheromone found in 2015 Small quantities are being formulated by cooperator at UC Riverside Cooperative project between PPQ, Xavier University and UC Riverside 2016 field work in Utah demonstrated attractiveness over existing lures (e.g. ethanol) and controls 2017 limited field work in Utah is focusing on loading rate Limited commercial production of Pheromone will be available in 2018 for testing in 4-5 states, although the parameters for use will likely be conservative (ie: change lure often) Field work will focus on loading rates & longevity of lure 2017 Dose Response

17 Survey Plans via CAPS In 2018: Visual and black light traps methods will be removed as approved methods Cross vane panel traps and ethanol lure will remain. APHIS-PPQ-CPHST will conduct additional pheromone trials with the intention to have pheromone incorporated into approved methods for 2019.

18 Regulatory Status Pest under evaluation. Retain reportable/actionable status. Better definition of unknowns.

19 Imported Raw Wood Products Pathway PPQ is in concurrence with the concerns expressed in the 2016 NPB Resolution No. 2 PPQ will focus on: increasing compliance with existing regulations; revising Misc. and Processed Product Manual for greater clarity; updating frequently asked questions (FAQs) on website for wooden handicrafts; maintaining list of approved manufacturers from China.

20 Imported Raw Wood Products Pathway ( cont.) PPQ and CBP are currently piloting a special operation that targets previous violators of wood products regulations. PPQ PIM sent letters to China regarding investigations of fraudulent phytosanitary certificates. APHIS is developing ephyto system to reduce fraud with certificates.

21 Acknowledgments Xavier University Annie Ray UC Riverside Jocelyn Miller Post-doc (XU/USDA) Sindhu Krishnankutty Technicians (XU/USDA) Everett Booth Emily Franzen UT Dept. of Ag. and Food Joey Caputo Mena Davidson Dan Gralley NY Dept. of Food & Markets Chris Logue Frank Buccello PA Dept. of Ag. Sven Spichiger USDA-APHIS Joe Francese Baode Wang Damon Crook Dave Cowan Tanya Dockray Leslie Newton David Bednar Tara Holtz WI Dept. of Ag. Brian Kuehn MN Dept. of Ag. Geir Friisoe