THE DETERMINATION OF RAINFALL CATCHMENT COEFFICIENT OF HIGH RISE BUILDING

Transcription

1 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 9, Issue 9, September 2018, pp , Article ID: IJCIET_09_09_049 Available online at ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed THE DETERMINATION OF RAINFALL CATCHMENT COEFFICIENT OF HIGH RISE BUILDING Ismail Sa ud, S. Kamilia Aziz, Sungkono Civil Infrastructure Engineering Department, Vocational Faculty, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia ABSTRACT Developments and advancement of technology have been used to simplify the construction of high and large buildings, this was supposed to be accompanied by method control runoff posed. Runoff control in high and large buildings was even easier than a smaller building. Urban runoff is a classical problem which always happens over and over again, but have not received the handling of completely. On the other hand problems, conservation of water from urban runoff and also has not got any attention. The high rise buildings and large as a dwelling expected to be used as a controlling tool urban run off at once into an independent conservatory which has will be analyzed in this research. This research gets a new method to measure the height of rainfall that caught by high rise building, even as coefficients. Catchment coefficient according to direction are North C Cn =0.07; West C Cw =0.08; South C Cs =0.09 and East C Ce =0.08 Key words: flood reducer, rain fall recorder, high rise buildings. Cite this Article: Ismail Sa ud, S. Kamilia Aziz, Sungkono, The Determination of Rainfall Catchment Coefficient of High Rise Building. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(9), 2018, pp INTRODUCTION Urban runoff the product climate to interact with the development of human civilization [1], [2],[3], and later brought its own problems for the life of human beings themselves. Was causing the large fluctuations of the river discharge [4] it is also had an impact to the stage of water resources and division of water for the rehabilitation damaged infrastructure [5],[6]. Upon the event of the human in essence very much need of water from these climate products [7]. Of the two sides of this urban runoff problems then required efforts to increase human occupancy adaptivity solution to climate change. In this condition, it is required a system to improve the functioning occupancy as water conservation. This research complete previous research about on ground water conservation conservation include Retarding Duration of Land (2000) [8], Porous Concrete for Water Absorption (2004), Injection Infiltrate Tank (2007 to 2008) and above ground conservation editor@iaeme.com

2 Ismail Sa ud, S. Kamilia Aziz, Sungkono Partial Reservoir (2006 to 2007). For the large and high rise buildings region was easier to modify between under and on ground conservation[9], [10],[11] with above ground conservation. 2. METHODS 2.1. The Measurement of Rainfall The manual measurement of rainfall on a horizontal flat plane This carried out by using a manual rail fall recorder device seen in Figure 1, for measuring height of rainfall on a horizontally flat plane every day at 7.00 pm to 7.00 pm. The measurement result from the Campus station as shown in Table 1. Table 1 The measurement on horizontally flat plain result at the Campus station Date Rainfall in Station campus Feb Mar Apr May MRFR Figure 1 Manual rainfall recorder device on a horizontally flat plane The manual measurement of rainfall on a vertical flat plane This carried out by using an automatic rainfall recorder device seen in Figure 2, for measuring a height of rainfall on a horizontally flat plane every day at 7.00 pm to 7.00 pm. The measurement result at the Campus station as shown in Table editor@iaeme.com

3 The Determination of Rainfall Catchment Coefficient of High Rise Building Figure 2 Manual rainfall recorder device on a vertically flat plane Table 2 The Result of rainfall measurement on a vertically flat plane Date Volume (liter) North1 North1,5 North2 South1 South1,5 South2 West1 West1,5 West2 East1 East1,5 East2 6-Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Apr Apr Apr The automatic measurement of rainfall recorder (Automatic Rainfall Recorder ARFR) The measurement of the rainfall was done by an Automatic Rainfall Recorder (ARFR), as actually appear to be in Figure 3 and the result shown in Figure 4. Daily rainfall pattern from digitation ARFR was shown in Figure 5, and extreme daily rainfall pattern from digitation ARFR was shown in Figure 6. Accumulation of daily rainfall pattern from digitation ARFR looks like in Figure 7. ARFR Figure 3 Automatic Rainfall Recorder (ARFR) editor@iaeme.com

4 Height of rainfall R Height of rainfall R Ismail Sa ud, S. Kamilia Aziz, Sungkono Figure 4 Rainfall pattern ARFR 5-12 Feb 2018 O'clock; Figure 5 Daily rainfall pattern from digitation ARFR 20-Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb-18 3-Mar-18 4-Mar-18 5-Mar-18 7-Mar-18 8-Mar-18 9-Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Apr O'clock Figure 6 Extreme daily rainfall pattern from digitation ARFR editor@iaeme.com

5 The Determination of Rainfall Catchment Coefficient of High Rise Building Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb-18 1-Mar-18 2-Mar Mar-18 4-Mar-18 5-Mar Mar-18 7-Mar-18 Rain fall Mar-18 9-Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Time (Hour) 31-Mar-18 1-Apr-18 2-Apr-18 Figure 7 Accumulation of daily rainfall pattern from digitation ARFR 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1. The determination of catchment coefficient of high rise building By taking into account that the results of the measurement of rainfall height on a horizontal plane are one unit, so the measurement results of rainfall in each direction vertical on the flat plain was inversely from the results of the height rainfall measurement on the vertically flat plain. Catchment coefficient on each direction can be calculated as the following formulation: R C D D R (1) editor@iaeme.com

6 Rainfall Rainfall Ismail Sa ud, S. Kamilia Aziz, Sungkono where: C D : direction catchment coeficient R : height of rainfall on horizontal flat plain R D : height of rainfall on vertical flat plain in the direction Catchment coefficient conforming to the direction of being measurable in each field was calculated by this formula. The results of the ordinal indicated in Table 3. and explain by curve form in Figure 8; 9; 10 and 11. Table 3 Catchment coefficient vertical flat plane areas Date Catchment coeficient in direction Nort1 Nort1,5 Nort2 South1 South1,5 South2 West1 West1,5 West2 East1 East1,5 East2 6-Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Apr Apr Apr Mar Mar Mar Mar Apr Apr Apr Occurance of Rain Date North1 North1,5 North2 Linear (North1) Linear (North1,5) Linear (North2) Figure 8 North vertical flat plane catchment coefficient Mar Mar Mar Mar Apr Apr Apr-18 Occurance of Rain Date South1 South1,5 South2 Linear (South1) Linear (South1,5) Linear (South2) Figure 9 South vertical flat plane catchment coefficient editor@iaeme.com

7 Rainfall Rainfall The Determination of Rainfall Catchment Coefficient of High Rise Building Mar Mar Mar Mar Apr Apr Apr-18 Occurance of Rain Date West1 West1,5 West2 Linear (West1) Linear (West1,5) Linear (West2) 0.25 Figure 10 West vertical flat plane catchment coefficient Mar Mar Mar Mar Apr Apr Apr-18 Occurance of Rain Date East1 East1,5 East2 Linear (East1) Linear (East1,5) Linear (East2) Figure 11 East vertical flat plane catchment coefficient Next, field catchment coefficient calculation in accordance with the direction is used an average of each direction from Table 3. Thus obtained catchment coefficient conforming to the direction of the plane, according to size its field as seen in Table 5. While catchment coefficient in direction is shown in Table 6. Table 5 Catchment coeficient according to plane size and direction Catchment coeficient according to plane size and direction N1 N1,5 N2 S1 S1,5 S2 W1 W1,5 W2 E1 E1,5 E Table 6 Catchment coeficient according to direction North C CN West C CW South C CS East C CE editor@iaeme.com

8 Ismail Sa ud, S. Kamilia Aziz, Sungkono Prime example use of catchment coefficient on the high rise buildings Having regard to the Table 1, rainfall measurable that occur on 11 March 2018 R = mm, so high of rainfall toward the flat plane in each direction ( North, West, South, East, and Roof) are R*Cc as indicated in Table 6. Table 6 Rainfall in each direction was occur on 11 Maret 2018 R North R West R South R East R roof In this example here used a high building measuring the width 100 meters, long 150 meters and high 60 meters. Wall and rooftop area of the building after Table 7 was released on Table 8. Thus the volume of rain ever intercepted from the building is as shown in Table 9 Table 7 The size of a high building Length (m) Width (m) Height (m) Table 8 Wall and rooftop area of the building Wall area (m 2 ) North West South East Roof area (m 2 ) Table 9 The volume of rain ever intercepted from the building Rainfall Volume (m 3 ) North wall West wall South wall East wall Roof CONCLUSIONS This research gets a new method to measure the height of rainfall that caught by high rise building, even as coefficients. Catchment coefficient according to direction are North C Cn = 0.07; West C Cw = 0.08; South C Cs = 0.09 and East C Ce = 0.08 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We deeply appreciate to the University Research Fund of Indonesia (PTUPT) - Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya (PTUPT ITS 2018) on Grant No. 1037/PKS/ITS/2018, Contract Agreement No. 128/SP2H/PTNBH/DRPM/2018. REFERENCES [1] H. I. J. Al-Safi and P. R. Sarukkalige, Assessment of future climate change impacts on hydrological behavior of Richmond River Catchment, Water Sci. Eng., vol. 10, no. 3, pp , Jul [2] R. A. Rupp, André A., Templin, Jonathan, & Henson, Diagnostic Measurement: Theory, Methods, and Applications by. New York: Guilford Press, editor@iaeme.com

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