Sea Fever. John Masefield

Transcription

1 VOYAGE HANDBOOK

2 Sea Fever I must go down to the seas again, to the lonely sea and the sky, And all I ask is a tall ship and a star to steer her by, And the wheel s kick and the wind's song and the white sail's shaking, And a gray mist on the sea s face, and a gray dawn breaking. I must go down to the seas again, for the call of the running tide Is a wild call and a clear call that may not be denied; And all l ask is a windy day with the white clouds flying, And the flung spray and the blown spume, and the sea-gulls crying I must go down to the seas again, to the vagrant gypsy life, To the gull s way and the whale s way, where the wind's like a whetted knife; And all l ask is a merry yarn from a laughing fellow-rover And quiet sleep and a sweet dream when the long trick's over. John Masefield

3 Contents WELCOME TO SAIL TRAINING BACKGROUND History Specifications SHlP S ORGANISATION Crew Watches WHAT TO EXPECT FROM A VOYAGE Conduct Aboard PREPARING FOR A VOYAGE What to bring What not to bring What the ship provides Joining the Ship Sea Sickness Sun Protection Medication Money Females TERMINOLOGY Wind speed - Beaufort scale - clouds Parts of the ship Sailing terms PRE VOYAGE INSIGHT Sail, Mast and Spar plan Pin Rail Diagram Sail diagrams USEFUL KNOTS NOTES

4 WELCOME TO YOUR SAILING ADVENTURE ONBOARD STV ONE AND ALL As an integral member of the ships working crew you will learn some of the many skills and gain the experience to keep a tall ship sailing and on course. You may also find that you learn a lot more about yourself at sea and what feats you are truly capable of. You need not have previous sailing experience; you will learn much about the ship, your fellow crew members and trainees as the voyage plays out. However, this handbook will help you on your way to understand the layout and the rig of the 'One and All and some essentials on how the ship operates. A youth development voyage is a great adventure, from it you will gain the pride of accepting responsibility which leads to leadership, self confidence, team work and many other skills that will benefit you for years to come. Listen to your watch leaders, ask questions and take every opportunity to participate. It s a great chance to take stock of where you've been, look at where you are headed and pick up valuable life skills while making friends and memories to last a lifetime. Dirk Visser Master 4

5 BACKGROUND History The completion in 1987 of the 'One and All was the fulfilment of a dream of a dedicated team of volunteers who had worked for many years to have a purpose built vessel in South Australia operating as a Sail Training Vessel, running Youth Development courses. The ship s keel was laid in 1982 with initial funding coming from public subscriptions and a Community Employment Project Grant. Proceeds from a 1985 charter agreement with the First Fleet Re-Enactment Company were to be used to complete the ship, assist with the costs to take part in the re-enactment and bring the ship home to operate Sail Training Youth Development courses. The ship was commissioned on April 5th 1987, her Maiden voyage saw her sail half way around the world to catch up with the First Fleet. The 'One and All joined the First Fleet just outside the Rio de Janeiro, sailing home to Australia with the Fleet and arriving home to South Australia on the 1st April The 'One and All' was the youngest and only Australian vessel to participate in the First Fleet Re-Enactment in 1987/88 to celebrate Australia s Bi-Centenary. Since the return of the 'One and All' to South Australia in 1988, she has been fulfilling the role for which she was purpose built, as a Sail Training Vessel running Youth Development courses. 5

6 Specifications Designer Kell Steinman, Melbourne, Victoria Builder W G Porter & Son Pty Ltd, Pt Adelaide South Australia Dates: Keel Laid 31 October, 1982 Launched 1 December, 1985 Commissioned 5 April, 1987 Rig Brigantine (two-masted, square rigged on the foremast and fore and aft rigged on main mast Construction Timber- Jarrah (hull and pin rails), Celery Top (hull deck). Huon Pine (topsides), Oregon (bulwarks and spars) Karri (steam bent ribs) Dimensions Length: - overall m - on deck m - waterline 26.5 m Beam 8.00 m Draught 2.85 m Height m Sail Area 581 sq m Tonnage Displacement 207 tonnes Gross Weight 121 tonnes measurement Nett Weight 26 tonnes measurement 6

7 CREW POSITIONS Crew Master: The master (captain) is responsible for the operation and safety of the ship and its compliment. Stands the watches. First Mate: The ship's first officer and liaison between the ship, paid crew and voyage crew. Is the person 2nd in charge and is responsible for the day to day running of the ship's activities under the guidance of the master. Second Mate: Assists the First mate and acts as Navigation and Safety Officer. Stands the watches. Engineer: Is responsible for operating and maintaining the ship s engines, electrical, plumbing and other mechanical systems. Bosun: Is the person responsible for the maintenance and upkeep of the masts, spars, sails on board the ship as well as playing a leading role in organising all general maintenance. Cook: Is responsible for the ship s catering and nutritious menu plans, preparation of meals and cleaning of the galley and saloon. Watch Leader: Is the crew member chosen to mentor a group of trainees (watch) during their time on board. The watch leader plays a leading role in ensuring the safety of everybody in their watch as well as guide them through the adventure of the voyage. Assistant Watch Leader: Is a person who has been on previous voyages as a trainee and has come back to assist the Watch Leader throughout the voyage. Volunteer Crew Members: Members of the volunteer organisation and who assist 'One and All' with a wide range of activities, ranging from helping with maintenance to fund raising. Trainees: Are the people who are on board to participate in the 'One and All Youth Development Program. 7

8 Watches When out on voyages, the STV One and All operates 24 hours per day. To allow this to happen, each day is divided into seven duty periods called watches. Watches are generally four hours long with the exception of 2 two hour "dog watches". Including these, the work program for each watch group moves forward by one watch period each day. This avoids performing the same duties atthe same time each day of the voyage. The watch system which covers a 24 hour period is as follows: Clean Watch DAY Accom P M S P M S P M S Middle Saloon M S P M S P M S P Morning Deck S P M S P M S P M Forenoon P M S P M S P M S Afternoon M S P M S P M S P 1st Dog S P M S P M S P M 2nd Dog P M S P M S P M S Evening Before the voyage, the Youth Crew are divided into three watch groups known as Port Watch (P), Middle Watch (M) and Starboard Watch(S). The watches, watch leaders and assistants remain unchanged for the voyage. During the voyage, each watch works as a team to ensure the safety of the ship. Tasks include sail handling, helming, look outs, fire and flood checks, etc. The daily routine ship board lite includes deck duties, domestic duties of accommodation spaces and maintenance work. The watch system ensures that each watch participates with each of these duties throughout the voyage, as well as time off. There are times when "al/ hands" will be called to assist with manoeuvres. 8

9 Going on Watch When going on watch you are required to assemble, with your harness, on the port side of the aft deck five minutes prior to the commencing time of your watch. This allows yourself and watch leader to familiarize yourselves with the current situation, accustom your night vision and for any sail handling that needs to take place. Depending on the weather conditions, ensure you bring warm clothes, a hat/ beanie and sunscreen to watch with you. Going off Watch At the end of each watch period, assemble on the starboard side of the aft deck. You must wait until all of the next watch are all accounted for and you are relieved by your watch leader before you leave the deck. Important The off-going watch cannot leave until all of the on-coming watch is accounted for. When not on watch, try to get sufficient sleep before your next watch. Do not disturb crew members who are off watch and wish to sleep. Keep your bunk and personal area tidy. WHAT TO EXPECT FROM A VOYAGE Voyages on the STV 'One and All' are fun, exciting, challenging, physically and mentally demanding, and overall extremely rewarding. Whilst on board you will receive continual training in all areas of shipboard life including sail handling, climbing the masts, hauling on lines, being part of the watch, cleaning, standing night watches and much more. Also throughout the voyage you will be expected to participate in the Youth Development Program where you have the opportunity to develop life skills such as: the ability to lead and be part of a team; communicate effectively with others; learning to think from someone else s perspective; gain confidence in your ability to succeed at your goals and deal with challenging situations. All our voyages are designed to be challenging and fun, and we hope you have an amazing voyage on board. 9

10 Conduct Aboard You must: Obey all instructions of the Captain or any person authorised by the Captain. Be available for duty as required by the ship's crew. Co-operate with and assist fellow Youth Crew to ensure a successful voyage. Avoid jumping on deck - people below will be trying to sleep. Always ask permission to go aloft before you do so. PREPARING FOR YOUR VOYAGE What to Bring: Whilst onboard you will be given a single locker to store all your personal gear. Because of this, we request that you bring your belongings in a soft bag. We have no facilities for suitcases or excess gear. Note - Clothes that you wear on board are likely to get dirtied with grease or tar, therefore light-coloured clothing is not recommended. Head wear: Footwear: Jumpers: 2 Pants: 3 Shirts: 4 Shorts: 2 Swimsuit: 1 Woollen beanie and a sunhat 2 pairs non-black rubber soled shoes Socks (one pair each day + one or two extra) Underwear toiletries: Sun protection sleeping Bag Thermals camera musical instrument Instruments are encouraged, small storage available writing materials. Sufficient amount for voyage soap, toothbrush, toothpaste, comb, deodorant, etc., What not to bring Thongs Alcoholic beverages Drugs 10

11 Mobile phones/ipods/ Both mobile phones and ipods/mp3 players have been found in the past to be detrimental to the smooth running of a voyage and in extreme cases proven to contribute to dangerous situations. Because of this mobile phones and ipods will be stored in the master s safe until the end ot the voyage. Valuables To ensure the safekeeping of all your valuables on board (such as wallets cameras etc), the crew will offer you the opportunity to secure these items at the beginning of the voyage. What the Ship Provides: Wet weather gear (pants and jacket), Harnesses Bedding (mattress, pillow, pillow case, sheets and one blanket). Joining the ship On arrival at the ship, you will be met on the wharf by the Captain who will then introduce his crew and hand over to the First Mate. The Mate will allocate you to your watch and watch leader who will take you aboard to stow your gear on your bunk. Wet weather gear and your harness will be allocated before leaving. Watch leaders will familiarise you with the ship's layout as they get to know you and your watch. A full safety induction will then take place and then we can get under way as you look forward to climbing the rigging. 11

12 Sea Sickness On any voyage there is the possibility that you may experience some form of sea sickness. Although not the most enjoyable experience, you will encounter onboard, the effects of seasickness are often short-lived. The crew are all experienced at working with people who are feeling the effects of seasickness and will help guide and support you through the experience. There are many types of 'over the counter seasickness medications. lf you have any concerns about sea sickness, we recommend that you speak to your doctor or local pharmacist. Sun Protection At sea the combination of the clear atmosphere and reflection from the vvater increases the sun's radiation. Therefore it is important to bring appropriate clothing and SP3O+ sunscreen products. Medication Bring a sufficient supply for the duration of the voyage of any medications that you require. If they are a prescribed medication you must inform the Medical Officer. Money Ship souvenirs are available at the end of voyages and range from t-shirts and caps to small gift items. Females Being aboard a ship can interfere with menstrual cycles so be sure to bring extra pads and tampons even if you are not due for your period while on your voyage. 12

13 Wind speed and the Beaufort Scale The descriptions for Beaufort numbers 0 through 4 describe the wind in terms ot the speed that it may propel the ship; those for 5 through 9 in terms of her mission and her sail carrying ability; and those for 10 through 12 in terms of her survival. Numbers to Denote the Force of the Wind 1 Light Air Or just sufficient to give steerage way. 2 Light Breeze Or that in which a man-of-war 1 to 2 knots 3 Gentle Breeze with all sail set, and clean hull 3 to 4 knots would go in smooth water. 4 Moderate Breeze 5 to 6 knots 5 Fresh Breeze Royals, etc. 6 Strong Breeze Or that to which a front line Single-reef man-of-war could just carry topsails and in chase. top-gal. sail 7 Moderate Gale Double reef topsails, jib 8 Fresh Gale Treble-reef topsails &c. 9 Strong Gale Close-reefed topsails and courses. 10 Whole Gale Or that with which she could close-reef scarcely bear main-topsail reefed foresail. 11 Storm Or that which would reduce her to storm staysails. 12 Hurricane Or that which no canvas could withstand. 13

14 Parts of the Ship Aft Aloft Beam Bilges Bow Chain Locker Chart Room Deck Draught Forecastle Foredeck Galley Heads Lazarette Midships Poop Deck Port Side Starboard Stern Towards the stern. Refers to climbing the mast or jib boom. Width of a ship at its widest point. The lowest point of a vessel. Forward part of the ship, the "pointy end. Area under the main deck in the bow where the anchor chain is stored. The ships navigation station Outside flooring of the ship. The depth of water necessary to float a ship. Crew quarters, below the foredeck. Deck at the front of the ship. Ship s kitchen. Ship s toilets. Store under the main deck in the stern. Middle of the ship. Raised section of the aft main deck. When facing the bow, everything left of the centre - always associated with the colour red. When facing the bow, everything right of the centre always associated with the colour green. The aft or back end of the ship - the "blunt" end. Sails, Rigging and Deck Equipment A rope can never be used to push, only to pull, therefore, every rope has another opposing it. Belay To turn up a line on its belaying pin or cleat, thereby securing it. Belaying Pin A wooden pin secured in the fife or pin rail to which lines are belayed. Samson Post Post for securing mooring lines. Block Used to change the direction of a line and/or to gain a mechanical advantage by rigging a tackle. Boom A spar used to stretch out the foot of a sail. Preventers Lines which prevent the boom from swinging out of control Brace A line and tackle used to move yards around the mast to alter the setting of a square sail. Buntline line attached to the foot of a square sail to haul the middle of the sail up. Cleat Metal or wooden fitting similar to a belaying pin to which lines are belayed 14

15 Clewline Downhaul Fife Rail Foot Ropes Furl Gaff Gantline Gaskets Halyards Jackstay Lines Mast Mooring Lines Pin Rail Rat Boards Sheet Shrouds Stay Stopper Tackle Topping Lift Windlass Yard Line attached to the bottom corner of a square sail which opposes a sheet. Line fitted for the purpose of hauling down a sail, opposes a halyard. Wooden rails around the fore and main masts holding belaying pins. Ropes slung under yards on which you stand while working aloft. To gather and secure a sail, by tying with gaskets. A spar attached to a mast to which the head of a fore and aft sail is attached. General purpose halyard running to the mast head, to lift heavy equipment. Short lengths of line used to secure furled sails to yards and masts. Lines for hoisting sails, flags and yards. Metal piping along yards to which sails are attached. Ropes used to control sails and spars A vertical spar mounted on the ships keel which carries sails, yards and rigging. Large lines used to secure the ship to its berth. Wooden rail running around the ship, holding belaying pins. Horizontal timber slats running across the shrouds forming rungs used to climb the mast. A line secured to the clew of each sail to control the pressure. Rope or wire rigging providing lateral support for masts. Wire rigging providing fore and aft support for masts. Short rope used to temporarily hold the weight of a line before it is belayed. An arrangement of rope and blocks which apply a mechanical advantage. Rope or wire rigging which supports the booms of sails and controls the amount of belly. Winches mounted onto the foredeck used to raise and lower the anchor A spar mounted across the mast to carry square sails. 15

16 Sailing Terms Bear Away Beating Reaching Running Knots Leeward Windward Leeway Headway Sternway Underway Tacking Wearing To turn the ship away from the direction of the wind. Sailing with the bow as close to the wind as possible. The sails are sheeted in tight. (Also called sailing full and by.) To sail across the wind, with the wind coming over the ships side. The term square reach is used when the wind is at right Angles to the centreline of the ship. With the wind ahead of this line the ship is on a shy reach or close reach. With the wind further aft, the ship is on a broad reach. To sail in the same direction as the wind. The yards are square and fore-aft sails sheeted out as far as possible. A measurement of speed, used for ships, wind and currents, representing nautical miles per hour. Direction down wind, ie away from the direction of the wind. Direction up wind, ie direction from which the wind is blowing. Sideways drift of a ship, to leeward. Forward movement of a ship. Movement backwards (opposite to headway). The ship is not connected to land and is not at anchor. A manoeuvre to turn the ship s bow through the direction of the wind, to bring the wind onto the opposite side. A manoeuvre to turn the ships stern through the direction of the wind to bring the wind onto the opposite side. The same movement in a yacht is called gibing. 16

17 SAIL AND MAST AND SPAR PLAN There are two basic types of sail carried on One and All Square Sails: Sails set square across the ship on yards attached to the mast. Fore and Aft Sails: These are set on masts or stays along the fore and aft centreline of the ship and include jibs, staysails and the mainsail Main Mast 9. Mainstaysail Boom 17. Forestaysail 2. Main (Gaff) Topsail 10. Foremast 18. Forestaysail Boom 3. Main Gaff 11. Upper Topsail Yard 19. Flying Jib 4. Mainsail 12. Upper Topsail 20. Outer Jib 5. Main Boom 13. Lower Topsail Yard 21. Inner Jib 6. Main Topmast Staysail 14. Lower Topsail 22. Jib Boom (MTS) 7. Nock Staysail (Nock) 15. Forecourse Yard 23. Bowsprit 8. Mainstaysail 16. Forecourse (Course) 17

18 PIN RAIL DIAGRAM RUNNING BACK STAY MAIN BOOM PREVENTOR NOCK SHEET (when set) MAIN BOOM TOPPING LIFT RUNNING BACK STAY TRICING LINE THROAT HALYARD PORT BRACES MAINSTAYSAIL PREVENTER STERN GAFF VANG LAZARETTE MAIN SHEET AFT BUNKHOUSE AFT CENTRE- BOARD BUNKER SPACE BUNKER SPACE NOCK HALYARD MAINSTAYSAIL LUFF TACKLE MTS SHEET MAIN TACK MAIN DOWNHAUL MTS HALYARD MAINSTAYSAIL TOPPING LIFT UPPER LOWER COURSE FIFE RAIL MAINSTAYSAIL HALYARD GANTLINE MAINSTAYSAIL SHEET MAIN GAFF VANG UPPER LOWER COURSE GANTLINE RUNNING BACK STAY MAIN BOOM PREVENTOR NOCK SHEET (when set) MAIN BOOM TOPPING LIFT DEVIL S PURCHASE PEAK HALYARD RUNNING BACK STAY TRICING LINE BRACES STARBOARD MAINSTAYSAIL PREVENTER 18

19 GANTLINE FORECOURSE SHEET BOAT ROPE UPPER DOWNHAUL UPPER BUNTLINES (2) UPPER TOPSAIL HALYARD LOWER CLEW LOWER BUNTLINES(3) FORECOURSE CLEW FORECOURSE BUNTLINES(3) INNER JIB HALYARD FLYING JIB HALYARD FORSTAYSAIL PREVENTER FORECOURSE TACK FLYING JIB SHEET INER JIB SHEET OUTER JIB SHEET PIN RAIL DIAGRAM CABIN FORWARD CENTRE- BOARD GANTLINE FORECOURSE SHEET BOAT ROPE COURSE YARD LIFT FORESTAYSAIL LUFFTACKLE NOCK CLEW NOCK DOWNHAUL MTS DOWNHAUL,CLEW MAINSTAYSAIL DOWN- HAUL & JACKLINE UPPER DOWNHAUL UPPER BUNTLINES (2) NOCK BRAILS NOCK CLEW NOCK TACK LOWER CLEW LOWER BUNTLINES(3) FORECOURSE CLEW FORECOURSE BUNTLINES(3) FIFE RAIL FORESTAYSAIL HALYARD OUTER JIB HALYARD COURSE YARD LIFT LOWER TOPSAIL SHEET LOWER TOPSAIL SHEET FORSTAYSAIL PREVENTER FORECOURSE TACK FORESTAYSAIL TOPPING LIFT FORESTAYSAIL SHEET FLYING JIB SHEET FLYING JIB TACKLINE & DOWNHAUL INNER JIB DOWNHAUL INNER JIB SHEET FORESTAYSAIL JACKLINE FORSTAYSAIL DOWNHAUL OUTER JIB DOWNHAUL OUTER JIB SHEET BOW 19

20 SAIL DIAGRAMS There are a total of twelve sails on One and All. The following diagrams refer to the four most used types of sail on board. The diagrams are for reference when sail handling and indicate parts of sails and some of the associated lines and spars. Fore and Main Staysails LIFT HEAD HALYARD LEECH LUFF CLEW FOOT TACK BOOM STAY SHEET 20

21 Main sail PEAK HALYARD PEAK HEAD THROAT DEVIL S PURCHASE LUFF GAFF VANG LEECH TOPPING LIFT PARRELS CLEW FOOT BOOM SHEET PREVENTER MAIN MAST 21

22 Jib HALYARD HEAD LEECH CLEW LUFF SHEETS FOOT STAY TACK Upper and Lower Topsails UPPER HALYARD UPPER BUNTLINES LEECH CLEW/TACK LOWER BUNTLINES FOOT UPPER YARD LOWER YARD FORECOURSE YARD UPPER DOWNHAUL LOWER SHEETS UPPER DOWNHAUL LOWER CLEWLINES 22

23 Useful knots used aboard ship Reef Knot An easily tied knot for joining two pieces of rope of equal thickness together such as reef points to reef a sail. This knot lies flat and is Easy to untie. It is easily made by tying two handover knots - first, left over right; second right over left. Note the granny knot is the Result of wrongly tying two overhand knots of the same type. Beware of this error - it slips, capsizes and jams. Sheet Bend A useful knot for joining two pieces of rope together of unequal thickness. Easy to untie Double Sheet Bend Similar to the Sheet bend. However, while the sheet bend has a tendency to collapse or untie, making a second turn around the Looped rope prevents this from happening. A strong knot but easily untied. Useful for joining a line to an eye splice 23

24 Clove Hitch Quick and easy to tie. The clove hitch is used T to secure a line to a spar. It is suitable for light steady loads and is one of the most used knots aboard. Round Turn and Two Half Hitches Used when a line bearing a load is made fast To an eye or spar. The round turn takes the load, without jamming the hitches, hence it is easy to untie. Figure of Eight Knot It is very important in both sailing as a method of stopping ropes from running out of retaining devices such as fairleads and eyelets. The figure of eight can be easily untied after even the greatest strain. Bowline Used to make an eye, which will not slip. Like all good sailors knots, it is easy to untie. Note - with some synthetic ropes the bowline may slip. 24

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