Daylighting Design. Architects. Daylighting for (and by) Architects. David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 1. Introduction. Senior Architect, RS&H

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Jared Webster
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Daylighting Examples Religious Office School Civic/cultural Airports Shading Methods & Devices Projects

1 Daylighting Design for (and by) Architects David Laffitte, FAIA, LC, LEED AP Senior Architect, RS&H Naples, Florida July Introduction Theory Sunlighting & Daylighting Methods Toplighting Sidelighting Applied Daylighting Examples Religious Office School Civic/cultural Airports Shading Methods & Devices Projects Jacksonville Country Day School ADT Indianapolis ADT Jacksonville Design Tools Drawings & Models David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 1

2 RS&H Reynolds, Smith & Hills, Inc Daylighting Sunlighting what s the difference? overcast sunny David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 2

3 Why Use Daylight? ( WHY NOT?!! ) visual delight health & well-being performance color qualities - CRI energy savings Energy and Buildings* Buildings: 30% of U.S. energy Lighting: 20% of U.S. electrical energy *University of Florida: Energy Systems & Issues David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 3

4 sunlight changes throughout the day Color Temperature of Daylight Direct Sunlight - 4,000 deg. K Sky Light - up to 10,000 deg. K sunlight full visible spectrum incandescent full spectrum what color is light? David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 4

5 fluorescent lamp not-so-full spectrum what color is light? Availability of Daylight - latitude - time of day - time of year - geography/climate - adjacent structures summer (northern hemisphere) David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 5

6 equinox winter (northern hemisphere) Sunlight gets inside: - direct rays from sun - direct light from sky - reflections from ground - reflections from buildings David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 6

7 sky condition Puerto Rico sky condition the Moon Top Lighting: - skylights - roof monitors -atriums David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 7

8 David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 8

9 Top Lighting top lighting - floor reflection top lighting jacksonville airport David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 9

10 top lighting jacksonville airport top lighting jacksonville airport top lighting jacksonville airport David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 10

11 top lighting jacksonville airport insert finished photo top lighting jacksonville airport top lighting - diffused David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 11

12 top lighting - diffused top lighting - jacksonville terminal Side Lighting: - windows - glazed doors - curtain wall David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 12

13 Side Lighting Considerations: - orientation of apertures - function(s) of space - controls & adjustments external shading - solid horizontal David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 13

14 lightshelves redirect sunlight wall section lightshelf & shading lightshelf integrated into building design David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 14

15 view from below top of lightshelf reflective finish fabric shading below lightshelf David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 15

16 locate circulation along exterior how much sunlight to allow in? want to work in this cubicle? David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 16

17 Side Lighting at Roof Level: - monitors - clerestories roof monitors collect low angle sun roof monitors collect low angle sun David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 17

18 clerestory office building interior clerestories - tall spaces clerestories - structural expression David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 18

19 Ground Reflected Light sunlight reflects from floor airports utilize ground-reflected reflected light David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 19

20 concrete aprons reflect light Gallerias & Atriums moscow red square G.U.M. David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 20

21 moscow red square G.U.M. moscow red square G.U.M. milan - galleria David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 21

22 narrow atrium - toplighting atrium ford foundation nyc atrium ford foundation nyc David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 22

23 orlando airport - day Orlando Airport - Night Orlando Airport - Night David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 23

24 Savannah Airport Sports/Gymnasiums houston astrodome why can t i see the ball? David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 24

25 toplighting - beijing multiple unit skylights toplighting - beijing linear skylights toplighting - beijing multiple unit skylights David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 25

26 toplighting - beijing toplighting unit skylights/diffusers sidelighting clackamas high school David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 26

27 toplighting - diffuse skylight + sidelight model studies Schools David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 27

28 daylight in schools is not new skylight UK c.1900 sidelighting all orientations the same David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 28

29 daylit classroom URBAHN ARCHITECTS - IOWA cafetorium ceiling as reflector look at building in section drawings David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 29

30 look at building in section drawings finished school foam core model David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 30

31 churches & daylight stained glass fills space with color ronchamps David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 31

32 ronchamps deep apertures reflect light riola italy - aalto riola italy - aalto David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 32

33 jubilee church rome - meier jubilee church rome - meier jubilee church rome - meier David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 33

34 side lighting of adjacent wall side lighting of adjacent wall (break) David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 34

35 2 projects for ADT Jacksonville, Fl Indianapolis, IN site orientation can optimize daylighting floor plan David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 35

36 south facing glass shaded with louvers use zone closest to glass for circulation chose tinted glass for exterior views David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 36

37 chose tinted glass for exterior views dining areas have access to courtyards 2 projects for ADT Jacksonville, Fl Indianapolis, IN David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 37

38 Floor Plan concept model Use building sections to design for sunlighting David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 38

39 aerial view clerestory as focal point using walls to redirect sunlight David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 39

40 exterior shading interior shading: roll-up shade hall with clerestory David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 40

41 staff entrance from parking lighten dark corners Physical Lighting Controls: - external - internal David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 41

42 external shading - bracketed external shading - functional vs. decorative external shading - operable glass blades David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 42

43 external shading - aerofoil blades external shading - roll up shading external shading - awnings David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 43

44 internal shading - small scale blades internal shading large scale external shading - vertical & adjustable David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 44

45 internal shading roll-up internal shading - horizontal blades internal skylight shading - open David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 45

46 internal skylight shading - closed light amplifies color of shading devices fabric shading can allow views David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 46

47 8% open fabric & 20% transmittance glass Design by drawing Design with models section - san francisco ferry bldg David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 47

48 diffuser/reflector - s.f. ferry bldg look at design in model form look at design in model form David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 48

49 shadow studies show sun s path over time denver - equinox san juan- equinox David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 49

50 foam core model denver summer solstice san juan summer solstice David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 50

51 CAD model - atrium building building section - atrium building CAD model - vertical & horizontal shading David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 51

52 CAD model - interior rendering pencil drawing Viz 3D rendering David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 52

53 Viz 3D rendering detail model image - radiance software (eclipse = end) David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 53

54 resources & links David Laffitte, FAIA, LC 54

55 Daylighting - Architectural Considerations Design for Daylighting requires active decision-making at every step of a project, from the client's initial program to the post-occupancy commissioning. Some of the decision points are: Purpose of project: Establish goals for energy use, sustainability & daylighting before starting design. If project aspires to LEED certification, the points available for daylighting and views require specific design elements. Site selection: Latitude, geography, climate, size and shape of site determine availability of sunlight & daylight. Climate also determines the extent to which heat from the sun is welcomed or shunned. Built environment: Assess surrounding developments (existing or planned) to see how they may affect access to daylighting. In dense urban areas, shadow studies may be required to determine availability of sunlight and to identify areas which should not be shadowed Orientation of building: Daylighting strategy varies with each orientation; East & west windows require most attention to glare, south orientation makes best use of light shelves & fixed shading. North orientation admits cooler color light. Design to capture daylighting: Any aperture in the building envelope will admit daylight. Direct rays of sunlight, light from the sky vault and light reflected from the ground or other buildings & surfaces are all available to be utilized. Windows, skylights, clerestories & roof monitors are most commonly used means of capturing daylight. Balance Light & Heat: The optimum daylighting strategy is one which admits only the daylight needed or desired, while minimizing solar heat gain in the cooling season and minimizing heat loss in the heating season. Who Needs the Light?: Identify interior needs for lighting by activity or user group. Zone Building Layout: Zone building layouts to make daylight available to the spaces & activities which need it. Proportions of spaces: Effectiveness of daylighting is affected by the distance from the window (or skylight) & ceiling height. Taller spaces are preferable for getting daylight deep into the building

56 Reflectance of window aperture and interior finishes. Lighter colors reflect more light and increase the efficiency of daylighting; lighter colors for window framing members and apertures help bounce light deep into the space, and reduce uncomfortable 'aperture contrast.' Orientation of glazing: Vertical glazing receives ground reflected light, direct sunlight, and light from the sky. Heat gain at midday is limited and easily controlled. Horizontal glazing receives light from the sky and direct sunlight. Horizontal glazing is most applicable to large single story buildings such as warehouses. Heat gain is greatest in the middle of the day. Shading & Redirection of Light: Passive & active devices are available to intercept light and provide shading and/or re-direction of the light. Light shelves and brise soleil are fixed elements. Blinds and shades can be adjusted manually or electrically to admit or exclude light. Properties of glazing materials: Selection of glazing material controls what wavelengths of light are admitted to the building, which ones are reflected, color appearance of the light, and U-value of the aperture.

57 David M. Laffitte, FAIA, LC, LEED AP David Laffitte is a Senior Architect and Lighting Designer with RS&H (Reynolds Smith and Hills, Inc.) based in Jacksonville, Florida. University of Florida - Bachelor of Architecture, 1972 Registered Architect Florida AR NCARB certification 1985 NCQLP Lighting Certified 2005 Fellow American Institute of Architects, 2010 Member - Illuminating Engineering Society Professional: David's professional career has been centered in Jacksonville, Florida, except for two pivotal years in Cambridge MA working with lighting designer & architect William Lam. During that time, Mr. Lam was researching and writing his book "Sunlighting as Formgiver for Architecture", which afforded Laffitte an opportunity to learn from a master of architectural lighting design. Upon his return to Florida, David resumed his architectural career as an architectural designer with the addition of the lighting design specialty. Lighting design projects include: Phase II and Delta terminals at Orlando International Airport, Savannah International Airport, Savannah GA American Airlines concourse and F.I.S. facility: Luis Munoz Marin Int'l Airport, San Juan, PR Jacksonville International Airport, Jacksonville, FL. Jacksonville Museum of Modern Art, Three Bridges Lighting Project - Jacksonville, FL. Vistakon Eye Institute, Fitness Center and Training Auditorium, Jacksonville, FL. Florida Gulf Coast University Performing Arts Building MBS Airport, Michigan. (plus various office buildings, call centers, schools, churches)

SUN, LIGHT & RAIN Designing Façades in the Tropical Climate

SUN, LIGHT & RAIN Designing Façades in the Tropical Climate Ar. Lillian Tay VERITAS Design Group ZAK World of Facades, Kuala Lumpur 2 August 2018 Lessons from Vernacular Architecture Local climate time-tested