This presentation is brought chomp! to you by. chomp! Grammar Bytes!, 2012 by Robin L. Simmons.

Transcription

1 This presentation is brought chomp! to you by Grammar Bytes!, chomp! 2012 by Robin L. Simmons.

2 Fragments, Comma Splices, and Fused Sentences How do I know if I have too little in a sentence... And how can I tell if I have too much?

3 This You presentation will learn to recognize covers avoiding complete sentence sentences, employ fragments, appropriate comma splices, punctuation, and use and subordination fused and sentences. coordination.

4 A fragment, comma splice, and/or fused sentence item on an objective test might look like this...

5 Sample Item At the pizzeria, Jolene eavesdropped on on the A argument at the next table, while hot cheese hot cheese B cascaded over her slice of of pizza onto her bare C The comma Is the between lap. A. pizzeria; Jolene B. table while hot C. pizza. cascaded. Onto Over D. No change is necessary. table punctuation and hot (or makes lack of a it) comma at A, splice, B, an error C that option incorrect? B fixes.

6 A sentence must have a subject, verb, and complete thought. Andre practiced jump shots to impress Coach Nelson. Andre = subject, practiced = verb, and the thought = complete, so you have a sentence.

7 Recognize a fragment when you see one. As Andre Andre spinning spun spun the the ball the ball the to ball to show to to show off off his his off off his skills. his skills. Now Finally! there s A no Yikes! Spinning Now the a subject, a so verb, you verb, thought so you is have not and still a have complete a a fragment! complete! fragment. thought!

8 Recognize fused sentences and comma splices. Andre sank a perfect basket from half court unfortunately the the coach s coach s back back was was turned. turned. Andre sank a perfect basket from half court, unfortunately the the coach s coach s back back was was turned. turned. You cannot You cannot run together join two two sentences with no punctuation! a comma!

9 Fix the er ror with a period and a capital letter. Andre sank a perfect basket from half court. unfortunately Unfortunately, the coach s the coach s back back was was turned. turned. Swish goes the period!

10 Fix the er ror with a comma and a coordinating conjunction. Andre sank a perfect basket from half court, unfortunately but the coach s the back coach s was back turned. was turned. Be my FANBOYS for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so.

11 Fix the er ror with a semicolon. Andre sank a perfect basket from half court; unfortunately, the coach s the coach s back back was was turned. turned. Use the semicolon sparingly 3 to 4 times per essay, max.

12 Fix the er ror with a subordinate conjunction. Andre sank a perfect basket from half court after unfortunately the coach s back the was coach s turned. back was turned. Reduce one of the two clauses to an incomplete thought.

13 These are the subordinate conjunctions. after although as because before even though if, even if in order that once provided that since so [that implied], so that than that though unless when, whenever where, wherever, whereas whether while

14 Remember these general punctuation r ules when subordinating one of the clauses in the er ror. Subordinate clause +, + m ain clause. M ain clause + Ø + subordinate clause.

15 Here s our sample: Although Andre sank a perfect basket from half court, the coach s back was turned. Andre sank a perfect basket from half court after the coach s back was turned. Adding an Dropping unnecessary the comma after comma court is is like a championship grandstanding game when turnover! a teammate is open!

16 Quick Test Directions: In the items that follow, choose the option that corrects an error in the underlined portion(s). If no error exists, choose No change is necessary. Show me you got game!

17 Item 1 The dogs drooled while we we ate slices of of hot A pizza, but the cat feigned nonchalance even B C though we knew that she wanted a pepperoni. A. drooled. While B. pizza, but C. nonchalance. Even D. No change is necessary.

18 Item 2 Mary Ellen screamed, her roommate s pet tarantula crawled out of the bag of popcorn. A. screamed her B. screamed; because, her C. screamed as her D. No change is necessary.

19 Item 3 Running late with dinner, Elizabeth fussed with A seasonings and wiped spots off off the the B glasses. while While the family stared at at their empty C plates. A. dinner; Elizabeth B. seasonings, and C. glasses while D. No change is necessary.

20 Item 4 Everyone scrambled off the lakeside patio. When the 10-foot alligator lumbered onto shore. A. patio when B. patio; when C. patio, when D. No change is necessary.

21 Item 5 The glass of iced tea promised thirst-quenching refreshment. Roseanne, however, had had to beat to beat A B Maria to the refrigerator as as they raced through C the front door. A. refreshment. Roseanne B. however; had C. refrigerator; as D. No change is necessary.

22 Item 6 Warren wanted to make a good impression on Melody but the soda explosion that soaked his shirt ruined their first meeting. A. Melody; but, the B. Melody; however, the C. Melody, however, the D. No change is necessary.

23 Item 7 Because of the hot sun, ice cream ran down the A cone and coated Randall s fingers, his his for his tongue tongue B C C couldn t keep up. A. sun; ice cream B. cone, and C. fingers, for his D. No change is necessary.

24 Item 8 Wanda took a deep breath and got ready to yell. Because Paul was about to explain why his half of the rent would be late again. A. yell, because B. yell because C. yell for D. No change is necessary.

25 Item 9 After Simon bought roses for Emily, he spotted A Derek s car in her driveway and realized that this B gesture would not repair the relationship or or win win C back her love. A. Emily. he B. driveway. And C. relationship; or D. No change is necessary.

26 Item 10 Since Larry had studied for hours; he was relieved to find a big red A at the top of his grammar quiz. A. hours he B. hours. He C. hours, he D. No change is necessary.

27 Grammar Bytes! provides additional handouts and exercises on fragments, comma splices, chomp! and fused sentences. Go to chomp! chompchomp.com!

28 The End.