Qualitat de l aigua litoral i ús del territori

Transcription

1 Observació de la Terra i aplicacions en l àmbit de la salut Institut Cartogràfic de Catalunya i Geològic de Catalunya Barcelona, 15 Desembre 2016 Qualitat de l aigua litoral i ús del territori Jordi Camp, Eva Flo i Esther Garcés Coastal Biological Processes Research Group

2

3 N P CONTINENT SEA

4 Modification of the natural coastline and the subsequent increase in confined water areas Catalunya Harbours in Catalunya Harbours (Num) Barcelona Harbour Palamós Harbours Cambrils Beach

5 Bottom-up and top-down Trophic level Time D.Pauly, V. Christensen, J. Dalsgaard, R. Froese, F. Torres Jr. Fishing Down Marine Food Webs Science 1998: 279 (5352),

6

7 Fotosíntesis CO2 + 2 H2O + Luz (CH2O) + O2 + H2O Respiración (CH2O) + O2 CO2 + H2O + Energía

8

9 Composición de la materia viva C H O N P Fe Mg Si etc.

10 106 CO H 2 O + 16 NO PO 4 + Oligoelementos Kcal Luz 25 g Chl 1287 Kcal Calor O 2 + 3,4 Kg Biomasa

11

12 Fotosíntesis CO2 + 2 H2O + Luz (CH2O) + O2 + H2O Respiración (CH2O) + O2 CO2 + H2O + Energía

13 Fuentes de oxígeno Oxígeno disuelto Nitrato Sulfato Hipoxia Nitrito Sulfhídrico

14 Antropización y condiciones de hipoxia Distribución global de 400 zonas muertas por eutrofización R. J. Diaz and R. Rosenberg. Science, 2008

15

16 Temporal variability Coastal Zone Color Scanner NIMBUS-7, Spring Summer development of an upper mixed layer by summer solar heating Autumn Winter convective processes caused by winter cooling and strong winds

17 Nutrient supply in the photic zone P N Atlantic Black Sea P N Photic layer P N Gibraltar Sicily Flow (Tm x 10 6 x Year -1 ) Mediterranean Sea

18 Percentual nutrient supply in the photic zone of the Mediterranean Sea Atmospheric input 75% 10% 15% Continental input: river, storm, ground and waste waters Oceanic input: seasonal mixing, upwelling and Atlantic input

19 Extension Coastal waters 3% Oceanic waters 97% Inputs 15% 85% (mainly continental) (mainly oceanic and atmospheric) RATIO x5 x1 Shore Sea level Continental shelf Continental slope

20 Nearshore offshore gradient Catalan Coast 1,4 1,2 PO 4 (µm) DIN (µm) 1,0 20 0,8 15 0,6 Median 25%-75% 10%-90% n=9823 0,4 0,2 0, Inshore Nearshore Offshore Nearshore Oceanic waters 5 4 Chlorophyll-a (µg/l) Nearshore Oceanic waters Inshore Nearshore Offshore Nearshore Oceanic waters Flo E, Garcés E, Manzanera M, Camp J (2011) Coastal inshore waters in the NW Mediterranean: physicochemical and biological characterization and management implications. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 93:

21 Percentual nutrient suply in the coastal zone 25% 20% Oceanic 5% 20% 30% Runoff River Groundwater Wastewater

22

23 Tendency of the nutrient inputs in the Mediterranean Sea Mediterranean rivers suffer from a significant reduction in freshwater discharge (20 %, ) A similar decrease has been observed for the fluxes of dissolved silica but.what are the dynamics in the fluxes of N and P? Ludwig et al. 2009

24 Sensors OLS of DMSP NOAA

25

26

27

28 COMPOSITION AND MASS LOADING RATES FOR STORMWATERS

29 Percentual nutrient suply in the coastal zone 25% 20% Oceanic 5% 20% 30% Runoff River Groundwater Wastewater

30 Nearshore Mediterranean blooms

31 FACTOR 1 N (-1) Llançà *Muga *Fluvià L'Estartit *Ter St.Feliu Mataró *Besòs Barcelona *Llobregat Tarragona *Francolí L'Ametlla *Ebre St.Carles ,74 0,48 0,22-0,04-0,3-0,56-0,82 Shore (m) FACTOR 1 R FACTOR 2 R Llançà Llançà *Muga *Fluvià L'Estartit *Ter *Muga *Fluvià L'Estartit *Ter St.Feliu St.Feliu Mataró Mataró *Besòs Barcelona *Llobregat *Besòs Barcelona *Llobregat Tarragona *Francolí L'Ametlla *Ebre St.Carles Shore (m) ,71 0,53 0,35 0,17-0,01-0,19-0,37-0,55 Tarragona *Francolí L'Ametlla *Ebre St.Carles Shore (m) ,54 1,2 0,86 0,52 0,18-0,16-0,5-0,84

32 Catalan coast as an example: dissolved nutrients and chlorophyll a... N Fluvià, Muga and Ter Rivers Chl-a (µg * L -1 ) Surfer Eva + foto + cluster? Barcelona Anthropogenic influence = P, NO 2, NH 4 Ebre River River influence= NO 3, Si Distance from the coast (m) Inshore Nearshore Offshore

33

34 Bad global quality Sant Adrià de Besòs- Barceloneta (C19) Catalan Coastal Waters ( ) High global quality Cambrils-Montroig del Camp (C30) Number of samples High Moderate Good Poor Bad High Moderate Good Poor Bad Quality

35 5000 Catalan Coastal Waters ( ) High Good Moderate Number of samples % 25% 10% 4% 2% 46% 26% 14% 6% 7% 29% 25% 20% 9% 17% High Moderate Bad Good Poor Poor High Moderate Bad Good Poor Bad High Moderate Bad Good Poor Global Quality of Water Bodies % 21% 15% 7% 25% 11% 13% 15% 12% 49% High Moderate Bad Good Poor High Moderate Bad Good Poor Quality of samples

36 LAND USES SIMPLIFIED INDEX (LUSI) LUSI = (Score urban + score agricultural + score industrial + score riverine) * Correction number Low LUSI value High LUSI value Flo et al. (2011)

37 Pressure-impact relationship:lusi and Chlorophyll-a (µg/l) CHLA=0.11*LUSI+0.21 (R 2 =0.61 and p=8.18*10-5 )

38 Garcés, E. and J. Camp In Life in the Mediterranean Sea: A look at habitat changes Noga Stambler editor, Nova Science Publishers, Inc. New York, US, pp

39 Tendency in the nearshore Catalan Coast Ammonium (µm) PO 4 (µm) Ammonium (um) Phosphate (um) r=-0.88 p< annual Means n=9823 Nitrate (um) Nitrate (µm) Chlorophyll-a (ug/l) Chlorophyll-a (µg/l)

40 Qué nos preocupa?

41