Euromodel Royal William.12.Foremast Rigging.November An interpretive build of the 12. FOREMAST RIGGING. November 2017

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1 TRANSLATION LINKS 1. type into your browser... english+italian+glossary+nautical terms 2. utilise the translation dictionary Nautical Terms & Expressions from Euromodel website An interpretive build of the Royal William 1 st. Rate English Vessel Originally launched in 1670 as the 100-gun HMS Prince Re-built and launched in 1692 as the HMS Royal William Final re-build and... Launched 1719 Checked the Essential Resource Information File? Scale 1: FOREMAST RIGGING November 2017 My interpretive build is based on the supplied drawings, the kit material and an amount of extra material. This work only illustrates how this ship might be built.the level of complexity chosen is up to the individual This resource information was based on the original text supplied by Euromodel and then expanded in detail as the actual ship was constructed by MSW member piratepete007. [Additional & exceptional support was gratefully received from other MSW member marktiedens, Vince P & Ken3335. My sincere thanks to them and other MSW members] Neither the author or Euromodel have any commercial interest in this information and it is published on the Euromodel web site in good faith for other persons who may wish to build this ship. Euromodel does not accept any responsibility for the contents that follow. 1

2 Euromodel is the firm that, with your experience, skills, and fantasy allows you to realize the ship of your dreams Photo courtesy of Vic Yancovitch 2

3 This is not an instructional manual but is a collaboration amongst a number of MSW members whose interpretations were based on the drawings and the supplied kit. Additional material used was dictated by my own personal choices. Greater simplification would be achieved by using the material as it is supplied. Model Ship World Forum Various members who were, or are, involved in their own build of the Royal William have allowed the inclusion of photos from their posts and many of their ideas and methods - in the belief that this will serve as a stimulus and an interest to new builders of this ship. So grateful thanks go to Brian C; Denis R; KeithW; marktiedens; Vince P; Ken3335, BillLib They have taken the RW build to a much higher level than intended by this kit. Reference Texts Fighting at Sea in the Eighteenth Century; The Art of Sailing Warfare by Sam Willis (2008) Historic Ship Models by Wolfram zu Mondfeld (1989) Seventeenth Century Rigging by R.C. Anderson (1955) [almost a complete copy of his earlier book The Rigging of Ships in the Days of the Spritsail Topmast, (1927) ] The Construction and Fitting of the English Man of War by Peter Goodwin (1984) The Masting and Rigging of English Ships of War by James Lee (1984). Growing Specific Shapes for Ship Timbers 3

4 [To navigate through the contents use control + click ] CONTENTS RECENT FILE CHANGES... 6 Plan Sheet Translations (13 15)... 7 Chapter 1: RIGGING GENERALISATIONS... 8 Euromodel Drawing Codes... 8 Block Code... 8 Symbolisation Code... 8 Rigging Line Terminology... 9 Chapter 2: FOREMAST RIGGING Mast & Yard Terms Fore Yard Fore Yard & Fore Sail Belaying Summary Bunt & Leech Lines Tacks, Sheets & Clew-Garnets Lift Lines Brace Lines Tackles, Halliards & Parrels Parrels Fore Topsail Yard Fore Topsail Yard & Topsail Belaying Summary Leech,Bunt & Clew Lines Brace Lines Fore Topsail Yard Tackle Lift & Sheet Lines Fore Topgallant Yard Fore Topgallant Yard & Topgallant Sail Belaying Summary Brace Lines Lift, Clew & Bunt Lines

5 Illustrations Figure 1: Running Rigging Terminology... 9 Figure 2: Fore Yard & Fore Sail Belaying Points Figure 3: Incomplete Leech Rigging Figure 4: Incomplete Rigging Lines Figure 5: Fore Course Clew Blocks Figure 6: Running Line from Clew Line of Fore Course Figure 7: Clew Sheet & Tack Rigging for Fore Course Figure 8: Fore Yard Lift Figure 9: Fore Yard Brace Lines Figure 10: Fore Yard Tackle Figure 11: Fore Yard Belaying Points Figure 12: Truck and Rib Parrel Figure 13: Fore Dolphin Parrel Figure 14: Rope Parrel (period uncertain) Figure 15: Glass Bead Trucks Figure 16: Making a Parrel Figure 17: Overview of Foremast Deck Rigging Figure 18: Fore Topmast Yard & Topsail Belaying Points Figure 19: Topsail Leech, Bunt & Clew Lines Figure 20: Foresail Yard Brace Belaying Points Figure 21:Foresail Brace Lines on Focs le Breast Rail Figure 22: Topsail Yard Rigging Figure 23: Fore Topsail Yard Halliard Figure 24: Topgallant Belaying Points Figure 25: Topgallant Yard Brace Rigging Points Figure 26: Fore Top Gallant Mast Sheave Figure 27: Fore Top Gallant Yard Tye and Parrel Figure 28: Topgallant Yard Tye Down to the Lower Top Figure 29: Overview of Topgallant Rigging

6 RECENT FILE CHANGES November 2017 Rigging terminology (Fig. 1) Sheet lines/ sheets now included (Figs. 1 & 8) Addition of notes on bowsprit rigging Detail on parrels Summaries of belaying points 6

7 Plan Sheet Translations (13 15) Plan Sheet 13 Foremast fuori scala not to scale come bracci di destra on the right side (starboard) faccia poppiera looking towards the stern Fig. opposite... passa perla cavatoia sull serpa e da volta sul parapetto di prora line passes over the Prow Deck, through the ornamentation between the middle rails of the bowsprit and back to the Focs le railing. al paranco come per il pennone di trinchetto as for the tackle for the fore yard of the foremast alla ringhiera del castello to rail on the foc sle deck faccia prodiera looking towards the bow come braccio di parrochetto to the fore topsail yard Plan Sheet 14 Main Mast fuori scala not to scale faccia poppiera facing aft faccia prodiera facing forwards ad anelli sulla coffa to rings on the topmast top legare alla ringhiera di sinistra tie to the railing on the left legare alla ringhiera di destra tie to the railing on the right per I riferimenti dei pennoni vedi tav. 3 for flag pole references, see Plan Sheet 3 paranco come per pennone di maestra hoist as for the main lower yard Plan Sheet 15 Mizzen Mast faccia poppiera looking towards the stern faccia prodiera looking towards the bow fa dormiente sull ultima sartia poppiera dell albero di maestra a destra e a sinistra the line is fixed on the last shroud of the Main Mast on both the right and left danne volta a 2 anelli sulla coffa allow for two rings on the top fanno dormienti sullo stroppo delle bigotte della coffa di bompresso make fixed onto the deadeye strop of the bowsprit top Il pennone di mezzana ha la sold funzione di poter tesdre la vela di belvedere - mizzen flagpole has the only function of being able to tension the mizzen topsail. particolare dell attacco della vela al pennone (inferitura) detail of the sail attachment to the flagpole 7

8 Chapter 1: RIGGING GENERALISATIONS Euromodel Drawing Codes Block Code Since the initial drawings of the Royal William were created, certain block types have been merged together as indicated in the table below. E1/F1: 3mm., 1 hole F2: 3mm., 2 hole Q1/ H1: 5mm., 1 hole Q2/ H2: 5mm., 2 hole L1: 7mm., 1 hole L2: 7mm., 2 hole L3: 7mm., 3 hole M/N: Violin, 7 mm. [ mizzen & main topmast preventer stays] P: Violin, 11 mm. [bowsprit] S/T: Heart, 10 mm. Symbolisation Code 105 line 105 & point of attachment H1 block, 5 mm. 1-hole H1/3 rope line 3 that is rove through block H1 C3 cleat number 3 R3 ring through which rope line 3 passes H2 not available in kit; a 2-hole block equivalent is shown as Q2 8

9 Rigging Line Terminology Sheet lines / sheets (orange) are used to control the lower, moveable corners of the sail. They are released when furling the sail. Clew lines (yellow) and bunt lines (blue) are used to raise the sail up to the yard arm when furling clew lines are attached to the bottom corners of the sail whilst the thinner buntlines are attached across the sail foot. Leech lines (pink) are used to pull the sail in and upwards during furling. Brace lines (green), used in pairs, are used to rotate the yard to allow the ship to sail at different angles to the wind. Lift lines (broken red arrow), are used to maintain the correct horizontal line of the yard. lift lines sheet line brace pendant brace lines leech line bunt lines clew lines lift lines sheet line brace line Figure 1: Running Rigging Terminology 9

10 Chapter 2: FOREMAST RIGGING After the stays and shrouds, three essentail areas of rigging to concentrate on (if no sails) are the yard... halliard tackles braces lifts Braces are perhaps better left until after the other rigging as they tend to occupy more space and hence more interference. Whilst such rigging will not be completed at this stage, the above forms of rigging may be presented in full on the following pages simply to provide an awareness of what will eventually be required. Such presentation will enable the builder to add blocks to various parts of the masting before final installation onto the ship. 10

11 Mast & Yard Terms Foremast Albero di trinchetto Fore Yard Pennone di trinchetto Studding Sail (stuns l) Booms Fore Topmast- Albero di parrocchetto Topsail Yard Pennone di parrocchetto Studding Sail (stuns l) Booms Fore Topgallant Mast Albero di velaccino Topgallant Yard Pennone di velaccio Flagstaff Asta per bandiera 11

12 Fore Yard Fore Yard & Fore Sail Belaying Summary Sheet lines: C1 running/r25 standing; C2 running/r24 standing [ C = sheaves in hull side just forward of entry port; R = rings on aft-most vertical fender Tack lines: 305/ 306 (middle of fife rail) Clew-garnet lines: [belayed to yard arm (standing) and tackles (running) on deck bollards forward of mast] Leech lines: 303/ 304 (middle of fife rail) Bunt lines: 307/ 309/ + 308/ 310 (fife rail) Brace lines: central portion of focs le deck breast rail Lift lines: forward bollards Tye/ halliard lines: aft bollards 307, 309 bunt lines halliard tackles lift tackles 303, 304 leech lines 306, 305 tack halliard & lift tackles main topmast stay [drawings show this as a 1- hole block but would need to be a 2-hole block] 308, 310 bunt lines Figure 2: Fore Yard & Fore Sail Belaying Points main topmast stay 12

13 Bunt & Leech Lines Without sails, the rigging for these lines cannot be completed. Some builders opt to leave these lines and their blocks off the ship altogether although the traditionalists will complete the rigging rove through the last block concerned with a small length on the other side as shown in Figs. 3 & 4. The belaying points for these lines are as follows: Bunt lines 309/ 310; 307/ 308 Leech lines 303/ 304 Figure 3: Incomplete Leech Rigging this is a composite diagram (where one image has been placed over another and some irregularities can be observed along the yard) this has allowed all blocks to be shown on one half of the mast. bunt bunt clew leech Figure 4: Incomplete Rigging Lines Tacks, Sheets & Clew-Garnets clew-garnet The clew lines for the fore course (the sail from the fore yard) clews are completed even without the sail as shown in Fig. 5. sheet tack Figure 5: Fore Course Clew Blocks For this sail (and the main sail), the lower corners or clews were controlled by a combination of three different lines, all dependent on each other tacks, a single line, for hauling the sail downwards & forward, sheets for hauling the sail downwards & aft, clew-garnets (simply called clew lines on other sails) hauling the sail up to the yards ready for furling Belaying Points: 305/ 306 (fife rail on focs le deck) 13

14 From Plan Sheet 13 passa perla cavatoia sull serpa e da volta sul parapetto di prora... i.e. line passes over the Prow Deck, through the ornamentation (i.e. the deadblock) between the middle rails of the bowsprit and back to the focs le railing This latter statement is an over-simplification of the rigging carried out when sails are furled/ not included. Figure 6: Running Line from Clew Line of Fore Course standing clew line running clew line 305/ 306 (fife rail on focsle deck) clew garnet sheet R24 tack C2 305/ 306 Figure 7: Clew Sheet & Tack Rigging for Fore Course 14

15 Lift Lines [clew lines for topsail] lift lines Figure 8: Fore Yard Lift 15

16 Brace Lines H1/3 H1/ mm. H1 105/ mm. Figure 9: Fore Yard Brace Lines 16

17 Fore Yard Jeer Tackle Tackles, Halliards & Parrels Figure 10: Fore Yard Tackle Figure 11: Fore Yard Belaying Points 17

18 Parrels These devices were designed to fasten yards and booms to the masts in such a way that they could be more easily hoisted or lowered with less friction. There are two different types of parrels described in the Royal William build... a single rope on the lower yard, and a rope running through a collection of trucks & ribs on the upper yards. The parrel shown in Fig. 12 was commonly found on the upper masts and consisted of flat boards (ribs) and spherical forms (trucks). They generally had two ropes passing through them, each having an eye at one end. One rope passed over the yard and the other, under the yard with both eyes meeting on the same side of the yard and lashed together by marling turns of a fine rope with every turn secured by a knot. This parrel was not phased out completely until late 18C/ early 19C. ribs trucks topgallant yard topsail yard Figure 12: Truck and Rib Parrel The main parrel (Fig. 13) was formed from a piece of rope, well-covered with leather or spun yarn (and commonly referred to as a dolphin) to reduce the amount of chafing against the mast. The two eyes (shaded blue), one at each end, were lashed together as shown in the diagram. side view of dolphin parrel fore yard 18 Figure 13: Fore Dolphin Parrel

19 Figure 14: Rope Parrel (period uncertain) No parrel material is provided in the kit and it is up to the builder to create/ source what is required. For example, the round truck component is readily obtained from a craft shop in the form of glass beads Fig (which need to be painted over to remove the glass shine). The ribs are often omitted although there are methods to build these on the MSW forum. Careful examination of the Royal William drawings show the typical truck and rib parrels used on the topsail yards. Both the Main Mast and the Foremast are shown to have the dolphin parrel but I have yet to see any model using this more complicated form. All builders favour the truck and rib parrel. So... something to consider depending on your enthusiasm. A Simple Approach to Parrel Construction Figure 15: Glass Bead Trucks glass beads ribs bought as an accessory black wire false lashing Figure 16: Making a Parrel 19

20 Figure 17: Overview of Foremast Deck Rigging There is some disparity between Fig. 17 belaying points and those shown in Fig. 2. I tended to follow what was in Fig

21 Fore Topsail Yard Fore Topsail Yard & Topsail Belaying Summary Sheet lines: 301/ 302 (outer part of fife rail) Clew lines: 311/ 310 (ends of fife rail) Leech lines: 309/ 317/; 308/ 316 [N.B. 308 and 309 are also used on the drawings to indicate two of the four bunt lines associated with the fore sail. This will make no difference in how the lines are belayed to the fife rail]. (outer ends of fife rail) Bunt lines: 313/315; 312/ 314 (ends of fife rail) Brace lines: outer portions of focs le deck breast rail Lift lines: tackles on deck aft of foremast Tye line/ halliard tackle: singular line to a deadeye tackle on starboard chain plate 313/ 315 bunt lines lines 309, 317 leech lines lift tackles 311, 310 clew lines 301, 302 sheet lines lift tackle 308, 316 leech lines Figure 18: Fore Topmast Yard & Topsail Belaying Points 312/ 314 bunt lines 21

22 There are 14 blocks directly attached to the yard plus double blocks either side for the lift, clew and sheet lines. Leech,Bunt & Clew Lines Leech lines (red) are to be found on both the fore and aft sides of the sail (Plan Sheet 13 has a block omitted on one yard arm but needs to be included). The leech lines on the fore course are found high up on the leech (vertical edge) near the yard but for this sail, they are located approximately half-way down the leech. Without the sails, leech lines are incomplete. The same applies to the bunt lines. The clew lines (purple) are complete. Belaying points in Fig. 18 are leech lines (red) 317/ 316; 309/ 308 bunt lines (blue) 315/ 314; 313/ 312 clew lines (purple) 311/ 310 Fig. 19 again is a composite diagram and so some adjustments during pasting are not perfect. (clew for topgallant sail ) bunt leech clew Figure 19: Topsail Leech, Bunt & Clew Lines 311/

23 Brace Lines Standing braces for the foresail yard are seized to points 107/ 108. Running brace lines rove through two Q1 blocks (5 mm. 1-hole) seized to the main topmast stay. Q1/5 (Q1/6) 107/ mm. main topmast stay main topmast preventer stay 0.75 mm. F1 The brace lines are seized to a timberhead as shown in Fig. 14. There is a conflict between Anderson and Lee on where the brace lines were made fast on the focs le deck during this time period. Fig. 20 portrays Anderson s view. However, there are not necessarily hard and fast rules and variations did occur. Lee describes their belaying to cleats on the focs le rail. F1? E1/F1: 3mm., 1 hole Q1/ H1: 5mm., 1 hole main preventer stay mainstay Four lines are shown (from the Euromodel Museum) fastened over the focs le breast rail. This relates to the reference made on Plan Sheet 11 for the brace lines of both the foresail and the fore yard [alla ringhiera del castello to the rail on the foc sle deck]. Lee s explanation of the brace lines belayed to the focs le rail supports what is seen in Fig. 20. However, Anderson s explanation along with the Fig. 20 drawings taken from Plan Sheet 1 supports the foresail yard brace being belayed (along with the topgallant brace lines) to the timberhead instead. Here is a quandry the plans were drawn and then validated through the model construction. It appears that Lee s explanation was adopted during the rigging rather than following what is clearly shown in the drawing. At that time, both methods were in use. It was decided that only the topgallant brace lines were to go to the timberhead; the rest would go to the foc sle breast rail. Figure 20: Foresail Yard Brace Belaying Points There is the question of whether belaying pins or cleats should be used on the focs le breast rail. 23

24 foresail yard brace lines Figure 21:Foresail Brace Lines on Focs le Breast Rail Fore Topsail Yard Tackle Figure 22: Topsail Yard Rigging As Figure 22 shows, there is a singular tye line running down towards the deck (refer to next page). 24

25 There is only one halliard rigging for the topsail yard and that is shown in the drawings as fixed to the starboard chain plate (Fig. 23 below). Figure 23: Fore Topsail Yard Halliard Lift & Sheet Lines These are similar to the fore sail described previously except the sheet lines are taken to the fife rail. 25

26 Fore Topgallant Yard Fore Topgallant Yard & Topgallant Sail Belaying Summary Sheet lines: 307/ 306 (ends of fife rail) 306 is also referred to for the fore sail tack on the raikl but logically 307/ 306 points in this case are located at each end of the rail! Clew lines: 318/ 319 (ends of fife rail) Leech lines: none Bunt lines: 320/ 321 (ends of fife rail) Brace lines: aft timber heads on focs le cap rail Lift lines: belayed to lower top Tye line/ halliard tackle: belayed to lower top 301 sheet line 309 clew line 321 bunt line 302 sheet line 318 clew line 320 bunt line Figure 24: Topgallant Belaying Points 26

27 Brace Lines 110 (111) F1/101 (F1/102) 0.25 mm. F1 0.5 mm. main topgallant stay main topgallant preventer stay E1/F1: 3mm., 1 hole Q1/ H1: 5mm., 1 hole F1/ F1 main topmast preventer stay main topmast stay F1/F1 main preventer stay mainstay Figure 25: Topgallant Yard Brace Rigging Points 27

28 Tye/ Halliard Line Figure 26: Fore Top Gallant Mast Sheave Figure 27: Fore Top Gallant Yard Tye and Parrel The tye for the topgallant yard was taken down through a fall to the lower top where it was hitched to one of the deadeyes in the top on the port side. Figure 28: Topgallant Yard Tye Down to the Lower Top 28

29 Lift, Clew & Bunt Lines The running part of the lift was taken to the lower top and made fast to a deadeye, ring or cleat. stay tye backstays lift shrouds Figure 29: Overview of Topgallant Rigging 29