Using a rotating training simulator to train rotational movements in aikido techniques
|
|
- Roland Floyd
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Journal of Combat Sports and Martial Arts MEDSPORTPRESS, 2013; 1(2); Vol. 4, DOI: / Using a rotating training simulator to train rotational movements in aikido techniques Andrzej Mroczkowski Faculty of Physical Education, University of Zielona Gora, Poland Key words: rotating training simulator, teaching methodology, rotational movement, aikido Summary Background. The aim of the study is to present the opportunities of using a rotating training simulator to practice aikido techniques involving rotational movements. Material and methods. 49 male students aged years participated in the experiment. The subjects were divided into two groups. The experimental group A comprised 24 subjects while the comparative group B comprised 25 subjects. The students were taught ryokatadori kokyo nage technique. The experimental group additionally used rotating training equipment. Correct performance of a technique was scored using 1-10 point scale. The assessment was based on film analysis. Among the students from the experimental group a survey was carried out to study their opinions on using a rotating training simulator in learning aikido techniques involving rotational movements. Results. Group A obtained a significantly higher mean score for aikido technique performance compared with Group B. It was found that the results obtained from both groups significantly differed for p<0.05. The survey results indicate that the subjects using the training simulator confirmed the efficiency of this device to learn aikido techniques involving rotational movements. Conclusions. Using the training simulator enabled quicker acquisition of aikido techniques. The presented rule of the rotating training simulator and the survey results indicate that this device can be used in teaching/learning aikido techniques involving rotational movements. Using the training simulator resulted in a more effective shortening of the circle radius where the practitioners moved, thus increasing the value of the centrifugal force acting on the attacker. It is also possible to eliminate such errors as excessive head and trunk horizontal tilt while performing ryokatadori kokyo nage technique in randori style. Introduction In martial arts and combat sports the techniques often involve rotational movements, both of the attacker and defen - der. The competitors performing a rotational technique must properly guide their bodies by an adequate input of their own strength and properly use external forces of the rival. When spe - cific movements are performed, the centre of gravity should be properly maintained for movement safety. A sudden loss of balance can result in falling, enabling the rival to take advantage of it. In literature there are no descriptions of devices that could prepare combat sports competitors for their body re - sponse to rotational motion. The device should also help the competitor understand how the movements of particular body segments affect physical parameters reflecting rotational motion, such as angular velocity and centrifugal force. This paper presents the new equipment to be used for this purpose, namely the rotating training simulator [1]. Aikido is a martial art often involving rotational movements when fighting [2,3]. Biomechanical analysis explains that a proper performance of this movement by the defender allows taking advantage of the attacker s strength [3]. The aim of this study is to present the potential of the rotating training simulator to teach/learn aikido techniques involving rotational movements. Material and methods The sample comprised 49 males aged years, divided into two groups. The experimental group (Group A) comprised 24 subjects and the control group 25 subjects. The subjects were randomly selected among the physical education students. The study was carried out in Before, the students selected for the study participated in martial arts classes according to the curriculum. Prior to the classes, none of the studied subjects trained aikido. During the study, the subjects were taught ryokatadori kokyo nage technique [4]. This technique is often used to perform randori. The name of this aikido technique implies neutralizing a specific attack [5]. Neutralizing is also connected with execution of a specific task involving movement. As randori is performed by several attackers, attack neutralizing involves movements rather than immobilization [2]. 35
2 Mroczkowski A.,The rotating training simulator in practise of judo The way of neutralizing the attack in the applied technique ended with a throw in the reported experiment. After learning safe falls, necessary with aikido technique performance, the subjects were taught ryokatadori kokyo nage technique in one month. During this training, the experimental group additionally performed exercises on the rotating training simulator. After the training period, technique performance was assessed according to the model presented by the trainer. Technique performance was scored on a 1-10 scale, used earlier by the author [4,5]. The final score was established by two experienced aikido instructors. The assessment was based on the analysis of the film recorded during the test of randori technique performance. A survey was conducted in the experimental group to study the subjects opinions on using the rotating training simulator in aikido training, involving techniques with rotational movements. The rotating training simulator applied in the study can be operated in two modes. The first mode calculates the moment of subject s inertia. The device consists of a rotating platform, which is set in motion by a falling weight to calculate the moment of inertia. This way of calculating the moment of inertia has been already used by Griffiths et al. [6]. During the experiment, the training simulator was operated in the second mode, called the training mode. The subject assumed a specific position on the rotating platform (Fig. 1) holding metal bars. The platform with the subject was driven by the electric engine to obtain a selected rotating frequency. After obtaining the desired frequency by the clutch, the electric power feed was switched off. Then the platform rotated itself. With the power feed switched off, it was also possible to drive the subjects on the training simulator using external forces, e.g., by pushing the bars in a proper way. After obtaining a specific rotating frequency, the subject moved closer of farther from the bars. Gripping the bard may imitate grabbing the attacker s judogi. The dynamics of the ryokatadori kokyo nage technique, selected for the study during the attack of several competitors while performing randori is based on using the attackers speed. The defender in randori makes the attacker perform ro-tational motion by leaving the attack line in a proper way [2]. The defender tries to be the closest possible to the centre of rotational motion while the attacker tries to be on the peri - phery. The mass arrangement of the competitors is in accordance with the parallel axis theorem by Steiner [3]. With some approximation, we can say that that the rule of rotation mo - ment is fulfilled. The defender, to increase the angular velo - city, has to reduce the subjects mass inertia moment optimally by reducing the distance between his body segments from the rotation axis. The frequent errors while performing this technique are due to the fact that the competitors fail to fulfil this rule. The trunk should not by excessively tilted horizontally as the inertia moment is not adequately reduced as related to the vertical common rotation axis of the subjects [3].The trunk should Fig. 1. Using the rotating training simulator in the training mode. 36
3 Mroczkowski A.,The rotating training simulator in practise of judo be optimally maintained in a vertical position to significantly reduce the inertia moment. It is also important to reduce the rotational motion radius where the defendant moves. Its gravity centre should be the closest possible to the rotation axis of the movement [3]. The competitors often fail to understand the rules of rotational motion mechanics laws. The rotating training simulator allows testing the applicability of these rules. The most important elements of ryokatadori kokyo nage technique can be simulated during training on this simulator. The subject, standing at a long distance from the bars (Fig. 1) he gripped after obtaining the adequate speed, moved optimally towards the centre of the rotating platform. The correct position assumed during exercising resembled the natural shizen-tai position, recommended in aikido or judo [7,8]. By shifting towards the centre of the platform, the subject re - duced his total mass inertia moment as well as the total mass inertia moment of the rotating parts of the device, causing an increase in angular velocity, according to the rule of maintaining the rotation moment. This exercise could either be performed correctly, as presented by the trainer or incorrectly, by the subject tilting the head and trunk horizontally or inadequately reducing their distance from the rotation axis. This made the subject notice the changes in his angular velocity when they were big and when they were small. During the next stage of exercise, two subjects stood on the rotating platform, coming closer or further to the rotation axis as required, holding the bars. They were told to come close to the centre of the rotational motion when performing the defender s technique. This causes an increase of the centrifugal force exerted on the attacker [3]. The simulator makes the subjects aware of the relationship between the changes in angular velocity and the changes in the distance between the subject s body segments and the rotation axis. Rotational motion of the platform allows obtaining the speed, simulating the speed of the subjects movements when performing ryokatadori kokyo nage technique in randori style. Under training conditions, the attackers chase the defender who tries to move with an adequate speed, performing rotational movements. In this experiment, due to the subjects little experience, the defender s techniques were assessed during two competitors attack. The attackers were not allowed to oppose or counter the technique performed by the defender. During the assessment, the subjects having similar body height and body weight were selected. When the technique is correctly performed, the re - sultant force, consisting of the centrifugal force and the force from a proper transmission of the defender s weight acts on the attacker [3]. During the experiment, the assessment considered adequate performance of the technique to obtain the desired centrifugal force acting on the attacker. The transmission of force originating from the defender s weight was not analysed as, according to the author, only the competitors who train for a longer time have acquired this skill. The analysis of scores obtained for aikido technique performance in each group was carried out using Student-t test for independent variables. Results In both groups, the mean score for aikido technique performance was established. Group A obtained a significantly higher mean value, as compared with Group B, for technique performance. At the same time it was found that the between group differences were statistically significant for p<0.05. The results of the survey conducted among the subjects exercising on the rotating training simulator showed that 95 % of the subjects confirmed the effectiveness of the simulator in aikido training involving rotational motion. 100% of the subjects re - ported they had never used the device that would allow them to learning their body responses to rotational motion when learning the techniques involving rotation. 92% believed that thanks to the training on the simulator, they knew what movements to perform to increase or decrease their angular velo - city in the rotating technique. 95% believed that exercising on the rotational training simulator could be useful for the development of movement habits, necessary for adequate technique performance. Fig. 2. The mean scores obtained from the students in both groups for aikido technique performance. A statistically significant difference was found for p<
4 Discussion The rule of rotating training simulator workout shows the opportunities of using this equipment to train martial arts techniques involving rotational motion. During the experiment in Group A, a significantly higher mean value was obtained for aikido technique performance. The subjects from this group significantly more seldom made the error of excessive horizontal tilt of the trunk while performing the technique and better reduced the radius of motion while moving on it. According to the author, such good results are due to exer cising on the rotating training simulator. In the reported experiment, the correctness of body position was assessed in the subjects while they performed the technique. The significance of maintaining a correct posture during execution of the reported technique has been noticed by many researchers dealing with judo and aikido [3,8,9]. Kano assumed that judo he created should not only de - velop as a sport discipline, but also as a comprehensive martial art. Excessive horizontal head and trunk tilt was considered incorrect during the practice on the rotating training simulator. Assuming such a position by competitors is frequent in judo [9]. The creator of judo was against assuming this position too often. He believed that it reduced the chance of quick counter-technique execution in real fight, before e.g. kicks or blows with hands. At the end of his life, he hoped that judo would develop as a martial art to be applied as a defence against various attacks, not only in judo sport practice. More - over, he emphasised the significance of assuming a natural body posture during fight, the so called shizen-tai in the future development of this discipline [8]. We can conclude that as - sum ing such a position in the reported experiment, with a pro - per shift of the subject s gravity centre towards the rotation axis of the simulator platform, enabled a proper increase of the platform angular velocity while exercising. According to Kano, assuming a correct position facilitates quick application of the technique and avoiding the rival s techniques. He also thought that further development of judo should involve inclusion of kendo elements in training [9,10] in which a correct body posture is necessary for quick moving. The survey results suggest that the subjects exercising on the rotating training simulator considered the device to be very useful in learning aikido techniques involving rotational motion. According to the author, the rotating training simulator can serve not only perfection of some elements of aikido techniques involving rotational motion, but also to learn the competitor s responses to rotational movement performance, particularly to sudden changes in acceleration being part of this movement. In combat sports, e.g. in judo or wrestling, when throwing techniques are executed, the rival often forces rotational movements. A delayed response to a sudden rotational movement can be the reason of losing fight. Learning proper body responses to rotational motion through exercising on the rotating training simulator may be important for the competitor s development in combat sports. Kalina, among the main approaches in combat sports [11], describes the strength pre - Mroczkowski A.,The rotating training simulator in practise of judo valence approach used during the decisive fight. Winning is possible even when the competitor s strength is lower than that of the rival s. From the point of view of mechanics, it is possible through correct execution of the technique involving rotational motion [3]. Correctly executed techniques can in crease external forces acting on the rival. The results obtained in the experiment indicate that exercising on the rotating training simulator can accelerate correct execution of rotating techniques. Among the so called detailed combat approaches, Kalina [11] describes the surprise approach. Elements of surprise can be present during quick execution of techniques involving rotational motion, particularly for the competitor involved. A quick response from the competitor to attack by changing body position, increasing e.g. their inertia moment, can eliminate the effect of attack and enable execution of counterpunch. Conversely, improper arrangement of body seg ments by the competitor executing a rotating technique can make the defender s counter-technique easier. This pa - per presents only the effects of exercises on the rotating training simulator on execution of aikido technique by the competitors. According to the author, the rotating training simulator can be more broadly applied during training in combat sports or martial arts. The competitors, for example, can as - sume positions on the rotating platform, similar to those assum - ed while executing rotational techniques and try to take advantage of certain technical elements when the platform moves. Such training can favourably affect adequate maintaining of the gravity centre by the competitor by maintaining an adequate body position. Many authors [12-14] emphasise the significance of the development of psychomotor skills in martial arts. Using the rotating training simulator in training could improve the skill of maintaining balance with movements being part of rotational techniques in combat sports. Some authors dealing with the issue of aikido state that with correct randori execution the defence effects are obtained with little effort from the defender [15]. Achieving proper dynamics is due to using the laws of mechanics, already described in this paper. Sometimes randori is very well done by elderly competitors with a low body mass. Their motor characteristics, such as strength and endurance are usually lower than those of the attackers. Some authors state that randori involves very broad and demanding aspects of aikido which is the art of coordination [2]. The performance of randori is considered an advanced form of training, used by more experienced aikido practitioners. In the reported experiment, this form was applied in practitioners with little experience. The results indicate that the experimental group, exercising on the rotating training simulator, better executed randori technique. Conclusions 1. Using the rotating training simulator enabled quicker learning of ryokatadori kokyo nage technique. 2. Using the rotating training simulator allowed the defenders better reduction of the circle radius where they moved 38
5 while performing randori and increasing properly the va - lue of centrifugal force, acting on the attacker. 3. Using the rotating training simulator eliminates the error of excessive horizontal head and trunk tilt during ryokatadori kokyo nage performance in randori style. Mroczkowski A.,The rotating training simulator in practise of judo References 1. Mroczkowski A, Rotating training simulator, Patent pending UP RP, 2011, P Westbrook A, Ratti O. Aikido and the dynamic sphere, Charles E. Tuttle Company, Mroczkowski A, Using the Knowledge of Biomechanics in Teaching Aikido. In Goswami T. (eds.) Injury and Skeletal Biomechanics.: InTech, Open Acces Publisher, 2012, s Mroczkowski A, The use of biomechanics in the methodology of teaching aikido to children. Archives of Budo 2010, 6, 2(4) Mroczkowski A, The use of biomechanics in teaching aikido. Human Movement, 2009, 1(2), 10: Griffiths IW, Watkins J, Sharpe D. Measuring the moment of inertia of the human body by a rotating platform method, American Journal of Physics 2005, 73 (1), Ueshiba K. Aikido. Hozansha Publishing, Tokyo, Shishida F. Judo s techniques performed from a distance: The origin of Jigoro Kano s concept and its actualization by Kenji Tomiki. Archives of Budo (4) : Shisida F. A Judo that Incorporates Kendo: Jigoro Kano s Ideas and Their Theoretical Development. Archives of Budo 2012; 8(4) Shisida F. Jigoro Kano s pursuit of ideal judo and its succession: Judo s techniques performed from a distance. IDO movement for culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology, 2011, 11 (1-4) : Kalina RM. Theory of combat sport. COS. Warszawa, [in Polish] 12. Harasymowicz J, Kalina RM. Training of psychomotor adaptation a key factor in teaching self defence. Archives of Budo 2005, 1(1): Harasymowicz J. Competences of combat sports and martial arts educators in light of the holistic fair self-defence model of training. Archives of Budo 2007, 3: Starosta W, Rynkiewicz T. Structure, conditions and shaping opponent feeling in opinion of combat sport athletes. Archives of Budo 2008, 4: Baum D, Hassinger J. The randori principles: the path to effortless leadership. 2002, Chicago, Dearborn Trade Publishing. Address for correspondence: Andrzej Mroczkowski Faculty of Physical Education, University of Zielona Gora, Poland r.mroczkowski@wnps.uz.zgora.pl Received: Accepted: The presented rule of the rotating training simulator and the survey results indicate the opportunities of application of this device in learning aikido techniques involving rotational motion. 39
We are IntechOpen, the world s leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists, for scientists. International authors and editors
We are IntechOpen, the world s leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists, for scientists 3,800 116,000 120M Open access books available International authors and editors Downloads Our
More informationThe use of biomechanics in the methodology of teaching aikido to children
ORIGINAL ARTICLE The use of biomechanics in the methodology of teaching aikido to children Authors Contribution: A Study Design B Data Collection C Statistical Analysis D Manuscript Preparation E Funds
More informationKoryu-no-kata and the Key Thoughts of Aikido Produced by Kenji Tomiki. Fumiaki Shishida 1
Aikido Lecture & Seminar at the 11th TAIN International Festival / 2015 Aikido World Championships On Thursday October 22, 2015. Koryu-no-kata and the Key Thoughts of Aikido Produced by Kenji Tomiki Fumiaki
More information110m Hurdle Theory and Technique
110m Hurdle Theory and Technique Ralph Lindeman Head Track Coach, U.S. Air Force Academy Men's Hurdle Development Chairman, USATF WANTED: Highly motivated sprinters to attempt one of track & field's most
More informationTHE INITIAL STAGE THE FINAL STAGE
THE JAVELIN RUN-UP By Hans Torim A detailed description of the author s views on the javelin run-up from the initial stages to the impulse stride and the pre-delivery position. The article is a slightly
More informationby Michael Young Human Performance Consulting
by Michael Young Human Performance Consulting The high performance division of USATF commissioned research to determine what variables were most critical to success in the shot put The objective of the
More informationMotion is a function of both direction and speed. The direction may
BIOMECHANICS Ahmed.J. Kawoosh Osmania university P.M.Ed 7207832127 T24 890716856 Airtel 07802309769 Zain abc_d871@yahoo.com A body is said to be in motion when it changes its position or location in respect
More informationStructure (Down plane)
By Lauren Russell Structure (Down plane) The body (toes, knees, hips, wrists and shoulders) is aligned parallel to the intended target line. The torso is tilted over the ball from the hips whilst maintaining
More informationAikido's Inside Secret
Aikido's Inside Secret A Yondan Paper by Gordon Teekell Aikido's Inside Secret On various occasions, usually at seminars, the three secrets of aikido are related. These are: blend with your partner's energy,
More informationBuilding the Playing Style Concepts
Building the Playing Style Concepts Style Of Play - Specific Players 1, 2 or 3 touch maximum - minimizing the number of touches improves the speed of play. Keep the game simple - do not force situations,
More informationABOUT THE TEACHING OF THROWING EVENTS
ABOUT THE TEACHING OF THROWING EVENTS By Friedheld Endemann The following address provides a general outline of principles applied to learning practices in throwing events with recommended sequences for
More informationBreaking Down the Approach
Breaking Down the Approach Written by Andre Christopher Gonzalez Sunday, July 31, 2005 One of the biggest weaknesses of the two-legged approach is the inability of the athlete to transfer horizontal momentum
More informationOctober 2010
What s Inside: - Physics of Hapkido page 3 - WHA Winter Camp 2011 details - WHA Fall 2010 Seminar & Workshop Flyers! All techniques and drills were building off the concepts of ki : staying relaxed, staying
More informationKADOCHNIKOV SYSTEMA.
KADOCHNIKOV SYSTEMA Intelligence is worthless without practical wisdom www.kadochnikovsystem.com 02 You don t have to apply brute physical force for the effective self-defense Just imagine how you can
More informationScienceDirect. Rebounding strategies in basketball
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 72 ( 2014 ) 823 828 The 2014 conference of the International Sports Engineering Association Rebounding strategies in basketball
More informationEngineering Flettner Rotors to Increase Propulsion
Engineering Flettner Rotors to Increase Propulsion Author: Chance D. Messer Mentor: Jeffery R. Wehr Date: April 11, 2016 Advanced STEM Research Laboratory, Odessa High School, 107 E 4 th Avenue, Odessa
More informationArticle by Morgan Buchanan. Bac Fu Do (White Tiger Way) Kung Fu is a powerful composite style martial art taught by veteran Australian Kung Fu master
Article by Morgan Buchanan. Bac Fu Do (White Tiger Way) Kung Fu is a powerful composite style martial art taught by veteran Australian Kung Fu master Sifu David Crook. Bac Fu Do reflects its founders diverse
More informationImpact of target selection on front kick kinematics in taekwondo pilot study
Physical Activity Review vol. 4, 2016 Original Articles DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/par.2016.04.07 Impact of target selection on front kick kinematics in taekwondo pilot study Authors' Contribution:
More informationKadochnikov System. Stage III. Working against strikes
Kadochnikov System International Association Stage III. Working against strikes Special methods that are used to develop skills of self-defense against any kinds of kicks and blows www.kadochnikovsystem.com
More informationLEVEL I CHECKING TECHNICAL
CHECKING Page 1 September 2007 CHECKING SKILLS Checking is carried out to gain possession of the puck. The coach must recognize that, before checking skills can be taught or developed, it is important
More informationResearch Article Analysis of Biomechanical Factors in Bend Running
Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 5(7): 47-411, 13 DOI:1.196/rjaset.5.467 ISSN: 4-7459; e-issn: 4-7467 13 Maxwell Scientific Publication Corp. Submitted: July 6, 1 Accepted:
More informationIntroduction. Level 1
Introduction Game Analysis is the second teaching and learning resource in the Science Through Sport series. The series is designed to reinforce scientific and mathematical principles using sport science
More informationSpanish Ski School. Association of Schools, Professors and Trainers of Winter Sports
Interski 20 th Congress - Ushuaia 2015 Spanish Ski School Association of Schools, Professors and Trainers of Winter Sports Evolution of carving revolution: A turning point to knee injuries prevention?
More informationS&DMHA Player Development Program Book Four - Goaltending
S&DMHA Player Development Program Book Four - Compiled by Wayne King to be used as reference for all minor hockey coaches Good goaltending is essential to the success of your team. For individuals to be
More informationColin Jackson's Hurdle Clearance Technique
Colin Jackson's Hurdle Clearance Technique By Milan Čoh, Biomechanical Laboratory, Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia INTRODUCTION Colin Jackson is, uncontestedly, one of the greatest
More informationIntroduction Definition of decision-making: the capacity of the player to execute an action following some conscious tactical or strategical choice.
Decision Making in Rugby Here is a paper by Pierre Villepreux. He presented it at the 1993 Asian Pacific Congress in Calgary. Eleven years have passed, but this remains one of the benchmark papers on this
More informationULTIMATE YOUTH FOOTBALL PRACTICE PLAN
ULTIMATE YOUTH FOOTBALL PRACTICE PLAN Ages 13-15 See my complete coaching catalog at http://www.coachstevetucker.com 1 Copyright Notice The material enclosed is copyrighted. You do not have resell rights
More informationTranscript of Ping Pong Ball Launcher Research and Design
Transcript of Ping Pong Ball Launcher Research and Design Objective To construct a mechanism to launch a ping pong ball into a garbage bin 2, 4, 6, and 8 metres away from the launcher, with restrictions:
More informationBasic steps and spatial-temporal dimensions in the process of skills acquisition in alpine skiing
Basic steps and spatial-temporal dimensions in the process of skills acquisition in alpine skiing Rado Pisot 1,2, Tomaž Šegula 2, Milan Žvan 2, 3, Blaž Lešnik 2,4 1 Institute for Kinesiology Research,
More informationHockey Decathlon A COMPETITION FOR BEGINNERS. Horst Wein. Page 1. International Educational Management Systems
Hockey Decathlon A COMPETITION FOR BEGINNERS by Horst Wein Page 1 1. THE TUNNEL One player passes the ball, alternately with his front and reverse stick, through the tunnel formed by the legs of a second
More informationCOMPARISON STUDY BETWEEN THE EFFICIENY OF THE START TECHNIQUES IN THE ROMANIAN COMPETITIVE SWIMMING
Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov Series IX: Sciences of Human Kinetics Vol. 6 (55) No. 1 2013 COMPARISON STUDY BETWEEN THE EFFICIENY OF THE START TECHNIQUES IN THE ROMANIAN COMPETITIVE
More informationThe practitioner loads the rear leg in an effort to create a forward motion with force.
Effective Movement While learning, Karate practitioners often struggle to develop fluid, efficient and effective movement, particularly when facing an opponent. Beginners, and even some more senior students
More informationSimulation analysis of the influence of breathing on the performance in breaststroke
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia Engineering 34 (2012 ) 736 741 9 th Conference of the International Sports Engineering Association (ISEA) Simulation analysis of the influence of breathing
More information(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2011/ A1
US 2011 0082015A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2011/0082015 A1 Dreissigacker et al. (43) Pub. Date: Apr. 7, 2011 (54) EXERCISING Publication Classification (51)
More informationDEVELOPMENT ASSESSING TOOLS FOR KARATE ATHLETE
DEVELOPMENT ASSESSING TOOLS FOR KARATE ATHLETE Ways of Using Karategram, Borg Scale and Dr. Stricevic Scales in Assessing Development of Karate Athlete Professor Meral Olmez Success in karate is based
More informationPlease contact Sifu (instructor) Chan if you have any question.
Introduction Tai Chi Tai Chi sometimes described as moving meditation. The art contains movements that are so varied that they put into play every part of the body with harmonious design and graceful patterns.
More informationAnalysis of stroke technique using acceleration sensor IC in freestyle swimming
Analysis of stroke technique using acceleration sensor IC in freestyle swimming Y. Ohgi, M. Yasumura Faculty of Environmental Information, Keio Univ., Japan H. Ichikawa Doctoral Prog. of Health and Sport
More informationKinetics of the knife-hand strike used in power breaking in ITF Taekwon-do
Physical Activity Review vol. 3, 2015 Original Articles DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/par.2015.01.05 Kinetics of the knife-hand strike used in power breaking in ITF Taekwon-do Authors' Contribution:
More informationUltimate Jujutsu: Principles & Practices By Jonathan Maberry READ ONLINE
Ultimate Jujutsu: Principles & Practices By Jonathan Maberry READ ONLINE Ultimate Jujutsu: Principles & Practices by Jonathan Maberry (2002-10-15) [ Jonathan Maberry] on Amazon.com. *FREE* shipping on
More informationBiomechanical Analysis of a Sprint Start. Anna Reponen JD Welch
Biomechanical Analysis of a Sprint Start Anna Reponen JD Welch Introduction Our presentation will cover the Key Elements of our project. They will be presented along with the methods, results and discussion
More informationDevelopment of Fish type Robot based on the Analysis of Swimming Motion of Bluefin Tuna Comparison between Tuna-type Fin and Rectangular Fin -
Development of Fish type Robot based on the Analysis of Swimming Motion of Bluefin Tuna Comparison between Tuna-type Fin and Rectangular Fin - Katsuya KUGAI* Abstract The swimming motion of Tuna type fishes
More informationPossession Playing Away From Pressure
Possession Playing Away From Pressure In soccer possession is the ability to keep the ball without losing it to the opponent. Without the ball, scoring is not possible and without scoring winning is not
More informationPutting Report Details: Key and Diagrams: This section provides a visual diagram of the. information is saved in the client s database
Quintic Putting Report Information Guide Putting Report Details: Enter personal details of the client or individual who is being analysed; name, email address, date, mass, height and handicap. This information
More informationSTAGE 4 ACTIVITIES YEAR OLD PLAYERS
STAGE 4 ACTIVITIES 12-14 YEAR OLD PLAYERS NSCAA Foundations of Coaching Diploma NSCAA Foundations of Coaching Activities Stage 4: 12-14 Year Old Players 3V2 TO 6V5 SMALL SIDED GAME This activity provides
More informationFight Smart in Close-Quarters Combat Using Wing Chun Techniques
Fight Smart in Close-Quarters Combat Using Wing Chun Techniques By Lucy Haro Photos by Rick Hustead In the martial arts, one school of thought holds that you should change your game to match your opponent
More informationComplex movement patterns of a bipedal walk
1 Complex movement patterns of a bipedal walk Objectives After completing this lesson, you will be able to: Describe the complex movement patterns of a bipedal walk. Describe the biomechanics of walking
More informationA NEW GOLF-SWING ROBOT MODEL UTILIZING SHAFT ELASTICITY
Journal of Sound and Vibration (1998) 17(1), 17 31 Article No. sv981733 A NEW GOLF-SWING ROBOT MODEL UTILIZING SHAFT ELASTICITY S. SUZUKI Department of Mechanical System Engineering, Kitami Institute of
More informationCoaching Principles. 1. Introduce 2. Demonstrate 3. Explain 4. Organize 5. Execute 6. Correct 7. Practice
5 Pin Bowling Drill Book Updated August 2008 Coaching Principles STEPS IN TEACHING A DRILL 1. Introduce 2. Demonstrate 3. Explain 4. Organize 5. Execute 6. Correct 7. Practice GENERAL PRINCIPLES Drills
More informationTo AJKA-International AJKA-I of PA Instructor Trainee s Report #17. Subject: Kicking Techniques
To AJKA-International Instructor Trainee s Report #17 Subject: Kicking Techniques To AJKA-International Instructor s Trainee Report #17 Subject: Kicking Techniques In Karate we train to make our feet/legs
More informationMultiple Levels of Teaching & Training in Tang Soo Do Jack Sanders-Reed Sam Dan Essay November 11, 2005
Multiple Levels of Teaching & Training in Tang Soo Do Jack Sanders-Reed Sam Dan Essay November 11, 2005 As I progress in Tang Soo Do, I am beginning to come to the conclusion that many of the outwardly
More informationCoaching the Triple Jump Boo Schexnayder
I. Understanding the Event A. The Run and Its Purpose B. Hip Undulation and the Phases C. Making the Connection II. III. IV. The Approach Run A. Phases B. Technical Features 1. Posture 2. Progressive Body
More informationShuttlE. Schools Badminton. Module 5: 10 starter lessons
ShuttlE Time Schools Badminton Teachers MANUAL Module 5: 10 starter lessons ShuttlE Time Schools Badminton Teachers MANUAL 10 starter lessons Badminton World Federation 2011. First published November
More informationEfficacy of Static and Dynamic Distance Perception on Kumite Performance in Karate
World Journal of Sport Sciences 3 (S): 205-209, 2010 ISSN 2078-4724 IDOSI Publications, 2010 Efficacy of Static and Dynamic Distance Perception on Kumite Performance in Karate Ahmed M. Abd El-Kader Department
More informationTeaching Body Contact and Checking
AGES 16 / 18 AND UNDER Teaching Body Contact and Checking LESSON WORKBOOK KENNY RAUSCH 2 Body checking is a series of different skills which have to be learned, developed and trained. The goal of a body
More informationBasic Forward Defensive Moves, Part II
Basic Forward Defensive Moves, Part II Written by Andre Christopher Gonzalez Tuesday, September 27, 2005 Three techniques that will put your team on the defensive The Run-Dig-Run-Roll Because so few balls
More informationMOVEMENT QUALITY OF MARTIAL ART OUTSIDE KICKS. Manfred Vieten and Hartmut Riehle University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
856 ISBS 2005 / Beijing, China MOVEMENT QUALITY OF MARTIAL ART OUTSIDE KICKS Manfred Vieten and Hartmut Riehle University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany KEY WORDS: martial arts, simulation, muscle energy,
More informationActivities for enjoyment and learning
Activities for enjoyment and learning Teaching the game Before beginning it is important to work out what the child must learn in order to play badminton. For what the child must learn will determine the
More informationBody Stabilization of PDW toward Humanoid Walking
Body Stabilization of PDW toward Humanoid Walking Masaki Haruna, Masaki Ogino, Koh Hosoda, Minoru Asada Dept. of Adaptive Machine Systems, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan ABSTRACT Passive
More informationA Biomechanical Approach to Javelin. Blake Vajgrt. Concordia University. December 5 th, 2012
A Biomechanical Approach to Javelin Blake Vajgrt Concordia University December 5 th, 2012 The Biomechanical Approach to Javelin 2 The Biomechanical Approach to Javelin Javelin is one of the four throwing
More informationBasic movement and responsibility of players at net in blocking & defending situation
Abstract... 7 Team Alberta Men s Volleyball- Serving Curriculum: 16U -18U... 8 KEY TEACHING POINTS:... 8 Throwing Action:... 8 Landing:... 8 Toss:... 8 Standing Float:... 9 Jump Float:... 9 Jump Spin:...
More informationBrain in researching mode and Feet on the tatamis
Brain in researching mode and Feet on the tatamis Three examples in applied research in judo Symposium EJU 23 th April 2014 - Montpellier - France M. Calmet Acknowledgements Dear Presidents, Dear Bénédicte,
More informationPROPER PITCHING MECHANICS
PROPER PITCHING MECHANICS While each pitcher is a different person and can display some individuality in his mechanics, everyone has similar anatomy (the same muscles, bones and ligaments in the same locations)
More informationThe Hurdle Events. Jeff Martin IATCCC Clinic. Indianapolis, Indiana. 5 Myth s about Hurdling
The Hurdle Events Jeff Martin Indianapolis, Indiana 5 Myth s about Hurdling - Speed is not a necessity to hurdle fast - Good form not pure speed makes a good hurdler - An athlete that can t jump, throw,
More informationTaekwon-Do and Movement
ITFNZ Inc 2016 Taekwon-Do and Movement Background Shane Rogers II dan Over the years, while studying martial arts, I ve be increasingly focused on how, or more importantly why we move in particular ways
More informationHow to start with randori. How to create your own movements. by Tim Wolput. uke : Gitte Wolput. produced by Eddy Wolput
2 How to start with randori. How to create your own movements. by Tim Wolput uke : Gitte Wolput produced by Eddy Wolput 3 Creative Randori Introduction CONTENT 7 How to start 8 Shomen ate 9 Aigamae ate
More informationShishida Shihan Aikido Seminar in Sheffield, UK - March 2007
Shishida Shihan Aikido Seminar in Sheffield, UK - March 2007 SEMINAR REPORT by Fumiaki Shishida Shihan The theory and methodology of aikido Kenji Tomiki intended to teach: Key contents which we have been
More information400-Meter Hurdle Theory By Ralph Lindeman
400-Meter Hurdle Theory By Ralph Lindeman INTRODUCTION The 400m hurdle race is arguably the most demanding of all events in the sprint-hurdle group. It requires a combination of speed-endurance and hurdling
More informationAnalyzing Movement in the Body Arts: Lessons from Hanbojutsu
Analyzing Movement in the Body Arts: Lessons from Hanbojutsu Tom Lang Introduction I began studying Danzan Ryu Jujutsu in 1971. Soon thereafter, like many other martial artists in the 1970s, I became interested
More informationsteps to designing effective practice
22 23 steps to designing effective practice How do you decide what coaching practices to deliver? And what process do you follow when designing the practice? Here, FA Youth Coach Educator, Ben Bartlett,
More information8 Steps To A Modern Forehand Technique
8 Steps To A Modern Forehand Technique By Tomaz Mencinger FeelTennis.net 2 Thanks for downloading this free report / checklist that contains the short version of the 8 Steps To A Modern Forehand Technique.
More informationBody utilisation and manipulation in Martial Arts (2014) by Daniel Rablin
(2014) by Daniel Rablin In most martial arts, almost every technique involves the use of your own body in conjunction with your opponent. Correctly utilising a technique, understanding how the human body
More informationSURVEY OF SYSTEM OF ATTACKS BY JUDOKA IN REGIONAL AND INTERREGIONAL MATCHES M. CALMET
SURVEY OF SYSTEM OF ATTACKS BY JUDOKA IN REGIONAL AND INTERREGIONAL MATCHES M. CALMET Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Université de Montpellier 1 - France N. TREZEL Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Université
More informationA Novel Gear-shifting Strategy Used on Smart Bicycles
2012 International Conference on Industrial and Intelligent Information (ICIII 2012) IPCSIT vol.31 (2012) (2012) IACSIT Press, Singapore A Novel Gear-shifting Strategy Used on Smart Bicycles Tsung-Yin
More informationOpleiding Informatica
Opleiding Informatica Determining Good Tactics for a Football Game using Raw Positional Data Davey Verhoef Supervisors: Arno Knobbe Rens Meerhoff BACHELOR THESIS Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science
More informationDESIGNING PERCEPTUAL MOTOR SKILL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS FOR SQUASH
DESIGNING PERCEPTUAL MOTOR SKILL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS FOR SQUASH by Roger Flynn (Grad. Dip. Elite Sports Coaching) Designing Perceptual Motor Skill Development Programs for Squash Introduction by Roger
More informationby John Bertges PGA Professional / PGTA Master Professional
by John Bertges PGA Professional / PGTA Master Professional His name may be overused in golf circles today, but Tiger Woods has taught us a lot in reference to the Modern Golf Swing. Many of his accomplishments
More information- a set of known masses, - four weight hangers, - tape - a fulcrum upon which the meter stick can be mounted and pivoted - string - stopwatch
1. In the laboratory, you are asked to determine the mass of a meter stick without using a scale of any kind. In addition to the meter stick, you may use any or all of the following equipment: - a set
More informationFROM THE ARTICLE: MOMENT OF ORGANIZATION FROM VALENCIA CF (Edition 62, Tactical-Football)
SYSTEMIC DRILL FROM THE ARTICLE: MOMENT OF ORGANIZATION FROM VALENCIA CF (Edition 62, al-football) Name: Manuel Torres Pericás Physical Education Teacher Bachelor CAFE (Specialty Football) Football manager
More informationTHE WRESTLING COACHES HANDBOOK WRESTLING PRACTICE FORMAT AND WRESTLING PRACTICE EVALUATION. BY BILL WELKER, EdD
THE WRESTLING COACHES HANDBOOK ON WRESTLING PRACTICE FORMAT AND WRESTLING PRACTICE EVALUATION BY BILL WELKER, EdD The success of your scholastic wrestling program will depend largely on how well you prepare
More informationNATICK SOCCER CLUB 2013 CURRICULUM U12 RECREATIONAL 10 WEEK TRAINING PROGRAM
NATICK SOCCER CLUB 2013 CURRICULUM U12 RECREATIONAL 10 WEEK TRAINING PROGRAM GPS CURRICULUM METHODOLOGY U4 - U8 JUNIORS U9-U12 JUNIOR PREMIER U13-U18 PREMIER 18+ PREMIER Player Evaluation & Assessment
More informationChapter I examines the anthropometric and physiological factors that. determine success in sport. More specifically it discusses the somatotype
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Chapter I examines the anthropometric and physiological factors that determine success in sport. More specifically it discusses the somatotype ratings, VO 2 max and running economy
More informationWhy use Cross-ice or Small-area games in practice?
Why use Cross-ice or Small-area games in practice? It should not have escaped anyone s attention that over the past 10-15 years, Europeans have come to dominate the game of ice hockey at every level. How
More informationTHE IMPULSE-STEP IN THE JAVELIN THROW
THE IMPULSE-STEP IN THE JAVELIN THROW Terseus Liebenberg North-West University Potchefstroom South Africa The most important biomechanical principle ultimately determining throwing distance is the release
More informationTRAINING CHILDREN IN KARATE
TRAINING CHILDREN IN KARATE PURPOSE AND USE OF EQUIPMENT by Edward A. Rumick A paper submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Yon Dan American JKA-International 2013 Approved
More informationFriction properties of the face of a hand-held tennis racket
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia Engineering 34 (2012 ) 544 549 9 th Conference of the International Sports Engineering Association (ISEA) Friction properties of the face of a hand-held
More informationAN31E Application Note
Balancing Theory Aim of balancing How an unbalance evolves An unbalance exists when the principle mass axis of a rotating body, the so-called axis of inertia, does not coincide with the rotational axis.
More informationAdaptor Core Technology:
Adaptor Core Technology: The Inception and Adapting of Calculus Based Truths within Geometric Entities Written By: Nick Siefers (Nicks@900global.com) Director of Operations 900 Global would like to introduce
More informationPOWERED FLIGHT HOVERING FLIGHT
Once a helicopter leaves the ground, it is acted upon by the four aerodynamic forces. In this chapter, we will examine these forces as they relate to flight maneuvers. POWERED FLIGHT In powered flight
More informationChesapeake Region Volleyball Beach High Performance Program
Chesapeake Region Volleyball Beach High Performance Program Beach Coaching Training Guide This document was based on USAV Beach-HP, BCAP, and National Team Training and will be used to standardize beach
More informationU9-U10 Teaching Formation
U9-U10 Teaching Formation OVERVIEW All of the efforts put towards individual skills and team skills are of little use if your team isn t in a position to take advantage of those skills. Proper formation
More informationFundamental Study of Evaluation at Berthing Training for Pilot Trainees Using a Ship Maneuvering Simulator
http://www.transnav.eu the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation Volume 7 Number 1 March 2013 DOI: 10.12716/1001.07.01.18 Fundamental Study of Evaluation at Berthing
More informationKochi University of Technology Aca Study on Dynamic Analysis and Wea Title stem for Golf Swing Author(s) LI, Zhiwei Citation 高知工科大学, 博士論文. Date of 2015-03 issue URL http://hdl.handle.net/10173/1281 Rights
More informationKinematics and Kinetics of Taekwon-do Side Kick
Journal of Human Kinetics volume 30/2011, 13-20 DOI: 10.2478/v10078-011-0068-z 13 Section I Kinesiology Kinematics and Kinetics of Taekwon-do Side Kick by Jacek Wąsik 1 The aim of the paper is to present
More informationKinematics of the Mawashi Shoudan Kick as a Parameter of Designing a Training Program for Karate Juniors
World Journal of Sport Sciences 5 (4): 237-244, 2011 ISSN 2078-4724 IDOSI Publications, 2011 Kinematics of the Mawashi Shoudan Kick as a Parameter of Designing a Training Program for Karate Juniors Alaa
More information1. A tendency to roll or heel when turning (a known and typically constant disturbance) 2. Motion induced by surface waves of certain frequencies.
Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2.14 Analysis and Design of Feedback Control Systems Fall 2004 October 21, 2004 Case Study on Ship Roll Control Problem Statement:
More informationFigure 1 Schematic of opposing air bearing concept
Theoretical Analysis of Opposing Air Bearing Concept This concept utilizes air bearings to constrain five degrees of freedom of the optic as shown in the figure below. Three pairs of inherently compensated
More informationKINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SHOT PUT IN ELITE ATHLETES A CASE STUDY
KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SHOT PUT IN ELITE ATHLETES A CASE STUDY Weimin Liu and Mingxuan Wang Jiangsu Research Institute of Sports Science, Nanjing, People's Republic of China This paper presented the application
More informationBiomechanical analysis of spiking skill in volleyball
2017; 4(6): 15-19 P-ISSN: 2394-1685 E-ISSN: 2394-1693 Impact Factor (ISRA): 5.38 IJPESH 2017; 4(6): 15-19 2017 IJPESH www.kheljournal.com Received: 05-09-2017 Accepted: 06-10-2017 Harpreet Singh Assistant
More informationZIPWAKE DYNAMIC TRIM CONTROL SYSTEM OUTLINE OF OPERATING PRINCIPLES BEHIND THE AUTOMATIC MOTION CONTROL FEATURES
ZIPWAKE DYNAMIC TRIM CONTROL SYSTEM OUTLINE OF OPERATING PRINCIPLES BEHIND THE AUTOMATIC MOTION CONTROL FEATURES TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 3 2 SYSTEM COMPONENTS 3 3 PITCH AND ROLL ANGLES 4 4 AUTOMATIC
More information