Course Outline. Pharmacy Technician Training Program and Examination

Transcription

1 Exhibit 3 Course Outline Pharmacy Technician Training Program and Examination Following is the Course Outline and Curriculum for this training program in compliance with the items listed in the Application.

2 Pharmacy Technician Training Curriculum Developed by ICPT Instructor Pharmacist in Charge Senior pharmacist Content developer Institute for the Certification of Pharmacy Technicians Employer [Type your office location here] Contact information Employer contact information Text: National Pharmacy Technician Training Program, 7 th Edition, by Ken Schafermeyer, RPh, PhD and Brandon Williams, CPhT National Pharmacy Technician Training Program Workbook An instructor manual is also available that includes key words, discussion questions and sample. Description: This training program is designed for the pharmacy technician trainee, under the supervision of their pharmacist or instructor, to prepare for a career as a pharmacy technician, national certification or state examination. The program is designed to be a cooperative effort between the technician trainee and the pharmacist/instructor therefore it is structured with interactive and competency assessments to plan for future career development. The training can be divided into three levels of training with measures of proficiency for each. The initial level, Level 1, is designed to introduce the student to the initial concepts of pharmacy. The second level is designed to prepare the student for national certification. The third level is to prepare the student further for their career in pharmacy. The third level addresses information considered beyond that necessary to be minimally competent. Goals: The goal of the National Pharmacy Technician Training Program is to provide knowledge and set expectations that should be possessed by pharmacy technicians to assist pharmacists in the preparation of prescriptions. Evaluation: Completion of the sample test questions at the end of each chapter Completion of the self-assessment checklists at the end of chapter Instructor developed assessments

3 Course Schedule: The following course schedule reflects covering designated modules with hours of experience per module related to the content covered. It is recommended that each technician and pharmacist/instructor complete this at the pace they find comfortable and effective but in any case no longer than a six-month period. Module Topic Required Reading Experiential Training* 1 Basic Overview Task differentiation (Levels 1, 2 & Principles of patient confidentially (Levels 1, 2 & Procedures of pharmacy workflow (Levels 1, 2 & Federal and state laws and regulations affecting pharmacy (Levels 1, 2 & Policies and procedures instituted by the state board of pharmacy (Levels 1, 2 & Pharmacy security (Levels 1, 2 & Pharmacy department reference sources (Levels 2 & Chapter I: Basic Overview - Review the technician s job description - Have the technician observe patient interactions and describe how confidentiality was or was not maintained - While prescriptions are being filled, have the technician outline what is within and outside the scope of their duties - Ask student to compare and contrast information in pharmacy references - Instructor s Manual Chapter 1 2 Prescription Processing Basics Dosage forms (Levels 1, 2 & Prescription containers and closures (Levels 1, 2 & Child-resistant containers (Levels 1, 2 & Generic substitution (Levels 1, 2 & Medication stock bottles (Levels 1, 2 & NDC number characeristics(levels 2 & Safe practices regarding easily confused products (Levels 1, 2 & Programs for public safety (Levels 1, 2 & Management of dispensing errors (Levels 1, 2 & Pregnancy categories (Levels 1, 2 & Chapter II: Prescription Medications General - In the pharmacy, have the technician identify the various dosage forms often used - Ask the technician to identify medications representing oral, topical, otic and ophthalmic dosage forms - Ask the technician to identify key information from product literature - Ask the technician to

4 differentiate why different dosage forms are used and for what reasons - Ask the technician to appropriate select containers for prescriptions that are filled - Instructor s Manual Chapter 2 Note: use exceptions to typical practices as a teaching moment with technicians 3 Controlled Substances Controlled substances schedules (Levels 1, 2 & Filling controlled substance prescriptions (Levels 1, 2 & Refills, partial refills, and transfers of controlled substances (Levels 1, 2 & Storing and ordering controlled substances (Levels 1, 2 & Record-keeping and filing procedures for controlled substance prescriptions (Levels 1, 2 & Handling Schedule V non-prescription sales (Levels 1, 2 & Destruction of controlled substances (Levels 1, 2 & Legitimate versus illegitimate DEA numbers (Levels 2 & Drug diversion in patients and co-workers (Levels 1, 2 & Chapter III: Prescription medications Controlled Substances - Ask the technician to identify products in each schedule category - Have the technician explain the differences between federal and state law in your state - Test the technician to learn if they can Identify clear violations regarding scheduled substances - Instructor s Manual Chapter 3 Note: use each scheduled prescription as a teaching opportunity. Make sure to address store specific policies.

5 4 Prescription Processing Professions which may prescribe medications (Levels 1, 2 & Information required on completed prescription forms for controlled substances and noncontrolled substances (Levels 1, 2 & Communication of prescription informaiton (Levels 1, 2 & Abbreviations and symbols used in prescriptions (Levels 1, 2 & Medical abbreviations that should be avoided (Levels 1, 2 & Chapter IV: Prescriptions - Use prescriptions being filled in the pharmacy and ask the technician to identify missing information - Have the technician translate prescriber s instructions on prescriptions with a variety of complexity - Have the technician articulate how errors can be minimized and point out examples from the pharmacy Instructor s Manual Chapter 4

6 Module Topic Required Reading Experiential Training* 5 Pharmacy Math Systems of measurement (Levels 1, 2 & Conversions between systems(levels 1, 2 & Ratios and proportions (Levels 1, 2 & Reducing or enlarging formulas (Levels 2 & Specific gravity (Level Tonicity (Level Stock solutions (Levels 2 & Compounding (Levels 2 & Aliquots (Level Percentage preparations (i.e., w/w, w/v, v/v) (Levels 2 & IV flow rates and infusion time (Levels 2 & Temperature conversion (Levels 2 & Prescription dosages, quantities and days supply (Levels 1, 2 & Children s dosages (Levels 1, 2 & Milliequivalents (Levels 2 & Business calculations (e.g., gross margin, markup, and inventory turnover) (Levels 2 & Chapter V: Pharmacy Calculations - Test the technician with prescription examples from the pharmacy - Ask the technician to convert units - Ask the technician to perform calculations in more than one way - Ask technicians to verify and validate dosages in mg/kg for adult and pediatric patients - Illustrate an over and underdosing situation and discuss the impacts - Instructor s Manual Chapter 5

7 Module Topic Required Reading Experiential Training* Patient Interaction: Principles of patient care (Levels 1, 2, & - Observe technicians Maintaining caring attitude (Levels 1, 2, & interaction with patients and Communication techniques (Levels 1, 2, & discuss what went well and could have gone better Professional appearance (Levels 1, 2, & - Observe the technicians Telephone communication strategies phone etiquette and discuss 6 (Levels 1, 2, & what went well and could Chapter VI: Patient Nonverbal communication (Levels 1, 2, & have gone better Interaction Message taking (Levels 1, 2, & - Ask the technician to Technology in communication (Levels 1, 2, & articulate their boundaries on the phone and with Questioning techniques (Levels 1, 2, & patients Patient and health care personnel communication (Levels 1, 2, & - Instructor s Manual Chapter 6 Special populations (Levels 1, 2, & Compliance aids (Levels 1, 2, & Privacy - Discuss how privacy is Federal privacy rules (Levels 1, 2, & handled in your pharmacy Protected health information (Levels 1, 2, & - Describe a breach in privacy and have the technician 7 Dispensing and privacy (Levels 1, 2, & articulate what steps they Chapter VII: An Overivew of Communications (Levels 1, 2, & would take Federal Privacy Incidental disclosures (Levels 1, 2, & - Discuss the impact of Requirements Patient rights (Levels 1, 2, & violations to the pharmacy Employer and employee responsibilities and staff (Levels 1, 2, & - Instructor s Manual Chapter Penalties and violations (Levels 1, 2, & 7 Notice of Privacy (Levels 1, 2, &

8 - Discuss the impact of 8 The Dispensing Process Components and requirements of the prescription (Levels 1, 2, & Patient profiles (Levels 1, 2, & Computer data entry (Levels 1, 2, & Compliance checks (Levels 1, 2, & Dispensing procedures (Levels 1, 2, & Automated dispensing systems (Levels 2, & Prescription labels and receipts (Levels 1, 2, & Labeling (Levels 1, 2, & Checking and verification by a pharmacist (Levels 1, 2, & Preventing errors (Levels 1, 2, & Refill requirements (Levels 1, 2, & Filing and data management (Levels 1, 2, & Chapter VIII: The Dispensing Process incomplete patient records - Ask the technician to describe how they handle situations when they don t have all the information - Observe the technician s ability to bring alerts to the pharmacist s attention - Have the technician practice simple and complex label instructions - Test the technician s knowledge of auxiliary labels and when to use them - Ask the technician to discuss what habits or work processes they could adopt to minimize error - Ask the technician to describe refill requirements and limitations - Instructor s Manual Chapter 8 9 Managed Care Prescriptions Manage care prescription programs (Levels 2, & Coverage limitations (Levels 2, & Reimbursement (Levels 2, & Cost sharing (Levels 2, & Chargebacks and audits (Levels 2, & DAW codes (Levels 2, & Adjudication and reconciliation (Levels 2, & Signature logs (Levels 2, & Billing (Levels 2, & Chapter 9 Managed Care Prescriptions - Discuss the different insurance options and explain terminology and concepts - Ask the technician to explain these concepts as they would to a patient - Ask the technician to differentiate between copay, coinsurance, deductible, coverage gap, step-therapy, prior authorization, stop-loss and tiered benefits - Explain the processes behind

9 Partial fills (Levels 2, & Claims reversals(levels 2, & claims adjudication - Instructor s Manual Chapter 9 10 Non-dispensing Duties General merchandise orders (Levels 1, 2, & Orders from other pharmacies (Levels 1, 2, & Receiving orders (Levels 1, 2, & Inventory and stocking (Levels 1, 2, & Outdated merchandise (Levels 1, 2, & Returning merchandise (Levels 1, 2, & Stocking shelves (Levels 1, 2, & Cash register functions (Levels 1, 2, & Chapter 10 Non-Dispensing Duties - Provide the technician general merchandising/stocking activities - Discuss the importance of good inventory management - Ask the technician how they would manage expired medications from the point of receipt to discard - Instructor s Manual Chapter Drug and Medical Terminology Medical terminology word parts (Levels 2 & Prefixes, roots and suffixes (Levels 2 & Medical chart or profile (Levels 2 & Progress notes or reports (Levels 2 & Practical application (Levels 2 & Chapter 11: Drug and medical Terminology - Ask the technician to define common terms - Ask the technician to look up unfamiliar terms as they are encountered in the pharmacy - Instructor s Manual Chapter Basic Anatomy and Physiology Organ systems of the body (Levels 2 & Anatomical structures (Levels 2 & Functions of the organ systems (Levels 2 & Chapter XII: Basic Anatomy Anatomy and physiology terminology and Physiology (Levels 2 & Organ systems and conditions (Levels 2 & Medications (Levels 2 & Common Disease States Chapter 13: Common Signs and symptoms (Levels 2 & Disease States - Ask student to identify common disease states associated with major organ systems - Identify organ systems that are affected by the most common medications - Instructor s Manual Chapter 12 - Match organ systems with diseases and the drugs used to treat

10 14 15 Common disease states and conditions (Levels 2 & Non-pharmacological therapies (Levels 2 & Mechanism of action (Levels 2 & Side effects and interactions (Levels 2 & Indications and contraindications (Levels 2 & Basic Pharmacology Agonists and antagonists (Levels 2 & Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (Levels 2 & Chapter XIV: Basic Drug interactions (Levels 2 & Pharmacology Advanced drug interactions (Level Synergism and antagonism (Level Poisons and antidotes (Level Nervous systems (Levels 2 & Over-the-Counter Products Categories and subcategories (Levels 1, 2 & Conditions (Levels 1, 2 & Generic and brand names (Levels 1, 2 & Technician duties (Levels 1, 2 & Chapter XV: Over-the- Risks with prescription medications (Levels 1, Counter (OTC) Medications 2 & Schedule V sales log (Levels 1, 2 & Functions of vitamins and minerals (Levels 1, 2 & Herbal medications (Levels 1, 2 & - Using the top 200 have students match medications to conditions - Ask students to group conditions together, group drug classes and match to organ systems affected - Provide examples of different drug categories used to treat conditions of affecting related organ systems - Instructor s manual Chapter 13 - Identify drugs that act similarly - Identify drugs that affect similar body systems and treat similar disease states but can be used together - Provide examples of redundant therapy - Instructor s manual Chapter 14 - Provide the technician general merchandising/stocking activities - Discuss the importance of good inventory management - Ask the technician how they would manage expired medications from the point of receipt to discard - Ask the technician to describe major OTC products and their uses - Instructor s Manual Chapter 15

11 Unit Dose Systems and Drug Repackaging Hospital distribution systems (Levels 2 & Long-term care distribution systems (Levels 2 Chapter XVI: Unit Dose & Systems and Drug Repackaging requirements (Levels 2 & Repackaging Emergency kits (Levels 2 & Compliance aids (Levels 2 & Non-Sterile Compounding Compounding principles (Levels 2 & Storage requirements (Levels 2 & Regulations (Levels 2 & Chapter XVII: Non-Sterile Compounding equipment (Levels 2 & Product Compounding Techniques (Levels 2 & Formulations (Levels 2 & Documentation (Levels 2 & Sterile Product Compounding Chapter XVIII: Sterile Product Characteristics of sterile compounds (Levels Compounding and USP - Discuss why unit medications are used - Discuss the importance of maintaining repackaging logs - Ask the technician to outline the key compliance requirements for repackaging - Discuss and show examples of various machines and robots designed to assist - Discuss the limitations and new error points when machines are used - Instructor s Manual Chapter 16 Using compounding prescriptions for examples, - Ask students to match the appropriate equipment for compounding different formulations - Ask students to identify how the prescription complies or does not comply with the rules - Differentiate what would be changed if the formulation was different - Exhibit proper technique for each formulation - Instructor s Manual Chapter 17 - Ask the technician to explain for which formulations, sterility is of key importance and why

12 & Principles of home infusion (Levels 2 & Risk levels for compounded sterile products (Levels 2 & Hazardous drugs (Levels 2 & The sterile compounding environment (Levels 2 & Labeling (Levels 2 & Total Parenteral Nutrition (Levels 2 & Compounding incompatibilities (Levels 2 & Beyond Use Dating (Levels 2 & Filing and billing (Levels 2 & Regulations (Levels 2 & Most Frequently Prescribed Drugs Brand names Generic names Therapeutic class Major indications (uses) State Law Review and Discussion Note: state law is not covered on national certification exams though the student is expected to know the state law and variance from federal law. Federal law WILL be tested on national certification exams. Chapter Discuss examples of sterile compounding in hospitals, compounding pharmacies, home care pharmacies and community pharmacies - Review and reinforce the rules and regulations affecting sterile product compounding - Discuss how good aseptic technique can be used generally in the pharmacy - Instructor s Manual Chapter 18 - Quiz the technician on brand and generic names of the top 200 medications - Ask the technician to match commonly used medications to their therapeutic class - Ask the technician to give examples of 3 medications used to treat common conditions - Instructor s Manual - Develop or utilize real cases presented before the board of pharmacy - Focus on the most concerning violations State Rules and Regulations - Invite a board of pharmacy member or compliance officer to speak to the class - Discuss technician and pharmacist appearances

13 21 Final review for course assessment or national certification Study Guide material 22 Final course assessment * To be used in addition to sample and discussion questions from the Instructor Manual. before the board - Hold a Mock Board Meeting or case hearing - Discuss the importance of participating in advocacy - Sample problems - Specific topic review Examinations: The final assessment for this training program includes minimally one of the assessments below: - State examination - National certification exam Ongoing Training and Competency Assessment Plan - Feedback and comments from the Competency Assessments at the end of each chapter should be used for planning technician ongoing development.