Macrobenthic invertebrate survey of Waneta and Lamoka Lakes, Schuyler County, September 16, 1996 and May 12, 1997

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1 248 Macrobenthic invertebrate survey of Waneta and Lamoka Lakes, Schuyler County, September 16, 1996 and May 12, 1997 M.F. Albrigh( W.N. Harman NTRODUCTON Schuyler County encompasses 331 square miles of the Appalachian Plateau in the Finger Lakes region (Curatolo, 1991). The County's economy is largely tourism-based, relying heavily upon its aquatic natural resources. The eutrophic nature of some of these water bodies, including Waneta and Lamoka Lakes (Figure 1), has had detrimental impacts on traditional lake uses. Macrophyte growth and algal blooms have negatively impacted swimming, fishing, boating, and the perceived aesthetic qualities of theses areas. These changes are believed to have lead to a decline in both tourism and in lakeside property values (Curatolo, 1991). n order to address these concerns, Schuyler County initiated an aquatic vegetation control program in 1986 (Curatolo, 1991). This program was to serve as an integrated approach to manage the county's aquatic resources through monitoring, research, macrophyte harvesting, upland treatment, and public education. n 1990, a comprehensive study was undertaken in order to provide baseline information upon which lake management plans would be based (Curatolo, 1991). This work included a characterization of the physical qualities ofthe local lakes, surveys of their macroinvertebrate benthic populations, a description of macrophyte harvesting activities, a determination of the feasibility of conducting dredging operations in selected areas. t also addressed means of reducing nutrient inputs to these lakes. This document describes a two part benthic survey of Waneta and Lamoka Lakes, conducted 16 September 1996 and May The timing of these collections was to ensure documentation of temporal diversity. This database, when compared to previous work cited, and future works, will document the impacts of macrophyte management on the benthic faunal communities. The background material for this report is derived largely from Curatolo, BACKGROUND Waneta Lake (Figure 2) is 781 acres in surface area, of which over 90% is located in Schuyler County. The lake, at 1099 feet in elevation, occupies a volume of approximately 10,860 acre-feet and has about 6.8 miles of shoreline. This lake has a maximum depth of <30 feet. Approximately 450 dwellings and a Boy Scout camp line the shore. The substrate varies from silty to organic clay. Eurasian milfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) dominated most of the shallows, 'Staff assistant, SUNY Oneonta, BFS

2 249 LAMOKA LAKE Figure 1. The location of Waneta, Lamoka, and Seneca Lakes in Schuyler County, New York (modified from Curatolo, 1991).

3 .. :: "'6'.,'.,:1 5 of \ \1 ;~ i~ ~ i ~ i ~ ~ 'f.)!~1 4! ~ J~,~ ~ ffi.\,.\ :\\"...., '.). o.~.. ~ BoAT LAUNCH STES ~.-... ffi o Shoreline UNLOADNG STES EXTENT OF VEGETATON SAMPLNG STATON PUBLC ACCESS Point N 250 i '/ Scout Camp,',3 0'. '\ \ \. \.,. 1\ i' 0'.. ~ \'. \. \'.\ 2 1. :-. ' 8 '-'-;J'. L::;J~, 1000 ' Figure 2. Waneta Lake, Schuyler County, New York, showing sampling stations (modified from Curatolo, 1991).

4 251 with plant diversity being considerably higher at the southernmost shores. On both sample dates, all substrates encountered in Waneta Lake were oxygenated. Lamoka Lake (Figure 3), contiguous with Mill Pond to the south and connected to Waneta Lake via a navigable channel to the north, is located in western Schuyler County. This shallow «47ft) eutrophic lake occupies 826 acres in surface area, 16,410 acre-feet in volume, and has approximately 11.3 miles of shoreline. n 1990, about 325 houses occupied the shoreline. Recreational activities include swimming, fishing, and boating (Curatolo, 1991). During benthic sampling, deeper substrates were dominated by anaerobic organic muds; a notable exception was observed at a drop-off at the northeastern shore (Site #L2), where compact sand was encountered. Here, shells ofunionid clams were collected. The predominating macrophytes encountered were the nonindigenous Eurasian milfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) and curly leafed pondweed (Potamogeton crispus). Toward the southern, shallower end of the lake diversity was considerably higher, with Nuphar, Ceratophyllum, Heteranthera, and Vallisineria being well represented. At the time of sampling milfoil was practically absent from the Mill Pond area. The channel connecting Waneta and Lamoka Lakes exhibited a flora similar to that encountered in Mill pond. Access is provided to both lakes by boat launch sites maintained by the New York State Department of Conservation (NYSDEC). Neither lake is used as a potable water supply. Both lakes have been rated as moderately impaired on the NYSDEC 1989 Priority Problem List (NYSDEC, 1989). Despite inclement weather encountered throughout both days of sampling (45-50 F, steady rain), bird activity was considerable. On 16 September 1996 large numbers of tree swallows (ridoprocne hicolor) were active on Waneta Lake, presumably feeding on emerging aquatic insects. Two ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) and parasitic jaeger (Stercorarius parasiticus) were seen over Lamoka Lake; the latter seabird is extremely rare in this region and was likely displaced by recent tropical storms (Butts, 1996). On 12 May 1997 several species of early migrating songbirds were observed, with diversity being the greatest along the channel between the two Lakes. Two hen mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) were seen sitting on nests, and a pair of Canada geese (Branta canadensis) were seen on Lamoka Lake with newly hatched goslings. WATER QUALTY MONTORNG Temperature, dissolved oxygen, ph, and conductivity were measured using a Hydrolab Scout multiparameter water quality monitoring instrument which had been calibrated the days of data collection following manufacturer's operating manual (Hydrolab Corp., 1993). Readings were taken at 1 meter (m) intervals from the surface to the bottom. The maximum depth encountered at Waneta Lake was 8.2 meters (26.9 feet); that for Lamoka Lake was 13.4 meters (44.0 feet). On 16 September 1996, Waneta was undergoing fall overturn, although slight, presumably temporary stratification was observed below 8 m. Temperature in that area was approximately C less than the rest of the water column and dissolved oxygen was over 2 mg/lless than overlaying waters. Conductivity was between mmho/cm throughout. On

5 252 FLEET.:.-~- COVE 1000 ft N BOAT LAUNCH STES o PUBLC ACCESS ~ UNLOADNG STES -._.- EXTENT OF VEGETATON E9 SAMPLNG STATON POND Figure 3. Lamoka Lake, Schuyler County, New York, showing sampling stations (modified from Curatolo, 1991).

6 May 1997, the earliest signs of stratification were observed, with sight decreases in temperature and dissolved oxygen observed at the greatest depths. Temperature, dissolved oxygen, and ph profiles are graphically presented in Figures 4A and 4B. Lamoka Lake was stratified on 16 September, with the thermocline located between 6 and 7 m. Hypolimnetic waters were essentially anoxic «0.3 mg/l), a situation similar to that reported by Curatolo (1991) for corresponding dates in 1988, 1989 and Conductivity was approximately 190 mmho/cm through the epilimnion and increased below the thermocline to 213 mmho/cm at the bottom. Spring turnover was underway on 12 May, 1996.Temperature, dissolved oxygen, and ph profiles are graphically presented in Figures SA and 5B. These data, while limited, do not indicate any further shift toward eutrophy in either Waneta or Lamoka Lakes since Water samples collected on 12 May were analyzed for calcium content using the EDTA titrimetric method (APHA, 1989). Surface concentrations were 18.9 and 17.4 mg/l in Waneta and Lamoka Lakes, respectively. Water transparency was measured using a standard 20 em Secchi disk. Transparency was 2.0 m (6.6 ft) in Waneta and 1.9 m (6.2 ft) in Lamoka on 16 September 1996 and 1.2 m (3.9 ft) in both Lakes on 12 May Values reported by Curatolo (1991) indicate that Lamoka was somewhat more transparent and Waneta twice as transparent in 1996 compared to similar dates in THE BENTHC NVERTEBRATE COMMUNTY METHODS Macroinvertebrates were collected from nine sites on Waneta Lake and nine sites on Lamoka. These sites included eulittoral, littoral muds, littoral vegetation, and profundal benthos. The objective was to obtain faunal diversity and density data for comparison with previous (e.g. Curatolo, 1991) and future surveys to ascertain any effects of macrophyte and algae control programs, as well as other changes in water quality or the colonization of non-native species, on these populations. Benthic samples were collected in triplicate using either a 23 X 23 cm 2 or a 15 X 15 cm 2 Ekman dredge. The larger dredges, using a conventional cable and messenger, were used in deeper locations; in shallower areas, the smaller dredges were employed using extension handles. Eulittoral samples, where the substrate tended to be stony, were acquired by manually gathering all material within a 23 X 23 cm 2 quadrangle. Vegetative samples were collected by sweeping the macrophytes with a triangle net five times and rinsing the contents from the net. Effort was made to include the entire depth distribution of the macrophyte bed. Each vegetative sample was collected in quadruplicate. While it is recognized that these vegetative samples cannot be interpreted as truly quantitative, the attempt was made to standardize the method as much as possible so that future comparisons may be made.

7 254 A B ~ 6 7 o:s ~ J:: (1) 0... (1) Q 8 Q SD= 2.0 M SD= 1.2 M Temperature -- ph -.- Dissolved Oxygen Figure 4. Profiles of temperature (Qq, ph, and dissolved oxygen (mg/1) for Waneta Lake, 16 September, 1996 (A) and 12 May, 1997 (B).

8 255 A B i SD= 1.9 M 14 SD= 1.2 M --- Temperature -- ph -..- Dissolved Oxygen Figure 5. Profiles of temperature (OC), ph, and dissolved oxygen (mg/l) for Lamoka Lake, 16 September, 1996 (A) and 12 May, 1997 (B).

9 256 Upon retrieval, multiple samples were composited and passed through a #30 mesh brass screen, thus retaining all particulate matter over 583 microns. This material was transferred to one-gallon plastic jars, to which 95% ethanol was added until a final concentration of approximately 70% ethanol was reached. Several milliliters of rose bengal were added to each sample to later aid in the recognition of benthic organisms. n the laboratory, organisms were separated from the substrate by transferring each sample, spoonful at a time, into a white enamel pan and rinsing with adequate water to distribute the material. All benthic organisms were isolated and transferred to 6 dram vials containing 70% ethanol. Taxonomic determinations were made according to Pennak (1989), Peckarsky et at. (1990), and Merritt and Cummins (1996). Assistance with the identification of mites was provided by Lanciani (1996) and of weevils by Johnson (1997). Organisms were enumerated and weighed by taxa. Wet weight was determined by removing the organisms from their vials, setting on blotting paper for 15 minutes to remove excess alcohol, and weighing to the nearest 0.1 mg on an electronic balance (Wheat, 1994). No attempt was made to count Oligochaetes, as they tended to fragment during processing. Values indicating numbers of organisms and weights per sample represent composited triplicate (benthic) or quadruplicate (vegetative) samples. For benthic sites, where sample size was more standardized, data were converted to units per meter 2 RESULTS AND DSCUSSON A description of each sample site, including sample type, sampling method, substrate characterization, and dominant macrophytes, is summarized in Table 1 A and B (refer to Figures 2 and 3 for site locations). A total of 81 taxa were collected in this survey, with 61 and 68 taken from Waneta and Lamoka, respectively (Table 2). The 16 September 1996 survey revealed a total of 58 taxa; 44 were collected from Waneta Lake and 45 from Lamoka. On 12 May 1997,63 taxa were taken, with 61 from Waneta and 68 from Lamoka. Generally, diversity was greater in Lamoka, where the number of taxa per site averaged 28.7, compared to 19.4 taxa per site found in Waneta. The southernmost reaches of Lamoka Lake (sites L6-L9) exhibited the greatest diversity. Here, 52 taxa were discovered, with each site averaging This area is relatively shallow and macrophytes were likewise diverse. The Order Trichoptera (caddis flies) showed the greatest species richness, with 14 genera representing 4 families encountered. The comparatively large diversity of leptocerid and phryganeid caddisflies collected in Lamoka Lake is undoubtedly due to the marshy character of that biotope. Representatives of these families are typical of dense, but diverse submergent plant communities. Tables 3-20 describe the macrobenthic invertebrates for each site visited, including numbers and wet weights of each taxa found in both lakes. For benthic samples, abundance and biomass have been projected to units/meter 2. Some sites, where vegetative samples were collected in the first survey, benthic samples were collected in the second due to inadequate macrophyte densities in the spring. Because of this, data from some sites are not easily compared. A preliminary comparison of these data with those included in Curatolo (1991) suggest a marked

10 257 A B Site Sample Type Dominant Vegetation Substrate Characterization Waneta W Sub., 3 small dredges Myriophyllum spicatum organic clay W2 Sub., 3 small dredges M. spicatum organic clay W3 Veg. 4X5 sweeps M. spicatum organ ic clay W4 Sub., 3 large dredges none fine silty clay W5 Veg. 4X5 sweeps M. spicatllm organic clay W6 Sub., 3 small dredges M. spicatum organic detritus W7 Sub., quadrangle none stones (eu littoral) W8 Veg. 4X5 sweeps Ceratophyllul11 de/llersum organic clay W9 Veg. 4X5 sweeps Nuphar variegatu/l, Vallisneria americana organic mud Lamoka L Sub., 3 large dredges none organ ic mud (anox ic) L2 Sub., 3 small dredges none co 111 pact sand L3 Veg. 4X5 sweeps M. spicatul11 organ ic mud L4 Veg. 4X5 sweeps M. spicatuljl peaty organic mud L5 Sub., 3 small dredges Ai spicatulll organic mud L6 Veg. 4X5 sweeps M spicatuljl organic mud L7 Veg. 4X5 sweeps N. variegat/ll organic mud L8 Veg. 4X5 sweeps M. spicatum organic mud L9 Veg. 4X5 sweeps Heterallthera dubia, C dcmersum, V. americana organ ic mud Waneta W Sub., 3 small dredges C demersul11"pota!l1ogetull crisplls organic clay W2 Sub.,3 small dredges P. crispus organic clay W3 Sub., 3 small dredges P. crispus organic clay W4 Sub., 3 large dredges none fine silty clay W5 Sub., 3 large dredges M. spicatulll, P, crispus organic clay W6 Sub., 3 small dredges M. spicatum organic detritus W7 Sub., J quadrangle none stones (eulittoral) W8 Veg. 4X5 sweeps Ceratophylluln demersulll organic clay W9 Veg. 4X5 sweeps Nuphar variegatum, Vallisneria americana organic mud Lamoka L Sub., 3 large dredges none organic mud (anoxic) L2 Sub., 3 small dredges none compact sand L3 Veg. 4X5 sweeps M. spicatum organic mud L4 Veg. 4X5 sweeps M. spicatum peaty organic mud L5 Sub., 3 small dredges M. spicatum organic mud L6 Veg. 4X5 sweeps M. spicatum organic mud L7 Veg. 4X5 sweeps N. variegatm organic mud L8 Veg. 4X5 sweeps M. spicatum organic mud L9 Veg. 4X5 sweeps Heteranthera dllbia, C demersum, V americana organic llud Table 1. Description of macrobenthic invertebrate sampling sites, Waneta and Lamoka Lakes, 16 September 1996 (A) and 12 May 1997 (B). Sub.== substrate sample, Veg.== vegetative sample, small dredge==.0232 m 2, large dredge=.0523 m 2, quadrangle=.0523 m 2.

11 258 TAXA l-'latyhelmlnthes Turbellaria Tricladida Planariidae Nemotoda Annelida Oligochaeta Haplotaxida Naididae Tubificidae Lumbricidae Lumbriculida Lumbriculidae Hirudinea Pharyngobdellida Erpobdellidae Erpobdella Dina pana Alboglossiphonia heteroclita Rhynchobdellida Glossiphoniidae Helobdella Helobdella fusca Helobdella stagnalis Batracobdella Placobdella Glossiphonia complanata Piscicolidae Myzobdella lugubris Mollusca Bivalvia Paleoheterodonta Unionidae Lampsilis radiata (shells) Elliptio complanatus (shells) Veneroida Sphaeriidae Sphaerium Pisidium Waneta 09/16/96 05/12/97 Lamoka 09/16/96 05/12/97 Table 2. Summary ofmacrobenthic invertebrates collected from Waneta and Lamoka Lakes, 16 September 1996 and 12 May 1997.

12 259 Waneta Lamoka TAXA 09/16/96 05/12/97 09/16/96 05/12/97 Gastropoda Basommatrophora Lymnaeidae Lymnaea colume/la Planorbidae Gyraulus parvus Gyraulus hirsutus Promentus exacuous Physidae Physa integra Physa sayii Ancylidae ~ Ferrisia tarda Mesogastropoda Valvatidae Valvata tricarinata Hydrobiidae Amnico/a imosa Arthropoda Arachnida Acariformes Hydrodromidae Hydrodroma Limnesiidae Pionidae Arrenuridae Arrenurus Sperconidae Spercon Crustacea Ostracoda Copepoda Harpacticoida sopoda Asellidae Caecidotea Amphipoda Gammaridae Gammarus ~ Talitridae Hyalel/a azteca Table 2 (cont.). Summary ofmacrobenthic invertebrates collected from Waneta and Lamoka Lakes, 16 September 1996 and 12 May 1997.

13 260 Waneta Lamoka TAXA 09/16/96 05/12/97 09/16/96 05/12/97 nsecta Ephemeroptera Baetidae Paracloeodes Callibaetis Caenidae Caenis Heptageniidae Stenacron Odonata (Anisoptera) Libellulidae Erythemis Corduliidae Epitheca Odonata (Zygoptera) Coenagrionidae Coenagrion or Enallagma Lestidae Lestes Hemiptera Pleidae Neoplea Mesoveliidae Mesovelia Lepidoptera Nepticulidae Pyralidae Acentria ephemerella Trichoptera Polycentropodidae Cernotina Leptoceridae Oecetis Ylodes Leptocerus Setodes Nectopsyche Ceraclea Phryganeidae Oligotricha Phryganea Table 2 (cant). Summary ofmacrobenthic invertebrates collected from Waneta and Lamoka Lakes, 16 September 1996 and 12 May 1997.

14 261 Waneta Lamoka TAXA 09/16/96 05/12/97 09/16/96 05/12/97 Hydroptilidae Orthatrichia Oxythira Hydoptilla Mayatrichia Agraylea Coleoptera Curculionidae Euhrychiopsis Dytisicidae Chrysomelidae Pyrrhalta Elmidae Dubiraphia Psephenidae Psephenus Diptera Muscidae Empididae Tabanidae Ceratopogonidae Sphaeromias Probezzia Dasyhelea Bezzia or Palpomyia Culicoides Chaoboridae Chaoborus Chironomidae Table 2 (cont.). Summary ofmacrobenthic invertebrates collected from Waneta and Lamoka Lakes, 16 September 1996 and 12 May 1997.

15 262 Waneta Lake Site 1 (benthic) 9/16/96 5/12/97 TAXA #/m"2 g/m"2 #/m"2 g/m"2 Platyhelminthes Turbellaria Tricladida Planariidae Nemotoda Annelida Oligochaeta Haplotaxida Naididae NA Tubificidae NA Lumbricidae NA Lumbriculida Lumbriculidae NA NA Hirudinea Rhynchobdellida Glossiphoniidae Helobdella stagnalis Batracobdella Placobdella Mollusca Gastropoda Basommatrophora Planorbidae Gyraulus parvus Gyraulus hirsutus Promentus exacuous Physidae Physa sp Mesogastropoda Valvatidae Valvata tricarinata Hydrobiidae Amnico/a limosa Arthropoda Crustacea sopoda Asellidae Caecidotea Amphipoda Gammaridae Gammarus Talitridae Hyalella azteca Table 3. Summary ofmacrobenthic invertebrates collected from Waneta Lake, Site #1,9/16/96 and 5/12/97 (see Figure 2 for site locations). Densities and biomass presented per meter 2.

16 263 Waneta lake Site 1 (benthic) 9/16/96 5/12/97 TAXA #/m A 2 g/m A 2 #/m A 2 g/m A 2 nsecta Ephemeroptera Caenidae Caenis Odonata (Zygoptera) Coenagrionidae Coenagrion or Ena//agma Trichoptera leptoceridae Ylodes 14 0,0603 Hydroptilidae Hydoptilla 14 <.0014 Diptera Ceratopogonidae Sphaeromias Bezzia or Palpomyia Culicoides 43 <.0014 Chaoboridae Chaoborus Chironomidae Table 3 (cont.). Summary of macrobenthic invertebrates collected from Waneta Lake, Site #1, 9/16/96 and 5/12/97 (see Figure 2 for site locations). Densities and biomass presented per meter 2.

17 264 Waneta Lake Site 2 (benthic) 9/16/96 5/12/97 TAXA #/m l 2 g/m ll 2 #/m l 2 g/m ll 2 Platyhelminthes Turbellaria Tricladida Planariidae Nematoda <.0014 Annelida Oligochaeta Lumbriculidae NA NA Hirudinea Rhynchobdellida Glossiphoniidae Helobdella stagnalis Mollusca Gastropoda Mesogastropoda Valvatidae Valvata tricarinata Hydrobiidae Amnicola limosa Arthropoda Crustacea sopoda Asellidae Caecidotea Amphipoda Talitridae Hyalella azteca nsecta Ephemeroptera Caenidae Caenis Odonata (Zygoptera) Coenagrionidae Coenagrion or Enallagma Trichoptera Hydroptilidae Orthotrichia Diptera Muscidae Ceratopogonidae Sphaeromias Bezzia or Palpomyia Culicoides 29 <.0014 Chaoboridae Chaoborus Chironomidae Table 4. Summary of macrobenthic invertebrates collected from Waneta Lake, Site #2, 9/16/96 and 5/12/97 (see Figure 2 for site locations). Densities and biomass presented per meter 2.

18 265 Waneta Lake Site 3 (vegetative 9/15, benthic 5/12) TAXA Platyhelminthes Turbellaria 9/16/96 #/samp g/samp 5/12/97 #/m!l2 g/m!l2 Tricladida Planarlidae Nemotoda Annelida Oligochaeta Haplotaxida Naididae NA NA Lumbriculida Lumbriculidae NA Hirudinea Rhynchobdellida Glossiphoniidae Helobdella Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Sphaeriidae Pisidium Gastropoda Basommatrophora Planorbidae Gyraulus parvus Mesogastropoda Valvatidae Valvata tricarinata Hydrobiidae Amnico/a limosa Arthropoda Arachnida Acariformes Hydrodromidae Hydrodroma Crustacea sopoda Asellidae Caecidotea Amphipoda Gammaridae Gammarus Talitridae Hyalella azteca Table 5. Summary of macrobenthic invertebrates collected from Waneta Lake, Site #3, 9/16/96 and 5/12/97 (see Figure 2 for site locations). Densities and biomass presented per 20 vegetative sweeps (9/16/96) and per meter2 (5/12/97).

19 266 Waneta Lake Site 3 (vegetative 9/15, benthic 5/12) TAXA nsecta Ephemeroptera Caenidae Caenis Trichoptera Leptoceridae Oecetis 9/16/96 #/samp g/samp /12/97 #/m l 2 g/m ll Hydroptilidae Orthotrichia Diptera Ceratopogonidae Culicoides Chironomidae < Table 5 (cont.). Summary ofmacrobenthic invertebrates collected from Waneta Lake, Site #3, 9/16/96 and 5/12/97 (see Figure 2 for site locations). Densities and biomass presented per 20 vegetative sweeps (9/16/96) and per meter 2 (5/12/97).

20 267 Waneta Lake Site 4 (benthic) 9/16/96 5/12/97 TAXA #/m l 2 g/m"2 #/m l 2 g/m ll 2! Platyhelminthes Turbellaria Tricladida Planariidae 72 <.0014 Annelida Oligochaeta Haplotaxida Naididae NA Lumbriculida Lumbriculidae NA Mollusca Gastropoda Mesogastropoda Hydrobiidae Amnico/a limosa Arthropoda Arachnida Acarjformes Limnesiidae 14 <.0014 Crustacea Ostracoda Amphipoda Talitridae Hyalella azteca 14 <.0014 nsecta Trichoptera Hydroptilidae Mayatrichia 14 <.0014 Diptera Chaoboridae Chaoborus Chironomidae Table 6. Summary of macrobenthic invertebrates collected from Waneta Lake, Site #4, 9/16/96 and 5/12/97 (see Figure 2 for site locations). Densities and biomass presented per meter.

21 268 Waneta Lake Site 5 (vegetative 9/16, benthic 5/12) 9/16/96 5/12/97 TAXA #/samp g/samp #/mf\2 g/mf\2 Platyhelminthes Turbellaria Tricladida Planariidae Nemotoda 14 <.0014 Annelida Oligochaeta Haplotaxida Naididae NA Tubificidae NA Lumbricidae \JA Lumbriculida Lumbriculidae NA Mollusca Gastropoda Basommatrophora Planorbidae Gyraulus parvus Physidae Physa sp Mesogastropoda Valvatidae Valvata tricarinata Hydrobiidae Amnico/a /imosa Arthropoda Arachnida Acariformes Limnesiidae 14 <.0014 Crustacea Amphipoda Talitridae Hyale/la azteca nsecta Ephemeroptera Baetidae Paracloeodes Caenidae Caenis Odonata (Zygoptera) Coenagrionidae Coenagrion or Ena/lagma Lepidoptera Nepticulidae Table 7. Summary ofmacrobenthic invertebrates collected from Waneta Lake, Site #5,9/16/96 and 5/12/97 (see Figure 2 for site locations). Densities and biomass presented per 20 vegetative sweeps (9/16/96) and per meter2 (5/12/97).

22 269 Waneta Lake Site 5 (vegetative 9/16, benthic 5/12) 9/16/96 5/12/97 TAXA #/samp g/samp #/m fl 2 g/m fl 2 nchoptera Hydroptilidae Orthotrichia Oxythira Hydoptilla Coleoptera Curculionidae Euhrychiopsis Diptera Ceratopogonidae Bezzia or Palpomyia Chaoboridae Chaoborus Chironomidae Table 7 (cont.). Summary ofmacrobenthic invertebrates collected from Waneta Lake, Site #5, 9/16/96 and 5/12/97 (see Figure 2 for site locations). Densities and biomass presented per 20 vegetative sweeps (9/16/96) and per metei" (5/12/97).

23 270 Waneta Lake Site 6 (benthic) 9/16/96 5/12/97 TAXA #/m l 2 g/m ll 2 #/m l 2 g/m ll 2 Platyhelminthes Turbellaria Tricladida Planariidae Nemotoda Annelida Oligochaeta Haplotaxida Naididae NA NA Tubificidae NA NA Lumbriculida Lumbriculidae NA NA Hirudinea Rhynchobdellida Glossiphoniidae Helobdella stagnalis Mollusca Gastropoda Basommatrophora Planorbidae Gyraulus parvus Mesogastropoda Hydrobiidae Amnicola limosa Arthropoda Arachnida Acariformes Hydrodromidae Hydrodroma 14 <.0014 Limnesiidae 14 < Crustacea Amphipoda Talitridae Hyalella azteca nsecta Ephemeroptera Caenidae Caenis Odonata (Zygoptera) Coenagrionidae Coenagrion or Enallagma Lepidoptera Nepticulidae Table 8. Summary of macrobenthic invertebrates collected from Waneta Lake, Site #6, 9/16/96 and 5/12/97 (see Figure 2 for site locations). Densities and biomass presented per 20 vegetative sweeps.

24 271 Waneta Lake Site 6 (benthic) 9/16/96 5/12/97 TAXA #/mf\2 g/mf\2 #/mf\2 g/mf\2 Tnchoptera Hydroptilidae Oxythira Agraylea 14 <.0014 Coleoptera Dytisicidae Diptera Ceratopogonidae Probezzia Bezzia or Palpomyia <.0014 Culicoides Chaoboridae Chaoborus Chironomidae Table 8 (cont.). Summary ofmacfobenthic invertebrates collected from Waneta Lake, Site #6, 9/16/96 and 5/12/97 (see Figure 2 fof site locations). Densities and biomass presented per 20 vegetative sweeps.

25 272 Waneta Lake Site 7 (benthic) 9/16/96 5/12/97 TAXA #/m\2 g/ml\2 #/m\2 g/ml\2 Platyhelminthes Turbellaria Tricladida Planariidae Annelida Oligochaeta Haplotaxida Naididae NA Tubificidae NA Lumbriculida Lumbriculidae NA Hirudinea Pharyngobdellida Erpobdellidae Erpobde//a Arthropoda Crustacea Amphipoda Gammaridae Gammarus nsecta Diptera Ceratopogonidae Bezzia or Palpomyia Chironomidae Table 9. Summary ofmacrobenthic invertebrates collected from Waneta Lake, Site #7,9/16/96 and 5/12/97 (see Figure 2 for site locations). Densities and biomass presented per meter 2

26 273 Waneta Lake Site 8 (vegetative) 9/16/96 5/12/97 TAXA #/samp g/samp #/samp g/samp Platyhelminthes Turbellaria Tricladida Planariidae Nemotoda Annelida Oligochaeta Haplotaxida Naididae NA NA Hirudinea Pharyngobdellida Erpobdellidae Dina parva Rhynchobdellida Glossiphoniidae Helobdella stagnalis Piscicolidae h1yzobdellalugubris Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Sphaeriidae Sphaerium Pisidium Gastropoda Basommatrophora Planorbidae Gyraulus parvus Promentus exacuous Physidae Physa integra Physa sayii Mesogastropoda Valvatidae Valvata tricarinata Hydrobiidae Amnicola limosa Table 10. Summary of macrobenthic invertebrates collected from Waneta Lake, Site #8, 9/16/96 and 5/12/97 (see Figure 2 for site locations). Densities and biomass presented per 20 vegetative sweeps.

27 274 Waneta Lake Site 8 (vegetative) 9/16/96 5/12/97 TAXA #/samp g/samp #/samp g/samp Arthropoda Arachnida Acariformes Limnesiidae Pionidae Crustacea Amphipoda Talitridae Hyalella azteca nsecta Ephemeroptera Caenidae Caenis Odonata (Zygoptera) Coenagrionidae Coenagrion or Enallagma Lepidoptera Nepticulidae Diptera Ceratopogonidae Bezzia or Palpomyia <.0001 Chaoboridae Chaoborus Chironomidae Table 10 (cont.). Summary ofmacrobenthic invertebrates collected from Waneta Lake, Site #8, 9/16/96 and 5/12/97 (see Figure 2 for site locations). Densities and biomass presented per 20 vegetative sweeps.

28 275 Waneta Lake Site 9 (vegetative) 9/16/96 5/12/97 TAXA #/samp g/samp #/samp g/samp Platyhelminthes Turbellaria Tricladida Planariidae Nemotoda 1 <.0001 Annelida Oligochaeta Haplotaxida Naididae NA Tubificidae NA Lumbriculida Lumbriculidae NA Hirudinea Pharyngobdellida Erpobdellidae Alboglossiphonia heteroclita Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Sphaeriidae Sphaerium Pisidium Gastropoda Basommatrophora Lymnaeidae Lymnaea columella Planorbidae Gyraulus parvus Gyraulus hirsutus Physidae Physa sayii Mesogastropoda Hydrobiidae Amnico/a limosa Arthropoda Crustacea sopoda Asellidae Caecidotea <.0001 Table 11. Summary ofmacrobenthic invertebrates collected from Waneta Lake, Site #9,9/16/96 and 5/12/97 (see Figure 2 for site locations). Densities and biomass presented per 20 vegetative sweeps.

29 276 Waneta Lake Site 9 (vegetative) 9/16/96 5/12/97 TAXA #/samp g/samp #/samp g/samp Amphlpoda Gammaridae Gammarus Talitridae Hyalella azteca nsecta Ephemeroptera Caenidae Caenis Odonata (Anisoptera) Libellulidae Erythemis Odonata (Zygoptera) Coenagrionidae Coenagrion or Enallagma Hemiptera Mesoveliidae Mesovelia Lepidoptera Nepticulidae Pyralidae Acentria ephemerella Trichoptera Leptoceridae Leptocerus Coleoptera Curculionidae Euhrychiopsis Chrysomelidae Pyrrhalta Diptera Ceratopogonidae Bezzia or Palpomyia Culicoides Chironomidae Table 11 (cont.). Summary ofmacrobenthic invertebrates collected from Waneta Lake, Site #9, 9/16/96 and 5/12/97 (see Figure 2 for site locations). Densities and biomass presented per 20 vegetative sweeps.

30 277 Lamoka Lake Site 1 (benthic) TAXA Annelida Oligochaeta Haplotaxida Naididae Tubificidae Lumbriculida 9/16/96 #/mf\2 g/mf\2 NA /12/97 #/mf\2 g/mf\2 ~ Lumbriculidae NA Arthropoda Crustacea Amphipoda Talitridae Hyalella azteca nsecta Diptera Chaoboridae Chaoborus Chironomidae Table 12. Summary of macrobenthic invertebrates collected from Lamoka Lake, Site #1,9/16/96 and 5/12/97 (see Figure 2 for site locations). Densities and biomass presented per meter 2

31 Lamoka Lake Site 2 (benthic) 9/16/96 5/12/97 TAXA #/m\2 g/ml\2 #/m\2 g/ml\2 Platyhelminthes Turbellaria Tricladida Planariidae Nemotoda Annelida Oligochaeta Haplotaxida Naididae NA NA Tubificidae NA Lumbriculida Lumbriculidae NA Hirudinea Rhynchobdellida Glossiphoniidae Helobdella stagnalis i >---'1 Glossiphonia complanata ! -i Mollusca Bivalvia Paleoheterodonta Unionidae Lampsilis radiata (shells only Elliptio complanatus (shells only 278 Veneroida, Sphaeriidae i Sphaerium Pisidium Gastropoda Basommatrophora, Planorbidae Gyraulus parvus Promentus exacuous Physidae Physa integra Mesogastropoda Hydrobiidae Amnicola limosa Table 13. Summary of macrobenthic invertebrates collected from Lamoka Lake, Site #2, 9/16/96 and 5/12/97 (see Figure 2 for site locations). Densities and biomass presented per meter 2.

32 279 Lamoka Lake Site 2 (benthic) 9/16/96 5/12/97 TAXA #/m"2 g/m"2 #/m"2 g/m"2 Arthropoda Arachnida, Acariformes Limnesiidae 29 <.0014 Crustacea Copepoda Harpacticoida 29 <.0014 sopoda Asellidae Caecidotea Amphipoda Talitridae Hyalella azteca, nsecta Ephemeroptera Baetidae Callibaetis Caenidae ~ Caenis Odonata (Anisoptera) Corduliidae Epitheca Odonata (Zygoptera) Coenag rion idae Coenagrion or Enallagma Lepidoptera Pyralidae Acentria ephemerella Trichoptera Leptoceridae Leptocerus Setodes Phryganeidae Oligotricha Hydroptilidae Orthotrichia Oxythira Hydoptilla 14 <.0014 Diptera Tabanidae Ceratopogonidae Probezzia Bezzia or Palpomyia Chaoboridae Chaoborus Chironomidae Table 13 (cont.). Summary ofmacrobenthic invertebrates collected from Lamoka Lake, Site #2, 9/16/96 and 5/12/97 (see Figure 2 for site locations). Densities and biomass presented per meter2.

33 280 Lamoka Lake Site 3 (vegetative) TAXA Platyhelminthes Turbellaria Tricladida Planariidae Annelida Oligochaeta Haplotaxida Naididae Lumbriculida Lumbriculidae Hirudinea Pharyngobdellida Erpobdellidae Alboglossiphonia heteroclita Rhynchobdellida Glossiphoniidae Helobdella stagnalis Batracobdella Placobdella Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Sphaeriidae Sphaerium Gastropoda Basommatrophora Planorbidae Gyraulus parvus Promentus exacuous Physidae Physa sayii Mesogastropoda Valvatidae Valvata tricarinata f 116/96 #/sari) g/samp 3 '.,, i 5/12/97 #/samp g/samp NA NA NA Hydrobiidae Amnicola limosa Table 14. Summary ofmacrobenthic invertebrates collected from Lamoka Lake, Site #3,9/16/96 and 5/12/97 (see Figure 2 for site locations). Densities and biomass presented per 20 vegetative sweeps.

34 281 Lamoka Lake Site 3 (vegetative) 9/16/96 5/12/97 TAXA #/samp g/samp #/samp g/samp Arthropoda Arachnida Acariformes Limnesiidae 2 <.0001 Crustacea sopoda Asellidae Caecidotea <.0001 Amphipoda Gammaridae nsecta Ephemeroptera Gammarus Talitridae Hyalella azteca Caenidae Caenis 1 <.0001 Heptageniidae ~1 Stenacron Odonata (Anisoptera) Corduliidae Epitheca Odonata (Zygoptera) Coenagrionidae Coenagrion or Enallagma Trichoptera Leptoceridae Leptocerus Coleoptera Psephenidae Psephenus Diptera Ceratopogonidae Bezzia or Palpomyia Chironomidae Table 14 (cont.). Summary ofmacrobenthic invertebrates collected from Lamoka Lake, Site #3, 9/16/96 and 5/12/97 (see Figure 2 for site locations). Densities and biomass presented per 20 vegetative sweeps.

35 282 Lamoka Lake Site 4 (vegetative) 9/16/96 5/12/97 TAXA #/samp g/samp #/samp g/samp Platyhelminthes Turbellaria Tricladida Planariidae Annelida Oligochaeta Haplotaxida Naididae NA Tubificidae NA Lumbriculida Lumbriculidae NA Hirudinea Pharyngobdellida Erpobdellidae Erpobdella Alboglossiphonia heteroclita Rhynchobdellida Glossiphoniidae Helobdella stagnalis Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Sphaeriidae Pisidium Gastropoda Basommatrophora Planorbidae Gyraulus panus Gyraulus hirsutus Promentus exacuous Physidae Physa integra Physa sayii Mesogastropoda Valvatidae Valvata tricarinata Hydrobiidae Amnicola limosa Arthropoda Arachnida Acariformes Hydrodromidae Hydrodroma Limnesiidae Table 15. Summary of macrobenthic invertebrates collected from Lamoka Lake, Site #4, 9/16/96 and 5/12/97 (see Figure 2 for site locations). Densities and biomass presented per 20 vegetative sweeps.

36 283 Lamoka Lake Site 4 (vegetative) 9/16/96 5/12/97 TAXA #/samp g/samp #/samp g/samp Crustacea Copepoda Harpacticoida sopoda Asellidae Caecidotea Amphipoda Gammaridae Gammarus Talitridae Hyalella azteca nsecta Ephemeroptera Caenidae Caenis Odonata (Anisoptera) Corduliidae Epitheca Odonata (Zygoptera) Coenagrionidae Coenagrion or Enallagma Trichoptera Polycentropodidae Cemotina Leptoceridae Oecetis Leptocerus Nectopsyche Phryganeidae Phryganea Hydroptilidae Agraylea Coleoptera Elmidae Oubiraphia Diptera Ceratopogonidae Bezzia or Pa/pomyia Culicoides Chironomidae 4 < < Table 15 (cont.). Summary ofmacrobenthic invertebrates collected from Lamoka Lake, Site #4, 9/16/96 and 5/12/97 (see Figure 2 for site locations). Densities and biomass presented per 20 vegetative sweeps.

37 284 Lamaka Lake Site 5 (benthic) 9/16/96 5/12/97 TAXA #/m/l2 g/m/l2 #/m/l2 g/m/l2 Platyhelminthes Turbellaria Tricladida Planariidae Nematoda 29 <.0014 Annelida Oligochaeta Haplotaxida Naididae NA Lumbricidae NA Hirudinea Pharyngobdellida Erpobdellidae A/boglossiphonia heteroclita Rhynchobdellida Glossiphoniidae Batracobdel/a Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Sphaeriidae Sphaerium Gastropoda Basommatrophara Planorbidae Gyraulus parvus Gyraulus hirsutus Promentus exacuous Physidae Physa integra Mesogastrapoda Hydrobiidae Amnico/a limosa Arthropoda Arachnida Acariformes Hydrodromidae Hydrodroma Limnesiidae Sperconidae Spercon 14 <.0014 Table 16. Summary ofmacrobenthic invertebrates collected from Lamoka Lake, Site #5,9/16/96 and 5/12/97 (see Figure 2 for site locations). Densities and biomass presented per meter 2

38 285 Lamoka Lake Site 5 (benthic) 9/16/96 5/12/97 TAXA #/m"2 g/m"2 #/m"2 g/m"2 Crustacea Copepoda Harpacticoida sopoda Asellidae Caecidotea Amphipoda Gammaridae Gammarus Talitridae Hyalella azteca nsecta Ephemeroptera Caenidae Caenis Odonata (Anisoptera) Corduliidae Epitheca Odonata (Zygoptera) Coenagrionidae Coenagrion or Enallagma Trichoptera Polycentropodidae Cernotina Leptoceridae Oecetis Ylodes Leptocerus Nectopsyche Hydroptilidae Agraylea Diptera Empididae Ceratopogonidae Sphaeromias Bezzia or Palpomyia Chaoboridae Chaoborus Chironomidae ~ Table 16 (cont.). Summary of macrobenthic invertebrates collected from Lamoka Lake, Site #5, 9/16/96 and 5/12/97 (see Figure 2 for site locations). Densities and biomass presented per meter 2

39 286 Lamoka Lake Site 6 (vegetative) 9/16/96 5/12/97 TAXA #/samp g/samp #/samp g/samp Platyhelminthes Turbellaria Tricladida Planariidae Nemotoda Annelida Oligochaeta Haplotaxida Naididae Hirudinea Rhynchobdellida Glossiphoniidae He/obdella fusca Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Sphaeriidae Sphaerium Pisidium Gastropoda Basommatrophora Planorbidae Gyraulus parvus Gyraulus hirsutus Promentus exacuous Physidae Physa integra Physa sayii Ancylidae Ferrisia tarda Mesogastropoda Valvatidae Valvata tricarinata Hydrobiidae Amnico/a limosa Arthropoda Arachnida Acariformes Hydrodromidae Hydrodroma Sperconidae Spercon NA NA <.0001 Table 17. Summary of macrobenthic invertebrates collected from Lamoka Lake, Site #6,9/16/96 and 5/12/97 (see Figure 2 for site locations). Densities and biomass presented per 20 vegetative sweeps.

40 287 Lamoka Lake Site 6 (vegetative) 9/16/96 5/12/97 TAXA #/samp g/samp #/samp g/samp Crustacea Copepoda Harpacticoida 1 <.0001 sopoda Asellidae Caecidotea Amphipoda Talitridae Hyalella azteca nsecta Ephemeroptera Baetidae Paracloeodes Caenidae Caenis Odonata (Anisoptera) Corduliidae Epitheca Odonata (Zygoptera) Coenagrionidae Coenagrion or Enallagma Hemiptera Pleidae Neoplea Trichoptera Polycentropod idae Cernotina Leptoceridae Oecetis Leptocerus Ceraclea Hydroptilidae Oxythira Diptera Ceratopogonidae Sphaeromias Bezzia or Palpomyia CUlicoides Chaoboridae Chaoborus Chironomidae Table 17 (cont.). Summary ofmacrobenthic invertebrates collected from Lamoka Lake, Site #6, 9/16/96 and 5/12/97 (see Figure 2 for site locations). Densities and biomass presented per 20 vegetative sweeps.

41 Lamoka Lake Site 7 (vegetative) TAXA Platyhelminthes Turbellaria 9/16/96 #/samp g/samp 5/12/97 #/samp g/samp Tricladida Planariidae Annelida Oligochaeta Lumbriculida Lumbriculidae NA Hirudinea Rhynchobdellida Glossiphoniidae He/obde/la stagnalis Batracobde/la Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Sphaeriidae Sphaerium Pisidium Gastropoda Basommatrophora Planorbidae Gyraulus parvus Gyraulus hirsutus Promentus exacuous Physidae Physa Mesogastropoda Hydrobiidae Amnicola limosa Arthropoda Arachnida Acariformes Hyd rod romidae Hydrodroma Crustacea, sopoda Asellidae Caecidotea Amphipoda Talitridae Hyale/la azteca Table 18. Summary of macrobenthic invertebrates collected from Lamoka Lake, Site #7, 9/16/96 and 5/12/97 (see Figure 2 for site locations). Densities and biomass presented per 20 vegetative sweeps.

42 289 Lamoka Lake Site 7 (vegetative) 9/16/96 5/12/97 TAXA #/samp g/samp #/samp g/samp nsecta Ephemeroptera Baetidae Parae/oeodes Caenidae Caenis Odonata (Anisoptera) Libellulidae Erythemis Corduliidae Epitheca Odonata (Zygoptera) Coenagrionidae Coenagrion or Enallagma Hemiptera Pleidae Neoplea Mesoveliidae Mesovelia Trichoptera Polycentropodidae Cernotina Leptoceridae Ylodes Leptocerus Diptera Ceratopogonidae Sphaeromias 1 <.0001 Oasyhelea Bezzia or Palpomyia Chironomidae Table 18 (cont.). Summary ofmacrobenthic invertebrates collected from Lamoka Lake, Site #7, 9/16/96 and 5/12/97 (see Figure 2 for site locations). Densities and biomass presented per 20 vegetative sweeps.

43 290 Lamoka Lake Site 8 (vegetative) TAXA Platyhelminthes Turbellaria 9/16/96 #/samp g/samp 5/12/97 #/samp g/samp Tricladida Planariidae Nematoda 1 <.0001 Annelida Oligochaeta Haplotaxida Naididae NA NA Hirudinea Rhynchobdellida Mollusca Glossiphoniidae Glossiphonia complanata Bivalvia Veneroida Sphaeriidae Pisidium Gastropoda Basommatrophora Arthropoda Arachnida Planorbidae Gyraulus parvus Promentus exacuous Physidae Physa sayii Mesogastropoda Valvatidae Valvata tricarinata Hydrobiidae Amnicola limosa Acariformes Limnesiidae 2 <.0001 Arrenuridae Arrenurus Crustacea Ostracoda 1 <.0001 Copepoda Harpacticoida 1 <.0001 Table 19. Summary of macrobenthic invertebrates collected from Lamoka Lake, Site #8,9/16/96 and 5/12/97 (see Figure 2 for site locations). Densities and biomass presented per 20 vegetative sweeps.

44 291 Lamoka Lake Site 8 (vegetative) 9/16/96 5/12/97 TAXA #/samp g/samp #/samp g/samp sopoda Asellidae Caeeidotea Amphipoda Talitridae Hya/e//a azteea nsecta Ephemeroptera Baetidae Parae/oeodes Caenidae Caenis Odonata (Anisoptera) Corduliidae Epitheea Odonata (Zygoptera) Coenagrionidae Coenagrion or Enallagma Lepidoptera Nepticulidae Pyralidae Aeentria ephemere//a Trichoptera Polycentropodidae Cernotina Leptoceridae Oeeetis Y/odes Leptocerus Hydroptilidae Orthotrichia Oxythira Diptera Ceratopogonidae Sphaeromias Dasyhe/ea Bezzia or Pa/pomyia Cu/ieoides Chaoboridae Chaoborus Chironomidae Table 19 (cont.). Summary ofmacrobenthic invertebrates collected from Lamoka Lake, Site #8, 9/16/96 and 5/12/97 (see Figure 2 for site locations). Densities and biomass presented per 20 vegetative sweeps.

45 Lamoka Lake Site 9 (vegetative) TAXA Platyhelminthes Turbellaria 9/16/96 #/samp g/samp 5/12/97 #/samp g/samp Tricladida Planariidae Annelida Oligochaeta Haplotaxida Naididae Tubificidae NA NA Lumbriculida Lumbriculidae NA Hirudinea Rhynchobdellida Glossiphoniidae He/obdella Helobdella fusca Batracobdella Mollusca Bivalvia Veneroida Sphaeriidae Sphaerium Pisidium Gastropoda Basommatrophora Planorbidae Gyraulus parvus Promentus exacuous Physidae Physa sayii Mesogastropoda Valvatidae Valvata tricarinata Hydrobiidae Amnico/a limosa Crustacea Amphipoda Talitridae Hyalella azteca Table 20. Summary ofmacrobenthic invertebrates collected from Lamoka Lake, Site #9,9/16/96 and 5/12/97 (see Figure 2 for site locations). Densities and biomass presented per 20 vegetative sweeps.

46 293 Lamoka Lake Site 9 (vegetative) 9/16/96 5/12/97 TAXA #/samp g/samp #/samp g/samp nsecta Ephemeroptera Caenidae Caenis Odonata (Anisoptera) Corduliidae Epitheca Odonata (Zygoptera) Coenagrionidae Coenagrion or Enallagma Lestidae Lestes Lepidoptera Nepticulidae Trichoptera Polycentropodidae Cernotina Leptoceridae Oecetis Ylodes Leptocerus Hydroptilidae Orthotrichia Coleoptera Curculionidae EUhrychiopsis Diptera Ceratopogonidae Dasyhelea Bezzia or Palpomyia Culicoides Chaoboridae Chaoborus Chironomidae Table 20 (cont). Summary ofmacrobenthic invertebrates collected from Lamoka Lake, Site #9, 9/16/96 and 5/12/97 (see Figure 2 for site locations). Densities and biomass presented per 20 vegetative sweeps.

47 294 increase in benthic biodiversity. However, this is likely due to extraneous factors, such as differences in sampling and processing techniques and the taxonomic level to which some groups were determined. Acentria ephemerella, a larval aquatic moth, and Euhrychiopsis lecontei, an aquatic weevil, were collected in this survey. These organisms are known to feed consistently upon Myriophyllum spicatum (Eurasion watermilfoil). Recent research on E. lecontei suggests that this beetle has the potential to serve as an effective tool in managing milfoil (Sheldon, 1997). Neither of these insects was found in significant numbers; however, harvesting milfoil may have limited their populations. These animals tend to live in the upper portion of milfoil beds, feeding primarily on apical meristems of plants. Mechanical plant harvesting, therefore, has severe negative impacts on the populations of these animals (Sheldon, 1997; Harman et at., 1997). Limiting or discontinuing harvesting may result in a long term, self sustaining means of controlling milfoil. Waneta and Lamoka Lakes seem likely candidates for zebra mussel colonization. Calcium concentrations of approximately 18 mg/l, coupled with ph values of encountered in the Lakes, provide for conditions suitable for these organisms. Given the proximity of these Lakes to infested waters, including Seneca and Cayuga Lakes, and the readily available access afforded by convenient boat launching facilities, a protocol for preventing the introduction of these organisms would seem appropriate. REFERENCES APHA, AWWA, WPCF Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 17 th ed. American Public Health Association. Washington, DC. Butts, W.L Personal communication. Biological Field Station, Cooperstown, NY. Curatolo, Final Report. The aquatic vegetation control program in Schuyler County, p. Schuyler County Soil and Water Conservation District, Montour Falls, NY. Harman, W.N., L.P. Sohacki, M.F. Albright, and D.L. Rosen The state of Otsego Lake, Occasional Paper #30, SUNY Oneonta Bio. Fld. Sta., SUNY Oneonta. Hydrolab Corporation Scout operating manual. Hydrolab Corp. Austin, TX. Johnson, R Personal communication. Cornell University. thaca, NY. Lanciani, C Personal communication. University of Florida. Gainesville, FL. Merritt, R.W., and K.W Cummins (eds.) Aquatic insects of North America. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company. Dubuque, A.

48 295 New York State Dept. OfEnvir. Cons., New York State water quality, Bureau of Monitoring and Assessment. Division of Water. NYSDEC. Albany, NY. Peckarsky, B.L., P.R. Fraissinet, M.A. Penton, and OJ. Conklin, Jr Freshwater macroinvertebrates ofnortheastern J\Jorth America. Cornell University Press. thaca, NY. Pennak, R.W Freshwater invertebrates of the United States, 3rd Ed. John Wiley and Sons, nc. New Yark. Wheat, E A study of the macrobenthos of the eulittoral zone of Otsego Lake. /n 26 th Ann. Rept., Pp SUNY Oneonta Bio. Fld. Sta., SUNY Oneonta.