Clontarf TKD Student grading criteria

Transcription

1 Clontarf TKD Student grading criteria This student manual for gradings in Clontarf TKD has been created using various sources including historic syllabus requirements based on the Taekwon-do encyclopaedia and adapted to include the recently published requirements set out in the newly published ITA training manual. The requirements for each grade will be tailored by the Instructor to meet the specific requirements for grading at Clontarf Taekwon-do Club. The complete ITA training manual can be purchased at the Club and all students who progress beyond yellow belt are advised to purchase the manual. The manual contains additional illustrative examples which will be of great benefit to students and includes all material that could come up during an ITF examination. Introduction 10 th Kup grading syllabus 9 th kup grading syllabus 8 th kup grading syllabus 7 th kup grading syllabus 6 th kup grading syllabus 5 th kup grading syllabus 4 th kup grading syllabus 3 rd kup grading syllabus 2 nd kup grading syllabus 1 st kup grading syllabus 1

2 Introduction Brief History of Taekwon-do Taekwon-Do differs significantly from other martial arts. In fact, no other martial art is as advanced with regard to the application of Newtonian physics to generate power while executing a technique. General Choi s journey to develop Taekwon-Do began with his prior knowledge of Taek Kyon, the ancient Korean art of foot fighting and his study of Karate in Japan during the Japanese occupation of Korea. Soon after Korea was liberated in 1945, he was placed in a privileged position as a founding member of the newly formed South Korean Armed Forces. The former provided him with a definite sense of creation, and the latter gave him the power to disseminate Taekwon-Do throughout the entire armed forces, despite furious opposition. The emergence of Taekwon-Do as an international martial art in a relatively short period of time was due to a variety of factors. The evils of contemporary society (moral corruption, materialism, selfishness, etc.) had created a spiritual vacuum. Taekwon-Do was able to compensate for the prevailing sense of emptiness, distrust, decadence and lack of confidence. In addition, these were violent times, when people felt the need for a means of protecting themselves, and the superiority of Taekwon-Do technique came to be widely recognised. General Choi's social stature, the advantage of being Taekwon-Do's founder and his wonderful health also contributed to the rapid growth of Taekwon-Do all over the world. General Choi had been born frail and weak and was encouraged to learn Taek Kyon at the age of fifteen by his teacher of calligraphy. In 1938, a few days before he was due to leave Korea to study in Japan he was involved in an unexpected incident that would have made it difficult to return home without risk of reprisals. He resolved to become a black belt holder in Karate while he was in Japan. The skills he required were sufficient protection against those who might seek to do him harm. Not only was he able to return to Korea, but he subsequently initiated the national liberation movement known as the Pyongyang Student Soldier's Incident. Like so many patriots in the long course of human history, his actions aroused the wrath of those in positions of power. He was imprisoned for a time in a Japanese army jail. In January of 1946, he was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the fledgling Republic of Korea army and posted to the 4th infantry regiment in Kwangju, Cholla Namdo Province as a company commander General Choi began to teach Karate to his soldiers as a means of physical and mental training. It was then that he realised that they needed to develop their own national martial art, superior in both spirit and technique to Japanese Karate. With this in mind he began to develop new techniques systematically. By the end of 1954 he had nearly completed the foundation of a new martial art for Korea, and therefore, on 11th April 1955, it was given the name "Taekwon-Do". Although Karate and Taek Kyon were used as references in the course of study, the fundamental theories and principles of Taekwon-Do are totally different from those of any other martial art in the world. General Choi formulated the following basic ideals for the Taekwon-Do practitioners: By developing an upright mind and a strong body, we will acquire the self-confidence to stand on the side of justice at all times; We shall unite with all men in a common brotherhood, without regard to religion, race, national or ideological boundaries; We shall dedicate ourselves to building a peaceful human society in which justice, morality, trust and humanism prevail; The spiritual dimensions of Taekwon-Do can be defined as fusing 2

3 oneself with the ideals of Taekwon-Do and attaining and understanding the full meaning of each of the Taekwon-Do patterns. If we consider ourselves as one with Taekwon-Do, we will respect it as we respect our own bodies and Taekwon-Do will never be used in a dishonourable way. The names of the patterns are derived from the most illustrious people to have been produced by nearly five thousand years of Korean history. A proper understanding of the patterns leads, inevitably to the realisation that Taekwon-Do is a martial art to be used only for self-defence and only in the cause of justice. Tae Kwon Do Tenets of Taekwon-Do It would be fair to say that anyone who has participated in the art of Taekwon-Do would admit how it can have a great effect and a strong influence on a person s life. This would be the case whether they are actively participating in the art, have suspended their training temporarily, or have completely retired from Taekwon- Do altogether. The effect and influence is always there. This can be seen in how the individual uses, applies, and interprets the Tenets of Taekwon-Do, not only in their training but in their everyday life. These tenets come under the following five headings: COURTESY (Ye Ui) INTEGRITY (Yom Chi) PERSEVERANCE (In Nae) SELF CONTROL (Guk Gi) INDOMITABLE SPIRIT (Baekjool Boolgool) It can be seen if these ideals are of any influence on how he or she conducts themselves either in the Dojang as an instructor, student, as a person in their private life, or how they are respected and looked upon by colleagues at their place of work. Before we understand the concept of these titles, we must establish as to what a tenet actually is. In other words, what is its literal meaning? It is defined in the dictionary thus: Tenet (noun) - any opinion, principle, dogma or doctrine held to be true. The last part of the definition indicates that it could almost be held as a belief, passed on to a student from an Instructor or Master. This is confirmed if one reads the founder of Taekwon-Do, General Choi's explanation of the tenets. Let us then examine these important principles or tenets, about which General Choi says, "The success or failure of Taekwon-Do training depends largely on how one observes and implements the tenets of Taekwon-Do which should serve as a guide for all serious students of the art". 3

4 COURTESY (Ye Ui) First impressions; Many an opinion of a person is made on an initial meeting, whether it be in social circles or a work environment. General Choi states that courtesy is an important unwritten regulation in everybody's life in order to maintain a harmonious society. A person should always try to exercise this tenet, not only in their Taekwon-Do training, but also in both their social and professional life. It is of the most importance when being an instructor. On entering the Dojang for the first time, the new student will undoubtedly be influenced not only by how courteous the instructor is to them, but also by how courteous the senior students are to the instructor. This will in turn create an atmosphere conducive for the students to train in. To be constantly courteous and polite in a professional environment can often prove difficult, especially when dealing with a person who does not have the same attitude. However, when one perseveres in courtesy, one will eventually win and gain people's respect in the end. Courtesy can also mean tolerance, for example tolerance of other people s opinions, ideals, and beliefs. This notion is compatible with the Taekwon-Do ideal, found in the student oath, of building a more peaceful world. INTEGRITY (Yom Chi) "Honesty is the best policy". This is an adage that we hear of a lot in life. From a very early age we are all taught to be honest. As we get older, however, many of us find it difficult to uphold. This can be due to the various constraints we find ourselves in during our later life. To seek to achieve integrity and honesty in all areas of your life is a challenge in itself for the simple reason that it is extremely difficult to be honest with yourself. However, the literal definition of integrity can be made to cover a wider scope of interpretation. This can also include: wholeness, entirety, unbroken state, moral soundness and uprightness. With these definitions in mind it can be seen why General Choi's explanation includes the ability to: "define right and wrong and have the conscience, if wrong, to feel guilt". Most people will agree that if as a person, you try to be honest in Taekwon-Do, as indicated in General Choi's explanation of the tenet, this will inevitably reflect in your professional and private life and you will earn respect in all of these different areas. PERSEVERANCE (In Nae) Its literal definition means "to continue readily with or persist in any business or enterprise undertaken". General Choi says: "To achieve something, whether it is a higher degree or the perfection of a technique, one must set his goal, then constantly persevere... One of the most important secrets in becoming a leader in Taekwon-Do is to overcome every difficulty by perseverance". The student of Taekwon-Do must apply this tenet in their training at all times if they are to reach any goal in Taekwon-Do. Whether they are putting in two to three hours training per day to prepare for an important competition, practising for an approaching Kup or Dan grading, trying to perfect the fundamental movements in a pattern or trying to develop the 'theory of power' in the fundamental techniques of Taekwon-Do - all of these tasks require perseverance. Confucius said - "One who is impatient in trivial matters can seldom achieve success in matters of great importance". SELF CONTROL (Guk Gi) All practitioners of Taekwon-Do must be taught that Taekwon-Do is an art of self-defence. It must always therefore be used as a last resort, and then only as a restraint to contain the opponent. With this in mind it is easy to see the importance of this tenet. A loss of self-control can be disastrous for both parties. Taekwon-Do has the reputation of being the most powerful martial art ever devised. This can be measured and proved scientifically and the amount of power that a student develops, even after a short period of training can be devastating and potentially lethal. For this reason, it is simply neither practical nor possible to have "full contact" sparring. Therefore this tenet, along with the others is extremely important both inside and outside the dojang. Lao-Tzu summed up the importance of self-control when he said: "the term of 'stronger' refers to the person who wins over oneself rather than someone else". 4

5 INDOMITABLE SPIRIT (Baekjool Boolgool) This tenet has very deep philosophical meanings. The literal definition of "indomitable" is "that which cannot be subdued", whereas spirit can mean many things, from an essential or active quality of a thing to the essence or vigour of the intellect or mind. General Choi refers to the heroic actions of the 300 Spartans at the Battle of Thermopylae who fought against overwhelming odds and superior forces as an example of indomitable spirit. It is shown when a courageous person and his principles are pitted against overwhelming odds. For example, when a person or in some cases, where a whole people believe that a wrong has been done, or an injustice carried out, their indomitable spirit will always show through. For the Taekwon-Do practitioner, indomitable spirit is essential for their physical, spiritual, and moral development. Tae Kwon-do Oath As a student of Tae kwon-do I shall observe the Tenets of Tae Kwon-do I shall respect the instructors and seniors I shall never misuse Tae Kwon-do I shall be a champion of freedom and justice I shall build a more peaceful world The oath will be read out at the beginning of every grading and repeated by students. All students should know the oath. Patterns Tul The ancient law in the orient was similar to the law of Hamurabi, 'an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth', and was rigorously enforced even if death was caused accidentally. In this type of environment, and since the present system of free sparring had not yet been developed, it was impossible for a student of the martial arts to practice or test his individual skill of attack and defence against actual moving opponents. Individual advancement was certainly hindered until an imaginative practitioner created the first patterns. Patterns are various fundamental movements, most of which represent either attack or defence techniques, set to a fixed or logical sequence. The student systematically deals with several imaginary opponents under various assumptions, using every available attacking and blocking tool from different directions. Thus, pattern practice enables the student to go through many fundamental movements in series, to develop sparring techniques, improve flexibility of movements, master body shifting, build muscles and breath control, develop fluid and smooth motions, and gain rhythmical movements. It also enables a student to acquire certain special techniques which cannot be obtained from either fundamental exercises or sparring. In short, a pattern can be compared with a unit tactic or a word, if fundamental movement is an individual soldiers training or alphabet. Accordingly, pattern, the ledger of every movement, is a series of sparring, power, feats and characteristic beauty. Though sparring may merely indicate 5

6 that an opponent is more or less advanced, patterns are a more critical barometer in evaluating an individual s technique. The following points should be considered while performing patterns: Pattern should begin and end exactly at the same spot. This will indicate the performer s accuracy. Correct posture and facing must be maintained at all times. Muscles of the body should be either tense or relaxed at the proper critical moments in the exercise. The exercise should be performed in a rhythmic movement with an absence of stiffness. Movement should be accelerated or decelerated according to the instructions in the Taekwon-Do encyclopaedia. Each pattern should be perfected before moving to the next. Students should know the purpose of each movement. Students should perform each movement with realism. Attack and defence techniques should be equally distributed among right and left hands and feet. The reason for 24 Patterns in Taekwon-Do: The life of a human being, perhaps 100 years, can be considered as a day when compared with eternity. Therefore, we mortals are no more than simple travellers who pass by the eternal years of an aeon in a day. It is evident that no one can live more than a limited amount of time. Nevertheless, most people foolishly enslave themselves to materialism as if they could live for thousands of years. And some people strive to bequeath a good spiritual legacy for coming generations, in this way, gaining immortality. Obviously, the spirit is perpetual while material is not. Therefore, what we can do to leave something behind for the welfare of mankind is, perhaps, the most important thing in our lives. General Choi leaves Taekwon-Do for mankind as a trace of man in the late 20th century. The 24 patterns represent 24 hours, one day, or all of his life Sparring Matsogi Sparring is the physical application of attack and defence techniques gained from pattern and fundamental exercise against actual moving opponent or opponents under various situations. It is, therefore, not only indispensable to promote the fighting spirit and courage, to train the eyes, to read the opponents tactic as well as manoeuvres, to forge, toughen and develop the attacking and blocking tools, to test his own skills and ability, to learn other movements hardly to be gained from pattern or fundamental exercise. Sparring is the physical application of attack and defence techniques gained from pattern and fundamental exercise against actual moving opponent or opponents under various situations. It is, therefore, not only indispensable to promote the fighting spirit and courage, to train the eyes, to read the opponents tactic as well as manoeuvres, to forge, toughen and develop the attacking and blocking tools, to test his own skills and ability, to learn other movements hardly to be gained from pattern or fundamental exercise. 6

7 The student first encounters sparring at 9th Kup, starting off with 3-Step Prearranged Sparring. When the student is promoted to 7th Kup they learn the more advanced 2-Step Prearranged Sparring and also Semi-Free Sparring. At 6th Kup or Green Belt, the student moves on to Free Sparring, while the next promotion to 5th Kup sees the introduction of One-Step Sparring. In fact, nearly all students are anxious to move on to this phase of instruction. Not only does training become more interesting but for the first time, the student begins to achieve a degree of satisfaction through actual application of these techniques. The danger lies in a student who has not built up a solid basic foundation, developing bad habits that are extremely difficult to lose when the student progresses. This is the reason that the instructor encourages the beginner to learn the necessary patterns and fundamental movements before participating in class sparring, especially tournament. Free Sparring (Jayu Matsogi) Free Sparring is essentially an open combat with controlled attacking and prohibition of attacking to certain vital spots. In free sparring, there is no prearranged mode between the students, and both participants are completely free to attack and defend with all available means and methods with one exception: The attacker must stop the attacking tool just before reaching the vital spot. Because Taekwon-Do is a lethal form of selfdefence, the sparring rules - unlike those of other competitive sports, count only blows focused within two centimetres of a vital spot, instead of counting the number of ineffective blows or the use of sheer brute strength. In sparring, focused blows, speed, power, balance, and strong and accurate blocking, skillful dodging and attitude are taken into consideration. How important is Free Sparring? Taekwon-Do is a martial art because it aims at a noble moral rearmament, good health and a variety of techniques to defend oneself and the weak by discriminating against political involvement and commercialisation to embody a just society. Unfortunately, many false or unqualified instructors, forgetting this true nature of Taekwon-Do, rely on showmanship and overemphasise free sparring to cover up their lack of technique. As a result, their students have a tendency towards arrogance once winning a local or national championship without trying to improve and expand their techniques. Of course, free sparring is a very important part of Taekwon-Do to build courage, experience, sense of victory, ability of performance, and significance of participation and so on. However, it should not be the only focus of the training. A student will see that free sparring is not a real combat and is a very small part of Taekwon-Do due to the following limitations: Prohibition of attacking the vital spots. Limited number of attacking tools. Limited number of attacking areas. Limited space for fighting. Limited number of attacking methods. Safety equipment. No full contact and so on. 7

8 Accordingly, in free sparring, the student can have a chance to exchange less than a dozen fundamental movements, compared to the 3,200 techniques available in Taekwon-Do. This is why General Choi emphasises correct training of fundamental movements rather than free sparring. The training cycle of taekwon-do: Recognition plaque: 8

9 10TH UP GRADING SYLLABUS Examination requirements Exercises Saju Jirugi Hand Techniques Ap joomuk kaunde jirugi Forefist middle punch Parallel stance, on the spot Ap joomuk kaunde jirugi Forefist middle punch Sitting stance, on the spot Ap joomuk kaunde jirugi Forefist middle punch Walking stance, forwards or Bakat palmok najunde makgi Outer forearm low block Walking stance, forwards or An palmok kaunde makgi Inner forearm middle block Walking stance, forwards or Any of the above blocks followed by reverse punch Walking stance, forwards or Foot Techniques Apcha olligi Front rising kick Walking stance. Remain on the spot, kicking with Bakuro cha olligi Outward rising kick the back leg Apcha busigi Front snap kick Walking stance. Remain on the spot, kicking with Yopcha jirugi Side piercing kick the back leg Dwitcha jirugi Back piercing kick Walking stance. Remain on the spot, kicking with Sparring Stance Guard Basic Movement Distance for attack and defence Self Defence Pushing Wrist releases Press ups Number designated by examiner Theory and Terminology White Belt White belt signifies innocence as that of a beginning student who has no previous knowledge of Taekwon-Do 9

10 English Attention stance Parallel stance Sitting stance Walking stance Outer forearm low block Inner forearm middle block Front snap kick Front rising kick Outward rising kick Side piercing kick Back piercing kick Obverse Reverse Footsword Ball of the foot Forefist Inner forearm Outer forearm High section Middle section Low section Korean Charyot sogi Narrani sogi Annun sogi Gunnun sogi Bakat palmok najunde makgi An palmok kaunde makgi Apcha busigi Apcha olligi Bakuro cha olligi Yopcha jirugi Dwitcha jirugi Baro Bandae Balkal Ap kumchi Ap joomuk An palmok Bakat palmok Nopunde Kaunde Najunde You should know the application of all learned techniques You should be able to describe the dimensions, weight distribution and relevant angles of all stances You should be able to name all attacking and blocking tools and show their location 10

11 Additional Questions What does Taekwon-Do literally mean? The art of hand and foot. Tae means foot, kwon means hand and Do means art. Tae Kwon Do Who was the father and founder of Taekwon-Do? Grandmaster General Choi Hong Hi 9th Degree What is a tenet? A tenet is a belief or attitude a person should adopt while training in Taekwon-Do The tenets of Taekwon-Do Courtesy Integrity Perseverance Self-control Indomitable spirit Ye Ui Yom Chi In Nae Guk Gi Baekjool Bolgool Where does Taekwon-Do come from? Korea When was the name Taekwon-Do officially recognised? April 11th 1955 What is the Korean name for the training uniform? Dobok What is the Korean name for the training area? Dojang Stances and Techniques (see ITA training manual for further information and principles) Attention Stance (Charyot Sogi): This is the posture taken for performing the Taekwon-Do bow Feet form a 45 angle Drop the fists down naturally bending the elbows slightly The fists are clenched slightly Eyes face the front slightly above the horizontal line 11

12 Weight Distribution = 50% - 50% Bow posture Bend the body 15 forward Keep the eyes fixed on the person you are bowing to Parallel Ready Stance (Narani Junbi Sogi): Place the outsides of the feet shoulder width apart Keep the toes pointing towards the front. Both fists are brought naturally over the abdomen. Both fists are about 5cm apart and 7cm away from the abdomen. The distance between the elbows and floating ribs is about 10cm. Do not extend the elbows to the side more than necessary. Hold the upper arms forward 30 while bending the forearms 40 upward Weight Distribution = 50% - 50% Walking Stance (Gunnun Sogi): This is a strong stance for front and rear, both in attack and defence. Move one foot to the front or rear at a distance of one and a half shoulder width between the big toes and one shoulder width between the centre of one instep and the other. Over one and a half shoulder width in distance makes the movement slow and weak against an attack from the side and weak against an attack from the front or rear. Bend the front leg until the kneecap forms a vertical line with the heel, extending the opposite leg fully. Distribute the body weight evenly on both feet. Keep the toes of the front foot pointing forward, the opposite foot 25 outwards. Over 25 weakens he knee joint against an attack from the rear. Tense the muscles of the feet with the feeling of pulling them toward each other. When the right leg is bent, the stance is called a right walking stance and vice-versa. It can be full facing or half facing in both attack and defence. 12

13 Sitting Stance (Annun Sogi): This is a very stable stance for lateral movement. It is also widely used for punching exercise and muscle development of the legs. It can be either full or side facing, both in attack and defence. Place the feet apart, with a distance of one and a half shoulder widths between the big toes. Double shoulder width weakens the stance and hampers speedy movement. Point the toes to the front and distribute the weight evenly on both legs. Extend the knees outward, bending until the kneecaps come over the ball of the foot. Infuse the strength into the inner thighs and tense inward by scraping the ground or floor with the side soles. Push both the chest and abdomen out and pull the hip back tensing the abdomen. Outer forearm low block Purpose of block: To intercept the opponents attacking foot or fist aimed at the lower abdomen. The targets of the block are the tibia of the kicking foot or the back of the punching fist. Blocking Tool used: One third of the outer forearm (Bakat palmok) from the wrist to the elbow is used. Inner forearm middle block Purpose of the block: To intercept the opponents attacking tool directed at the solar plexus and areas above. Blocking Tool used: One third of the inner forearm (An Palmok) from the wrist to the elbow is used as the blocking tool in this block. 13

14 Forefist middle punch Purpose of the attack: This punch is used primarily to cause internal haemorrhage rather than surface damage by twisting the attacking tool at the moment of impact. The fore fist is generally used for attacking the philtrum, ribs, solar plexus, chest, abdomen, jaw etc. Attacking Tool used: The main knuckles of the forefinger and middle finger are the punching parts. Front snap kick Purpose of the attack: This technique is used to attack the opponent in the front. The face, solar plexus, abdomen, scrotum, armpit and floating ribs are the targets. The target is varied according to the height and position of the opponent. The front snap kick should not be applied to any target higher than the attackers own solar plexus. It is not only ineffective but the ball of the foot loses its purpose as a smashing tool. The trajectory of the kick, once it passes a certain point, will result in a loss of balance. Attacking Tool used: The ball of the foot (Ap Kumchi) is the attacking tool used in this particular attack. The toes are bent sharply upward at the moment of impact. Front Rising Kick Purpose: This kick is primarily used for the development of flexibility but may also be used to deflect an opponents punching fist by kicking the under forearm or an opponent s foot by kicking the inner tibia. Blocking Tool Used: The ball of the foot (Ap Kumchi) is the blocking tool used in this particular technique. The toes are bent sharply upward at the moment of impact. 14

15 Outward Rising Kick Purpose: This kick is used for the development of flexibility Back Piercing Kick Purpose of the attack: The kick is quite effective for attacking an opponent approaching from the rear. The advantage of this kick is the ability to reach a long distance even without changing the direction of the body. Attacking Tool used: The foot sword is the attacking tool. One third of the edge of the foot, from the heel to the joint of the little toe, is the part used. Side piercing kick: Purpose of the attack: This is one of the most effective techniques for attacking an opponent at the flank. It is used to attack the temple, floating ribs and neck artery. Attacking Tool used: The foot sword is the attacking tool. One third of the edge of the foot, from the heel to the joint of the little toe, is the part used. 15

16 The training cycle of taekwon-do: Recognition plaque: It takes the shape of a turtle which symbolizes longevity. The six colours represent the colours of the belts 16

17 9TH UP GRADING SYLLABUS Examination requirements Pattern chon-ji, Saju Jirugi, Saju Makgi Hand Techniques Ap joomuk kaunde jirugi x 2 Forefist middle punch x 2. Fast Sitting stance, on the spot bbarun tongjak motion Ap joomuk baro kaunde jirugi, Ap joomuk bandae kaunde Forefist obverse middle punch, forefist reverse middle punch Walking stance, forwards or jirugi Bakat palmok najunde makgi, bakat palmok chookyo makgi Outer forearm low block, outer forearm rising block Walking stance, forwards or Sonkal najunde makgi Knifehand low block Walking stance, forwards or Bakat palmok chookyo makgi Outer forearm rising block Walking stance, forwards or Sonkal chookyo makgi Knifehand rising block Walking stance, forwards or An palmok kaunde makgi Inner forearm middle block L stance, forwards or Sonkal yop taerigi Knifehand side strike L stance, forwards or Palmok daebi makgi Forearm guarding block L stance, forwards or Sonkal daebi makgi Knifehand guarding block L stance, forwards or Sang palmok makgi Twin forearm block, L stance L stance, forwards or Foot Techniques Naeryo chagi Downward kick L stance, remain on the spot, kicking with the front leg Yop dollyo chagi Side turning kick L stance, remain on the spot, kicking with the front leg Yopcha jirugi Side piercing kick L stance, remain on the spot, kicking with the front leg Apcha busigi Front snap kick, Walking stance Kick with the back leg and step in front or kick with the front leg and step behind 17

18 Twigi apcha busigi Jumping front snap kick Parallel stance, remain on the spot Dwitcha jirugi Back piercing kick Remain on the spot, kicking with the back leg towards the front Sparring Stance Guard Basic Movement Distance for attack and defence Self Defence Side choke Front choke One and two handed clothing grabs from the front Plus examiners choice of attacks from earlier grades Power Test Apcha busigi (depending on age) Theory and Terminology Chon-ii (19 Movements) Chon-Ji means literally "the heaven and the earth". It is, in the orient, interpreted as the creation of the world or the beginning of human history, therefore, it is the initial pattern performed by the beginning student. Chon-Ji has two similar parts, one to represent the heavens, the other representing the earth. Yellow Belt Yellow signifies the Earth from which the plant sprouts and takes root as the Taekwon-Do foundation is being laid. Terminology L Stance Knifehand Knifehand side strike Forearm guarding block Knifehand guarding block Twin forearm block Knifehand rising block Knifehand low block Outer forearm rising block Downward kick Turning kick Niunja sogi Sonkal Sonkal yop taerigi Palmok daebi makgi Sonkal daebi makgi Sang palmok makgi Sonkal chookyo makgi Sonkal najunde makgi Bakat palmok chookyo makgi Naeryo chagi Dollyo chagi 18

19 Jumping front snap kick Twigi apcha busigi Normal motion Pontonguro 3 step sparring Sambo matsogi Self-defence Hosinsul Power test Wi-Ryok Inward Anuro Outward Bakuro Belt Ti Tenet Jungshin Courtesy Ye ui Integrity Yom chi Perseverance In nae Self-control Guk gi Indomitable spirit Baekjool bolgool Assistant instructor Boosabum Instructor Sabum Master Sahyun Grand Master Sasung You should know the application of all learned techniques. You should be able to describe the dimensions, weight distribution and relevant angles of all stances (see 10thy kup). You should be able to name all attacking and blocking tools and show their location. You should be able to explain the tenets of Taekwon-Do in your own words. Additional Questions What is Taekwon-Do? The scientific use of the body for attacking and defensive techniques, learned through intense physical and mental training. What are the four levels of instructor? 1st to 3rd Degree Assistant instructor Boosabum 4th to 6th Degree Instructor Sabum 7th to 8th Degree Master Sahyun 9th Degree Grand Master Sasung 19

20 What is the student oath? I shall observe the tenets of Taekwon-Do I shall respect my instructors and seniors I shall never misuse Taekwon-Do I shall be a champion of freedom and justice I shall build a more peaceful world What are the sections of the body? High section; From the top of the shoulders to the top of the head Middle section; From the umbilicus to the top of the shoulder Low section; All areas lower than the umbilicus A high block is when the highest point of the blocking tool is at the same level as the eyes of the defender. A middle block is when the highest point of the blocking tool is at the same level as the shoulder of the defender. A low block defends against an attack aimed below the umbilicus. What is the significance in the way that Taekwon-Do is written on the back of the Dobok? It represents the "evergreen tree" in that the tree never sheds its leaves and always shows its true colours. In the same manner a student of Taekwon- Do is expected to aspire always to be at his or her best. Give a basic explanation of sine wave (hwaldung pando)? The body should relax at the beginning of all movements. The centre of gravity is raised allowing for the creation of potential energy which can be converted to kinetic (in movement) energy by dropping, thus increasing the power of the technique. Stances and Techniques (see ITA training manual for further information and principles) L Stance (Niunja Sogi): 20

21 This is widely used for defence, though used in attack as well. The front foot is readily available for kicking with a slight shift of the body weight and with the advantage of half facing as well as body shifting. Move one foot to either front or rear at a distance of approximately one and a half times the shoulder width from the foot sword of the rear foot to the toes of the front foot forming almost a right angle. It is recommended that the toes of both feet point about 15 inward. The front heel should be placed beyond the heel of the rear foot about 2.5cm to gain better stability. Bend the rear leg until the kneecap forms a vertical line with the toes, bending the front leg proportionally. Keep the hip aligned with the inner knee joint. The ratio of the body weight is about 70 per cent on the rear leg and 30 per cent on the front leg. When the right leg is most bent it is called a right L Stance and vice-versa. It is always half facing both for attack and defence. Knifehand low block (Sonkal Najunde Makgi) Purpose of block: To intercept the opponents attacking foot aimed at the lower abdomen. The targets of the block are the inner or outer tibia of the kicking foot or the Achilles tendon if used in sitting or x-stance. Blocking Tool used: The knife hand (Sonkal) is the blocking tool used. The tool is from the wrist to the main knuckle of the little finger. Outer forearm rising block (Bakat Palmok Chookyo Makgi): Purpose of the block: The main purpose of this technique is to protect the forehead or skull from a downward strike with a club, pole or hand. It can be used in nearly all stances. Blocking Tool used: One third of the outer forearm (Bakat Palmok) from the wrist to the elbow is used as the blocking tool in this block. 21

22 Knifehand rising block (Sonkal Chookyo Makgi): The method of blocking and stances used are the same as that of an outer forearm rising block. The distance between the thumb and forehead is 7 centimetres. Knifehand Middle Outward Strike (Sonkal Kaunde Bakuro Taerigi): Purpose of the attack: To destroy or break the bone, muscle or vital spots with the attacking tool. Attacking Tool used: The knife hand (Sonkal) is the attacking tool used. The tool is from the wrist to the main knuckle of the little finger. Knife-hand middle guarding block (Sonkal Kaunde Daebi Makgi): Purpose of block: To intercept the opponents attacking tool directed at the solar plexus and areas above. This block is useful as one can position themselves in a half facing position and protect the body completely with both hands. Blocking Tool used: The knife hand (Sonkal) is the blocking tool used. Forearm middle guarding block (Palmok Kaunde Daebi Makgi): Purpose of block: To intercept the opponents attacking tool directed at the solar plexus and areas above. This block is useful as one can position themselves in a half facing position and protect the body completely with both hands. Blocking Tool used: One third of the outer forearm (Bakat Palmok) from the wrist to the elbow is used as the blocking tool in this block. Twin forearm block (Sang Palmok Makgi): Purpose of the block: This technique is used to block a simultaneous attack from the front and the side. The side blocking forearm performs a middle block. Although the rising block may be effective against an attack to the forehead, the side block is the primary one. 22

23 Blocking Tools used: One third of the outer forearms (Bakat Palmok) from the wrist to the elbow are used as the blocking tools in this block. Side Block (Middle Block): The fist reaches the same level as the shoulders of the defender. The body becomes half facing the opponent. Front Block (Rising Block): The fist should be slightly higher than the elbow. The distance between the inner forearm and the forehead is about 7cm with the elbow bent at a 45 angle. The inner forearm reaches the same level as the forehead. Fore fist high punch (Ap Joomuk Nopunde Jirugi): This technique follows the same principles as Forefist Middle Punch (Ap Joomuk Kaunde Jirugi) p15 with the following exceptions: 23

24 The training cycle of taekwon-do: Recognition plaque: It takes the shape of a turtle which symbolizes longevity. The six colours represent the colours of the belts 24

25 8TH UP GRADING SYLLABUS Examination requirements Patterns Dan-Gun, Chon-Ji Hand Techniques Ap joomuk kaunde jirugi (x2) Forefist middle punch (x2) Sitting stance, on the spot Yonsok tongjak Continuous motion Sun sonkut tulgi Straight fingertip thrust Walking stance, forwards or Dung joomuk nopunde yop taerigi Backfist high side strike Walking stance, forwards or Bakat palmok nopunde yop makgi Outer forearm high side block Walking stance, forwards or Bakat palmok nopunde haechyo makgi Outer forearm high wedging block Walking stance, forwards or Ap cha busigi & ap joomuk baro and bandae kaunde jirugi pparun tongjak Front snap kick & forefist obverse and reverse middle punches. Fast motion The fast motion applies to the punches. Kick with the back leg and land in front or kick with Bakat palmok najunde makgi, bakat palmok chookyo makgi, Yonsok tongjak Outer forearm low block, outer forearm rising block continuous motion the front leg and step behind Walking stance, forwards or Foot Techniques Unless directed otherwise, perform all kicks from L stance forearm guarding block Twigi apcha busigi Jumping front snap kick Kick with the back leg and land in front Ap bandae dollyo chagi Front reverse turning kick Remain on the spot, kicking with the front leg Naeryo chagi Downward kick Kick with the back leg and land in front or kick with the front leg and step behind Dwitcha jirugi Back piercing kick Kick with the back leg and land in front Yopcha jirugi Side piercing kick Kick with the back leg and land in front or kick with the front leg and step behind Dollyo chagi Turning kick Remain on the spot, kicking with the back leg Free Sparring, Special Technique, Power Test, Self Defence. 25

26 Theory and Terminology Dan-Gun (21 Movements) Dan Gun is named after the holy Dan Gun, the legendary founder of Korea in 2333 BC. Terminology Straight fingertip thrust Backfist high side strike Outer forearm high side block Outer forearm high wedging block Front reverse turning kick Thrust Fingertip Continuous motion Fast motion One Two Three Four Five Six Seven Eight Nine Ten Sun sonkut tulgi Dung joomuk nopunde yop taerigi Bakat palmok nopunde yop makgi Bakat palmok nopunde haechyo makgi Ap bandae dollyo chagi Tulgi Sonkut Yonsok tongjak Bbarun tongjak Hanna Dool Set Net Dasot Yosut IL gup Yodul Ahop Yol You should know the application of all learned techniques You should be able to describe the dimensions, weight distribution and relevant angles of all stances You should be able to name all attacking and blocking tools and show their location You should be able to bow in a class showing respect to the instructor 1. First stand at attention and shout 'Charyot' 2. Check that all of the class have come to attention 3. Say: a. Boosabum Nimgeh (for 1st 3rd degree) b. Sabum Nimgeh (for 4th 6th degree) c. Sahyun Nimgeh (for 7th 8th degree) d. Sasung Nimgeh (for 9th degree) 4. Shout 'Kyong Ye', everyone will bow to the instructor while saying 'Taekwon'. 26

27 You should be able to demonstrate and give the reasons for the Taekwon-Do handshake. 1. To show that you have no hidden agenda 2. To show the weight of your respect for the other person Additional questions What animal is symbolic in Taekwon-Do? The turtle. It has for centuries been the symbol of longevity in the Orient. The ITF plaque represents the turtles shell. What are the reasons the Taekwon-Do belt (Ti) wraps around the waist only once, unlike many other martial arts? You should pursue one goal once determined until its completion (Ohdoilkwan) You should serve one master with unshakable loyalty (Ilpyondanshim) You should gain victory with one blow (Ilkyokpilsung) This was decided at a meeting of the ITF board of directors on July 1st 1985 Why are there 24 patterns in Taekwon-Do? There are 24 hours in a day. One day represents your whole life and full time devotion to Taekwon- Do. The life of a human being perhaps 100 years can be considered as a day when compared with eternity. Therefore we mortals are no more than simple travellers who pass by the eternal years of an aeon in a day. It is evident that no one can live more than a limited amount of time. Nevertheless most people foolishly enslave themselves to materialism as if they could live for thousands of years. And some people strive to bequeath a good spiritual legacy for coming generations, in this way gaining immortality. Obviously the spirit is perpetual while material is not. Therefore what we can do to leave behind something for the welfare of mankind is perhaps the most important thing in our lives. Here I leave Taekwon-Do for mankind as a trace of man in the late 20th century. The 24 patterns represent 24 hours, one day, or all my life. General Choi Hong Hi, (Taekwon-Do Encyclopeadia, 1999 Ed.) Explain fast motion Fast motion is where two movements are performed in quick succession each with a sharp fast breath and with a half sine wave for the second movement. 27

28 Explain continuous motion Continuous motion is where two movements are performed with full sine wave for each movement but with one continuous breath. More than two movements may be performed in continuous motion but in these cases a half sine wave is performed in between each movement. Additional Techniques (see ITA training manual for further information and principles) Outer forearm high side block (Bakat Palmok Nopunde Yop Makgi): Purpose of block: This is used to intercept the opponents attacking tool aimed at the neck or points above. Blocking Tool used: One third of the outer forearm (Bakat Palmok) from the wrist to the elbow is used as the blocking tool in this block. Outer forearm high wedging block (Bakat Palmok Nopunde Hechyo Makgi): Purpose of block: This technique is used to block a twin fist vertical punch, twin fore-knuckle fist punch or twin knife hand inward strike, while preventing the neck, head or lapel from being grabbed. Blocking Tools used: One third of the outer forearms (Bakat Palmok) from the wrist to the elbow are used as the blocking tools in this block. Straight Fingertip Thrust (Sun Sonkut Tulgi): Purpose of the attack: This technique is delivered with the intention to cut through the vital spot with less twisting of the attacking tool. This is executed mainly from a walking stance, but occasionally from a parallel, sitting or x-stance. Straight fingertip thrust is used to thrust to the opponent's solar plexus or abdomen. Attacking Tool used: The fingertips (Sonkut) are the attacking tools. The usage of it varies according to the target. The form of it is just the same as a knife hand. Back Fist High Side Strike (Dung Joomuk Nopunde Yop Taerigi): Purpose of the attack: This technique is primarily used for attacking the skull, forehead, temple, philtrum and abdomen, with the floating ribs and epigastrium secondary targets. 28

29 Attacking Tool used: The main knuckles of the forefinger and middle finger are the parts used for back fist (Dung Joomuk). Turning Kick (Dollyo Chagi): Purpose of the attack; This is one form of a smashing kick, the purpose being similar of striking techniques of the hand. The face, solar plexus and scrotum are the primary targets while the armpit temple and neck are secondary targets. The turning kick is ideal for attacking an opponent at the side front. The turning must be performed from a suitable position, and if the position is awkward for this kick, the attacker must swiftly move into a suitable position. The kick is normally executed from the rear foot, though occasionally the front foot. Attacking Tool used: The ball of the foot (Ap Kumchi) is the attacking tool used in this particular attack. The toes are bent sharply upward at the moment of impact. 29

30 The training cycle of taekwon-do: Recognition plaque: It takes the shape of a turtle which symbolizes longevity. The six colours represent the colours of the belts 30

31 7TH UP GRADING SYLLABUS Examination requirements Patterns Do-San, Dan-Gun, Chon-Ji Hand Techniques Dollimyo makgi Circular block Walking stance, forwards Sonkal anuro nopunde taerigi Knifehand inward high strike L stance, forwards or Ap joomuk kaunde yop jirugi Forefist middle side punch Fixed stance, forwards or Sonkal yop taerigi Knifehand side strike Sitting stance, stepping sideways (foot to foot) Dung joomuk nopunde yop taerigi Back fist high side strike Sitting stance, stepping sideways (foot to foot) Palmok daebi makgi Forearm guarding block L stance, stepping sideways (foot to foot) Foot Techniques; Unless directed otherwise, perform all kicking techniques from L stance, forearm guarding block ljung yopcha jirugi Double side piercing kick Bending ready stance. After the kicks, land in L stance with forearm guarding block 'Goro' chagi Hook kick Remain on the spot, kicking with the front leg Dollyo chagi Bandae dollyo chagi Reverse turning kick 180, slow Kick with the back leg and land in front 180 0, neurin tongjak motion Twigi yop-dollyo chagi Jumping side turning kick Remain on the spot, kick with the front leg Twigi naeryo chagi Jumping downward kick Remain on the spot, kick with the front leg Mikulmyo yop-dollyo chagi Sliding side turning kick Kick with the front leg, sliding forwards Prearranged Sparring 4 elements of Sambo matsogi Power Test Dollyo chagi Ap joomuk jirugi Free Sparring In addition to principles from earlier grades: Defence with front leg Defence with movement and counterattack Special Technique Twimyo nopi yop cha jirugi 31

32 Self Defence Front choke against wall Front headlock Swing punch Plus examiners choice of attacks from earlier grades Theory and Terminology Do-San (24 Movements) Dan Gun is named after the holy Dan Gun, the legendary founder of Korea in 2333 BC. Green Belt Green signifies the plant's growth as Taekwon-Do skills begin to develop Terminology Bending ready stance Guburyo joonbi sogi Fixed stance Gojung sogi Circular block Dollimyo makgi Knifehand high inward strike Sonkal nopunde anuro taerigi Release from hold Jap yosul tae Reverse turning kick Bandae dollyo chagi "Hook" kick Goro chagi Jumping downward kick Twigi naeryo chagi Jumping side turning kick Twigi yop dollyo chagi Sliding side turning kick Mikulmyo yop dollyo chagi Flying high side piercing kick Twimyo nopi yop cha jirugi Slow motion Neurin tongjak Double Ijung Sliding Mikulmyo Conditioning Dallyon Backheel Dwichook You should know the application of all learned techniques You should be able to describe the dimensions, weight distribution and relevant angles of all stances You should be able to name all attacking and blocking tools and show their location 32

33 Additional Questions What is the difference between a punch, strike and thrust? A punch is used primarily to cause internal haemorrhage rather than surface damage and fully utilises the twisting of the attacking tool. A strike is used to destroy or break bone or muscle tissue. A thrust is used to "cut" through the vital spot with the least twisting of the attacking tool. What is the importance of prearranged sparring? Through prearranged sparring the student learns; correct distance, application of technique, improves stances, accuracy, power, focus, timing and learns to coordinate with a partner. What are the three lines of the body? a. Centre line b. Chest line c. Shoulder line Explain the points scoring system for sparring One point is scored for any hand technique to a legal target Two points are scored tor any kick to a legal target on the body Three points are scored for any kick to the legal areas of the head Explain the scoring system for patterns Pattern competition takes place between two competitors performing simultaneously. Colour belts typically perform one pattern of their choosing. Black belts perform two patterns, the first chosen at random from among the patterns of their grade while the second is randomly chosen from the remaining patterns up to their current grade. Competitors start with a perfect score of 10 points per pattern performed. Judges make deductions in 0.5 and 1 point increments during the performance based on the errors they observe. 33