Surface Firmness: Can we Manage it? Clint Waltz, Ph.D. Turfgrass Specialist
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1 Surface Firmness: Can we Manage it? Clint Waltz, Ph.D. Turfgrass Specialist
2 Measuring Playability What affects play on a golf green? Speed Stimpmeter Long history Easily understandable units (feet) Management fertility, mowing, rolling, irrigation, etc. Firmness
3 Measuring Playability How is firmness measured? Turf Tec Soil strength Penetrometer Instrument scale (1 to 10) Turf Tec Penetrometer Simple / minimal technology Inexpensive
4 Measuring Playability How is firmness measured? Clegg Impact Soil Tester Originally designed for road construction? Hammer size, number of drops Clegg Impact Soil Tester Green injury - depression Measures deceleration gmax (70-120)? Relative to what on a green
5 USGA TruFirm
6 Developed USGA TruFirm USGA s Research & Test Center Dr. Matt Pringle Engineer First used for 2005 U.S. Open Need For ball & club testing Predict bounce & roll characteristics Compare various championship courses
7 USGA TruFirm USGA s Research & Test Center Objective is to maintain the rules of golf pertaining to clubs and balls.
8 USGA TruFirm Possible Means of Testing Ball launcher & high speed video Time & labor intensive Equipment Costly heavy cumbersome damages greens
9 USGA TruFirm Equipment Needed Simple & easy to use Highly portable / lightweight No damage to greens Data Logged Easy to read Understandable units (inch) Applied to all areas of the golf course $7,200
10 USGA TruFirm Design Concepts Considering a full swing golf shot & ball Energy & momentum can not be replicated TurFirm is a compromise between both Land with approx. the same speed in the direction normal to the turf (16 m/s) Replicate size of golf ball 1.68 diameter hemispherical face Clegg similar in principle & technology
11 USGA TruFirm The TruFirm Hammer & guide tube equipped with accelerometer measures force time history of the impact Connected to handheld PC GPS receiver Patent # 7,243,526 B2
12
13 Operation USGA TruFirm 1. Simple, fast & easy 2. Punch some buttons 3. Raise hammer to top 4. Release hammer acceleration is recorded 5. Move to next location Handheld PC
14 USGA TruFirm Operation (Cont.) 6. Download to computer 7. Analyze data & interrupt Data Raw signal saved for each impact Acceleration is integrated to calculate velocity & penetration depth GPS location saved for each impact
15 USGA TruFirm Where used? USGA Championships 2005 US Open 2007 Men s Sr. Open Various other championships PGA Tour
16 USGA TruFirm Where used? Masters Tournament since 2008 The Tour Championship since 2008 The PGA Championship 2011 The Greater Gwinnett Championship since 2013 Liz Murphy Championship 2010 Nationwide Event 2010
17 USGA TruFirm Where used? Turner Field since 2008 Research Trials UGA Griffin & Tifton Clemson University Auburn University
18 USGA TruFirm Testing Protocol Greens Before & after play each day of tournament following all maintenance practices Nine locations within quadrants Masters based on landing areas & pin placement Fairway landing zones & approaches USGA events
19 USGA TruFirm Data
20 Daily Data
21 Daily Data: Statistics
22 Daily Data: Rankings
23 Daily Change & Comparison 0.39 Penetration (inch) Firmness Hole Saturday AM Sunday AM CG
24 Daily Change & Comparison Penetration (inch) Increasing Firmness Hole 2012 weekly average Sep. 21 AM Sep. 21 PM Sep. 22 AM Today's Average
25 Daily Change & Comparison Infield Penetration (inch) Increasing Firmness Aug. 26, 2013 Sep. 09, 2013 Sep. 19, Home Bull Vis. Bull OF Positions Skin-right Skin-left Right Field Leftcenter Rightcenter Left Field Vis. Dugout Home Dugout 3rd Base Shortstop 2nd Base 1st Base
26 Daily Change & Comparison Penetration (inch) Increasing Firmness Hole Apr. 18 AM Apr. 20 AM Apr. 20 PM
27 F9 & B9 Comparison Penetration (inch) Front Nine Back Nine /15 9/16 9/17 9/18 9/19 9/20 9/21 9/22 9/23 Increasing Firmness Date
28 F9 & B9 Comparison Penetration (inch) Front Nine 0.28 Back Nine /14 4/15 4/16 4/17 4/18 4/19 4/20 4/21 Increasing Firmness Date
29 Summary Penetration (inch) Increasing Firmness y = x R² = /15 9/16 9/17 9/18 9/19 9/20 9/21 9/22 9/23 Date Tournament Week Front Nine Back Nine
30 USGA TruFirm What we ve learned Speed and firmness are independent Manage softness, not firmness Change in paradigm Mowing HOC, multiple Rolling SubAir Climatic conditions greatly influence Rain, sunshine, humidity, cloud cover, etc.
31 USGA TruFirm What we ve learned Construction may make a difference Traffic patterns are detectable Thatch affects firmness 3 yrs for a green to standardize Spot checks Questionable Look for trends Consecutive days on all greens
32 USGA TruFirm Role in Turfgrass Management Mapping Irrigation Consistency Construction Measurement of thatch Timing cultivation practices
33 FieldScout TruFirm Spectrum Technologies with cooperation from USGA
34 FieldScout TruFirm Equipment Needed Simple & easy to use Highly portable / lightweight No damage to greens Data Logged Easy to read Understandable units (inch) Applied to all areas of the golf course $899
35 Precision Firmness Meter
36 Precision Firmness Meter Equipment Needed Simple & easy to use Highly portable Data Understandable units (inch) $595
37 Important Dates in 2014 UGA Turfgrass Research Field Day August 6 For other local programs contact your CEA
38 Thank Visit
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