Supporting Online Material for

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1 Originally posted 16 September 2011; corrected 18 April Supporting Online Material for Faking Giants: The Evolution of High Prey Clearance Rates in Jellyfishes José Luis Acuña,* Ángel López-Urrutia, Sean Colin *To whom correspondence should be addressed. This PDF file includes: Materials and Methods SOM Text Figs. S1 to S3 Tables S1 to S8 References Published 16 September 2011, Science 333, 1627 (2011) DOI: /science Correction: The reference citations in the captions for tables S7 and S8 have been corrected.

2 Supporting Online Material Methods Data treatment and statistical analysis We have assumed that both respiration and clearance rates (Fig. 2, Tables S1-S2) vary with body size and temperature according to B=B 0 exp(-e a /kt)m b, where B stands for either clearance or respiration rate, B 0 is a scaling constant, E a is the activation energy, k is Boltzmann's constant (0, ev/ºk), T is the absolute temperature (in ºK), M is body size in either carbon or wet weight units and b is a scaling exponent (as done for respiration rates in ref. (23). The temperature range covered by our dataset is not large enough to test any possible differences in the temperature dependence of clearance and respiration rates between groups so an average value for Ea of 0.65 ev was assumed for all groups (23) corresponding to a Q10 value of Allometric regressions were performed on temperature-corrected rates, which were obtained by dividing the measured rates by exp(-e a /kt). There were no appropriate temperature data for the swimming velocities (Figs. 3A-B). Comparisons of log(respiration rates), log(clearance rates) and log(swimming velocities) among groups of organisms were done by means of the general linear model, with either log (body carbon) or log(wet weight) as covariate, taxonomic or functional group (i.e. fish, jellyfish, crustaceans or combinations of these) as factor and using the R statistical package (24). Heterogeneity of slopes was tested through the interaction between covariate and factor. When the slopes were not significantly heterogeneous, we proceeded to a test of significance of differences among intercepts, or ANCOVA. When the slopes were

3 heterogeneous, we searched the range of significant differences between regression lines using the Johnson- Neyman test. The appropriateness of a linear model should be assessed by analysis of the residuals. Inspection of the residuals of the linear fit against the independent variable might reveal non-linearities in the data or heterogeneity of variances. To test for these two effects we first inspected the residual plots (Fig. S1) for each of the linear model fits. We estimated the lowess fit of the residuals which in a correctly specified linear model should be close to zero. Deviations from zero might reveal secondary scaling in metabolic rates (25). Secondly, we calculated the Harvey-Collier statistic, which tests if the true relationship is not linear and the mean of the recursive residuals differs significantly from 0 (Table S4). Jellyfish respiration rate fits and the clearance rate fit with body carbon as a independent variable showed significant non-linearity. However, only in one case (Fig. S1) the curvilinearity was highly significant, probably due to an outlier, so, for simplicity, we used the linear model in all cases. Both the residual plots and the Breusch-Pagan test revealed heteroskedasticity in many of the datasets (Table S4). This might result in increased Type I error so analysis with marginally significant probabilities should be considered with caution. The use of non-parametric rank analysis of covariance on the same analysis as in Table S4 revealed, however, exactly the same patterns for all tests.

4 SOM Text Maximum clearance rates. Our compilation of clearance rates is extensive in including any experimental data regardless of the food concentration or the size of food provided during the experiments, so the linear models presented in figure 2 can be considered as representative of average conditions. This might lead to overestimation of the minimum threshold prey concentration, P H=0, if the organism is capable of increasing its clearance rate as a functional response to food scarcity or if only prey of the optimum size is considered. To provide a conservative estimate of the minimum threshold prey concentration, P H=0, we calculated the maximum attainable clearance rate for each group of organisms as the 95% quantile regression. This method using quantile regression has been shown to provide objective, reliable estimates of maximum attainable rates (26) and results in values close to or above the limited data available on maximum clearance rates for fish and cruising jellyfish (12) and copepods (27) (Figs. S2 and S3). Experimental maximum clearance rates for large jellyfish are lower than those of fish (Fig. S3) and lower than most of the data we compiled for large jellyfish. This is because those clearance rates were measured using small zooplankton as prey, while most of the observed clearance rates that lay above the maximum clearance rate line (Fig. S3B) were measured on much larger prey items [see ref. (28) for a detailed discussion]. Unfortunately, we lack sufficient experimental data on the combined effects of food concentration and size on maximum clearance rates of zooplankton. The estimates of the minimum threshold prey concentration, P H=0, for a fish, a jellyfish and a crustacean of average size carbon (0.0036, 0.068, and gc ind -1 respectively, geometric mean) using these 95%

5 quantile regressions are 1.84, 0.97 and 16.5 μg C L -1 compared to the central estimates of 13.7, 13.6 and μg C L -1, and represent the most conservative estimates of the food concentrations bellow which animals would starve even if all the food is within its optimal prey size. Derivation of the optimal velocity The threshold prey concentration can be found by setting H=0 and solving for P, what yields. P H=0 is a continuous function which reaches a minimum for an optimal velocity U opt. To find U opt, we first find. We then set and solve for U, arriving at equation 5. Considerations regarding the generality of the model A fixed C D ~0.45 is aproppriate for large A. aurita, which swim within a Reynolds number range between 500 and (see Table S8). Out of that range, a variable, velocity-dependent C D will be required (29). Moreover, while the cross body surface is appropriate for calculation of drag in bluff bodies, more streamlined objects (i.e., a fish) would require use of the wetted surface, due to the predominance of skin friction over pressure drag (29), what implies that term S would be different in equations 2 and 3. However, none of the changes mentioned should affect the qualitative response of equation 4 to changes in S or β when applied to organisms other than jellyfish.

6 Fig. S1: Residual versus independent variable plots for each of the linear model fits in Fig. 2. and 3A-B. Solid lines show the lowess fits. Fig. S2: Effects of body size (A: carbon units; B: wet weight) on temperature-corrected maximum clearance rates (see Table S6 for sources) of ambush feeding fish (blue), cruising jellyfish (red) and copepods (black). Fig. S3: Comparison of the relationships obtained in Figure S2 between temperature-corrected maximum clearance rates and body size in carbon units and the temperature corrected clearance rates compiled in the present study for visually feeding fish (A),cruising jellyfish (B) and crustacean zooplankton (C). Thick solid lines represent the relationships obtained in Figure S2. Dotted lines represent the linear models as presented in Figure 2. Dashed lines show the 95% quantile regression on the clearance rate database.

7 Table S1. Clearance rates of marine pelagic organisms. Data were extracted from tables or digitized from figures reported in the original papers (Source). Columns show clearance rate in liters per day (Clearance), temperature in degrees celsius (Temp), body size in grams of wet weight (WW), grams of dry weight (DW) or grams of carbon (CW). When body mass was not given in these three units in the orginal paper, it was converted as indicated under column Note. The functional types are: jellyfish (J), searching fish (SF), filter feeding fish (FF, not included in the analysis) and crustaceans (C). Ambush jellyfish and ephirae were not included in the analysis. # Species functional type Clearance Temp WW DW Carbon Note Source 1 Engraulis capensis FF 2.79E E E E (30) 2 Engraulis capensis FF 3.72E E E E (30) 3 Engraulis capensis FF 4.19E E E E (30) 4 Engraulis capensis FF 5.79E E E E (30) 5 Engraulis capensis FF 4.81E E E E (30) 6 Engraulis capensis FF 1.33E E E E (30) 7 Engraulis capensis FF 8.77E E E E (30) 8 Engraulis capensis FF 1.77E E E E (30) 9 Engraulis capensis FF 2.66E E E E (30) 10 Engraulis capensis FF 3.32E E E E (30) 11 Engraulis capensis FF 2.66E E E E (30) 12 Engraulis capensis FF 1.99E E E E (30) 13 Engraulis capensis FF 3.28E E E E (30) 14 Engraulis capensis FF 1.25E E E E (30) 15 Engraulis capensis FF 9.62E E E E (30) 16 Engraulis capensis SF 4.20E E E E (30) 17 Engraulis capensis SF 9.96E E E E (30) 18 Engraulis capensis SF 2.04E E E E (30) 19 Engraulis capensis SF 3.18E E E E (30) 20 Engraulis capensis SF 7.07E E E E (30) 21 Engraulis capensis SF 4.33E E E E (30) 22 Engraulis capensis SF 1.01E E E E (30) 23 Engraulis capensis SF 6.97E E E E (30) 24 Engraulis capensis SF 1.93E E E E (30) 25 Engraulis capensis SF 6.12E E E E (30) 26 Engraulis capensis SF 1.24E E E E (30) 27 Engraulis capensis SF 6.32E E E E (30) 28 Engraulis capensis SF 1.68E E E E (30) 29 Engraulis capensis SF 1.12E E E E (30) 30 Engraulis capensis SF 4.07E E E E (30) 31 Engraulis capensis SF 1.90E E E E (30) 32 Engraulis capensis SF 6.07E E E E (30) 33 Engraulis capensis SF 1.12E E E E (30) 34 Engraulis capensis SF 1.70E E E E (30) 35 Engraulis capensis SF 3.07E E E E (30)

8 36 Sardina pilchardus FF 1.15E E E E (31) 37 Sardina pilchardus FF 1.15E E E E (31) 38 Sardina pilchardus FF 1.15E E E E (31) 39 Sardina pilchardus FF 1.15E E E E (31) 40 Sardina pilchardus FF 5.18E E E E (31) 41 Sardina pilchardus FF 5.18E E E E (31) 42 Sardina pilchardus FF 5.18E E E E (31) 43 Sardina pilchardus FF 5.18E E E E (31) 44 Sardina pilchardus FF 5.18E E E E (31) 45 Sardina pilchardus SF 9.50E E E E (31) 46 Sardina pilchardus SF 1.47E E E E (31) 47 Sardina pilchardus SF 9.50E E E E (31) 48 Sardina pilchardus SF 7.30E E E E (31) 49 Sardina pilchardus SF 1.64E E E E (31) 50 Sardina pilchardus SF 6.05E E E E (31) 51 Sardina pilchardus SF 3.50E E E E (31) 52 Sardinops sagax FF 4.22E E E E (32) 53 Sardinops sagax FF 7.83E E E E (32) 54 Sardinops sagax FF 3.32E E E E (32) 55 Sardinops sagax FF 6.22E E E E (32) 56 Sardinops sagax FF 6.04E E E E (32) 57 Sardinops sagax FF 6.40E E E E (32) 58 Sardinops sagax FF 6.03E E E E (32) 59 Sardinops sagax FF 7.66E E E E (32) 60 Sardinops sagax FF 9.48E E E E (32) 61 Sardinops sagax FF 1.06E E E E (32) 62 Sardinops sagax FF 1.15E E E E (32) 63 Sardinops sagax FF 1.26E E E E (32) 64 Sardinops sagax FF 1.27E E E E (32) 65 Sardinops sagax FF 1.38E E E E (32) 66 Sardinops sagax FF 1.87E E E E (32) 67 Sardinops sagax FF 1.38E E E E (32) 68 Sardinops sagax FF 1.67E E E E (32) 69 Sardinops sagax FF 1.80E E E E (32) 70 Sardinops sagax FF 1.89E E E E (32) 71 Sardinops sagax FF 3.63E E E E (32) 72 Sardinops sagax FF 3.49E E E E (32) 73 Sardinops sagax FF 2.80E E E E (32) 74 Sardinops sagax FF 2.71E E E E (32) 75 Sardinops sagax FF 2.54E E E E (32) 76 Sardinops sagax FF 2.36E E E E (32) 77 Sardinops sagax FF 2.29E E E E (32) 78 Sardinops sagax FF 2.14E E E E (32) 79 Sardinops sagax FF 2.11E E E E (32) 80 Sardinops sagax FF 1.89E E E E (32) 81 Sardinops sagax FF 1.74E E E E (32) 82 Sardinops sagax FF 1.69E E E E (32) 83 Sardinops sagax FF 1.69E E E E (32) 84 Sardinops sagax FF 1.53E E E E (32) 85 Sardinops sagax FF 1.38E E E E (32)

9 86 Sardinops sagax FF 1.22E E E E (32) 87 Sardinops sagax FF 1.09E E E E (32) 88 Sardinops sagax FF 9.82E E E E (32) 89 Sardinops sagax FF 8.37E E E E (32) 90 Sardinops sagax FF 7.29E E E E (32) 91 Sardinops sagax FF 1.00E E E E (32) 92 Sardinops sagax FF 1.11E E E E (32) 93 Sardinops sagax FF 1.20E E E E (32) 94 Sardinops sagax FF 1.36E E E E (32) 95 Sardinops sagax FF 1.44E E E E (32) 96 Sardinops sagax FF 6.92E E E E (32) 97 Sardinops sagax FF 8.19E E E E (32) 98 Sardinops sagax FF 9.09E E E E (32) 99 Sardinops sagax FF 9.82E E E E (32) 100 Sardinops sagax FF 1.11E E E E (32) 101 Sardinops sagax FF 1.20E E E E (32) 102 Sardinops sagax FF 5.82E E E E (32) 103 Sardinops sagax FF 6.54E E E E (32) 104 Sardinops sagax FF 7.27E E E E (32) 105 Sardinops sagax FF 7.45E E E E (32) 106 Sardinops sagax FF 8.90E E E E (32) 107 Sardinops sagax FF 1.07E E E E (32) 108 Sardinops sagax FF 1.16E E E E (32) 109 Sardinops sagax FF 1.27E E E E (32) 110 Sardinops sagax FF 1.27E E E E (32) 111 Sardinops sagax FF 1.29E E E E (32) 112 Sardinops sagax FF 1.38E E E E (32) 113 Sardinops sagax FF 1.56E E E E (32) 114 Sardinops sagax FF 1.78E E E E (32) 115 Sardinops sagax FF 1.94E E E E (32) 116 Sardinops sagax FF 1.89E E E E (32) 117 Sardinops sagax FF 1.81E E E E (32) 118 Sardinops sagax FF 1.69E E E E (32) 119 Sardinops sagax FF 1.56E E E E (32) 120 Sardinops sagax FF 1.36E E E E (32) 121 Sardinops sagax FF 1.27E E E E (32) 122 Sardinops sagax FF 1.22E E E E (32) 123 Sardinops sagax FF 9.80E E E E (32) 124 Sardinops sagax FF 1.05E E E E (32) 125 Sardinops sagax FF 9.07E E E E (32) 126 Sardinops sagax FF 8.16E E E E (32) 127 Sardinops sagax FF 2.52E E E E (32) 128 Sardinops sagax FF 2.63E E E E (32) 129 Sardinops sagax FF 2.85E E E E (32) 130 Sardinops sagax FF 3.08E E E E (32) 131 Sardinops sagax FF 3.32E E E E (32) 132 Sardinops sagax FF 3.81E E E E (32) 133 Sardinops sagax FF 3.81E E E E (32) 134 Sardinops sagax FF 4.41E E E E (32) 135 Sardinops sagax FF 2.36E E E E (32)

10 136 Sardinops sagax FF 2.19E E E E (32) 137 Sardinops sagax FF 2.10E E E E (32) 138 Sardinops sagax FF 2.07E E E E (32) 139 Sardinops sagax FF 1.80E E E E (32) 140 Sardinops sagax FF 1.69E E E E (32) 141 Sardinops sagax FF 1.58E E E E (32) 142 Sardinops sagax FF 1.54E E E E (32) 143 Sardinops sagax FF 1.43E E E E (32) 144 Sardinops sagax FF 1.38E E E E (32) 145 Sardinops sagax FF 1.34E E E E (32) 146 Sardinops sagax FF 1.61E E E E (32) 147 Sardinops sagax FF 1.69E E E E (32) 148 Sardinops sagax FF 1.80E E E E (32) 149 Sardinops sagax FF 9.97E E E E (32) 150 Sardinops sagax FF 1.14E E E E (32) 151 Sardinops sagax FF 1.29E E E E (32) 152 Sardinops sagax FF 1.45E E E E (32) 153 Sardinops sagax FF 1.49E E E E (32) 154 Sardinops sagax FF 1.34E E E E (32) 155 Sardinops sagax FF 1.23E E E E (32) 156 Sardinops sagax FF 9.60E E E E (32) 157 Sardinops sagax FF 1.76E E E E (32) 158 Sardinops sagax FF 1.96E E E E (32) 159 Sardinops sagax FF 1.98E E E E (32) 160 Sardinops sagax FF 2.07E E E E (32) 161 Sardinops sagax FF 2.10E E E E (32) 162 Sardinops sagax FF 2.14E E E E (32) 163 Sardinops sagax FF 2.21E E E E (32) 164 Sardinops sagax FF 2.38E E E E (32) 165 Sardinops sagax FF 2.50E E E E (32) 166 Sardinops sagax FF 2.30E E E E (32) 167 Sardinops sagax FF 2.48E E E E (32) 168 Sardinops sagax FF 2.36E E E E (32) 169 Sardinops sagax FF 2.66E E E E (32) 170 Sardinops sagax FF 2.72E E E E (32) 171 Sardinops sagax FF 1.81E E E E (32) 172 Sardinops sagax FF 1.79E E E E (32) 173 Sardinops sagax FF 3.10E E E E (32) 174 Sardinops sagax FF 3.19E E E E (32) 175 Sardinops sagax FF 3.08E E E E (32) 176 Sardinops sagax FF 3.34E E E E (32) 177 Sardinops sagax FF 3.61E E E E (32) 178 Sardinops sagax FF 4.71E E E E (32) 179 Sardinops sagax FF 4.79E E E E (32) 180 Sardinops sagax FF 5.39E E E E (32) 181 Sardinops sagax SF 3.72E E E E (32) 182 Sardinops sagax SF 3.57E E E E (32) 183 Sardinops sagax SF 3.66E E E E (32) 184 Sardinops sagax SF 2.57E E E E (32) 185 Sardinops sagax SF 4.46E E E E (32)

11 186 Sardinops sagax SF 5.15E E E E (32) 187 Sardinops sagax SF 5.26E E E E (32) 188 Sardinops sagax SF 5.49E E E E (32) 189 Sardinops sagax SF 5.33E E E E (32) 190 Sardinops sagax SF 5.49E E E E (32) 191 Sardinops sagax SF 6.00E E E E (32) 192 Sardinops sagax SF 6.58E E E E (32) 193 Sardinops sagax SF 6.98E E E E (32) 194 Sardinops sagax SF 8.43E E E E (32) 195 Sardinops sagax SF 8.47E E E E (32) 196 Sardinops sagax SF 8.92E E E E (32) 197 Sardinops sagax SF 8.57E E E E (32) 198 Sardinops sagax SF 6.10E E E E (32) 199 Sardinops sagax SF 4.94E E E E (32) 200 Sardinops sagax SF 4.58E E E E (32) 201 Sardinops sagax SF 3.48E E E E (32) 202 Anchoa mitchilli SF 1.51E E E E-06 4 (33) 203 Anchoa mitchilli SF 2.87E E E E-06 4 (33) 204 Anchoa mitchilli SF 4.60E E E E-06 4 (33) 205 Anchoa mitchilli SF 6.70E E E E-06 4 (33) 206 Anchoa mitchilli SF 1.17E E E E-05 4 (33) 207 Anchoa mitchilli SF 1.77E E E E-05 4 (33) 208 Anchoa mitchilli SF 2.49E E E E-05 4 (33) 209 Anchoa mitchilli SF 3.08E E E E-06 4 (33) 210 Anchoa mitchilli SF 5.73E E E E-06 4 (33) 211 Anchoa mitchilli SF 8.74E E E E-06 4 (33) 212 Anchoa mitchilli SF 3.06E E E E-05 4 (33) 213 Anchoa mitchilli SF 4.72E E E E-05 4 (33) 214 Anchoa mitchilli SF 6.76E E E E-05 4 (33) 215 Anchoa mitchilli SF 9.00E E E E-05 4 (33) 216 Anchoa mitchilli SF 1.82E E E E-05 4 (33) 217 Anchoa mitchilli SF 3.18E E E E-06 4 (33) 218 Anchoa mitchilli SF 9.22E E E E-06 4 (33) 219 Anchoa mitchilli SF 1.98E E E E-05 4 (33) 220 Anchoa mitchilli SF 3.79E E E E-05 4 (33) 221 Anchoa mitchilli SF 5.92E E E E-05 4 (33) 222 Anchoa mitchilli SF 8.57E E E E-05 4 (33) 223 Anchoa mitchilli SF 1.24E E E E-05 4 (33) 224 rhomboidalis SF 2.60E E E E-06 4 (33) 225 rhomboidalis SF 4.16E E E E-06 4 (33) 226 rhomboidalis SF 5.81E E E E-06 4 (33) 227 rhomboidalis SF 9.80E E E E-05 4 (33) 228 rhomboidalis SF 1.46E E E E-05 4 (33) 229 rhomboidalis SF 1.37E E E E-05 4 (33) 230 rhomboidalis SF 2.21E E E E-05 4 (33)

12 231 rhomboidalis SF 3.62E E E E-05 4 (33) 232 rhomboidalis SF 5.42E E E E-05 4 (33) 233 rhomboidalis SF 7.83E E E E-05 4 (33) 234 rhomboidalis SF 2.78E E E E-06 4 (33) 235 rhomboidalis SF 5.72E E E E-06 4 (33) 236 rhomboidalis SF 9.34E E E E-06 4 (33) 237 rhomboidalis SF 1.44E E E E-05 4 (33) 238 rhomboidalis SF 2.09E E E E-05 4 (33) 239 rhomboidalis SF 2.72E E E E-05 4 (33) 240 rhomboidalis SF 3.40E E E E-05 4 (33) 241 Achirus lineatus SF 2.12E E E E-06 4 (33) 242 Achirus lineatus SF 3.90E E E E-06 4 (33) 243 Achirus lineatus SF 5.86E E E E-05 4 (33) 244 Achirus lineatus SF 7.93E E E E-05 4 (33) 245 Achirus lineatus SF 1.01E E E E-05 4 (33) 246 Achirus lineatus SF 5.14E E E E-06 4 (33) 247 Achirus lineatus SF 7.70E E E E-06 4 (33) 248 Achirus lineatus SF 1.21E E E E-05 4 (33) 249 Achirus lineatus SF 1.65E E E E-05 4 (33) 250 Achirus lineatus SF 2.16E E E E-05 4 (33) 251 Achirus lineatus SF 2.88E E E E-05 4 (33) 252 Achirus lineatus SF 3.59E E E E-05 4 (33) 253 Achirus lineatus SF 5.80E E E E-06 4 (33) 254 Achirus lineatus SF 9.44E E E E-06 4 (33) 255 Achirus lineatus SF 2.04E E E E-05 4 (33) 256 Achirus lineatus SF 2.91E E E E-05 4 (33) 257 Achirus lineatus SF 4.07E E E E-05 4 (33) 258 rhomboidalis SF 3.45E E E E-06 4 (34) 259 rhomboidalis SF 4.15E E E E-06 4 (34) 260 rhomboidalis SF 7.33E E E E-06 4 (34) 261 rhomboidalis SF 6.80E E E E-06 4 (34) 262 rhomboidalis SF 1.27E E E E-06 4 (34) 263 rhomboidalis SF 1.04E E E E-05 4 (34) 264 rhomboidalis SF 4.91E E E E-05 4 (34) 265 rhomboidalis SF 5.50E E E E-05 4 (34) 266 SF 1.05E E E E-05 4 (34)

13 rhomboidalis 267 rhomboidalis SF 6.42E E E E-05 4 (34) 268 rhomboidalis SF 5.39E E E E-05 4 (34) 269 rhomboidalis SF 7.17E E E E-05 4 (34) 270 rhomboidalis SF 5.45E E E E-05 4 (34) 271 rhomboidalis SF 1.37E E E E-05 4 (34) 272 rhomboidalis SF 1.69E E E E-05 4 (34) 273 rhomboidalis SF 2.31E E E E-04 4 (34) 274 rhomboidalis SF 1.76E E E E-04 4 (34) 275 rhomboidalis SF 2.18E E E E-04 4 (34) 276 rhomboidalis SF 4.91E E E E-04 4 (34) 277 rhomboidalis SF 4.86E E E E-04 4 (34) 278 rhomboidalis SF 1.13E E E E-06 4 (34) 279 rhomboidalis SF 2.10E E E E-06 4 (34) 280 rhomboidalis SF 5.18E E E E-06 4 (34) 281 rhomboidalis SF 5.39E E E E-06 4 (34) 282 rhomboidalis SF 1.02E E E E-06 4 (34) 283 rhomboidalis SF 7.01E E E E-06 4 (34) 284 rhomboidalis SF 1.11E E E E-06 4 (34) 285 rhomboidalis SF 7.87E E E E-05 4 (34) 286 rhomboidalis SF 4.91E E E E-05 4 (34) 287 rhomboidalis SF 8.95E E E E-05 4 (34) 288 rhomboidalis SF 1.07E E E E-05 4 (34) 289 rhomboidalis SF 1.15E E E E-05 4 (34) 290 rhomboidalis SF 1.35E E E E-05 4 (34) 291 rhomboidalis SF 8.84E E E E-05 4 (34) 292 rhomboidalis SF 1.18E E E E-05 4 (34) 293 rhomboidalis SF 1.14E E E E-05 4 (34) 294 SF 2.18E E E E-05 4 (34)

14 rhomboidalis 295 rhomboidalis SF 3.77E E E E-04 4 (34) 296 rhomboidalis SF 3.13E E E E-06 4 (34) 297 rhomboidalis SF 1.67E E E E-06 4 (34) 298 rhomboidalis SF 6.47E E E E-06 4 (34) 299 rhomboidalis SF 1.13E E E E-06 4 (34) 300 rhomboidalis SF 5.88E E E E-06 4 (34) 301 rhomboidalis SF 5.45E E E E-06 4 (34) 302 rhomboidalis SF 3.29E E E E-05 4 (34) 303 rhomboidalis SF 2.16E E E E-05 4 (34) 304 rhomboidalis SF 1.73E E E E-05 4 (34) 305 rhomboidalis SF 3.45E E E E-05 4 (34) 306 rhomboidalis SF 4.48E E E E-05 4 (34) 307 rhomboidalis SF 5.66E E E E-05 4 (34) 308 rhomboidalis SF 7.66E E E E-05 4 (34) 309 rhomboidalis SF 6.47E E E E-05 4 (34) 310 rhomboidalis SF 9.11E E E E-05 4 (34) 311 rhomboidalis SF 4.64E E E E-05 4 (34) 312 rhomboidalis SF 6.31E E E E-05 4 (34) 313 rhomboidalis SF 1.41E E E E-05 4 (34) 314 rhomboidalis SF 1.32E E E E-05 4 (34) 315 Brevoortia tyrannus FF 2.91E E E E (35) 316 Brevoortia tyrannus FF 2.95E E E E (35) 317 Brevoortia tyrannus FF 3.83E E E E (35) 318 Brevoortia tyrannus FF 4.62E E E E (35) 319 Scomber scombrus SF 2.62E E E E (36) 320 Scomber scombrus SF 2.76E E E E (36) 321 Scomber scombrus SF 1.71E E E E (36) 322 Scomber scombrus SF 2.91E E E E (36) 323 Scomber scombrus SF 1.08E E E E (36) 324 Scomber scombrus SF 9.07E E E E (36) 325 Scomber scombrus FF 3.17E E E E (36) 326 Scomber scombrus FF 6.05E E E E (36) 327 Scomber scombrus FF 6.48E E E E (36)

15 328 Scomber scombrus FF 7.34E E E E (36) 329 Scomber scombrus FF 7.49E E E E (36) 330 Scomber scombrus FF 8.93E E E E (36) 331 Scomber scombrus FF 1.02E E E E (36) 332 Scomber scombrus FF 1.14E E E E (36) 333 Scomber scombrus FF 1.27E E E E (36) 334 Scomber scombrus FF 3.17E E E E (36) 335 Scomber scombrus FF 4.18E E E E (36) 336 Scomber scombrus FF 3.17E E E E (36) 337 Scomber scombrus FF 1.15E E E E (36) 338 Scomber scombrus FF 3.46E E E E (36) 339 Scomber scombrus FF 1.73E E E E (36) 340 Scomber scombrus FF 3.60E E E E (36) 341 Scomber scombrus FF 3.60E E E E (36) 342 Scomber scombrus FF 3.02E E E E (36) 343 Alosa pseudoharengus SF 2.81E E E E (37) 344 Alosa pseudoharengus SF 3.97E E E E (37) 345 Alosa pseudoharengus SF 5.40E E E E (37) 346 Alosa pseudoharengus SF 2.47E E E E (37) 347 Alosa pseudoharengus SF 1.36E E E E (37) 348 Alosa pseudoharengus SF 1.44E E E E (37) 349 Alosa pseudoharengus SF 5.18E E E E (37) 350 Alosa pseudoharengus SF 3.72E E E E (37) 351 Alosa pseudoharengus SF 8.96E E E E (37) 352 Alosa pseudoharengus SF 6.93E E E E (37) 353 Alosa pseudoharengus SF 4.46E E E E (37) 354 Alosa pseudoharengus SF 7.69E E E E (37) 355 Alosa pseudoharengus SF 7.02E E E E (37) 356 Alosa pseudoharengus SF 2.33E E E E (37) 357 Alosa pseudoharengus SF 3.45E E E E (37) 358 Alosa pseudoharengus SF 5.61E E E E (37) 359 Alosa pseudoharengus SF 4.48E E E E (37) 360 Alosa pseudoharengus SF 3.30E E E E (37) 361 Alosa pseudoharengus SF 2.59E E E E (37) 362 Alosa pseudoharengus SF 2.88E E E E (37) 363 Alosa pseudoharengus SF 1.62E E E E (37) 364 Alosa pseudoharengus SF 2.00E E E E (37) 365 Alosa pseudoharengus SF 1.74E E E E (37) 366 Alosa pseudoharengus SF 1.14E E E E (37) 367 Coregonus hoyi SF 1.02E E E E (37) 368 Coregonus hoyi SF 1.51E E E E (37) 369 Coregonus hoyi SF 2.78E E E E (37) 370 Coregonus hoyi SF 9.31E E E E (37) 371 Coregonus hoyi SF 1.02E E E E (37) 372 Coregonus hoyi SF 4.52E E E E (37) 373 Coregonus hoyi SF 3.83E E E E (37) 374 Coregonus hoyi SF 2.92E E E E (37) 375 Coregonus hoyi SF 2.35E E E E (37) 376 Coregonus hoyi SF 2.52E E E E (37) 377 Coregonus hoyi SF 6.73E E E E (37)

16 378 Coregonus hoyi SF 9.48E E E E (37) 379 Coregonus hoyi SF 1.48E E E E (37) 380 Coregonus hoyi SF 7.87E E E E (37) 381 Coregonus hoyi SF 2.99E E E E (37) 382 Coregonus hoyi SF 5.10E E E E (37) 383 Coregonus hoyi SF 8.90E E E E (37) 384 Coregonus hoyi SF 3.41E E E E (37) 385 Coregonus hoyi SF 8.66E E E E (37) 386 Coregonus hoyi SF 1.41E E E E (37) 387 Coregonus hoyi SF 5.84E E E E (37) 388 Coregonus hoyi SF 3.89E E E E (37) 389 Coregonus hoyi SF 2.62E E E E (37) 390 Coregonus hoyi SF 1.67E E E E (37) 391 Coregonus hoyi SF 2.99E E E E (37) 392 Coregonus hoyi SF 4.71E E E E (37) 393 Coregonus hoyi SF 2.15E E E E (37) 394 Coregonus hoyi SF 2.44E E E E (37) 395 Coregonus hoyi SF 2.46E E E E (37) 396 Coregonus hoyi SF 1.54E E E E (37) 397 Coregonus hoyi SF 1.21E E E E (37) 398 Coregonus hoyi SF 8.96E E E E (37) 399 Coregonus hoyi SF 6.87E E E E (37) 400 Perca flavescens SF 3.92E E E E (37) 401 Perca flavescens SF 7.93E E E E (37) 402 Perca flavescens SF 6.66E E E E (37) 403 Perca flavescens SF 2.33E E E E (37) 404 Perca flavescens SF 1.51E E E E (37) 405 Perca flavescens SF 9.51E E E E (37) 406 Perca flavescens SF 1.46E E E E (37) 407 Perca flavescens SF 1.11E E E E (37) 408 Perca flavescens SF 5.62E E E E (37) 409 Perca flavescens SF 5.56E E E E (37) 410 Perca flavescens SF 2.79E E E E (37) 411 Perca flavescens SF 6.50E E E E (37) 412 Perca flavescens SF 1.84E E E E (37) 413 Perca flavescens SF 1.42E E E E (37) 414 Perca flavescens SF 6.20E E E E (37) 415 Perca flavescens SF 2.30E E E E (37) 416 Perca flavescens SF 1.16E E E E (37) 417 Perca flavescens SF 2.15E E E E (37) 418 Perca flavescens SF 8.69E E E E (37) 419 Aurelia aurita J 4.57E E E E (38) 420 Aurelia aurita J 2.51E E E E (38) 421 Aurelia aurita J 3.54E E E E (38) 422 Aurelia aurita J 5.63E E E E (38) 423 Aurelia aurita J 1.62E E E E (38) 424 Aurelia aurita J 1.65E E E E (38) 425 Aurelia aurita J 5.88E E E E (38) 426 Aurelia aurita J 7.82E E E E (38) 427 Aurelia aurita J 7.83E E E E (38)

17 428 Aurelia aurita J 2.19E E E E (38) 429 Aurelia aurita J 1.80E E E E (38) 430 Aurelia aurita J 2.73E E E E (38) 431 Aurelia aurita J 4.52E E E E (38) 432 Aurelia aurita J 4.38E E E E (38) 433 Aurelia aurita J 1.86E E E E (38) 434 Aurelia aurita J 2.35E E E E (38) 435 Aurelia aurita J 2.37E E E E (38) 436 Aurelia aurita J 1.91E E E E (38) 437 Aurelia aurita J 2.16E E E E (38) 438 Aurelia aurita J 3.78E E E E (38) 439 Aurelia aurita J 2.97E E E E (38) 440 Aurelia aurita J 3.38E E E E (38) 441 Aurelia aurita J 3.88E E E E (38) 442 Aurelia aurita J 3.97E E E E (38) 443 Aurelia aurita J 4.28E E E E (38) 444 Aurelia aurita J 2.06E E E E-03 8 (39) 445 Aurelia aurita J 1.69E E E E-03 8 (39) 446 Aurelia aurita J 1.31E E E E-03 8 (39) 447 Aurelia aurita J 9.87E E E E-03 8 (39) 448 Aurelia aurita J 7.45E E E E-03 8 (39) 449 Aurelia aurita J 5.31E E E E-03 8 (39) 450 Aurelia aurita J 4.61E E E E-03 8 (39) 451 Aurelia aurita J 9.68E E E E-02 8 (39) 452 Aurelia aurita J 1.15E E E E-02 8 (39) 453 Aurelia aurita J 1.90E E E E-02 8 (39) 454 Aurelia aurita J 2.13E E E E-02 8 (39) 455 Aurelia aurita J 1.75E E E E-01 8 (39) 456 Aurelia aurita J 1.65E E E E-02 8 (39) 457 Aurelia aurita J 1.43E E E E-01 8 (39) 458 Aurelia aurita J 1.39E E E E-01 8 (39) 459 Aurelia aurita J 1.08E E E E-01 8 (39) 460 Aurelia aurita J 1.56E E E E-01 8 (39) 461 Aurelia aurita J 2.52E E E E-01 8 (39) 462 Aurelia aurita J 2.51E E E E-01 8 (39) 463 Aurelia aurita J 5.71E E E E-01 8 (39) 464 Aurelia aurita J 5.28E E E E-03 8 (28) 465 Aurelia aurita J 3.74E E E E-03 8 (28) 466 Aurelia aurita J 1.82E E E E-03 8 (28) 467 Aurelia aurita J 7.20E E E E-03 8 (28) 468 Aurelia aurita J 1.87E E E E-03 8 (28) 469 Aurelia aurita J 2.88E E E E-02 8 (28) 470 Aurelia aurita J 2.28E E E E-02 8 (28) 471 Aurelia aurita J 2.35E E E E-02 8 (28) 472 Aurelia aurita J 2.88E E E E-04 8 (28) 473 Aurelia aurita J 1.32E E E E-04 8 (28) 474 Aurelia aurita J 5.28E E E E-04 8 (28) 475 Aurelia aurita J 4.87E E E E-04 8 (28) 476 Aurelia aurita J 1.27E E E E-04 8 (28) 477 Aurelia aurita J 1.38E E E E-02 8 (28)

18 478 Aurelia aurita J 2.40E E E E-03 8 (28) 479 Cyanea capillata J 6.22E E E E (28) 480 Staurophora mertensi J 1.10E E E E-02 7 (28) 481 Aurelia aurita J 3.09E E E E-02 8 (28) 482 Aurelia aurita J 2.57E E E E-02 8 (28) 483 Aurelia aurita J 1.65E E E E-02 8 (28) 484 Aurelia aurita J 3.57E E E E-02 8 (28) 485 Aurelia aurita J 1.40E E E E-02 8 (28) 486 Aurelia aurita J 1.76E E E E-02 8 (28) 487 Aurelia aurita J 1.12E E E E-03 8 (28) 488 Aurelia aurita J 2.77E E E E-03 8 (28) 489 Aurelia aurita J 2.56E E E E-03 8 (28) 490 Aurelia aurita J 1.37E E E E-02 8 (28) 491 Aurelia aurita J 1.00E E E E-02 8 (28) 492 Aurelia aurita J 1.98E E E E-02 8 (28) 493 Aurelia aurita J 3.02E E E E-02 8 (28) 494 Aurelia aurita J 3.18E E E E-02 8 (28) 495 Aurelia aurita J 4.81E E E E-02 8 (28) 496 Aurelia aurita J 4.32E E E E-02 8 (28) 497 Aurelia aurita J 4.74E E E E-02 8 (28) 498 Aurelia aurita J 6.30E E E E-02 8 (28) 499 Aurelia aurita J 4.30E E E E-02 8 (28) 500 Aurelia aurita J 3.60E E E E-02 8 (28) 501 Aurelia aurita J 3.51E E E E-02 8 (28) 502 Aurelia aurita J 5.39E E E E-02 8 (28) 503 Aurelia aurita J 8.65E E E E-02 8 (28) 504 Aurelia aurita J 4.88E E E E-03 8 (28) 505 Aurelia aurita J 1.16E E E E-03 8 (28) 506 Aurelia aurita J 1.60E E E E-03 8 (28) 507 Aurelia aurita J 5.11E E E E-03 8 (28) 508 Aurelia aurita J 6.28E E E E-03 8 (28) 509 Aurelia aurita J 1.67E E E E-03 8 (28) 510 Aurelia aurita J 1.79E E E E-03 8 (28) 511 Aurelia aurita J 2.65E E E E-02 8 (28) 512 Aurelia aurita J 2.91E E E E-02 8 (28) 513 Aurelia aurita J 3.42E E E E-02 8 (28) 514 Aurelia aurita J 3.18E E E E-02 8 (28) 515 Aurelia aurita J 2.25E E E E-02 8 (28) 516 Aurelia aurita J 2.32E E E E-02 8 (28) 517 Aurelia aurita J 2.05E E E E-02 8 (28) 518 Aurelia aurita J 3.65E E E E-02 8 (28) 519 Aurelia aurita J 4.21E E E E-02 8 (28) 520 Aurelia aurita J 4.42E E E E-02 8 (28) 521 Aurelia aurita J 4.81E E E E-02 8 (28) 522 Aurelia aurita J 5.67E E E E-02 8 (28) 523 Aurelia aurita J 8.79E E E E-01 8 (28) 524 Aurelia aurita J 1.84E E E E-03 6 (40) 525 Aurelia aurita J 4.17E E E E-03 6 (40) 526 Aurelia aurita J 2.32E E E E-03 6 (40) 527 Aurelia aurita J 1.89E E E E-03 6 (40)

19 528 Aurelia aurita J 1.67E E E E-03 6 (40) 529 Aurelia aurita J 2.02E E E E-03 6 (40) 530 Aurelia aurita J 2.75E E E E-03 6 (40) 531 Aurelia aurita J 2.54E E E E-03 6 (40) 532 Aurelia aurita J 1.84E E E E-03 6 (40) 533 Aurelia aurita J 2.60E E E E-03 6 (40) 534 Aurelia aurita J 2.50E E E E-02 6 (40) 535 Aurelia aurita J 2.18E E E E-02 6 (40) 536 Aurelia aurita J 2.58E E E E-02 6 (40) 537 Aurelia aurita J 2.56E E E E-02 6 (40) 538 Aurelia aurita J 2.78E E E E-02 6 (40) 539 Aurelia aurita J 2.39E E E E-02 6 (40) 540 Aurelia aurita J 2.14E E E E-02 6 (40) 541 Aurelia aurita J 2.58E E E E-02 6 (40) 542 Aurelia aurita J 2.37E E E E-02 6 (40) 543 Aurelia aurita J 2.36E E E E-02 6 (40) 544 Aurelia aurita J 2.57E E E E-02 6 (40) 545 Aurelia aurita J 3.30E E E E-02 6 (40) 546 Aurelia aurita J 2.38E E E E-02 6 (40) 547 Aurelia aurita J 2.76E E E E-02 6 (40) 548 Aurelia aurita J 2.61E E E E-02 6 (40) 549 Aurelia aurita J 8.26E E E E (41) 550 Aurelia aurita J 7.86E E E E (41) 551 Aurelia aurita J 8.63E E E E (41) 552 Aurelia aurita J 7.57E E E E (41) 553 Aurelia aurita J 2.80E E E E (41) 554 Aurelia aurita J 1.60E E E E (41) 555 Aurelia aurita J 1.14E E E E (41) 556 Aurelia aurita J 1.15E E E E (41) 557 Aurelia aurita J 1.48E E E E (41) 558 Aurelia aurita J 1.49E E E E (41) 559 Aurelia aurita J 5.63E E E E (41) 560 Aurelia aurita J 3.71E E E E (41) 561 Aurelia aurita J 2.74E E E E (41) 562 Aurelia aurita J 4.17E E E E (41) 563 Aurelia aurita J 3.43E E E E (41) 564 Aurelia aurita J 6.18E E E E (41) 565 Aurelia aurita J 1.53E E E E (41) 566 Aurelia aurita J 1.69E E E E (41) 567 Aurelia aurita J 1.54E E E E (41) 568 Aurelia aurita J 2.32E E E E (41) 569 Aurelia aurita J 3.45E E E E (41) 570 Aurelia aurita J 9.34E E E E (41) 571 Aurelia aurita J 1.20E E E E (41) 572 Aurelia aurita J 2.05E E E E (41) 573 Aurelia aurita J 1.90E E E E (41) 574 Aurelia aurita J 1.48E E E E (41) 575 Aurelia aurita J 2.68E E E E (41) 576 Aurelia aurita J 3.27E E E E (41) 577 Aurelia aurita J 5.27E E E E (41)

20 578 Aurelia aurita J 6.03E E E E (41) 579 Cyanea capillata J 4.41E E E E (41) 580 Cyanea capillata J 5.36E E E E (41) 581 Cyanea capillata J 9.54E E E E (41) 582 Cyanea capillata J 1.11E E E E (41) 583 Cyanea capillata J 7.15E E E E (41) 584 Cyanea capillata J 5.60E E E E (41) 585 Cyanea capillata J 4.29E E E E (41) 586 Cyanea capillata J 1.25E E E E (41) 587 Cyanea capillata J 9.77E E E E (41) 588 Cyanea capillata J 1.18E E E E (41) 589 Cyanea capillata J 1.16E E E E (41) 590 Cyanea capillata J 2.79E E E E (41) 591 Cyanea capillata J 1.01E E E E (41) 592 Cyanea capillata J 1.41E E E E (41) 593 Cyanea capillata J 5.72E E E E (41) 594 Cyanea capillata J 5.25E E E E (41) 595 Cyanea capillata J 1.56E E E E (41) 596 Cyanea capillata J 1.13E E E E (41) 597 Cyanea capillata J 3.21E E E E (41) 598 Cyanea capillata J 1.23E E E E (41) 599 Cyanea capillata J 1.04E E E E (41) 600 Cyanea capillata J 8.94E E E E (41) 601 Cyanea capillata J 3.70E E E E (41) 602 Cyanea capillata J 1.72E E E E (41) 603 Cyanea capillata J 1.41E E E E (41) 604 Cyanea capillata J 8.23E E E E (41) 605 Cyanea capillata J 2.22E E E E (41) 606 Cyanea capillata J 1.38E E E E (41) 607 Cyanea capillata J 7.87E E E E (41) 608 Cyanea capillata J 9.42E E E E (41) 609 Cyanea capillata J 1.63E E E E (41) 610 Cyanea capillata J 3.16E E E E (41) 611 Cyanea capillata J 3.24E E E E (41) 612 Cyanea capillata J 2.48E E E E (41) 613 Cyanea capillata J 2.12E E E E (41) 614 Cyanea capillata J 8.94E E E E (41) 615 Cyanea capillata J 2.00E E E E (41) 616 Cyanea capillata J 1.07E E E E (41) 617 Cyanea capillata J 1.23E E E E (41) 618 Cyanea capillata J 2.48E E E E (41) 619 Cyanea capillata J 2.36E E E E (41) 620 Cyanea capillata J 1.03E E E E (41) Chrysaora 621 quinquecirrha J 1.19E E E E-03 3 (42) Chrysaora 622 quinquecirrha J 9.71E E E E-02 3 (42) Chrysaora 623 quinquecirrha J 1.36E E E E-02 3 (42) Chrysaora 624 quinquecirrha J 1.17E E E E-02 3 (42)