Båtførerkurset. Baatskolen POSEIDON

Transcription

1 Båtførerkurset 1

2 Velkommen til Båtførerkurset - 1. kveld 2

3 If you own a boat you can be made responsible for any damage it causes, even if you are not aboard! Boat insurance is very different from car insurance. The offending boat's insurance is not automatically liable to pay any damages, liability follows from intentional harm or gross negligence "Ship happens" have your own insurance that covers the simple negligence of others As a minimum, have third party insurance. Costs very little, and saves you a lot in the unlikely event you are found liable for damages Shipowners responsibility 3

4 16 years of age if the boat is: > 8 meters or > 10 horsepower or > 10 knots Boatmans certificate for: > 25 horsepower or > 8 meters and Skipper born 1980 or later (from May 2010) Certificate requirements for skippers D5L certificate if the boat is longer than 15 meters 4

5 Has changed back and forth in recent years Registration currently not mandatory However, insurance companies and marinas may require registration Boat registration 5

6 Displacement hull: "Heavy" in the sea Follows the motion of the waves Water passes around it Speed limited by waterline length Hull shape 1a 6

7 Hull shape 1b 7

8 Planing hull: Lifts on top of sea at speed Jumps over waves Water passes underneath Speed not restricted by waterline length Poor behavior at low speed and in heavy seas Hull shape 2a 8

9 Hull shape 2b 9

10 Lateral stability Longitudinal stability Stability and centre of gravity 10

11 Good stability: Low centre of gravity (G) Wide hull Flat bottom Flat sides Free surface effect limited Stability and centre of gravity 11

12 You can influence the stability 12

13 Heavy items should be stored as low as possible and secured against movement Avoid taking waves side-on Waves from behind are initially ok, but will reduce rudder effect and may turn the boat to a side-on angle Taking waves head-on is the safest, but mind your speed How? 13

14 Inboard engine systems 14

15 Lack of fuel to the engine: water in tank (condensation) dust/solid impurities in tank fuel filter clogged air in diesel system Lack of lubrication Ignition system failure in petrol engines High pressure pump failure in diesel engines Lack of cooling Most can be traced to insufficient maintenance Common causes of engine failure 15

16 Good ropes are good safety Modern rope is strong but vulnerable to grinding Some float, some don't Some are vulnerable to sunlight They all dislike sand and dirt Book page , Figure-of-eight, clove hitch, reef knot, sheet bend, bowline knot 16

17 Keep the sea on the outside of the hull Water can come aboard for various reasons: rain and spray leaks and hull damage Pumps are important, but can fail when needed the most Engine failure --> grounding --> hull puncture --> water floods electrical systems and disable electrical pumps The best pump of them all:...a terrified human with a bucket... Water from outside come inside... 17

18 Flotation vests 18

19 Flotation devices There shall be enough flotations devices for all aboard Skipper and owner can both be prosecuted, but for leisure boating it is normal to fine the skipper a fixed amount for each person without a floation device Not required to be worn, but in open boats and when travelling at high speed it is highly recommended Inflatable vests need to be controlled, not maintenance-free Sailing/kayaking vests will not turn an unconscious wearer face up Babies can be turned backside up due to diapers, and will be left hanging under an oversize vest 19

20 Safe clothing Wool will retain heat even when wet, but doesn't stop water flowing freely Rainwear doesn't retain heat, but stops water flowing freely Combining wool and rainwear will make it act like a wetsuit, dramatically slowing heat loss Alcohol increases heat loss Inflatable vests must not have anything covering them Dress in bright colours 20

21 Get the wounded person away from the source of heat Cool the burned body part Remove clothing around the wound, but do not tear away clothing burned into the wound, unless it is still smoldering Cover the wound to avoid infection Doctor is required for 2./3. degree burn, or 1. degree burn over a large area Burns 21

22 Is the boat ready? Before one sets off no technical problems enough fuel adequate equipment enough life vests How many can you take along? How much can you load? Are you in working condition? Did you tell anyone where you're going? 22

23 Finding your way at sea Where am I now? (position) Where am I going? (position) How do I get there? (direction, distance, time) What is navigation? 23

24 A og B at the same longitude, but different latitude B og C same latitude, but different longitude A og C different latitude and longitude Latitude and longitude 24

25 North pole South pole Prime/Greenwich meridian Equator Reference points 25

26 North of equator, indicated by an N South of equator, indicated by an S West of Greenwich, indicated by a W East of Greenwich, indicated by an E Hemispheres 26

27 Meridians and longitude 27

28 Latitude = angle from equator 28

29 Latitude is the distance from equator, expressed as an angle 90 degrees from equator to a pole Each degree of latitude divisible into 60 latitude minutes One minute of latitude equals one nautical mile = 1852 meters Positions consist of latitude and longitude Longitude is the distance from Greenwich, expressed as an angle Circumference of the earth is 360º 180º west and 180º east Do NOT use longitude to measure distance Is calculatable, but please, just don't. 29

30 Cardinal directions North = 000º & 360º East = 090º South = 180º West = 270º Always all 3 digits The compass gives a direction 30

31 1 knot = 1 nautical mile / hour Speed = distance / time Distance = speed * time Time = distance / speed Normal units are hour, knot and nautical mile Speed, time and distance 31

32 A journey of 15 nautical miles taking 2 hours means speed is: 15 / 2 = 7.5 knots Travelling at 10 knots for 3 hours means distance travelled is: 10 * 3 = 30 nautical miles Travelling at 8 knots for 90 minutes means distance travelled is: 90/60 minutes = 1.5 hours 8 * 1.5 = 12 nautical miles Practical examples 32

33 Dead reckoning gives just an estimate Observations provide a real fix Not all positions are created equal 33

34 From a round globe to a flat map 34

35 From a round globe to a flat map #2 Latitudal and longitudal degrees wrongly cross at right angles Only works with GPS if datum is the same for both 35

36 Ocean maps giving an overview of large areas, but few details Coastal maps/main series exist for the entire coast and provide enough details for normal navigation Harbour maps cover small areas (harbours), with very high level of detail "Båtsport" maps are main series maps cut into smaller pieces, with extra information for leisure boating. No longer updated! Maps exist in many versions 36

37 Stavanger harbour in main series #16 37

38 Stavanger harbour in harbour map #455 38

39 Til slutt - det viktigste av alt: 39