HAZWOPER 1 ST RESPONDER AWARENESS

Transcription

1 DECEMBER CORE REFRESHER HSE TOOL BOX HAZWOPER 1 ST RESPONDER AWARENESS EMERGENCY RESPONSE FIRST RESPONDER, AWARENESS LEVEL Employees whose involvement is limited to witnessing or discovering a release. DUTIES 1. Recognize release of a hazardous substance 2. Activate the Emergency Response Plan after making the proper notification 3. Establish initial site control 4. Awareness Level personnel do not take action to control or contain a release GENERAL TRAINING 1. Define a hazardous substance 2. Be aware of risks associated with hazardous substances 3. Be aware of potential outcomes 4. Know how to identify hazardous substances 5. Know the role of awareness level personnel 6. Recognize the need for additional resources! EMERGENCY RESPONSE FIRST RESPONDER - OPERATIONS LEVEL Employees who respond to release in a defensive manner without trying to stop the release. DUTIES 1. Entitled to perform all Awareness Level duties 2. Initiates control and containment from a safe distance (in an area with no potential for exposure) RECEIVES ALL THE AWARENESS LEVEL TRAINING PLUS 1. Selection and use of PPE 2. Basic HazMat terms 3. Basic control, containment, and/or confinement 4. Basic decontamination procedures 5. Relevant SOP's (Standard Operating Procedures) and termination procedures Do not attempt to perform duties that exceed your level of training! This training is only complete after you receive training in your company s or the host facility s Emergency Response Plan. Once the Emergency Response Plan is activated response activities will be coordinated and supervised by a designated Incident Commander. EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK (ERG OR NAERG) The DOT North American Emergency Response Guidebook contains emergency response information in the form of guides for each hazardous chemical. The book is broken into sections that make it easier to find relevant information on chemicals in an emergency: Listed by UN ID Number - Yellow Listed by chemical name - Blue Guide section - Orange Isolation distances - Green

2 It is extremely important that you learn the meanings of the color-coded sections of the Emergency Response Guidebook; training with the ERG will enable you to respond promptly and appropriately knowing the pertinent details related to the chemical emergency. Using the chart in the Emergency Response Guidebook, show students the: Placards associated with each hazard category Hazards associated with each color Isolation perimeter tables in the green section Note: When you complete this section the review the Emergency Response Guidebook. DEFINITION OF AN EMERGENCY RELEASE 1. Varies depending upon the particular Emergency Response Plan 2. Several types of releases are generally considered emergencies: Unknown substance Involves a chemical not routinely used in the area Large release Fire / Explosion Potential to escape property Potential to effect areas outside of the immediate area of the release OBSERVATION 1. An emergency release is most frequently detected by observation 2. Indications of a release of a hazardous material Liquids where liquids shouldn t be Sheens Whistling sounds Strange odors Visible vapors or fumes Bubbling and foaming Discolored soil Dead plants and animals IDENTIFICATION OF THE HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE Location Container shape Certain types of chemicals are associated with containers: Trailers Barges Drums Totes Cylinders A container you have never seen before is potentially very dangerous - It may contain an exotic chemical! SIGNS & LABELS DOT o The DOT requires that hazardous materials in shipment contain markings, labels, and placards to identify the contents o DOT labels and placards are large and meant to be read by emergency responders from a long distance o Labels and placards use colors, symbols, and numbers to identify categories of hazardous material UN Numbers (United Nations: International HazMat numbers) are associated with labels and placards; these can be used to look up the proper shipping name In the Emergency Response Guidebook, emergency response information is provided in the guides associated with each chemical:

3 Isolation perimeters Control and containment techniques Appropriate PPE First aid Decon HAZARD COMMUNICATION o Hazards substance in occupational settings must have OSHA label o The size of HazCom labels is not mandated in law - they can be very small o Once the name of the chemical is known, the MSDS can be obtained to determine the appropriate response SAFE SCENE Establishing the initial isolation perimeter: Awareness and Operations level personnel frequently establish the initial isolation perimeter The best source of information is the Emergency Response Guidebook For unknown materials, the minimum recommended distance is 330 to 660 ZONES Hot o The hot zone is where the release is located and where there is a potential for exposure o PPE is usually required to enter this area o The outer boundary is the isolation perimeter Warm o The warm zone is a safety margin around the hot zone o Decontamination takes place in this zone o PPE maybe required to perform decon Cold o The cold zone is everything outside of the warm zone o Support activities take place in this zone o No special PPE is required DECON No one should be allowed into the Hot Zone until a decontamination plan has been implemented If Awareness and Operations level personnel have done their jobs properly, they won t need decontamination Decontamination may be necessary to make tools such as shovels safe Disposable materials may not need Decon Decon information for a particular hazard can be difficult to obtain 1. Look in skin exposure section of the MSDS and the Emergency Response Guidebook 2. Call manufacturer or shipper Most oil-based chemicals are easily removed using soap and water Personnel performing Decon must protect themselves from exposure PPE PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT PPE is usually required to enter in the Hot Zone and at some stations on the decontamination line. The EPA has devised a level system to describe PPE: Level A o SCBA and a Totally Encapsulating Gas Tight Suit o Level A is designed to protect against gases or vapors that might injure the skin Level B o SCBA and some type of protective garment o Highest respiratory protection and varying degree of skin protection o OSHA requires the use of at least Level B when making initial on-site surveys Level C o APR and some type of skin protection

4 o Must meet all the requirements for Air Purifying Respirators (APR) use Level D o Lowest level o Normal industrial clothing and PPE Protective Clothing: Gloves Gauntlets Aprons Slicker Suits Tyvek Coveralls Acid Suits Splash Suits Firefighter s Protective Clothing Fully Encapsulating Suits Non-Encapsulating Suits Blast or Fragmentation Suits Proximity Suits or Approach Clothing Radiation-Protective Suits There is a high degree of heat stress associated with the use of protective garments in hot areas: o Ventilation is usually not good, so there is little evaporative cooling o Simply drinking large amounts of water may not be adequate to protect workers from heat stress o Special devices, such as ice jackets and vortex cooling units, may be necessary The PPE necessary for your response activities must be identified in the company s Emergency Response Plan. You must receive hands-on training with any PPE you are expected to wear. EXCAVATION & TRENCHING Trenching accidents cause an estimated 100 deaths per year and account for about 1% of work-related deaths in the U.S. CAVE-INS Cave-ins cause most deaths in excavations. Victims die from asphyxiation caused by the weight of the collapsed material preventing the chest from expanding. Even if the victim s airway is open and oxygen is available, the constriction of the chest cavity prevents the gas exchange from taking place in the lungs. HAZARDOUS ATMOSPHERES Hazardous atmospheres are sometimes encountered in excavations. This is a particular problem when the excavation is in soil saturated with hazardous liquids. The presence of gases or vapors that are heavier than air greatly enhance the danger. An excavation deeper than four feet that has a hazardous atmosphere may require precautions similar to those used in confined spaces. UNDERGROUND UTILITIES Underground utilities, such as pipelines and electrical cables, are a potential hazard during excavations. Before ground is broken, a meeting should be held with plant maintenance personnel so that underground utilities can be located. It may be necessary to call a regional one call service to obtain information on underground utilities. These organizations keep records on the location of underground utilities within a specific region. If accurate information on underground utilities and flowlines is not available the excavation should proceed slowly. If red cement or a warning tape is encountered, excavation should stop until additional information can be obtained.

5 PREVENTING CAVE-INS OSHA requires precautions to be taken to prevent cave-ins in excavations deeper than five feet. Two general methods that have been developed to prevent cave-ins are: 1) SHIELDING AND SHORING Shielding and Shoring relies on mechanical structures to support the sides of the excavation Shielding involves the use of prefabricated protective structures, such as trench boxes Shoring involves the use of a system of crossbraces, wales, uprights, and jacks. Shoring is a complex system that must be designed by an experienced engineer 2) SLOPING AND BENCHING Sloping and Benching relies on angling the face of the excavation so that the walls will safely support themselves Sloping involves angling back the material in a continuous plane Benching involves angling back the material in a series of steps or terraces In Sloping and Benching, the angle necessary is determined by the type of material being excavated. The angle at which a soil is self-supporting, known as the angle of repose, varies according to its composition. To determine the correct angle of repose you must be able to identify the soil type. SOIL TYPES OSHA uses a simplified system that categorizes soil into four types: Stable Rock - solid mineral material Type A - Clay, Sandy Clay & Clay Loam Type B - Angular Gravel, Silt, Sandy Loam & Previously Disturbed Soil Type C - Gravel, Sand, Loamy Sand & Soil Freely Seeping Water ANGLE OF EXCAVATION Once the soil type is identified, the safe angle of the excavation face can be determined. Stable Rock doesn t require any angle at all, so a 90 o angle is acceptable. Type A soil requires an angle of 53 o. Type B soil requires an angle of 45 o. Type C soil requires an angle of 34 o. The angel of a benched wall is based on the angle formed if edges of the benches were connected with a straight line. Bench height must never exceed three and a half feet in height in Type A soil and eighteen inches in Type B soil. Benching is not considered appropriate in Type C soil. It is possible to use combinations of the methods simultaneously in an excavation. For example, the upper section of an excavation might be protected by benching and the lower section protected by a shoring system. This is frequently necessary since Sloping and Benching is only allowed to a depth of 20 feet. INSPECTIONS Regardless of the method used to prevent a cave-in, OSHA requires that a safety inspection of excavations be conducted by a competent person. These inspections must take place before each shift and any time there is a change in conditions that might affect the stability of the excavation. Changes in the weather and the nearby operation of heavy equipment are examples of situations that might warrant a re-inspection.

6 ADDITIONAL PRECAUTIONS One of the worst things that can happen when workers are in the excavation is to have materials, equipment or personnel fall on them from above. Several things can be done to reduce the chances of this happening: Erecting barricades so that pedestrians and equipment operators are aware of the excavation will help reduce this hazard, as well as protecting other personnel from being injured by falling into the excavation Keeping spoil piles and equipment at least two feet away from the edge of the excavation will also help RESCUE If an emergency does take place in the excavation, the chance of a worker being severely injured or killed can be reduced if simple steps are taken in advance. For example: OSHA requires that a means of exit, such as a ladder or ramp, must be positioned within twentyfive feet in excavations deeper than four feet. A rescue plan should also be developed which includes the pre-positioning of rescue equipment. Both of these steps will allow a speedy response in the event of a cave-in. It should be noted that rescuers should avoid entry into the excavation until it is stabilized. Also, using heavy equipment to uncover buried workers is not recommended since there is a chance the worker will be recovered in pieces. OFFSHORE GOING OFFSHORE Be Prepared for a Longer Stay Have Your PEC Card Have all necessary personal Items You must have your PPE Preparation is the key to a successful and enjoyable stay offshore, whether it is for a day or two or for a 14-day hitch. Plan for a longer stay than scheduled. In the aftermath of 9/11, it is advisable to always have your PEC Photo-ID Card with you when heading offshore. Your host operator will recognize the card; it gives them your basic ID info and shows your level of safety training. By January 2006, a photo-id swipe card will be mandatory for all offshore work. Make sure you have an adequate supply of personal items, including any medications you might need. All prescriptions should be in the original containers. Inform security of your prescription when you check into the shorebase. Discuss the medications (prescription and over-the-counter) you are taking and the reasons why with your supervisor prior to your assignment. There is nothing as frustrating for your employer than for you to arrive offshore without the proper PPE. Typically, you must have approved hardhat, safety glasses, safety boots, and PFD to access transportation offshore. These are minimums. Driving to and from the shorebase can be the most dangerous part of your job. Good preparation for your successful trip offshore also includes being well-rested and fit for the drive. Arriving at the shorebase under the influence of alcohol or drugs (legal or illegal) can be grounds for dismissal, or at least refusal to allow you offshore. Do not risk your job or your life by driving unless you are fully alert and aware.

7 DO NOT TAKE OFFSHORE! Many offshore operators do not allow the following items: Butane Lighters & Self-striking Matches Plastic Garbage Bags Weapons, Alcohol & Illegal Drugs (Contraband items) BE AWARE OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS It is illegal to throw any material overboard (30 CFR (b)(6)) liquids or solids, and especially plastics of any kind from platforms, boats, etc. Your host company will have marked storage and shipping containers to handle all wastes. All waste materials are to be disposed of properly in these covered containers to avoid accidental loss overboard. In addition, efforts must be made to control the unintended loss of items such as empty buckets, hardhats, shrink-wrap, strip lumber and pipe thread protectors. Your company can be heavily penalized for non-compliance with these regulations and disobeying these rules is grounds for dismissal. It is your duty to report all losses, spills and other environmental releases as soon as possible to your supervisor or the host company s representative. All such regulations are in effect from the time you enter the host operator s facility, including your time enroute on the boat or helicopter. ALL WASHED UP The MMS requires (NTL No G11) that all new offshore workers must view the training presentation produced by the Offshore Operators Committee entitled All Washed Up: The Beach Litter Problem. All those contractors actively engaged in offshore operations (e.g. wireline operators, contract lease operators and maintenance or construction crews) must view this presentation, and review it annually. ARRIVAL AT SHOREBASE Arrive Alive drive safely and use your seatbelt Check In let the dispatcher know that you are there Destination the dispatcher needs to know who you re working for and the location Weight be specific use the scale; weigh yourself and your luggage Orientation - if there is a company orientation, watch it! HELICOPTER TRANSPORT Pilot is in Command No Smoking Do Not Get in a Hurry APPROACHING THE HELICOPTER Make Eye Contact with the Pilot Secure Loose Items Proceed When Motioned To Do So Know Your Surroundings Beware of Tail and Main Rotors Keep Long Items Horizontal Secure Baggage

8 BOARDING THE HELICOPTER Boarding the helicopter is one of the most dangerous times during your flight offshore. Before you approach the helicopter, take a mental inventory of the helicopter that you will be boarding and other helicopter operations in the area. Determine the correct path, and get a general orientation of your surroundings. Do not approach the helicopter until you are motioned to do so by the helicopter pilot. If you are the first in line, make eye contact and follow his instruction. When motioned to approach and board the helicopter, secure your personal items such as caps, scarves, and other items that could be blown away. If something should be blown away, do not chase after it. You may find yourself in a rotor path. Also, when approaching, you should stay low. Some helicopter s rotor blades can sweep down under certain wind conditions. Keep any item that is over four feet in length in the horizontal position in order to keep it out of the main rotor. Proceed to the baggage compartment, usually located on the side or rear of the helicopter. Do not walk around the rear of the helicopter or try to walk under the tail boom. The tail rotor will be turning and in some cases, cannot be easily seen. With the noise and distractions involved with boarding, there have been instances where personnel have walked into tail rotors. It s not a pretty sight, and you only do it once. ADDITIONAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS AROUND HELICOPTERS After storing your baggage in the baggage compartment, go to the boarding entrance without walking around the rear of the helicopter, and get a PFD (often a Mae West inflatable life vest). After putting on the vest, board the helicopter, fasten your seatbelt, and put on your hearing protection. Always wear your seatbelt for the entire flight. The pilot may direct you where to sit. Advise the pilot if you have never flown in the model of helicopter you are about to board. You will be given a short aircraft orientation, showing you where the emergency equipment is located and other important safety information. Never attempt to carry illegal substances or hazardous materials onboard a helicopter. If you are carrying a hazardous material that is work specified you must file the proper paperwork in advance and advise the pilot of it. BOAT TRANSPORTATION The Captain is in Command Wear Your PFD Report for Seating Study Station Bill You must wear your PFD whenever boarding or getting off a vessel. The Captain is in command of the vessel and has complete authority onboard, as well as in regard to boarding the vessel in accordance with U.S.C.G. Regulations and his/her boat company practices. The Captain can refuse to board anyone he/she considers to be an unsafe passenger. You must follow instructions of the boat Captain at all times while onboard the vessel. Prior to departure, the captain or designated crew member should brief the passengers concerning the vessel's safety equipment, location, proper usage and donning. The Station Bill will also give you important emergency information. You should locate where the nearest life vests and other emergency equipment are stored. All passengers should remain seated and fasten seat belts inside the cabin while vessel is underway, docking or leaving port. Remain in the passenger compartment. It is forbidden to enter into the crew quarters, wheelhouse or engine rooms. The vessel s safety rules include mandatory requirements that passengers do not smoke, do not throw anything overboard, and assist in keeping the vessel clean and orderly. Report all incidents, accidents or injuries to the Captain.

9 SWING ROPE SAFETY You Make the Decision Ask for Help if Needed Follow Swing Rope Safety Rules Focus on the Swing If you have not had the opportunity to use a swing rope, it can be a little intimidating at first. This is especially true in bad weather. Remember: You make the final decision whether or not to use the swing rope. PERSONNEL BASKETS Anticipate lift Bend Knees for shock absorption Maintain a good hold ARRIVAL OFFSHORE Whether you arrive by boat or helicopter, you will be introduced to a new environment. Your first duty is to report to the person in charge for check in. If you have more gear than you can carry with one hand, get help or make several trips. Go slowly until you feel comfortable in your new environment. Use the handrails and proceed to the check-in location. Many times there will be signs showing you the way. During your check-in, you may receive sleeping assignments, be informed of eating accommodations, and be given a site-specific orientation. This orientation will discuss emergency evacuation procedures, hazardous conditions, and the rules and regulations of the location. If you do not receive an orientation, ask for one. WATER SAFETY Most offshore personnel go their entire career without getting wet. The safety planning that is built into offshore operations make it highly unlikely that you will find yourself in the water; however, it does happen. Some operators require that you be able to swim, or that you have completed a water-survival safety course such as PEC s (industry-accepted). Water-survival safety training teaches some basic water skills that enable you to stay afloat and signal for help in the event you end up overboard. Once offshore, Station Bills, site-specific orientations, drills, and your company s training programs are all designed to give you an excellent chance of surviving if you should have to enter the water. But in the final analysis, your actions may determine if you survive: Know the types of PFD Know when each type is appropriate Know how to use them as they were designed to be used PFDs Type I - When properly secured, the Type I will give you the most buoyancy and keep your head out of the water, even if you are unconscious. Type V - The Type V PFD is a work vest. You might also find life rings, lifeboats, lifefloats, and escape capsules on the rig or platform. Know where they are located and how to use them. Actively participate in safety meetings and emergency drills. And most important, if you don t know, ask questions. SURVIVAL IN THE WATER Normally, offshore workers are not allowed in the water at an offshore location. The exceptions are for divers performing their specified work or in the event of an abandon platform order, or to rescue another worker if there is no other option. If you are entering the water to rescue another person, as in

10 all rescue operations, you should first summons help, then remove shoes and heavy outerwear, and don a safety line/lifeline and PFD. Should you have to get into the water, don't jump unless it is the only option you have. By jumping, you run the risk of injuring yourself on the way down and possibly jumping on someone who is in the water. Once in the water, try to stay calm, stay in a group, conserve your energy, conserve your body heat, and await assistance.

11 DECEMBER - CORE REFRESHER SAFETY MEETING EMPLOYEE NAME (PRINT) : DATE: COMPANY NAME: EMPLOYEE SIGNATURE: MEETING GIVEN BY: 1. A release/spill involving an unknown substance is not considered an emergency. 2. The minimum recommended isolation distance for an unknown chemical is: A. 15 to 45 feet B. 75 to 220 feet C. 330 to 660 feet D feet or more 3. No one should be allowed into a Hot Zone until a decontamination plan has been developed and carried out. 4. Good sources of information on hazardous materials include: A. MSDS B. The Emergency Response Guidebook C. The Manufacturer or Shipper D. All of the above 5. are a potential danger in excavations. A. Hazardous atmospheres B. Cave-ins C. Underground utilities D. All of the above 6. Many gravels, sand, loamy sand and water-logged soils are examples of: A. Type C soils B. Soils that need a 34 o angle of excavation C. Soils that are prone to collapse easily D. All of the above 7. What type of fall protection is as vital to workers in an excavation as it is to workers at surface level above the excavation? A. A full body harness B. A personnel hoist C. A barricade D. None of the above 8. Which of the following would you not do once onboard the transport vessel? A. Report to the cabin B. Sign the manifest C. Go to the wheelhouse D. Wear your PFD 9. It is not necessary to participate in the Facility Safety Orientation once you arrive offshore. 10. Helicopter rotors blades are dangerous because: A. They can easily cut you in half B. They are hard to see when spinning C. They often dip at the edges D. All of the above 11. Wait for the pilot to before approaching a helicopter. A. Make eye contact and signal you aboard B. Start the engines C. Stop the engines D. Come out and get you 12. No one but you can decide on whether or not you feel that you can safely use the swing rope.

12 13. Hold on tightly and keep your knees slightly bent is good advice for: A. Riding in a helicopter B. Rigging C. Riding a personnel basket D. None of the above 14. If you do not receive a Site Specific Orientation when you arrive offshore: A. You don't need one B. Wing it C. Go to quarters and prepare for work D. You should immediately ask for one 15. Falls on stairways are a common form of injury offshore. 16. If you see trash or debris on the decks of the transport vessel you should toss it overboard to prevent a trip hazard. 17. When working offshore report all accidental discharges. 18. Should you have to get into the water, don't jump unless it is the only option you have. By jumping, you run the risk of injuring yourself on the way down and possibly jumping on someone who is in the water.

13 Date: Sign-In Sheet for Safe Operations Meeting Conducted By: Means to Verify Understanding: Quiz Q & A - Group Discussion Hands On Demo Safety Topic(s) Covered: PEC Core Refresher 12 HAZWOPER AWARENESS 1. Name ( p r I n t ) Signature Employee # or Last 4 digits of SS #