The Classroom Environment

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Shon Bates
5 years ago
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1 DAYLIGHTING STRATAGIES Daylight penetrates about 1.5 times the height of the window. Daylight penetrates about 2.0 times or more the height of the window with the use of a light shelf.

2 DAYLIGHTING STRATAGIES Since light has no scale, the proportions are more important than the dimensions. Ceiling Height > Room Depth = greater daylight penetration Raising the window head height = greater daylight penetration and more even light distribution The ceiling is the most important reflector in the room and should have a reflectance greater than 80%, achievable with paint (if available). Tilting the ceiling plane toward the daylight increases the reflectance.

3 DAYLIGHTING STRATAGIES The Effective Aperture Method assesses the relationship between visible light and the size of the window. Effective Aperture (EA) is the product of the Window to Wall Ration (WWR) and the Visible ibl Transmittance (VT) of the glass. WWR = 3(1.2x1.2) / 56x3= x VT of 1/8 Clear Glass = 0.86 EA = 0.26x0.86 = 0.22 EA Target =

4 NATURAL VENTILATION AND AIRFLOW The primary consideration in the design of the third world classroom with regards to ventilation and airflow is the absence of mechanical ventilation, including fans. Ventilation and Airflow control the temperature, humidity, and eliminate airborne germs must be accomplished naturally in the third world. Ventilation and Airflow are the primary contributors to the physical comfort (attentiveness ti & concentration) ti and health (attendance) of the student and teacher.

5 VENTILATION AND AIRFLOW STRATAGIES A building with its façade perpendicular to prevailing winds is subject to g ç p p p g j the greatest pressure. However since prevailing winds and solar orientation rarely coincide a building positioned at 45º to the wind actually increases the velocity with better air distribution.

6 VENTILATION AND AIRFLOW STRATAGIES Basic Airflow Patterns To create increased airflow the outlet must be larger than the inlet. A l b f 1 h ill A slow breeze of 1mph will create an air volume change of 5x per minute in an open front classroom.

7 ACOUSTICS AND NOISE INFILTRATION The primary consideration in the design of the third world classroom with regards to acoustics and noise infiltration are the hard surfaces of the typical building materials and is the absence of sound absorbing material. Although sound transmission is reduced by mass and the stiffness of construction (the third world typically utilizing CMU, brick, and Concrete building materials) unglazed openings, open or closed single pain windows, and poor roof wall connections transmit sound between spaces. Use of corrugated sheet metal roofing, typically with no substrate, is a deafening sound source during daily tropical rains in the monsoon or rainy season. Environmental Acoustic Separation, Wing Walls, Room Separation.

8 Reaching the Goal By responding to the CLIMATE emi Projects are Primarily in Two Climatic Zones Tropical Arid

9 CLIMATE TROPICAL The key to design in the Tropical Zone is the roof. Large roof overhangs shade the exterior walls and provide protection from driving rains allowing large openings for daylighting, good ventilation and temperature control. Building orientation also plays a part in shading and prevailing wind capture.

10 CLIMATE TROPICAL ORIENTATION: The Length is generally oriented East-West.

CLIMATE TROPICAL ROOF OVERHANGS, VENTILATION & RAIN CAPTURE Roof Materials & Shading to reduce Solar Heat Gain: Sheet Metal Roofing: Inexpensive but immediate

11 CLIMATE TROPICAL ROOF OVERHANGS, VENTILATION & RAIN CAPTURE Roof Materials & Shading to reduce Solar Heat Gain: Sheet Metal Roofing: Inexpensive but immediate solar gain without shading. Concrete Roofing: More expensive, insulating qualities, but stores heat. Possible Solutions: Environmental Shading, Inverted Roof, or

12 CLIMATE TROPICAL Floating Roof Double or Shaded Roof

Arch 463 ECS Fall Midterm I. 30 Multiple Choice Questions

Arch 463 ECS Fall Midterm I. 30 Multiple Choice Questions 1 Arch 463 ECS Fall 2018 Name Midterm I 30 Multiple Choice Questions 1. Since 1901 the warming climate has most affected A. northern polar regions B. northern temperate regions C. equatorial regions equally