Human Animal Conflict
|
|
- Kelley Hardy
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Special Supplement August 2017 Human Animal Conflict Human and animal conflict has been in news for last five decades in our country. According to data submitted in Rajya Sabha by Government of India (GoI) on 19 November 2016, 1360 people were killed by tigers and elephants between April 2013 and March The figures have almost doubled compared to previous three years ( ). During , a total of 189 elephants and 110 tigers were killed by humans. Along with this loss of human and animal lives, crops, livestock and property were also lost due to conflict. Human Animal Conflict ( 1 )
2 Human and animal conflict has been in news for last five decades in our country. According to data submitted in Rajya Sabha by Government of India (GoI) on 19 November 2016, 1360 people were killed by tigers and elephants between April 2013 and March The figures have almost doubled compared to previous three years ( ). During , a total of 189 elephants and 110 tigers were killed by humans. There is no data about other wild animals. Along with this loss of human and animal lives, crops, livestock and property were also lost due to conflict. Nearly 25,344 livestock animals were killed by wild animals, during the past five year period. Mostly, poor and vulnerable people, such as those from tribal communities, farmers and livestock rearing people etc. who are living in peripheries of the forest areas and villages are becoming victims of conflict and many wild animals have been killed due to this conflict. This tragedy is largely, caused by human beings for various reasons including their survival, progress and greed. If this situation continues, in future human beings may face ecological problems. Though, central and state governments are implementing Acts, Policies and initiatives to address this conflict, the outcome are not at a desirable level. One needs to understand this problem in a comprehensive way to come up with solutions. The rising conflict, between humans and animals is happening across the country. While in some states there is high death rate, due to these conflicts. In states like West Bengal, Assam, Odisha, Jharkhand, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Chhattisgarh and Uttarakhand, human and animal conflicts have become a regular affair; with the highest number of people being killed in West Bengal (307), Assam (250) and Odisha (214) between April 2013 to March The conflicts with wild cats and elephants, mostly occurs in villages and small towns which are situated on the fringe of forest areas. However, leopards are frequently entering in big towns and cities, which are far away from forests. In 2016, leopards entered cities like Gurgaon, Mumbai, Nainital, Meerut and Bhopal. According to the Director of Centre for Wildlife Bangalore, spread of leopards is five times higher than tigers. Human and animal conflict is not only confined to elephants, tigers and leopards, but it is occurring in various forms. Animals like monkeys, bears, antelopes (nilgais), deer, rhino and wild pigs are damaging crops in agriculture fields. Human, livestock animals and wildlife loss is the worst form of the human-animal conflict. An average of 330 sq. Km crop was damaged per year during Conflicts are frequent, in wildlife territorial region, as humans are expanding in the wildlife core zones, by expanding agriculture activities and livestock rearing. Thereby, reducing space for animals, nearly 650 wildlife zones are present in our country. Around 28,000 elephants are estimated to be in the country distributed in 1,09,500 sq. Km. It is equal to 3% of our country s total geographical area. Out of 28,000 elephants, 14,000 elephants live near human habitations and remaining elephants live in Protected Areas (PAs). According to the Tiger Estimation Report (TER), 2016, there are 2500 tigers in the country and out of these, 725 tigers are outside of PAs. There are 661 PAs covering 4.8% of the Geographical areas. They are as follows Protected Areas in the Country S. No Type of Project Number 1 National Parks Wildlife Sanctuaries Conservation Reserves 43 4 Community Reserves 04 Total 661 Human Animal Conflict ( 2 )
3 The government is also planning to establish 27 Elephant Reserves (ERs) in the country in an area of 60,000 sq. Km. There are many causes for human-animal conflict. Depleting forest areas and encroachment of those areas by human beings are the prime causes for this conflict. According, to the Forest Survey of India (FSI), around one-third of dense forest areas have been lost and half of the wildlife corridors have vanished. This situation has led to wild animals unrest, sufferings and brought humans nearer to wildlife territories leading to dangerous situation. Actually, the fault is not of the animals, but of human beings. They are encroaching animals natural habitats to fulfil their needs, for their survival, and also for their greed, which forces animals to enter into human settlements. Human and animal conflict has more specific causes, which are mentioned below. 1. Habitat fragmentation and shrinking habitat: Wild animals require large areas of forest land for searching food, water and shelter. Construction of roads, canals, mining projects and thermal projects are fragmenting wild animals habitats and reducing the size of their habitats. 2. Encroachment of forest areas: Growing population and limited resources are forcing people, particularly local people, towards encroachment of forest areas for agriculture and settlement purposes. 3. Increasing disturbance: People are entering forest areas for fuel wood collection, fodder, water and Non Timber Forest Produces (NTFPs) and livestock rearing. Thus, creating disturbance animals in its natural habitats. 4. Cultivation around wildlife areas and changes in cropping pattern: Local people cultivate crops on fringes of forest areas. The rise in cultivation of commercial crops such as sugarcane, cotton, banana etc., provide opportunity for wild animals to feast on crops and also hide in fields. When the locals, visit their fields, they are attacked by wild animals. 5. Humans expansion into animal s natural habitats for firewood and NTFPs: Forest dwellers, continuous dependence on limited forest resources for various consumption purposes, is pressurizing on animal s natural habitats. As locals are unable to collect various forest based products in peripheral zones of forests, the continuous expansions in core areas is accelerating the conflict. 6. Scarcity of water in summer season and diverting of water natural drainage system in the forest areas: It has been observed and noted, that most of the human animal conflicts occur during summer season. The locals, who enter in core zones for collection of NTFPs, rearing of livestock close to water resources in summer, the attacks are found to be frequent. With the onset of development and its expansion and diversion of water, natural drainage systems are also forcing wild animals to come in search of water. This, is accentuating the conflicts between humans and animals. Human and animal conflict is impacting people s lives, livelihoods, properties, crops, livestock animals and the life of wildlife. Tribal communities, vulnerable, marginalized and poor communities, who are forest dependent and living near and across borders on forest fringes for survival are the victims of conflict. The above communities or their activities are not the main cause for this conflict, large scale development projects, mining industries, roads and canals construction etc., are the main causes for this conflict. This conflict s results are many, which are as follows... Human Animal Conflict ( 3 )
4 1. Loss of wild animals life 2. Loss of human life 3. Crop and other properties damage 4. Injuries to humans 5. Injuries to animals 6. Loss of livestock animals life Government of India (GoI) is providing financial support to state governments and Union Territory (UT) governments under centrally sponsored schemes for Project Tiger, Project Elephant and Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitats. Ex-gratia for wild animals victims is the responsibility of concerned state and UT governments. GoI has been initiating the following activities through state and UT governments to reduce human animal conflict... i. Providing support to state governments for improvement of wild animals habitats by arranging food and water facilities in their natural habitats. It reduces wild animals movements across their territories for food and water. ii. Encouraging governments to create PAs and wildlife corridors for conservation of wildlife. iii. Conducting awareness programs to sensitize people to reduce human-animal conflicts. iv. Conducting training programs to forest staff, police and Community Based Organizations (CBOs) members to address the problems of the human-animal conflict. v. Designing guidelines to state governments for management of human-animal conflict. vi. Providing technical and financial support to state governments for development of necessary infrastructure and other facilities to restrict the movements of problematic animals through tranquilization and shifting them into rescue centers and releasing them back into their natural habitats. vii. Providing needful support to state governments to construct boundary walls or solar fences around sensitive areas to prevent wild animals attacks. viii. Supporting state governments in ex-gratia payments to the victims or the families of those injured or have lost their life in human-animal conflict. ix. Providing support to state governments for establishing eco-development activities in the villages around PAs and facilitation of community participation in Pas management. x. Supporting research and academic institutions and Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) who are working on reducing human and animal conflict. State Forest Departments (SFDs), Wildlife Institution of India (WII), National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) and other research institutions are using devices like radio collars with very high frequency, Global Positioning System (GPS) and satellite etc. Parliament passed Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 for protection of plants and animals in the country. The main objectives of the Act are as follows... Prohibition of hunting of specified wild animals, birds and plants. Setting up and management of national parks and wildlife sanctuaries. Control on trade and commerce in wildlife and wildlife products. In 1982, GoI established Wildlife Institute of India (WII) under Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change Human Animal Conflict ( 4 )
5 (MoEFCC). It is run by Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education. It conducts trainings for managers who work on wildlife protection and management. Addressing the human-animal conflict is a challenging task for governments, CBOs and other organizations. There are two strategies, such as short-term and long-term methods to address the conflict. Mostly, short-term methods are being applied (focus on symptoms or problems) rather than longterm methods (focus on causes). Communities practice traditional methods such as making noise by shouting, beating drums, burning bamboo, bursting fire crackers, putting high voltage lights at the entry point of the fields, making platforms on trees and guarding collectively in fields. Communities are constructing electrical fencing around the fields. West Bengal Forest Department installed a 70 km electric fence to prevent wild animals entry in human habitations. However this is dangerous for wild animals. In some places, due to loss of human life, loss of livestock and crop damage, people are giving poison to wild animals and killing them. Forest department officials are practicing short-term solutions; for instance, whenever they catch wild animals in human habitations and nearby areas, they are leaving them in forest areas or wildlife sanctuaries after catching those animals. But these short-term methods, cannot ensure sufficient results in addressing human-animal conflict. Forest department, alone cannot solve the human animal conflict. The issue needs comprehensive plans and collective efforts from all the key stakeholders which includes Civil Society Organizations (CSOs), agriculture department, revenue department, Integrated Tribal Development Agencies (ITDA), insurance companies and local communities. We can set some good practices in place for reducing human animal conflict in the country. For example, Department of Wildlife Protection, Jammu & Kashmir (DWP, J&K) designed and implemented a community managed method. Department officials identified 100 high conflict villages, 50 moderate villages in the state based on conflict records, and selected five youths from each village. They were trained on human animal conflict management. These trained community professionals take immediate measures in protecting human, animal lives, properties and inform, it to the DWP people. This initiative provides a space for villagers in decision making and implementation of measures to address the conflict. The media sensational reports (Example - Newspaper headline: Elephant Invades City 29 January 1985) are also increasing existing fears in people s minds about wild animals. Local populations have always had symbiotic relationship with their immediate environs surrounding them. Sensational reports are creating a picture as though wild animals are encroaching upon human territory, attacking and killing humans. This has forced local people to demand inappropriate and immediate actions (mostly killing the wild animals). Actually, wild animals are inherently fearful of humans and the attacks of wild animals on human are results of accident, due to sudden appearance of both humans and animals in difficult times. These kinds of situations frighten animals and they react by attacking humans to escape from the place. Attacking a human with intent is a very rare phenomenon. Human and animal conflict has deep rooted causes and cannot be solved immediately or with short-term methods. Directly or indirectly people prefer killing wild animals, which is wrong on many levels. On ethical grounds, every Human Animal Conflict ( 5 )
6 living creature has intrinsic right to live on the planet irrespective of their utility to humans. Particularly, large animals play a vital role in an ecosystem and food web. Disappearance of key animals may lead to disruption of ecosystem. The protection of forest cover is a key aspect in reducing human animal conflict. Increasingly, forests are being cut down to make space for our growing population and its ever growing needs. What we need to understand is that, animals are not invading our spaces, but the truth is that humans have encroached into wild animals natural habitats. It is the key cause behind the conflict. People s representatives, concerned department people, research professionals, CSO s and community have to understand human animal conflict properly and focus on long-term methods along with short-term methods and design wild animals human centred measures. We still do not have a comprehensive understanding about the problem. It requires tremendous political commitment and sensitization of people on wild animals concerns. Human Animal Conflict ( 6 )
A Discussion on Conservation Strategies for Endangered Charismatic Megafauna
1 Lions, Tigers, and Bears, Oh My! A Discussion on Conservation Strategies for Endangered Charismatic Megafauna 2 3 4 5 6 Megafauna Large animal species with widespread popular appeal whose protection
More informationImpact of Preservation of Subsoil Water Act on Groundwater Depletion: The Case of Punjab, India
Impact of Preservation of Subsoil Water Act on Groundwater Depletion: The Case of Punjab, India Amarnath Tripathi 1, Ashok K. Mishra 2, & Geetanjali Verma 3 1 FASAL Programme, Institute of Economic Growth,
More informationMODULE 2. Conservation needs of cheetah and wild dogs and related threats to their survival. Notes:
The previous module provided some key information regarding the conservation biology of cheetah and African wild dog, which is the basis for this evaluation of their conservation needs and what is threatening
More informationKeywords: 7SI/Brown bear/harvest/harvest quota/hunting/malme/management/ mortality/population size/trend/ursus arctos
Ministry of the Environment and Spatial Planning. Management with the brown bear population in Slovenia. Report: 1-6. 2006. Republic of Slovenia, Ministry of the Environment and Spatial Planning. Keywords:
More information9-1 What Role Do Humans Play in the Premature Extinction of Species?
9-1 What Role Do Humans Play in the Premature Extinction of Species? The Natural World is everywhere disappearing before our eyes cut to pieces, mowed down, plowed under, gobbled up, replaced by human
More informationCONSERVATION OF PLANTS & ANIMALS
CONSERVATION OF PLANTS & ANIMALS 32 WINDOW TO OUR RICH BIODIVERSITY After listening to the rich experience of Dr. Ahmed working on Indian Biodiversity, Prakriti and her class mates were highly motivated
More informationCONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA
CoP15 Inf. 5 (English only / únicamente en inglés / seulement en anglais) CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA Fifteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties
More informationMarker, L. (2005). Aspects of ecology, biology and conservation strategies of Namibian farmland cheetahs. Animal Keeper's Forum 7/8.
Marker, L. (2005). Aspects of ecology, biology and conservation strategies of Namibian farmland cheetahs. Animal Keeper's Forum 7/8. Keywords: 1NA/Acinonyx jubatus/biology/cheetah/conservation/ecology/human-wildlife
More informationRoad Safety Infrastructure Facility Standards Indian Context
Road Safety Infrastructure Facility Standards Indian Context Tony Mathew Road Safety Professional Advisor, IRF Tony.maths@gmail.com Contents AH & NH network in India Key Infrastructure Issues affecting
More informationSurvival of the Rarest Subspecies (Tiger) Against the Genetic Diversity: A Challenge to the Ecologists
Cloud Publications International Journal of Advanced Alternative Energy, Environment and Ecology 2012, Volume 1, Issue 1, pp. 39-43, Article ID Sci-78 Research Article Open Access Survival of the Rarest
More informationREPORT ON IMPLEMENTATION OF THE RESOLUTION Conf (Rev. CoP 15) CONSERVATION OF AND TRADE IN TIGERS AND OTHER APPENDIX-I ASIAN BIG CAT SPECIES
SC61 Doc. 41 Annex 6 (English only / únicamente en inglés / seulement en anglais) REPORT ON IMPLEMENTATION OF THE RESOLUTION Conf. 12.5 (Rev. CoP 15) CONSERVATION OF AND TRADE IN TIGERS AND OTHER APPENDIX-I
More informationHealthy Planet. legacy circle
Protecting Wildlife A FOR Healthy Planet Andy Rouse PROGRESS REPORT legacy circle As you will read in this report, last year we marked critical victories for some of Earth s most iconic and beloved species
More informationMy pandas YOUR ADOPTION UPDATE. Conservation. Climate Change. Sustainability. Panda rescue drama
My pandas YOUR ADOPTION UPDATE Conservation Climate Change Sustainability Panda rescue drama susan a. mainka / wwf-canon my pandas field report PANDAMERGENCY Giant panda rescued after nine-hour ordeal
More informationWOMEN ATTITUDE TOWARD LEOPARD CONSERVATION IN GALLIAT BY SHABANA HAIDER WWF-PAKISTAN
WOMEN ATTITUDE TOWARD LEOPARD CONSERVATION IN GALLIAT BY SHABANA HAIDER WWF-PAKISTAN Table of Contents List of contents Page No Summary 1 Introduction 2 Methods and objectives 3 Results 4 Discussion 5
More informationSnow leopard (Panthera uncia) Conservation WWF-India Initiative. Aishwarya Maheshwari Species Conservation Programme WWF-India
Snow leopard (Panthera uncia) Conservation WWF-India Initiative Aishwarya Maheshwari Species Conservation Programme WWF-India Current Status Population: 400-700 (Not precise) Population trend: Stable
More informationMountain Gorillas. International Gorilla Conservation Program (IGCP) Mr. Stephen Asuma, IGCP Country Representative,Uganda.
The Future of Great Apes in Uganda: Mountain Gorillas International Gorilla Conservation Program (IGCP) Mr. Stephen Asuma, IGCP Country Representative,Uganda www.igcp.org Gorilla beringei beringei Mountain
More informationDeer and Deer Management in Central New York: Local Residents Interests and Concerns
Deer and Deer Management in Central New York: Local Residents Interests and Concerns NYS Department of Environmental Conservation Division of Fish, Wildlife & Marine Resources and the Human Dimensions
More informationSumatra Report. Progress Report Camera Traps and New Proposal
Sumatra Report Progress Report Camera Traps and New Proposal Project Coordinator: Bruce Levick Contact: Bruce Levick bruce.levick@gmail.com +62 81261939655 Partners: Berdiri Tulsa Zoo Rufford BKSDA Bengkulu
More informationU.S. Fish & Wildlife Service International Affairs Program
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service International Affairs Program Derek Litchfield Division of International Conservation USFWSInternationalAffairs @USFWSInternatl INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS International Affairs
More informationMining & Petroleum Focus Group Southern Rocky Mountain Management Plan. Synopsis of Focus Group Key Issues
Southern Rocky Mountain Management Plan Page 1 of 6 Synopsis of Focus Group Key Issues Sectors who brought forth issues are listed after the issue in brackets. I. Timeline Completing the plan by June,
More informationChapter 9: Sustaining Biodiversity
Chapter 9: Sustaining Biodiversity Extinction Fossil record shows evidence of extinction as a natural process: background or natural rate of extinction: loss of species at a low rate mass extinction :
More informationChapter 9: Sustaining Biodiversity
Chapter 9: Sustaining Biodiversity Extinction Fossil record shows evidence of extinction as a natural process: background or natural rate of extinction: loss of species at a low rate mass extinction :
More informationExtinction. The real reason dinosaurs went extinct
Extinction Extinction is a natural process Background or natural rate of extinction: loss of species at a low rate Mass extinction : widespread (global) extinction of large numbers of species The real
More informationHuman-Elephant Conflict: Case Study from Balasore and Rairangpur division of Mayurbhanj Elephant Reserve, Odisha, India
International Research Journal of Environment Sciences ISSN 319 1414 Human- Conflict: Case Study from Balasore and Rairangpur division of Mayurbhanj Reserve, Odisha, India Abstract Sandeep Ranjan Mishra*,
More informationSaving China's elephants
ENGLISH CONVERSATION Wednesday 1st and Thursday 2 nd February 18h00 20h00 Saving China's elephants http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/features/6-minute-english/ep-150430 Saving China's elephants
More informationPresentation Eunice Robai. The Endangered Species
Presentation Eunice Robai The Endangered Species Our Vision and Mission Our Mission ANAW mission is to work with Communities, Governments, Partners and other Stakeholders across Africa to promote humane
More informationSnow leopard (Panthera uncia) Conservation: Interface with human WWF-India Initiative. Aishwarya Maheshwari Species Conservation Programme WWF-India
Snow leopard (Panthera uncia) Conservation: Interface with human WWF-India Initiative Aishwarya Maheshwari Species Conservation Programme WWF-India The basic objectives are: Minimize snow leopard-human
More informationStakeholder Activity
Stakeholder Activity Stakeholder Group: Wilderness Advocates For the stakeholder meeting, your group will represent Wilderness Advocates. Your job is to put yourself in the Wilderness Advocate s shoes
More informationCOUNCIL DIRECTIVE 79/409/EC. of 2 April on the conservation of the wild birds
EN COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 79/409/EC of 2 April 1979 on the conservation of the wild birds THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, and
More informationChhomrong Report
Chhomrong Report 23.05. 06.06.2014 AIMS/OBJECTIVES The aim of this field trip was to assess the viability of the area around the village of Chhomrong as the potential release site for a common leopard.
More informationFINAL REPORT BY TIGER RESEARCH AND CONSERVATION TRUST
FINAL REPORT BY TIGER RESEARCH AND CONSERVATION TRUST PROJECT : COMMUNITY LEADERSHIP FOR TIGER CONSERVATION (CLTC) TADOBA ANDHARI TIGER RESERVE 2005-2006. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve
More informationImpact of Climate Change on Bees in the Eastern Forest: Diversity and Adaptations of Organisms
Impact of Climate Change on Bees in the Eastern Forest: Diversity and Adaptations of Organisms Region: Eastern Forests and Woodlands Grade Level(s): 7-9 Time Required: 2 50 minute class periods Focus Question(s):
More informationCOMMUNITY BASED WILDLIFE CONSERVATION AREAS. Creating and Marketing Your Somewhere By Munira Bashir
COMMUNITY BASED WILDLIFE CONSERVATION AREAS Creating and Marketing Your Somewhere By Munira Bashir Map of Africa/Kenya Facts of Kenya Area -580,367 km2 Capital -Nairobi Member EAC -Commonwealth, Commessa
More informationCauses of Tiger (Panthera tigris) Population Decline, and Potential Consequences if the Decline Continues
Causes of Tiger (Panthera tigris) Population Decline, and Potential Consequences if the Decline Continues ABSTRACT: The population decline of the Tiger (Panthera tigris) in the past decades has been a
More informationFLY ASH GENERATION AND UTILIZATION DURING
FLY ASH GENERATION AND UTILIZATION DURING 2016-17 Fly Ash MoEF&CC dated 3 rd November,2009 notification stipulates: Fly ash "means and includes all the coal or lignite ash generated at thermal power plant,
More informationCombatting Illegal. Wildlife. Trade
Combatting Illegal Wildlife Trade Illegal Wildlife Trade Global Partnership on Wildlife Conservation and Crime Prevention for Sustainable Development The value of illegal trade has been estimated at between
More informationOceans Humans both depend on it and threaten it with their activities
Oceans Humans both depend on it and threaten it with their activities Oceans Water covers nearly ¾ of the Earth s surface More than 50% of the world s population lives within an hour of the coast Oceans
More informationJOIN US IN RUNNING WILD WITH THE DAVID SHEPHERD WILDLIFE FOUNDATION! Image Credit: Russell MacLaughlin
JOIN US IN RUNNING WILD WITH THE DAVID SHEPHERD WILDLIFE FOUNDATION! Image Credit: Russell MacLaughlin DAVID SHEPHERD WILDLIFE FOUNDATION Image Credit: Andrew White The David Shepherd Wildlife Foundation
More informationRetaliatory killing of Common leopard (Panthera pardus) in Pir Lasora National Park.
Project title: Human Leopard Conflict Assessment In Pir Lasora National Park Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir,Pakistan PROJECT EXECUTANT: INVESTIGATOR: MUHAMMAD WASEEM MUHAMMAD KABIR WWF-PAKISTAN Retaliatory
More informationCombating illegal trade of scaly giants through community participation in Manipur, India
Combating illegal trade of scaly giants through community participation in Manipur, India A progress report submitted to Rufford Small Grant By Principal Investigator Dr Janmejay Sethy Co-Investigator
More informationREPUBLIC OF LITHUANIA LAW ON WILDLIFE. November 6, 1997 No. VIII-498. Vilnius CHAPTER I GENERAL PROVISIONS
Official Translation REPUBLIC OF LITHUANIA LAW ON WILDLIFE November 6, 1997 No. VIII-498 Vilnius CHAPTER I GENERAL PROVISIONS ARTICLE 1. The Basic Definitions in this Law 1. Wildlife denotes vertebrate
More informationCanon Envirothon Wildlife Curriculum Guidelines
Canon Envirothon Wildlife Curriculum Guidelines Please note: the resources in this document are web links and require an internet connection to access them. Key Point 1: Knowledge of Wild Birds, Mammals
More informationReduction in Biological Diversity Section 4.1 p Section 4.3 p
Reduction in Biological Diversity Section 4.1 p. 57-65 Section 4.3 p. 72-78 Review Ecological Diversity A variety of ecosystems (mountains, forests, deserts) and how they interact together. Community Diversity
More informationFebruary 16- February 23, 2016 No. 392 Editorial Team Deepak Khadka & Sagar Niraula
An Environmental Watchdog Newsletter February 16- February 23, 2016 No. 392 Editorial Team Deepak Khadka & Sagar Niraula For the 392 nd issue, we reviewed 24 news reports from 11 sources and selected 18
More informationCase Study: Big Cats in the Maasai Steppe
This website would like to remind you: Your browser (Apple Safari 4) is out of date. Update your browser for more security, comfort and the best experience on this site. Article Case Study: Big Cats in
More informationEnvironmental Ethics April 12, Lions of the Gir Forest
Environmental Ethics April 12, 2016 Lions of the Gir Forest 1 2 Gujarat State in Western India The Asiatic lion: Panthera leo persica Morphological (Appearance) Differences Longitudinal fold of skin along
More informationUNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES
UNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES 21 st Century Producer: Mary Ferreira Script version: Final Duration: 19 :04 INDIA S TIGERS: A THREATENED SPECIES (TRT 19 04) ANNOUNCEMENTS ( WITHOUT PRESENTER/ANCHOR): Coming
More informationSecretary Game Animal Panel PO Box 9134 Addington CHRISTCHURCH 8243
Date: Secretary Game Animal Panel PO Box 9134 Addington CHRISTCHURCH 8243 RE: SUBMISSION TO THE DISCUSSION DOCUMENT MANAGING NUMBERS OF DEER, CHAMOIS, TAHR AND PIGS As a private individual who actively
More informationEnvironmental Change and its Effects
Environmental Change and its Effects 1 of 22 Boardworks Ltd 2011 2 of 22 Boardworks Ltd 2011 What happens when habitats change? 3 of 22 Boardworks Ltd 2011 Adaptive evolution ensures that individuals within
More informationCOSEWIC Assessment and Status Report for Grizzly Bear Western population (Ursus arctos) in Canada SUMMARY
1 COSEWIC Assessment and Status Report for Grizzly Bear Western population (Ursus arctos) in Canada SUMMARY The COSEWIC Assessment and Status Report for grizzly bears assess the status of Western and Ungava
More informationLIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Chart No.3.3 Showing the number of people killed by wild animals in various districts of Assam from
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS CHARTS Chart No.3.1 Showing the number of people killed by wild animals and snakes from 1875-1927 Chart No.3.2 Showing the number of Cattle killed by wild animals and snakes from
More informationA Brief Activity Report. Chairman
IYB-2010 and Countdown 2010 Celebration A Brief Activity Report By Santosh Kumar Sahoo, Ph.D. Chairman Conservation Himalayas 977/2, Sector 41-A, Chandigarh, U.T.India Tel.: +91 90 23 36 51 04 / +91 17
More informationInvasive fauna impact and eradication: an Australian perspective Dr Pip Masters Envisage Environmental Services
Invasive fauna impact and eradication: an Australian perspective Dr Pip Masters Envisage Environmental Services The Joan Southgate Travelling Scholarship available through AWMS Joan s principal intent
More informationSaiga: Spirit of the Steppe. You can do things every day to be a hero for saiga! by San Diego Zoo Global. Created for the Saiga Conservation Alliance
Saiga: You can do things every day to be a hero for saiga! Spirit of the Steppe Created for the Saiga Conservation Alliance by San Diego Zoo Global What is a saiga antelope? Horns: Male saiga have horns
More informationSection 2: Biodiversity at Risk
Section 2: Biodiversity at Risk Preview Classroom Catalyst Objectives Biodiversity at Risk Current Extinctions Species Prone to Extinction How Do Humans Cause Extinctions? Habitat Destruction and Fragmentation
More information2000 AP ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS
2000 AP ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS 3. Species such as the dusky seaside sparrow, the passenger pigeon, and the woolly mammoth are extinct. Populations of other species have declined
More informationCHAPTER 1 ACCIDENTAL DEATHS IN INDIA
CHAPTER 1 ACCIDENTAL DEATHS IN INDIA Incidence and Rate of Accidental Deaths during the Decade (1997-2007) The incidence of accidental deaths has shown a mixed trend during the decade 1997-2007 with an
More informationMINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND TOURISM
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND TOURISM STATEMENT BY HON. POHAMBA SHIFETA, MP, DEPUTY MINISTER OF ENVIRONMENT AND TOURISM AT THE LAW ENFORCEMENT AND WILDLIFE PROTECTION STAKEHOLDER MEETING 08 MAY 2014, 09h00
More informationCHEETAH PROJECT Cheetah Conservation Fund. Interviewers name Date
CHEETAH PROJECT Cheetah Conservation Fund Interviewers name Date 1. Interviewee: Name: Occupation Owner, Manager, Ranger, Farm employee, Other Age (yrs) Male Female For how long have you worked on this
More informationCASE STU DY: BIG CATS IN. By Dr. Laly Lichtenfeld and Evelyn Kent
Your web browser (Safari 7) is out of date. For more security, comfort and the best experience on this site: Update your browser Ignore CASE STU DY: BIG CATS IN THE MA AS AI STEPPE Building Living Walls
More informationSharing(space(with(big(cats(and(jumbos:(lessons(from( a(tea(garden(landscape(in(west(bengal(
Sharing(space(with(big(cats(and(jumbos:(lessons(from( a(tea(garden(landscape(in(west(bengal( "byaritrakshettry Pic1:Amanwhowasattackedbyaleopardatastreaminsidetheteagarden Themorningsirenatateaestatefactoryushersinanewdayinthelifeofatea
More informationCommunity based management & Co-management in India. Workshop 1 Group Discussion Report
Community based management & Co-management in India Workshop 1 Group Discussion Report 1. Current Status of CBCM in India Coastal Community Organisations India abounds with community organisations that
More informationDOWNLOAD OR READ : WILD LIFE IN THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS PDF EBOOK EPUB MOBI
DOWNLOAD OR READ : WILD LIFE IN THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS PDF EBOOK EPUB MOBI Page 1 Page 2 wild life in the rocky mountains wild life in the pdf wild life in the rocky mountains The biggest difference between
More informationLaw on the Conservation of Species and Biotopes
Disclaimer: The English language text below is provided by the Translation and Terminology Centre for information only; it confers no rights and imposes no obligations separate from those conferred or
More informationChagrin River TMDL Appendices. Appendix F
Appendix F The following are excerpts from the Eastern Brook Trout Joint Venture s Conservation Strategy (Working Draft v.6), Conserving the Eastern Brook Trout: Strategies for Action Found at: http://www.easternbrooktrout.org/constrategy.html
More informationinc SIMON JACKSON Nature conservation Fact sheet 14
Nature conservation Fact sheet 14 Nature conservation 1. Protected sites and species Introduction There are many rivers, lakes and canals as well as animal and plant species that are protected within their
More informationCITIZEN S CHARTER. Brief History & formation. Vision/Mission
CITIZEN S CHARTER Brief History & formation The Jammu & Kashmir Wildlife Protection Department has evolved from the erstwhile Game Preservation Department. In earlier times, the wildlife was managed exclusively
More informationWestern gorilla re-introduction to the Batéké Plateau region of Congo and Gabon
Western gorilla re-introduction to the Batéké Plateau region of Congo and Gabon Tony King 1 & Amos Courage 2 1 - Scientific Consultant, Gorilla Conservation Projects, The Aspinall Foundation, Port Lympne
More informationINTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS
Pakistan J. Zool., vol. 43(5), pp. 993-997, 2011. Population and Conservation Status of Barking Deer (Muntiacus muntjac) in Pir Lasorha National Park and Other Areas of District Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir,
More informationManaging Encounters Between Humans and Coyotes. Guidelines and Information
Managing Encounters Between Humans and Coyotes Guidelines and Information PURPOSE The Highlands Ranch Metro District manages a parks and open space system with more than 2,500 acres of land. These areas
More informationWILDLIFE CONSERVATION IN MALAWI
WILDLIFE CONSERVATION IN MALAWI PRESENTED TO FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE GOVERNANCE STAKEHOLDER WORKSHOP Crossroads Hotel 28 SEPTEMBER 2015 Contents What wildlife is Ownership of wildlife Policy and legislative
More informationCity of Isle of Palms, SC Coyote Management Plan
City of Isle of Palms, SC Coyote Management Plan City of Isle of Palms, SC Coyote Management Plan Purpose The purpose of this plan is to provide a management strategy and guidelines for staff responses
More informationSustaining Wild Species
Sustaining Wild Species tutorial by Paul Rich Outline 1. Why Preserve Wild Species? economic, medical, scientific, ecological, aesthetic, recreational, ethical reasons 2. Current Crisis of Extinction background
More informationFrequently Asked Questions Reintroduction of Bison to Banff National Park
Frequently Asked Questions Reintroduction of Bison to Banff National Park Background For thousands of years, vast herds of plains bison roamed the prairies and the eastern slopes of the Continental Divide,
More informationIndia and Nepal team up to rescue flooded rhinos
https://news.mongabay.com/2017/09/india-and-nepal-team-up-to-rescue-flooded-rhinos/ Mongabay Series: Asian Rhinos India and Nepal team up to rescue flooded rhinos by Moushumi Basu on 5 September 2017 At
More informationSustainable use of wildlife in the context of the GIZ Regional Programme in Central Asia
Sustainable use of wildlife in the context of the GIZ Regional Programme in Central Asia Stakeholder Meeting on the Conservation of Large Mammals in Central Asia 23-25 September 2014, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
More informationManagement History of the Edwards Plateau
Management History of the Edwards Plateau Eco regions of Texas Edwards Plateau 24,000,000 acres About 15,000 years ago, the Edwards Plateau was much cooler and was more forested than today. Pollen counts
More informationVeronica Yovovich, Ph.D. Wildlife Conflict Specialist and Science Program Director Mountain Lion Foundation
Veronica Yovovich, Ph.D. Wildlife Conflict Specialist and Science Program Director Mountain Lion Foundation This is the second workshop we ve had addressing livestock and carnivores. The first was in April
More informationShelly Cotterman Nashville Zoo
Shelly Cotterman Nashville Zoo SAFE was just recently launched in May 2015 AZADV members are uniquely positioned in terms of enthusiasm and educational expertise The focus is on synergistic partnerships
More informationOriginal language: English CoP17 Doc CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA
Original language: English CoP17 Doc. 39.2 CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA Seventeenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties Johannesburg (South Africa),
More informationMinisters uphold their support for snow leopard conservation
PRESS RELEASE Ministers uphold their support for snow leopard conservation All twelve snow leopard range countries attend high-level meeting in Nepal, reiterate their commitment to the objective of securing
More informationSustainable coastal fishery in the Baltic Sea in Jurkalne, Latvia
Sustainable coastal fishery in the Baltic Sea in Jurkalne, Latvia Jurkalne in Latvia can be described as an example of how to activate and find out ways of necessary solutions for solving the problem the
More informationFirst Nations Fish Habitat Program Discussion Workbook
First Nations Fish Habitat Program Discussion Workbook The First Nations Fish Habitat Program is a joint initiative of the Centre for Indigenous Environmental Resources (CIER) and The Southern Chiefs Organization
More informationIMPLEMENTING REGULATIONS OF THE WILDLIFE CONSERVATION LAW. Authorized by the Republic of China Wildlife Conservation Law, amended October 29, 1994.
IMPLEMENTING REGULATIONS OF THE WILDLIFE CONSERVATION LAW Authorized by the Republic of China Wildlife Conservation Law, amended October 29, 1994. CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION Section 1. The following regulations
More informationOREGON DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND WILDLIFE FIELD STAFF RESPONSE FOR COUGAR INFORMATION AND CONFLICT SITUATIONS
OREGON DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND WILDLIFE FIELD STAFF RESPONSE FOR The following information summarizes how Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) field staff typically provides public education on
More informationEcology and Environmental Impact of Javan Rusa Deer (Cervus timorensis russa) in the Royal National Park
Ecology and Environmental Impact of Javan Rusa Deer (Cervus timorensis russa) in the Royal National Park Andrew James Moriarty B. App. Sc. (Hons.) A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements
More informationAnimal Welfare in Wildlife Conservation
Animal Welfare in Wildlife Conservation Dr. Francis Gakuya African Animal Welfare Conference 3 rd October 2017 Outline Importance of wildlife conservation Challenges facing wildlife conservation Factors
More informationTHE WILDLIFE (PROTECTION) ACT, 1972
THE WILDLIFE (PROTECTION) ACT, 1972 (No. 53 of 1972) (9th September, 1972) An Act to provide for the protection of [Wild animals, birds and plants] 1 and for matters connected therewith or ancillary or
More informationComprehensive Deer Management Program Montgomery County, MD. Rob Gibbs Natural Resources Manager M-NCPPC, Montgomery Dept of Parks
Comprehensive Deer Management Program Montgomery County, MD Rob Gibbs Natural Resources Manager M-NCPPC, Montgomery Dept of Parks Deer Impacts Deer-vehicle Collisions (DVCs) Depredation to agricultural
More informationNews English.com Ready-to-use ESL / EFL Lessons
www.breaking News English.com Ready-to-use ESL / EFL Lessons The Breaking News English.com Resource Book 1,000 Ideas & Activities For Language Teachers http://www.breakingnewsenglish.com/book.html New
More informationKnow and Save the Bear
Know and Save the Bear Common Name: Himalayan Black Bear,Moon bear, White Chested Bear Scientific name: Ursus thibetanus Family : Ursidae Category: threatened to endangered species as per the IUCN red
More informationMonday, December 3, 12
Endangered species are like fire alarms. They tell us about problems in our home we call Earth. If we listen to their alarm calls, they could help us improve our lives and the health of our planet. Definitions
More informationMonitoring Asian Elephants and Mitigating Human-Elephant Conflict in the Core Landscape of the Southern/Eastern Cardamom Mountains, Cambodia
Monitoring Asian Elephants and Mitigating Human-Elephant Conflict in the Core Landscape of the Southern/Eastern Cardamom Mountains, Cambodia Mid-term report for the International Elephant Foundation Prepared
More informationCHECKS AND BALANCES. OVERVIEW Students become managers of a herd of animals in a paper-pencil, discussionbased
CHECKS AND BALANCES 5 OVERVIEW Students become managers of a herd of animals in a paper-pencil, discussionbased activity. BACKGROUND White Tailed Deer White-tailed deer have always been a part of the forest
More informationEndangered Species Endangered Species. For More Quality Materials like these visit montessorihelper.com
Endangered Species Endangered Species Photo credit: Sebastian Bergmann/Creative Commons Photo credit: Sebastian Bergmann/Creative Commons Giant Panda Giant Panda Their naturally limited niche in Asia's
More informationRoad safety. REGIONAL COMMITTEE Provisional Agenda item 8.5. SEA/RC70/11 Malé, Maldives 6 10 September July Seventieth Session
REGIONAL COMMITTEE Provisional Agenda item 8.5 Seventieth Session SEA/RC70/11 Malé, Maldives 6 10 September 2017 21 July 2017 Road safety Road traffic injuries constitute a major public health burden with
More informationAnnual Report Ecology and management of feral hogs on Fort Benning, Georgia.
Annual Report 2005 Ecology and management of feral hogs on Fort Benning, Georgia. PROJECT INVESTIGATORS: Stephen S. Ditchkoff, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Forestry and Wildlife Sciences Bldg.,
More informationFCE READING SPECIES. Which endangered species: has had its products replaced by other products? 0: B. is sometimes killed for entertainment?
FCE READING SPECIES You are going to read some information about some endangered species. For questions 22-33, choose from the species (A-F). Some of the species may be chosen more than once. When more
More informationA Silent Tsunami on Indian Road: A Comprehensive Analysis of Epidemiological Aspects of Road Traffic Accidents
. British Journal of Medicine & Medical Research British Journal of Medicine & Medical Research 1(1): 14-23, 2011 SCIENCEDOMAIN international www.sciencedomain.org A Silent Tsunami on Indian Road: A Comprehensive
More informationANIMALS UNIT 1 ACTIVATE YOUR KNOWLEDGE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
UNIT ANIMALS LEARNING OBJECTIVES Key Reading Skills Reading for main ideas; using a Venn diagram Understanding key vocabulary; using your knowledge; reading for details; working out meaning; Additional
More information