BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA MINE ACTION CENTRE S T A N D A R D FOR MINE CLEARANCE AND EOD OPERATIONS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Transcription

1 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA MINE ACTION CENTRE S T A N D A R D FOR MINE CLEARANCE AND EOD OPERATIONS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA MINE ACTION CENTRE

2 SECOND REVISED AND AMMENDED EDITION Notification Pursuant to Article 6 under b) of the Demining Law in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Official Gazette BH No 5/02), at the proposal of Mine Action Centre Bosnia and Herzegovina (hereinafter BH MAC), the Demining Commission of Bosnia and Herzegovina approves this Standard for Mine Clearance and EOD Operations in BH, as with date on the front page. This Standard is subject to amendments and revisions according to revision of procedures as stated in further text. The users of this text may check the status on the BH MAC project web page Notification of copyright Standard for Mine Clearance and EOD Operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina is a BH MAC document and as such is protected by copyright. Neither this document nor any of its part is to be reproduced, archived or transmitted in any form, in any way or for any other purpose without previous BH MAC approval. BHMAC acts as a technical body for the Demining Commission of Bosnia and Herzegovina (hereinafter the Commission). The Commission, as the central demining body in Bosnia and Herzegovina, is established by the Council of Ministers. This document is not to be sold. Address: Mine Action Centre Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina, 7000 Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8. bhmac@bhmac.org Phone: (+387) Fax: (+387) Bosnia and Herzegovina Mine Action Cenntre OIU - /3

3 REVISIONS. The Revisions to Standard for Mine Clearance and EOD operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina (hereinafter the standard) may be conducted, printed and entered into table in accordance with the procedure. 2. A discussion is conducted within BH Demining Community, while the final version is the decision of BH MAC. The Demining Commission is approved by Demining Commision in Bosnia and Herzegovina approves the revision. 3. Upon the date of coming into effect of the revision proposed, the members of demining community will accept it and act accordingly. 4. Remarks and suggestions for revision or amendment of the Standard are to be delivered to BH MAC. RECORD OF REVISIONS Revision No 0/-- 22/04 Revision Date Chapter of the Standard Short description of the revision CHAPTER V Annex : Revision and ammendements of survey procedures Revision incorporated by (Name and surname) BH Demining Comission First edition of the BH Standard was approved by BH Demining Commision January 8 th This edition is printed with revisions and amendments made until the date of editing, which are in accordance with the Demining Law in BH (OG No 5/02). Bosnia and Herzegovina Mine Action Cenntre OIU - 2/3

4 Mine Action Center Bosnia and Herzegovina CONTENTS Ser. Chapter Title Chapter Mark. NOTIFICATION, REVISIONS AND INTRODUCTION Page TRAINING Chapter I 3. MARKING OF MINED AREAS AND TASKSITE Chapter II 4. TASKSITE LAYOUT AND MANUAL OPERATIONS Chapter III 5. DEMOLITION OF MINES AND UXO Chapter IV 6. MINE SURVEY Chapter V 7. EXPLOSIVE ORDNANCE DISPOSAL Chapter VI 8. COMMUNICATION, REGISTERING DATA AND REPORTING Chapter VII 9. TAKEOVER OF DEMINED AREA OR BUILDING Chapter VIII 0. SAFETY Chapter IX. MEDICAL SUPPORT AND CASUALTY EVACUATION Chapter X 2. QUALITY ASSURANCE Chapter XI 3. USE OF EDD TEAMS Chapter XII 4. DEMINING ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION Chapter XIII 5. MECHANICAL PREPARATION OF THE GROUND Chapter XIV 6. HOUSE CLEARACNE Chapter XV Mine Action Centre BH S - /

5 INTRODUCTION. Bosnia and Herzegovina Standard for mine and UXO Removal in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Standard), will be the fundamental document for the humanitarion mine and EOD clearance operations (demining). Organisations will make their Standing Operational Procedures (SOP) in compliance to this Standard for their ground operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina. 2. This Standard is built on the fundaments of the International Standards for Mine Clearance Operations, (IMAS), UN Technical and Safety Guidelines for demining operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina (issued by UN MAC). It is built on the experiences gathered during demining operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina, encompassing both theory and practice gathered from around the world. 3. By the adoptions of BH Demining Law (OG, No 5/02), adequate revisions were made within the Standard in order for the Chapters of Standard are in compliance with the Law regulations. 4. A minimum of technical and safety measures that must be incorporated in demining organisations SOPs are given in this Standard. Every organisation is obliged to make its own SOP which will comply to the Standard and encompass even more experiences and safety measures to be applied, all for the purpose of the safety of people who are actually conducting demining operations and Quality Control of the cleared area for the final users population of Bosnia and Herzegovina. 5. MAC structure inspections bodies will control the Regulations set in this Standard for technical and safety measures, which will be incorporated in organisations SOPs. 6. This Standard will enable MAC structure and all other to whom it might concern, the best way to plan and estimate the realization of mines and UXO removal in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as it sets the fundament for interpreting of any of the activity. 7. By the approval of this revised and amended edition of BH Standard by the Demining Commission dated June st 2003, the BH Standard approved Janurary 8 th 2000 no longer valid. Bosnia and Herzegovina Mine Action Cenntre OIU - 3/3

6 Chapter I TRAINING INTRODUCTION. A high standard of training is the essential and the first step in the overall process that will lead to efficient and safe humanitarian demining. Sound and well planned training courses, led by verified instructing personnel, classrooms, teaching tools, protective equipment and areas designated for practical field training, in compliance to BH MAC plan and programme for each course, all these guarantee the sound training of personnel for humanitarian demining. Conduct of humanitarian demining operations (within the scope of course qualification) will be allowed to those personnel only who have successfully attended and passed BH MAC verified course. 2. Students of each course that is controlled and verified by BH MAC must be in good physical conditions and capable of conducting humanitarian demining activities. Training is to provide personnel with individual skills and practical abilities, which are necessary for safe and efficient conduct of the task within the humanitarian demining process. AIM 3. The aim is to detail the BH MAC minimum requirements for training all personnel involved in demining operations. SCOPE 4. Prior to conducting the deminers training, every organisation must have a detailed plan stating needs, responsibilities, resources and Quality Assurance system, all in order to enable the acceptability, effectiveness and efficiency of the training. BH MAC will maintain the evaluation before and during the course, as a part of MAC Quality Assurance plan. 5. Prior to commencing the course, every organisation intending to carry out training courses for demining personnel must submit plans and programmes of the training to BH MAC for the purpose of evaluation. BH MAC will verify those courses only that are in accordance with standard, controlled and evaluated as positive. Organisation that is leading a course is issuing certificates about personnel who have successfully passed the course, while the data from the certificates is transferred to deminers database. 6. There has to be an inspector for preparation of every course who is specialised in the course syllabus. He is to prepare and organise the entire course and other instructing personnel who must have attended and passed as a minimum a course on which they are lecturing, as well as verified practical experience in performing the duties of section leader If necessary, it is possible to engage experts on humanitarian demining and explosive devices (MAC, SFOR, demining organisations, explosive producers, Civilian Protections and others). 7. Following is what every course in humanitarian demining should encompass: a) Individual skills b) Organisation and procedures on the site, c) Authorisations and responsibilities of the team leader, I - /3

7 8. Personnel without training and appropriate qualifications (without certificates/demining logbooks accreditation and valid authorisation for the conduct of demining must not be involved in humanitarian demining activities, since they can endanger both themselves and other personnel. 9. All functions - qualifications in humanitarian deminig can be categorised in three stages: a) Basic stage of qualifications implies basic course for humanitarian demining as well as additional knowledge with following qualifications: () Deminer (2) Medical orderly Minimum medical high school and needed exam passed. (3) Communications operator (4) Section Leader course for Section Leader (5) Surveyor Surveyor course (6) Building / House clearance deminer House Clearance Course (7) Ground preparation machine operator Course for ground preparation machine operator (8) EOD operator Basic EOD course (9) EOD Team leader Basic EOD Course and EOD team leader course (0) Dog handler Humanitarian demining course for dog handler b) Higher stage of qualifications implies organisational and managerial capabilities, as well as capability for making decisions on one s own. () Task site manager (platoon commander, group leader, team leader) (2) EDD team trainer (3) General survey team leader (4) Site monitor Course for site monitors (5) Mine Awareness Instructor Instructor s course for mine awareness c) Specialised stage of qualifications requires specialised education and qualifications () Demining instructor (2) EOD instructor (3) Humanitarian Demining Quality Control Inspector Course for Quality Control Inspector 0. For every following stage a candidate is required to have attended and passed previous stage course from the particular domain.. Courses for first aid must be encompassed within plans and programmes of BH MAC courses, given as Annexes to this Chapter. 2. There are several reasons for organisations to conduct courses, such as need for new personnel, usage of new methods, new equipment, suggestions for improvement in the segments of safety and efficiency within the humanitarian demining process. This will also include a positive approach towards Quality Assurance issue. All these reasons will be added to the minimum syllabus of the training plans and programmes and submitted to the Demining Community by BH MAC. 3. All the personnel involved in humanitarian demining who are in possess of a certificates are to be issued a Deminer s Logbook-accreditation. Data from Deminer s Logbook is stored in BH MAC I - 2/3

8 database. Deminer s logbook-accreditation and valid authorisation for work is a personal document that is to be shown to MAC inspector if asked for, as a proof that a person is qualified to perform stated duties in humanitarian demining tasks. 4. All training will comply with the safety measures in humanitarian demining (Chapter IX). Training area must safe or cleared area with NO live mines with attached fuses. Training / dummy mines and fuses will be used during training. 5. Basic courses should however imply demonstration exercises of the effect most usual mines in BH produce when they are activated. These effects can be shown either on the exercising field or a movie clip, slide, picture etc. 6. For the purposes of dog handlers course (for EDD training), live mines must be used but always without fuses (disarmed), under instructor s supervision. 7. Minimum plan and programme syllabus for humanitarian demining will be attached to this chapter. It will be input into every course. This syllabus will enable BH MAC verify plans and programmes to whoever organises the course. ANNEXES Plans and programmes for humanitarian demining courses Annex A Basic course for humanitarian demining Annex B EOD operator course Annex C Humanitarian demining Quality Control course for QC inspectors Annex D Mine Awareness Instructor Course Annex E: Section leader course Annex F: Site monitor course Annex G: House Clearance Course Annex H: EOD team leader course Annex I: Dog handler course Annex J: Surveyors course Annex K: Course for mechanical preparation machine operator I - 3/3

9 B H S T A N D A R D Annex A Chapter I BASIC HUMANITARIAN DEMINIG COURSE PLANS AND SYLLABUSS DURATION COURSE CURRICULUM This curriculum implies the minimum 5 working days of the course, 8 classes every day. Every course class is to last 45 minutes. REVIEW OF TIME NECESSARY FOR THE COURSE TO BE HELD Entire course duration according to topics and subjects No. of hrs I General part 7 II Topics 00. Deminining Survey, communications, recording and reports 7 3. Getting familiar with mines and UXOs 8 4. Medical course 5 5. Protective equipment 4 II Test of the knowledge gained and estimation /marks 3 Total: 20 COURSE SYLLABUS I GENERAL Ser. SUBJECT/TOPIC LECTURES No. of hrs. General.. Introduction. Administration 2. Introduction to the course and the person teaching 3. Organisation and structure of 2 Demining Community in BiH 4. Responsibilities 5. Employment conditions etc..2. Introducing the course syllabus. Curriculum planned day by day 2. Attendees equipped with a course plan and written material 3. The essence of humanitarian demining (differences between military and humanitarian)..3. Equipment issued and returned 2.4. Analysis of the course and issuing diplomas 2 I-/5

10 B H S T A N D A R D TOTAL: 7 II COURSE TOPIC Ser. SUBJECT/TOPIC LECTURES No. of hrs. Demining.. Organisation of demining section and safety measures. Structure of demining section / team and the platoon 2. Responsibilities of section members 3. Demining section equipment (individual and section s) 4. Demining general safety measures.2. Demining tools. Prodder 2. Trip wire feeler (antenna) 3. Vegetation cutting tools 4. Digging tools.3. Types of marking and means used. Distribution in marking 2. Marking poles (pickets) 3. Mine tape 4. Mine marking signs 5. Base stick 6. Marker for the datum point 7. Metal poles (regular nails allowed).4. Manual demining procedures. Trip wire feeler procedure 2. Visual search 3. Removal of vegetation 4. Checking area with a metal detector 5. Prodding procedure 6. Digging procedure for a located item (mine ) 7. Encountering mine/uxo or a trip wire 8. Collecting metal 9. Remote pulling procedures 0. Burning. Demining or roads.5. Metal detector. Intention and function 2. Types of metal detectors 3. Basic parts 4. Accessories I - 2/5

11 B H S T A N D A R D 5. Work check and calibration 6. Search techniques.6. Organisation of deminers work. Responsibilities 2. Two-man team 3. Working deminer supported and supervised by the section leader 4. Order and discipline 5. Practical work on the site.7. Task site layout. Organisation of the site, designated areas and reference points of the site 2. Datum point and datum line 3. Site layout depending on various locations.8. Clearance. Clearance of working lanes 2. Mine marking 3. Procedures on encountering a trip wire 4. Removal of mines with explosive.9. House Clearance. Particularities in site layout 2. Encountering booby traps.0. Mine Accident. Procedure when mine accident occurs (practical exercise included).. Practical exercises:. Work 2. Identification of metal, plastics, with a prodder wood, stone..2. Practical exercises: 2. Locating. Work with nails mines with a metal detector.3. Exercise. Section exercise in pressure mine clearance of the area.4. Exercise 2. Section exercise in stake mounted mines clearance 2. Locating life fuses. Work at a fake according to working points sites 2. Location of training mines. Work at a fake according to working points sites 2. Location of training mines.5. Mechanical preparation of the. Intention, types and working ground methods.6. Location of mines using EDDs. Intention and EDD team working methods TOTAL: Survey, communications, recording and reporting 2.. Survey levels., 2. and 3.. Level survey - general 2. Level 2 survey technical 3. Level 3 Survey - final 2.2. Compass. Description of compass and its intention 2. Using compass for setting bearings 2.3. Topographic maps. Subject, name, register, (map sheet No.), scale (the topographic map, I - 3/5

12 B H S T A N D A R D cadastral plans maps and sketches) 2. Topographic signs and mine pollution signs 3. Map orientation and setting the datum point 2.4 Minefield marking. Types of minefield marking 2. Marking signs 2.5. Organisation of communications. Types of communications 2 2. Radios, description and handling 3. Organisation of communication on site 2.6. Recording and reporting. Records on the site 2. Reports on demining clearance TOTAL: 7 3. Familiarisation with mines and UXOs 3.. Anti-personal mines. Types and intention 3 2. Characteristics 3. Fuses 3.2. Anti-tank mines. Types and intention 3 2. Characteristics 3. Fuses 3.3. Booby traps. Intention 2. Most usual methods of setting 3.4. Unexploded ordnance. Types of UXOs 3 2. Characteristics 3.5. Demolitions. Safety measures during 8 demolitions of mines and UXOs 2. Explosives and accessories 3. Demolition charges (types and characteristics of work) 4. Initiation exercise TOTAL: 8 4. Medical Training 4.. Injuries. Types of injuries 2. Broken bones procedure I - 4/5

13 4.2. Basic first aid procedure, emergency medial aid and evacuation to the ambulance, (CASEVAC) 4.3. Medical evacuation transport of injuries to the hospital (MEDEVAC) 5. Protective Equipment 5.. Helmet, visor, protective jacket, protective footwear etc. B H S T A N D A R D. Procedure with heart and breathing 3 problems 2. Procedures with bleedings 3. Procedures with splinters for broken bones 4. Procedure with a temperature wave 5. Procedure with a snake bite 6. Particularities with basic first aid in the minefield 7. Extrication of the injured form the accident point to the safe area, forward to the ambulance. Resuscitation/reanimation of injured and transport to the hospital TOTAL: 5. Characteristics and possibilities for protection 2. Minimum protective equipment 5.2. Equipment maintenance. Care for equipment 2. Cleaning and repairing equipment 2 2 TOTAL: 4 TOTAL 00 III TEST OF THE KNOWLEDGE GAINED AND ESTIMATION /MARKS. Written and practical tests.. Introduction test and analysis. Knowledge of mines and fuses.2. First knowledge test and 2 analysis.3. Second knowledge test and 2 analysis.4. Final exercise and practical test (of deminers, medical orderlies, section leaders, communications operators and drivers) (SECTION AND PLATOON LEVEL). Task site layout 8 2. Preparation for work 3. Location of trip wires 4. Removal of vegetation 5. Prodder and metal detector search techniques 6. Locating an item with a prodder 7. Digging of the located item 8. Procedures on locating a mine 9. Procedure on locating an UXO 0. Procedures on locating a trip wire TOTAL: 3 COURSE TOTAL: 20 I - 5/5

14 B H S T A N D A R D Chapter I Annex B DURATION EOD OPERATOR COURSE PLAN AND SYLLABUS This course plan and syllabus implies minimum of 20 working days with 8 hours a day. Every hours is to last for 45 minutes. REVIEW OF TIME NEEDED FOR THE COURSE TO BE HELD Entire course duration according to topics and subjects No. of hrs I General part 7 II Topics Basis of removal of unexploded ordnance 2 2. Basic First Aid 5 3. Preparation for removal of UXO 9 4. Situation estimation with a UXO Removal of UXO 68 III Test of the knowledge gained and estimation /marks 4 Total: 60 COURSE SYLLABUS I GENERAL Ser. Subject/Topic LECTURES No. of hrs... Basics. Introduction to the course 2 2. Organisation of Demining Community in BiH and EOD organisation structure 3. Responsibilities 4. Employment Conditions 5. Issuing material for the course etc..2. Equipping attendees.3. Familiarisation with the course syllabus (topics planned day by day).4. Equipment maintenance 4.5. Analysis and diplomas issuing 2.6. Spare time 0 TOTAL: 20 II COURSE THEME Ser. SUBJECT/TOPIC LECTURES No. of hrs 2. BASICS OF UXO DISPOSAL 2.. Types of UXO. General 2. Scattered UXO 3. UXO dropped 4. UXO laid 5. UXO fired 6. UXO on the ground or under the ground 2 I-/4

15 B H S T A N D A R D 2.2. Theory on explosives. General, what is explosive? 2 2. Deflagration, detonation, burning 3. Particular detonation 4. Classification of explosives 5. Characteristics of explosives 6. Different charges effects 2.3. Recapitulation of demolitions. Safety fuses and crimping procedures 2 2. Electrical initiation 3. Demolitions safety measures 4. Procedures with a charge misfire 2.4. Demolitions Theory Basis of Safety. Personal Protective Equipment 2 2. General safety measures, communications, medical support, safety distances tables. 3. Secondary effects, safety distances tables. TOTAL: 2 Ser. SUBJECT/TOPIC LECTURES No. of hrs. 3. BASIC FIRST AID 3.. Types of injuries, procedures with heart and respiration problems, stopping of 3 bleedings, using splinters whit broken bones Procedures with white phosphorus burns 3.3. Procedures of emergency medical aid and evacuation TOTAL: 5 Ser. SUBJECT/TOPIC LECTURES No. of hrs 4. PREPARATION FOR UXO DISPOSAL 4.. Protective measures. Cordon the area 2 2. Marking of the UXO 3. Evacuation 4.2. Survey reports. Filling in a report 3 2. Drawing sketches 4.3. UXO survey exercise. Site layout and marking 4 TOTAL: 9 Ser. SUBJECT/TOPIC LECTURES No. of hrs 5. SITUATION ESTIMATION FOR THE UXO 5.. Theory on Ammunition 5... Basics. Shape and package 2 2. Paints and letters for marking 3. Different charges Small calibre ammunition. Introduction and History 4 2. General on small calibre ammunition 3. Characteristics 4. Function 5. Handling hazards 6. Safety measures Hand grenades and rifle grenades. Introduction and History 2 2. General on grenades 3. Hand grenades 4. Rifle grenade I-2/4

16 B H S T A N D A R D Mortar grenades. Introduction and History 2. General on mortar grenades mm Artillery grenades. Introduction and History 2. General on artillery grenades mm mm mm Projectiles. Introduction and History 2. General on projectiles mm Bombs. Introduction and History 2. General on bombs Submunnition. Introduction and History 2. General on submunnition 3. KB and 2 4. Mk 5. BL Projectiles. Introduction and History 2. General on projectiles 3. Different types 4. Function 5. Guidance systems 6. Charges 5.. Booby traps. Introduction and History 0 2. General 3. Different type of booby traps 5.2. Disarming of mines Anti-personal mines. Pressure mines PMA- PMA-2 PMA-3 Gorazde AP VS-50 PFM- PMN-2 PSM- 2. Fragmentation mines PMR-2A PMR-2AS PMR-3 PMR-4 Caplinka PPMP-2 3. Bouncing fragmentation mines PROM- and P 4. Fragmentation Directional Mines MRUD I-3/4

17 B H S T A N D A R D Anti-tank mines. TMM- 2. TMA-A 3. TMA-2A 4. TMA-3 5. TMA-4 6. TMA-5 7. TMRP-6 8. TMN TM TM-62M 4 TOTAL: 32 Ser. SUBJECT/TOPIC LECTURES No. of hrs 6. UXO DISPOSAL 6.. Basics. Safety General NOTAM 2. Work plan 3. Priority 6.2. Disposal options. Explosive charges 4 2. Disarming 3. Defusing 6.3. Removal. Different types of ammunition 6 2. Practical removal 6.4. Protective works. Protective walls 8 2. Protective cover / shelter 3. Supporting walls 4. Protective trench 5. Practical work 6.5. Planning before the task starts. Planning of the task 2. Orders 6.6. Disposal exercise (mortar grenade) Disposal exercise (artillery grenades and missiles) Disposal exercise (submunnition, projectiles) Disposal exercise (mine) Disposal exercise ( all types of UXO) 32 TOTAL: 68 III TEST OF THE KNOWLEDGE GAINED AND ESTIMATION /MARKS Ser. SUBJECT/TOPIC LECTURES No. of hrs 7. Knowledge test contents 7.. Test, Theory on explosive and general safety 7.2. Test 2, Disarming of mines, practical test Test 3, Theory test, identification, safety (UXO) 7.4. Test 4, Practical test, identification, removal (UXO) 7.5. Test 5, Theory test, identification, removal 7.6. Test 8, Exam, practical test constructed as a real task (UXO removal)) 8 TOTAL: 4 COURSE TOTAL 60 I-4/4

18 B H S T A N D A R D QUALITY CONTROL INSPECTORS COURSE IN HUMANITARIAN DEMINING PLANS AND PROGRAMES Annex C Chapter I DURATION COURSE CURRICULUM This curriculum implies the minimum of 7 working days, 8 classes every day. Every course class is to last for 45 minutes. REVIEW OF TIME NECESSARY FOR THE COURSE TO BE HELD Entire course duration according to topics and subjects I GENERAL 8 II TOPICS 92. Basic knowledge of demining 7 2. Adults pedagogy 4 3. Safety and protection 3 4. Quality assurance 4 5. Demolitions and removal of UXO 2 6. Accident investigation and reporting Use of EDD teams and mechanical preparation of the ground 0 8. Survey 0 9. Planning 5 0. Information 7 III Exercises 6 IV Knowledge gained test, marks and analysis 20 TOTAL: 36 No. of hrs I GENERAL COURSE CURRICULUM Ser. SUBJECT/TOPIC LECTURES No. of hrs.. Introduction to the MAC structure.. Introduction. Administration 2. Introduction to the course 3. Introduction to the lecturer 4. Introduction of the school I-/6

19 B H S T A N D A R D.2. Welcome Speech.3. BHMAC. BHMAC structure presentation 2. Operations 3. Mine Awareness 4. Training 5. Quality assurance and Quality Control 6. Database 6 TOTAL: 8 II COURSE TOPIC Ser. SUBJECT / TOPIC LECTURES No. of hrs. Basic knowledge on demining.. Terminology Vocabulary discussion.2. Survey, demining (house clearance and removal of UXO included). What is it? 2. What do they do? 3. How it is conducted? 4. What is productivity? 5. Integration of disciplines.3. Safety, quality and productivity. Principles 2. What is safety? 3. What is quality? 2 4. How they perform combined?.4. International Standards, B H. Explanation Standard and SOP.5. BH Standard - Chapter I-. Explanation and discussion Training.6. Chapter II- Marking. Explanation and discussion.7. Chapter III- Man. operations. Explanation and discussion.8. Introduction to demining management. Basic review of demining 2. Structure: BH MAC, GOs and NGOs, commercial companies 3. Management, quality assurance, quality control, certificates.9. Task site layout. Organisation of a minefield 2.0. Demining in practice. Monitoring of demining 5 operations 2. Adult pedagogy 2.. Adult Pedagogy science on. About Adult pedagogy education of adults 2. Theory of education 3. Education principles 2.2. Methods and means in education. Defining and qualification of I-2/6 2 TOTAL: 7

20 B H S T A N D A R D education methods 2. Types of education methods 3. Lecturing tools and facilities 2.3. Organisation of education. Organisational types of education 2 2. Lecture 3. Types of lectures 4. Self-education 5. Preparation for lectures 6. Organisation and conduct of exercises TOTAL: 4 3. Safety and protection 3.. Safety rules. General rules 2. Site rules 3. Marking rules 4. Demining rules 5. Demolition rules 3.2. Protective equipment. What is it and what is it designed for? 2. What are the performances? 3. Explanation of explosion blast, 2 fragmentation, velocity and levels of protection. 4. Discuss accident analyses and protection TOTAL: 3 4. Quality assurance 4.. Quality assurance. What is quality assurance? 2. How is it performed? 3. Who performs it and how? 4.2. Quality control. What is quality control? 2. How is it performed? 3. Who performs it and why? 4.3. Standard Chapter XI Quality assurance. Presentation and explanation 2. Explanation of the contents and filling in the Reports on compliance to BH Standard TOTAL 4 5. Demolition and removal of EO 5.. Explosives and accessories. Presentation 2. Presentation of their use 5.2. Stand.-Chapter IV- Demolitions. Presentation 2. Explanation 5.3. Chapter VI - EOD. Presentation I-3/6 2

21 B H S T A N D A R D 2. Explanation 5.4. Safety rules. Explanation 5.5. Demolition preparation. Explanation of what instructor is doing during the exercise 5.6. Demolition. Practical exercises 7 ELABORATE TOTAL: 2 6. Accident investigation and reporting 6.. Accident investigation. Initial report 6.2. Board of Inquiry (BoI). Terms of Reference (TOR) 2. Members 3. Investigation conduct 6.3. Investigation procedure 4. Investigation How is investigation conducted? 5. Find out why it occurred? 6. Find out who did what. 7. Making conclusions 3 8. How to write a report? 6.4. Practical investigation. Practical exercises 2. Reporting Accident Report. Real example (good or bad) Accident statistics. Facts 2. Most frequent occurrence 6.7. Quality control during accident. Function of the monitor 2. Quality control tasks 3. c. What to do, where and when? Stand.-Chapter XIII Accident Investigation 7. EDD and Mechanical preparation of the ground. Explanation 2. Practical exercise. 5 TOTAL: EDD (explosive detecting dog). Performances (EDD team-dog handler and a dog) 2. Care 3. Training 4. Qualifications and certifications 5. EDD limitations 6. Research procedures EDD team, practical exercise. Area research exerciseobservation 7.3. BH Standard Chapter XII-Use. Presentation of EDD teams 7.4. Mechanical equipment for the preparation of ground 2. Explanation 2. History of machines. 2. Performances and limitations 3. Types of machines 2 4. Use of machines. I-4/6 2

22 B H S T A N D A R D 7.5. Mechanical preparation of the ground - exercise 7.6. BH Standard Chapter XIX Mechanical Preparation of the Ground. Mechanical preparation of the ground exercise observation 2. Presentation Explanation TOTAL: 0 8. SURVEY 8.. Survey. Introduction 8.2. Survey-use of maps. Basis of reading the map 2. Sketches and maps (drawing) BH Standard Chapter V- Survey. Presentation 2. Explanation 8.4. Survey and map reading exercise. Practical exercises. 9. Planning 5 TOTAL: Planing of a task. Preparation and planning 2. Planning of the site 3. Daily reports (records), the site, 2 plan, work etc Working plans. General 2. Planning for the use of more than one tool 3. Integrated planning 3 4. The role of the monitor TOTAL: 5 0. Information 0.. Introduction to information. What are they and why do we need them? 2. How do we get them? 3. Explanation of Levels, 2 and Database on mines.. General explanations with examples Database on mines 2.. Incidents data. 2. Accidents data. 3. Data for levels,2,3 incoming 2 and outgoing Use of maps. Needs (database) 2. Grid references, long/lat., GPS, etc. I-5/6

23 B H S T A N D A R D 0.5. Statistics. Explanation what statistics is? 2. Explanation that statistics is a part of quality control TOTAL: 7 TOTAL: 90 III EXERCISES. Exercises.. Practical exercise Quality control of a demining site.2. Practical exercise 2- Quality control of the house clearance site. Demining site (ELABORATE). House clearance site (ELABORATE) 8 8 TOTAL: 6 IV KNOWLEDGE TESTS, MARKS AND ANALYSES. Test, exams and analysis.. Introduction test 2.2. First control test. Contents from the first week lectures 2. Checking the test 2.3. Analysis of the test. Analysis of the test- Explanations for negative answers 3 2. Standardisation of terms 3. Experience exchange.4. Second Control test. Contents from the second week lectures 2. Checking the test 2.5. Analysis of the test. Analysis of the test- Explanations for negative answers 2. Standardisation of terms 3. Experience exchange.6. Exam Commission 7.7. Issuing of diplomas TOTAL: 20 COURSE TOTAL: 36 3 I-6/6

24 B H S T A N D A R D MINE AWARENESS INSTRUCTORS COURSE PLANS AND SYLLABUS COURSE PLAN Annex D Chapter I DURATION This curriculum implies that the course will last for minimum of 5 working days, with 8 lecture hours a day. Every lecture hour is to last for 45 minutes. TIME NEEDED FOR THE COURSE TO BE HELD Entire duration of course according to subjects and topics No. Of hrs. I GENERAL 4 II Theme 33. Basics of Mine Awareness knowledge 7 2. Adult Pedagogy 2 3. Familiarisation with mines and UXOs 4 III Knowledge test, marks and analysis 4 TOTAL: 40 COURSE SYLLABUS I GENERAL Ser. SUBJECT / TOPIC LECTURES No. of hrs.. General.. Introduction to the course. Plan and syllabus content 2. Information on course realisation.2. Introduction to the organisation. Welcome speech or the organiser handling the course 2. Structure and aims of the organisation.3. Spare time 2 TOTAL: 4 II COURSE THEME Ser. SUBJECT / TOPIC LECTURES No. of hrs 2. Basic knowledge on Mine Awareness 2.. Introduction to Mine Awareness. Definitions and terminology 2. Justification of Mine Awareness I-/3

25 2.2. Estimation of the needs for Mine Awareness B H S T A N D A R D. Estimation methodology 2. Making samples 3. Making questionnaires and preparation for testing 4. Performing interviews 5. The use of information 6. Needs for training and education means 2.3. Information Processing. Sources of information 2. Statistics on victims 3. Mine accidents causes investigation 4. Mine Awareness Contents 5. Analyses and distribution of information to the user 2.4. Planning the syllabus. Mine Awareness in the framework of the integral mine clearance 2. Planning techniques Mine Awareness messages. Approach to aimed groups 2. Form and content of the message 3. Threat identification 4. Mine injuries in the function of mine awareness message 3. Adult pedagogy 3.. Adult pedagogy science of the education of adults 3.2. Basic factors and characteristics of the personality development in the educational process 5. Protection from mines 6. Mine Awareness signs 7. Procedure on encountering a mine or a UXO. Adult pedagogy 2. Theories of bringing up and education 3. Principles of education. Factors of the personality development 2. Phases in the personality development 3. Motivation and its meaning in the adults education process TOTAL: Education methods and means. Defining and qualification of educational methods 2. Types of educational methods 3. Educational means and facilities 3.4. Organisation of lectures. Organisational types of lectures 2. A lecture class 3. Types of lectures/ classes 4. Self education 5. Preparation for the lecturing 3.5. Educational means for Mine. Basic principles for issuing -2/3

26 Awareness 3.6. Education of adults on Mine Awareness 3.7. Differences in Mine Awareness education of children and adults 4. Familiarisation with mines and UXO B H S T A N D A R D educational means fir Mine Awareness 2 2. Classification of educational means for Mine Awareness. Particularities in adults education on Mine Awareness 2. Sample class for adults education on Mine Awareness 3. Sample class on Mine Awareness for rural population 5 4. Exercise. Particularities and differences in education of children and adults in Mine Awareness 2. Sample class on Mine Awareness on children TOTAL: Anti-personal mines. Type and intention 2. Characteristics of mines 4.2. Anti-tank mines. Type and intention 2. Characteristics of mines 4.3. Booby traps. Intention 2. Usual methods of setting 4.4. Unexploded ordnance. Types of UXO TOTAL: 4 III KNOWLEDGE, MARKS AND ANALYS. Test and analyses.. Final exam test 2.2. Analyses and issuing diplomas for the course done TOTAL: 3 COURSE TOTAL: 40-3/3

27 Annex E Chapter I COURSE PLAN AND SYLLABUS FOR THE LEADERS OF DEMINING SECTIONS COURSE PLAN DURATION This plan and syllabus estimate that the course will last for 5 working days as a minimum, with 8 classes a day. Each class will last for 45 minutes. REVIEW OF THE TIME NEEDED FOR THE COURSE CONDUCT Timing of the entire course according to contents and topics No of lectures hrs I General 2 II Topics 35. Demining Survey, communications system, documentation and reporting 3 3. Knowledge of mines and UXO 6 4. Medical support 5. Protective equipment III Knowledge testing and grades 3 Total: 40 COURSE SYLLABUS I GENERAL SER. SUBJECT/TOPIC LECTURES No of lect. Hrs. General.. Introduction. Introduction to the course, topics, presentation of the persons running the course 2. Organisation of demining community in BiH and its structure 3. General responsibilities of the managerial personnel.2. Analyses of the course and issuing certificates TOTAL: 2 I-/5

28 BH STANDARD II SUBJECT MATTER OF THE COURSE SER. SUBJECT/TOPIC LECTURES No of lect. Hrs. Demining.. Introduction. What does demining encompass 2. International Standards and BH Standard 3. SOP of the demining organisation (contents and compliance to the BH Standard).2. Organisation of demining section and safety measures. Generally on the organisation of work 2. Structure of demining section, team, platoon 3. Responsibility of the section s members 4. General safety measures in demining.3. Demining tools and equipment. Content: tools and equipment (of the deminer and of the section) and its maintenance 2. The requirements of the Standard related to equipment and tools 3. The use of vegetation removal tools in front of the base stick and in the checked part of the working lane.4. Types and means for marking. Division of marking 2. Requirements of marking means (pickets, mine signs, base stick, LM marker and metal poles (standard nails mm in length) 3. Responsibilities of the section leader within marking procedure.5. Procedures of manual demining and Quality Control (CC). The content of the basic working procedure in the working lane and choosing the adequate procedure according to the local conditions 2. Real productivity of work with the methods adopted, related to local conditions and theoretically possible productivity as set within the BH Standard 3. Internal CC of deminers work during the day and documentation of control into the daily diary of the section leader. 4. Internal CC from the person within the organisation who is responsible for QA in the demining organisation 5. External control conducted by the MAC inspection and the monitoring..6. Metal detector. Type, characteristics and requirements according to BH Standard 2. Testing and documentation of the results at the beginning of work and after the batteries are changed 3. Sensitivity control conducted by deminers 2 I-2/5

29 .7. Organisation of work within demining section BH STANDARD. Morning briefing and tasking 2. Efficiency, safety and quality requirements 3. Working within a two-men team (one deminer supported), as well as support of four deminers work by the section leader 4. Command and discipline 5. Visitors and obligations regarding the authorised visitors.8. Task site layout. Safety requirements for the task site, designated areas and reference points of the site 2. Setting the datum point and datum line.9. Encountering a Uxo and its demolition. Team leader s procedure upon finding a mine, UXO or a tripwire 2. Marking of the mine found and closure of the working lane 3. Daily destruction in situ or other designated area 4. Protective works for diminishing the demolitions effects 5. Setting up explosive charges for demolitions (types etc.) 6. Setting up the size of explosive charge for complete destruction 7. Procedure in case of the explosive charge misfire 8. Safety measures when destructing, transporting and storing explosives 9. Documentation of the status of explosive and quantities spent..0. House clearance. Particularities in the task site layout 2. Tracing the booby trapped mines.. Deminer s accident and incident. Procedure taken by the team leader and the team in case an accident or incident happens 2. Aim of the demining accident/incident investigation 3. Activities prior to the arrival of the police and the Board of Inquiry 4. Analyses of the lessons learned from the accidents.2. Practical exercise. Withdrawal, rendering safe and disarming the mine (work with school and dummy mines) Practical exercise 2. Making the demolition charges, their setting and activation.3. Mechanical preparation of ground.4. Locating mines by the use of EDDs 2. Intention, type and method of work 3. BH Standard requirements 4. Documentation of work in the section leader s diary. Intention and the method of EDD team s work 2. Safety measures and limitations of their use 3. Documentation and sketching the areas treated by EDD teams in the dog-handler s and section leader s reports I-3/5

30 BH STANDARD 2. Survey, communication system, documentation and reports TOTAL: Level., 2. And 3. Survey. General survey. - General 2. Level 2. Survey technical 3. Level 3. Survey final 2.2. Topographic maps. Meaning, name, mark (number of the map s sheet) scale (topographic maps, cadastral plans maps and sketches) 2. Topographic signs and signs for mine contamination 3. Orientation of the map and setting up the datum point 4. Making sketches according to bearings and longitudes, along with grid references taken from 2.3. Organisation of communication, reports, documentation on the site 3. Knowledge of mines and UXO the maps. Requirements for organisation of communication on the site and the responsibilities of the section leader 2. Documentation on the site 3. Reports and signs 4. Filling in the daily report (diary) of the section leader TOTAL: Anti-personal mines. Types, intention of mines, characteristics 2 2. Fuses 3. Rendering safe and defusing procedures 3.2. Anti-tank mines. Types, intention of mines, characteristics 2 2. Fuses Rendering safe and defusing procedures 3.3. Booby traps. Intention of use 2. Most common methods of setting 3. Removal procedures 3.4. Unexploded ordnance. Types of UXO 2. Characteristics of UXO 3. Authorisation for removal TOTAL: 6 4. Medical support 4.. Emergency first aid and evacuation (CASEVAC) & medical evacuation (MEDEVAC) 5. Protective equipment. What does it encompass, 2. Team leader s obligations related to medical support on the site TOTAL: 5.. Visor, protective jacket,. Characteristics and possibilities of protection I-4/5

31 footwear etc. BH STANDARD 2. Minimum protective equipment and the requirement of BH Standard TOTAL: THE WHOLE: 35 III KNOWLEDGE TESTING AND GRADES. Knowledge testing.. Evaluation test of knowledge and grading TOTAL: 3 THE WHOLE COURSE: 40 3 REMARK: The participants of the course must have attended and passed the basic humanitarian demining course and posses additional organisational and managerial skills. I-5/5

32 BH Standard Annex F Chapter I PLAN AND SYLLABUS FOR THE COURSE OF THE DEMINING SITES MONITORS THE COURSE PLAN DURATION It is estimated that this course will last for 0 working days, 8 lectures per day. Each lecture will last for 45 minutes. THE REVIEW OF THE TIME NEEDED FOR THE CONDUCT OF THE COURSE No of ENTIRE TIMING ACCORDING TO CONTENTS AND TOPICS lect. Hrs I General 3 II Topics 64. Demining 7 2. Safety and protection 4 3. Quality Assurance 4 4. Productivity 5. Demolition and removal of Explosive devices 8 6. Accident investigation and reporting 8 7. The use of EDD teams and mechanical equipment 8 8. Survey 7 9. Monitoring procedures 4 0. Information 3 III Exercises 8 IV Estimation of knowledge, grading and analyses 5 TOTAL: 80 I GENERAL COURSE SYLLABUS (CURRICULUM) SER. No of SUBJECT/TOPIC LECTURES lect. Hrs. General.. Introduction. Administration 2. Welcoming speech 3. Introducing persons conducting the course.2. Plan and syllabus. Introduction to the course 2. Getting familiar with the planned topics according to days of the course 3. Getting familiar with the instruction booklets 4. Getting familiar with the monitoring structure of the organisation.3. Completion. Course analyses 2. Issuing certificates I-/6

33 II COURSE TOPICS SER. SUBJECT/TOPIC. Demining BH Standard LECUTRES TOTAL: 3 No of lect. hrs.. Demining terminology. Glossary of terms.2. Introduction into demining. Basic review of demining management 2. Demining community structure in BiH.3. International Standards, BH Standard (Standard) and SOP. Contents and compliance 2. Accreditation what is it and what are the conditions.4. Safety, quality, productivity. Principles 2. What is safety? 3. What is quality? 4. What is productivity? 5. How these above operate together?.5. Mines. Intention, types and classification 2. Main parts, function and the way of activating 3. Procedures for rendering safe (locating, pulling, rendering safe, defusing and demolition).6. UXO. Intention 2. Basic classification 3. Recognition.7. Marking (B Standard-Chapters II & VIII).8. Site organisation (BH Standard- Chapter III).9. Manual operations (BH Standard- Chapter III).0. Medical support (BH Standard - Chapter X).. Communication system, documentation and reporting (BH Standard-Chapter VII) 2. Safety and protection 4. Procedures for safe removal. Intention, types and means 2. Minefield marking 3. Working marking 4. Final marking. Planning, preparation and the layout 2. Designated areas and reference points 3. Practical task site layout. Content of the basic clearance procedure 2. Details on the content of each procedure 3. Standard depth of excavating and requests for deeply buried explosive devices 4. Organisation of work at a demining site 5. Practical work in the working lane. Contents 2. Procedures after an accident occurred. Requirements for communication system on site 2. Forms and documentation of the site 3. Site reports TOTAL: 7 I-2/6

34 BH Standard 2.. Safety regulations (Standard Chapters II, III, IV & IX). General safety rules while clearing mines and UXO 2. Safety rules on site 3. Safety rules while marking 4. Safety rules in demining procedures 5. Safety rules while conducting demolition 2.2. Protective equipment. Needs, design and characteristics 2. Minimum protection, higher protection and the validity of equipment 3. Explanation of the explosive wave, fragmentation, speed and the levels of protection. 4. Discuss analyses of accident and the protection Tools and equipment. Requirements and characteristics 2. Usage TOTAL: 4 3. Quality Assurance 3.. Generally on QA. What is quality assurance? 2. How is it conducted? 3. Who is performing what and in what manner? 3.2. Quality Control. What is quality control? 2. How is it conducted? 3. Who is performing what and in what manner?. Presentation 2. Explanation 3.3. Quality Assurance (Standard- Chapter XI) 3.4. Quality control certificate. What does it represent? 2. Issued by whom and when? TOTAL: 4 4. Productivity 4.. Productivity in demining. Theoretically possible productivity (Annex B- Chapter XI) 2. Methods used, local conditions and actually possible productivity TOTAL: 5. Demolition and removal of explosive devices 5.. Explosives and equipment. General terms on explosions and explosives 2. Types of explosives, initiating means and initiation 3. Explanation of use during demolition 5.2. Demolitions (Stand. -Chapter IV). Presentation 2. Explanation 5.3. UXO (Stand. -Chapter VI). Presentation 5.4. Safety rules (Standard-Chapter IV & VI) 2. Explanation. Repeat the safety rules while conducting demolitions 2. Explain the safety rules while transporting and I-3/6

35 BH Standard storing explosives 5.5. Preparation for demolition. Explain the production of explosive charge, types of initiation and the types of connecting 2. Explain the estimation of the explosion wave effects and explain protective works 5.6. Demolitions. Practical-production of explosive charges, setting, initiating and checking the effects 3 TOTAL: 8 6. Accident investigation and reporting 6.. Accident investigation (Standard-. Presentation Chapter XIII) 2. Explanation 6.2. Investigation procedure (SOP-3 Deminer s accident/incident investigation). Initial report 2. Convening the Board of Inquiry 3. Sequence of inquiry 4. How to conduct the enquiry 5. Find out why 2 6. Find out who did what 7. Reaching conclusions 8. Recommendations and lesson learned 9. How to make a report 6.3. Practical investigation. Practical exercises 2. Writing a report Demining accidents lessons learned. Analysis of lessons learned 6.5. Accidents statistics. Real fact 2. Following the common pattern TOTAL: 8 7. Use of EDDs and mechanical preparation of the ground 7.. EDD (explosive detecting dog). The use of EDD in demining 2. EDD team dog handler and EDD 3. Care for EDD 4. Training 5. Qualifications and certification 6. Limitations of use 7. Search techniques 7.2. Use of EDDs (BH Standard-Chapter. Presentation XII) 2. Explanation 7.3. EDD team, practical exercise. The exercise of the search of the area Mechanical preparation of the ground for demining 7.5. Mechanical preparation of the ground (BH Standard - Chapter XIV) observation. History of machines 2. Performance and limitations 3. Types of machines and use. Presentation 2. Explanation 7.6. Integral demining. Rule and advantages I-4/6

36 BH Standard 8. Survey 8.. Mine Survey ( BH Standard - Chapter V) TOTAL: 8. Introduction 2. Classification and contents Technical survey. Methods of work 2. Declaring the area within technical survey 8.3. Survey use of maps. Basic map reading 2. Sketches and maps (drawing) 3 3. Compass/GPS-usage 8.4. Survey exercise and map reading. Practical producing the daily and final sketch exercise TOTAL: 7 9. Monitoring Procedures 9.. SOP for Monitoring. Contractor s Requirements 2. Structure of a monitoring organisation 3. Monitors tasks on the site 3 4. Items and activities for the monitor s control 5. Monitoring reports 9.2. Quality Control Team. Planning needs for Quality Control 2. Working Procedures 3. Quality Control reports TOTAL: 4 0. Information 0.. BH MAC database. What are information and their purpose 2. The purpose of BH MAC database 3. What information are gathered 4. How the information are added 0.2. Red and blue folder. Purpose 2. Content of information 3. Final information on demining task 0.3. Statistic data. Explain statistics 2. Explain their role in assurance and quality control TOTAL: 3 THE WHOLE: 64 III EXERCISES. Exercises.. Practical exercise No. (Demining site). Demining site monitoring safety, quality, productivity 2. Writing reports, measuring of daily progress and 8 sketching 3. Analyses of monitors notes from reports TOTAL: 8 I-5/6

37 BH Standard IV ESTIMATION OF KNOWLEDGE, GRADING AND ANALYSES. Test and analyses.. First written test. According to content of the first week s topics 2. Checking tests 2.2. Second written test. According to content of the second week s topics 2. Checking tests 2.3. Analyses of test. Analyses of test 2. Explaining the negative answers 3. Questions and responses TOTAL: 5 THE WHOLE OF HOURS FOR THE COURSE: 80 REMARK: All the participants of the course must have attended and passed the basic humanitarian demining course and posses adequate organisational and managerial skills. I-6/6

38 HOUSE CLEARANCE PLAN AND SYLLABUS Annex G Chapter I COURSE PLAN DURATION It is estimated that this course will last for minimum of 3 working days, 8 lectures per day. Each lecture will last for 45 minutes. The course attendees must have passed basic humanitarian demining course. THE REVIEW OF THE TIME NEEDED FOR THE CONDUCT OF THE COURSE Entire timing according to contents and topics No of lectures I General 2 II Topics 20. Demining - House Clearance 2. Communication, recording and reporting 3. Knowledge of mines, UXO and booby traps 6 4. Medical support 5. Equipment and tools III Estimation of knowledge and grading 2 Total: 24 COURSE SYLLABUS I GENERAL SER. SUBJECT/TOPIC LČECTURES No of hrs. General.. Introduction and familiarisation with the course syllabus.2. Course analysis, issuing diplomas and giving back equipment. Administration 2. Course introduction and presentation of lecturers 3. Topics planned per day, distribution of plan, technical manuals and equipment TOTAL: 2 II SUBJECT MATTER OF THE COURSE SER. SUBJECT/TOPIC LECTURES No of hrs. Demining House Clearance I- /3

39 .. Organisation of work for deminers and sections. Responsibilities 2. Two-men-team work in houses 3. Order and discipline.2. Task site layout. Task site layout survey 2. Particularities in task site layout related to the places where houses are.3. Conduct of clearance. House access clearance, around the house and inside 2. Finding booby traps 3. Marking booby traps found and procedures of removal 4. Cleared areas marking, marking of furniture and the entire house 5. Particularities in clearing devastated houses.4. Practical exercises. Section s work on the task site layout 6 and house clearance TOTAL: 2. Communication and Reporting 2.. Organisation of communication, records and reports 3. Booby traps. Organisation of communication on site 2. Records and reports TOTAL: 3.. Booby traps. Intention 2 2. Means for production and their use 3. Fuses for production of booby traps 4. Classical explosive devices as booby traps 5. Improvised booby traps 6. Most usual methods of setting in houses (experiences) 3.2. AP and AT mines. Types, characteristics and possible use as booby traps 3.3. Unexploded ordnance. Types of UXO (basic division), basic characteristics and possible use as booby traps 3.4. Booby traps demolition. Safety measures 2 2. Estimation of charge for safe demolition or opening mouse holes (entrances) 3. Protective works for diminishing possible destruction effects 4. Demolition exercise TOTAL: 6 4. Medical support 2 I - 2/3

40 4.. First aid and basic first aid procedures, evacuation to the ambulance and the hospital (CASEVAC and MEDEVAC) 5. Equipment and tools 5.. House clearance equipment and tools. Particularities in injuries gained by booby traps and providing first aid 2. Extrication of injured from the accident site to the safe area and to the ambulance Reanimation of injured and transport to the hospital TOTAL:. Basic deminer s and other necessary equipment and tools TOTAL: GRAND TOTAL: 20 III ESTIMATION OF KNOWLEDGE AND GRADING. Written and practical tests.. Test. Knowledge of booby traps and fuses.2. Practical exercise. Locating booby trap TOTAL: 2 GRAND TOTAL FOR THE COURSE: 24 I - 3/3

41 Annex H Chapter I UXO TEAM LEADER COURSE PLAN AND PROGRAMME COURSE PLAN DURATION This curriculum implies the minimum working day of the course, 8 classes. Every course class is to last 45 minutes. Course is a continuation of a basic UXO course. REVIEW OF TIME NECESSARY FOR THE COURSE TO BE HELD Entire course duration according to topics and subjects No of hrs I General II Topics 7. UXO operations 6 2. Recording and reporting Total: 8 COURSE PROGRAMME I GENERAL Ser. SUBJECT/TOPIC LECUTRES NO OF HRS. General part.. Introduction. Introduction to the course, topics and 0,5 introducing personnel leading the course 2. General responsibilities of the managerial staff.2. Grading, analysis and issuing 0,5 diplomas TOTAL: II COURSE TOPICS Ser. SUBJECT / TOPIC LECTURES No of hrs. UXO operations.. Introduction. What UXO encompass 2. International Standards and BH Standard 3. Demining organisation SOP I /2

42 .2. Organisation of the team and safety measures in UXO operation. General on organisation of work 2. UXO team structure 3. Responsibilities of the team members 4. General and specific safety measures 5. Team leader s procedure in case of demining accident or incident.3. Equipment and tools. Contents of equipment and tools for UXO operations 2. Requirements of the Standard related to equipment and tools 3. Usage and maintenance of equipment and tools 4. Usage of marking means (pickets, tape, mine signs, base stick ).4. Content of basic procedures of work in a UXO operation. Receiving information about located UXO 2. Making documentation Combined Report on tasking, survey and UXO removal (hereinafter UXO report) 3. If necessary, surveying location in order to state the type of UXO and the total estimation for successful conduct of UXO operation 4. Notifying the team with all information and individual tasks about the stated UXO operation on the ground 5. Task site layout (particularities) and safety measures 6. Realisation of the operation by the UXO team (destruction of UXO on situ or another designated demolition site) 7. Filling in part 4. of the UXO report.5. Quality Control (QC). Internal quality control of the team leader s work and the person in charge for QA from demining organisation 2. External quality control by MAC inspections, monitoring or other supervision structure 2. Recording and Reporting 2 TOTAL: Combined report on tasking, survey and ED removal. Contents and filling in the form, according to example provided 2. Submission of report on realisation of a UXO task TOTAL: TOTAL: 7 GRAND TOTAL FOR THE COURSE: 8 I 2/2

43 DOG HANDLER COURSE PLAN AND SYLLABUS Annex I Chapter I COURSE PLAN DURATION This plan and syllabus estimates that this course will last 5 working days as a minimum, with 8 working hours per day, every lecture lasting for 45 minutes. Candidates who have already finished basic demining course or if the stated topic is planned along with its course may attend. Plan and syllabus encompass the topics of dog handler training with his dog that has finished basic training in obedience and tracking explosives. Subject matter of this syllabus marked with *, presents necessary topics for re-training (when a trained dog handler must work with another EDD) or additional training for both dog handler or his EDD after a long winter or another pause, when the training must be intensified prior to demining season s start as well as check the EDD team capability within the demining organisation or other specialised organisation for EDD training. PREGLED POTREBNOG VREMENA ZA ODRŽAVANJE KURSA Entire course duration according to topics and subjects No of hrs I General 8 *() II Topics: -Theoretical part 44 *(7). Introduction *() 2. Safety measures 4 *() 3. Equipment 3 4. Health 8 *() 5. Conditional reflex 4 *() 6. Obedience 6 *() 7. Searching 0 *() 8. Professional training 8 *() III Topics:-Practical part 326 *(07). Introduction 2 * () 2. Familiarisation with dogs 20 *(5) 3. Brushing dogs and body inspection 42 *(4) 4. Disinfecting of cage and equipment 22 *(3) 5. Obedience exercises 60 *(4) 6. Training on designated training areas 84 *(80) III Knowledge checkups and grading capabilities 26 *(5) Total: 408 *(20) I-, /6

44 COURSE SYLLABUS I GENERAL PART SER. SUBJECT / TOPICS LECUTRES No of hrs. General part.. Introduction. Administration 2. Introduction to the course and presenting personnel leading the course 3. Importance of using EDD teams in demining 3 4. Organisation of demining community in BH and its structure 5. Responsibilities.2. Familiarisation with the course syllabus.3. Taking and returning equipment.4. Analysis of the course and issuing diplomas 6. Employment conditions etc.. Planned topics according to contents and days 2. Equipping attendees with the course plan and manuals 2 2 TOTAL: 8 *() II COURSE SYLLABUS: - THEORETICAL PART SER. SUBJECT / TOPICS LECTURES No of hrs. Indroduction.. Obligations and responsibilities of dog handler. Obligations and responsibilities during and at completion of the course 2. Familiarisation with syllabus of theoretical training TOTAL: *() 2. Safety measures I- 2/6

45 2.. Safety measures while working with EDD 2.2. Emergency first aid and evacuation 3. Equipment 3.. EDD equipment and its maintenance. Activities within the area for dogs lodgings, while entering and exiting into their accommodation area, when putting them into their boxes, boarding on and off the transport vehicles, transportation, walking EDDs, visiting veterinarian, on site during breaks and rest etc Limitations related to the local conditions (soil, vegetation, temperature, strength of the wind, chemical vapours etc.). Possibility of EDD being injured or killed 2. Evacuation and aiding the dog on a safe area and in the vet station 3. Putting dog away TOTAL: 4 *(). Content of equipment 2. Intention and usage 3. Daily equipment check 4. Reparations 3.2. Sanitary measures. Daily clearing of cages and equipment 2. Weekly disinfecting of kennels, transport cages and equipment 4. Health measures 2 TOTAL: Care for EDD. Procedures of brushing and body inspection (nose, mouth, paws and legs, genital and anal region) 2. First aid with: bleeding, heat wave, shock, fracture, burning, blow, foreign objects in mouth, poisonous substances (medications, explosives etc), snakebites etc. 3. Medical equipment and medications used for healing dogs 4. Procedure of giving medications 5. Feeding and watering (energetic needs for calories, special diets, time of nutrition, need for water) 4.2. Symptoms and measures of control for parasite diseases and infection. Parasite diseases (hook, round, whippy, and other types of worms and maggots, flees, mite) 2. Control of diseases, recognition and prevention 4.3. Infective diseases in dogs. Diseases that might harm dog s health (distemper, hepatitis, letpospirosis, I- 3/6

46 madness and other infective diseases) 2. Prevention and healing of infective diseases TOTAL: 8 *() 5. Conditional Reflex 5.. Basic needs of dogs. What does conditional reflex encompass and how it is estimated based on its grade? Based on the acting estimation, what is the logical planned action for correction in dog s behaviour? 2. Basic needs (oxygen, water, food, hunting hunch, social needs) 5.2. Sensor system. Contents of sensor system (a difference 2 notified just yet: sight, hearing, sniffing, pressure, position, taste, balance, vibrations, inside receptors) Endangering basic feelings. Factors which endanger basic feelings TOTAL: 4 *() 6. Obedience 6.. Methods for extracting responses. Significance of method 2. Definition of final response 3. Methods of successful shaping 4. Conditioning techniques 5. Start of training with dog 6. Time factor of positive / negative enforcement of training 7. Training techniques: exercises of avoiding negative responses by using pressure, awarding training 8. Significance of award 6.2. Obedience commands. What are the commands and when do we use them 2. Basic obedience 3. Medium obedience 7. Searching 7.. Training means. Types of means we use 2. Size of means 3. Number of means 7.2. Searching areas. Searching areas: open areas, areas with objects, roads, railroads, power lines etc. 2. Search of areas with or without previous mechanical preparation 7.3. Searching methods. Start of search 2. Search with or without a leash 3. Search with short or long leash 4. Straight-line box search with or without 4 2 TOTAL: 6 *() I- 4/6

47 8. Professional training 8.. Professional training requirements tapes 5. Free running search (zig - zag) or by division of box into smaller areas 6. Straight line search of a forming working lane TOTAL: 0 *(). Training areas 2. Number of hidden targets for training 3. Specific locations 4. Types of mines / UXO used 5. Part of day when exercises are done 6. Period in time for setting targets 7. Variety in setting targets (height and depth) 8. Follow up of the progress etc Positive EDD reaction. Behaving changes 2. Right safe reaction 3. Confirmation of reaction 4. Validity testing TOTAL: 8 *() GRAND TOTAL: 44 *(6) 6 2 III SYLLABUS PRACTICAL PART Introduction. Aim 2. Contents of practical part 3. Connection with theoretical part 2 Familiarisation with the dog. Making contact 2. Walking without commands 3. Brushing dogs and inspection of dog s body 4. Disinfecting the cage and equipment 3. Walking with using parts of commands. Practical presentation of brushing and body inspection 2. Daily practical presentation of brushing and body inspection 3. Analysis and removal of spotted mistakes. Practical demonstration of cage and equipment disinfecting 2. Weekly practical conduct of cage and equipment disinfecting 3. Analysis and removal of spotted mistakes 5. Obedience exercises. Practising obedience in site 2. Practising obedience through walks 3. Practising obedience through searches 4. Analysis and removal of spotted mistakes 6. Training on designated training areas. Training in search from easier towards more complex method 2 *() 20 *(5) 42 *(4) 22 *(3) 60 *(4) 84 *(80) I- 5/6

48 2. Training on areas similar to real local conditions 3. Trainings in search of areas by methods of EDD search incorporated in SOP 4. Training of emergency medical aid and evacuation 5. Records on searches 6. Analysis of training and removal of spotted mistakes TOTAL: 326 *(07) IV ESTIMATION OF KNOWLEDGE AND GRADING. Written and practical tests.. Test and analysis According to syllabus of theoretical part 2.2. First practical exercise Capability of EDD in obedience and further 8 analysis.3. Second practical exercise Capabilities of EDD in obedience search, 8 indicating targets and further analysis..4. Third final check Capability of EDD team on an assigned test 8 *(5) area and analysis TOTAL: 26 *(5) GRAND TOTAL FOR THE COURSE: 408 *(20) I- 6/6

49 SURVEYORS COURSE PLAN AND SYLLABUS Annex J Chapter I COURSE PLAN DURATION It is estimated that this course plan and syllabus will last 6 working days as a minimum, 8 hours per day, every lecture duration 45 minutes. This course may be attended by candidates who already passed basic humanitarian demining course and who have adequate experience in demining. REVIEW OF TIME NEEDED FOR THE COURSE TO BE HELD Entire course duration according to topics and subjects No of hrs I General 2 II Topics 42. Survey Knowledge of mines and UXO 3 3. Communications 4. Medical training III Estimation of knowledge and grading 4 Total: 48 COURSE SYLLABUS I GENERAL PART SER. SUBJECT / TOPIC LECTURES No of hrs. General Part.. Introduction. Introduction to the course, topics and presenting personnel leading the course 2. Organisation of demining community in BH and its structure 3. General responsibilities of the managerial staff.2. Analysis of the course and issuing diplomas TOTAL: 2 II COURSE TOPICS SER. SUBJECT / TOPIC LECUTRES No o hrs. Survey.. Introduction. General on Survey 2. Division I- /3

50 .2. General Survey. Aim 2. Team and responsibilities 3. Working equipment 4. Survey report and project documentation.3. Technical survey. Aim 2. Team and equipment 3. Methods of work and declarations of areas 4. Survey report.4. Completion / Final Survey. Aim 2. Who conducts it and what is to be.5. Types and means for marking during survey documented. Division of marking 2. Marking pickets 3. Mine tape 4. Mine marking signs 5. Datum point marker 6. Signs for turning point metal poles (or regular nails).6. General Survey Procedure. Task (issuing, reviewing and estimation for realisation) 2. Gathering information according to criteria contents 3. Reliability of information and checking possible sources 4. Urgent marking of accesses to stated mined areas 5. Making sketches with classification of surveyed areas and setting grid references 6. Production of project documentation for the task 7. Technical opinion about area without obvious risk.7. GPS. Description, main parts and usage 2. Setting grid references for points on the ground 3. Maintenance.8. Compass. Compass description and usage 2. Setting datum point, bearing and distance using compass.9. Topographic map. Definition, name, sign (map sheet number) scale (topographic maps, cadastral plans maps and sketches) 2. Topographic signs and signs of mine contamination 3. Map orientation and setting the datum point.0. Practical exercising:. Usage of GPS. Preparation for work 2. Practical work on setting the grid I- 2/3

51 .. Practical exercise:. General survey team working on general survey 2. Knowledge of mines and UXO references on the ground. Studying assigned GS task 8 2. Studying existing BH MAC database documentation 3. Going on the ground, checking the existing and gathering new information 4. Urgent marking of accesses towards stated mined areas 5. Production of project documentation for further mine action TOTAL: AP and AT mines. Types and intention of mines 2. Characteristics of mines 3. Fuses 2.2. Booby traps. Intention 2. Most common methods of setting 2.3. Unexploded ordnance (UXO). Types of UXO 2. Basic characteristics for recognition 3. Communication TOTAL: Organisation of communication. Types of communication 2. Organisation of communication in survey TOTAL: 4. Medical training 4.. Injuries and procedures of providing emergency medical aid. Types of injuries 2. Procedure with hearth and breathing disorders 3. Procedures for stopping bleedings 4. Procedures for immobilisation of bone fractures 5. Procedures with a heath wave 6. Procedure with a snake bite 7. Particularities of providing medical aid in a minefield TOTAL: GRAND TOTAL: 35 III ESTIMATION OF KNOWLEDGE AND GRADING. Written and practical test.. Knowledge test Depending on course topics 3.2. Analysis of test TOTAL: 4 GRAND TOTAL FOR THE COURSE: 48 I- 3/3

52 Annex K Chapter I PLAN AND SYLLABUS FOR THE MECHANICAL PREPARATION MACHINE OPERATOR PLAN COURSE DURATION It is estimated with this plan and syllabus that the course should last at least 3 working days, with 8 lecture hours per day. Each lecture will last for 45 minutes. The candidates who already passed the basic humanitarian demining course and having driving license of minimum B category, with adequate demining experience, will attend this course. REVIEW OF TIME NEEDED FOR THE COURSE TO BE HELD Entire course duration according to topics and subjects No of hrs I General part II Topics 22. Mechanical preparation of areas for demining 8 2. Knowledge of mines and UXO 2 3. Communications 4. Medical training III Estimation of knowledge and grading Total: 24 COURSE SYLLABUS I GENERAL PART SER. SUBJECT / TOPIC LECTURES No of hrs. General part.. Introduction. Introduction to the course and presentation of personnel conducting the course 2. General responsibilities of managerial staff 3. Analysis of course and issuing diplomas TOTAL: II COURSE SUBJECT MATTER SER. SUBJECT / TOPICS LECTURES No of hrs. Mechanical preparation of areas.. Introduction. General on mechanical preparation of I- /3

53 areas for demining 2. Types of machines and basic division 3. Usage.2. Mechanical preparation machines. Characteristics of a particular machine used for training 2. Basic parts and intention 3. Work of particular parts of machine 4. Checkups and maintenance.3. Work with the machine. Task site layout 2. Safety measures 3. Limitations of a machine s use 4. Work according to SOP stated procedures 5. Procedure in case of stopping or a breakdown 6. Procedure in case of fire on a machine 7. Procedure in case of an accident.4. Reporting. Daily report on mechanical preparation of an area (contents, record of explosions and visual tracking of.0. Practical exercise: Work with a machine on mechanical preparation of the ground for demining 2. Knowledge of mines and UXO surface thrown mines or their parts). Preparations for work 2. Practical work on the ground (maintenance of overlap, depth of ground disturbance etc.) 3. Daily checkups of the machine (before, during and after its use) 4. Extrication with the machine etc. 2.. AP and AT mines, booby traps. Types and intention 2. Characteristics 3. Fuses 2.2. Unexploded ordnance. Types of UXO 2. Basic characteristics for recognition 3. Communication TOTAL: 8 TOTAL: Organisation of communication. Types of communication 2. Organisation of communication in mechanical preparation 3. Working with VHF devices TOTAL: 4. Medical training I- 2/3

54 4.. Injuries and procedures or providing emergency first aid. Types of injuries 2. Procedures with heart and breathing disorder 3. Procedure for stopping bleedings 4. Procedures for immobilisation of bone fractures 5. Procedures with a heat wave 6. Procedure with a snake bite 7. Particularities of providing medical aid in a minefield TOTAL: GRAND TOTAL: 22 III ESTIMATION OF KNOWLEDGE AND GRADING. Practical exercise.. Work on a machine Knowing, handling, working procedure and maintenance TOTAL: GRAND TOTAL FOR THE COURSE: 24 I- 3/3

55 Chapter II INTRODUCTION MARKING: MINED AREAS AND TASK SITES. Marking of suspect and mined areas is required to create a visual demarcation between safe and suspect or mined areas, warning of the presence of mines. Mine marking is to involve mine signs at points of access and where possible the construction of physical barriers to warn and prevent people and livestock from entering suspect or mined area. AIM 2. The aim of this standard is to define the minimum requirements for task site and mined area marking. SCOPE 3. This document addresses the requirements for marking the hazardous areas during survey, EOD and mine clearance operations. It closely corresponds with Chapters Manual Operations, Survey and Cleared Area Handover. Mine marking and fencing are required: a. To control entry to a suspect area thought or known to contain mines, b. To demarcate the boundary of a mined area, c. To mark the extent and progress of a clearance operation; and d. To mark the boundaries of an area that has been cleared. TYPES OF MARKING 4. Marking systems are used for the following reasons: mined area marking as a warning to population, task site marking for the technical personnel using the area throughout the demining operations, cleared area marking for the final users, as well we for the possible necessity of reestablishing the parameters of areas cleared. A) MINED AREAS MARKING 5. Following marking systems are used depending on the emergency and the planned duration of the marking systems: a. Emergency marking. This type of marking suspect or mined areas is to provide immediate visual warning that areas are suspected to be or are mine contaminated. This warning must be clearly recognisable from a distance of at least fifty (50) metres and be positioned across points of access of lines of approach to a suspect area. General survey teams, MAW and other personnel conduct it. Emergency marking of suspect areas is conducted with local material (such as crossed sticks, piles of stones) and standard mine marks should be used for suspect area marking. This type of marking should withstand up to six months without maintenance. The location of all types of emergency marking must be reported to the nearest Regional BH MAC office to facilitate additional survey and marking. b) Semi permanent marking is somewhat lasting visual barrier that is positioned to a clearly distinguishing perimeter enclosing the safe and the suspect/mined area. This type of marking should withstand, without maintenance, all weather conditions up to one year. II - /3

56 Depending on estimation, boundary of suspect or mine area will be marked with permanent mine signs only and/or with standard semi permanent mine fence. If standard mine signs are used for semi permanent marking, in areas where the population movement is rare, than those present permanent visual marking and are obligatory set on access roads, while on the other parts the distance between them is to be maximum 50 metres, so that one sign is visible from the place where another is placed. Depending on estimation, semi permanent marking may be combined with permanent mine signs and marking with the semi permanent mine fence. Mine signs are shown in Annex A while semi permanent marking of minefields in Annex B. c) Permanent marking / Fencing This type of marking of mined or suspect areas is done where there is frequent movement of people and livestock, while demining operations will not start immediately. Permanent marking must be visual, and if estimated, physical barrier for the movement of people and livestock. This type of marking/fencing should withstand all weather conditions from one to five years. Permanent marking as a visual barrier may encompass visual marking of access to suspect or mined areas, using mine signs only at maximum distance of 50 metres, i.e. that one sign is visible from another one s position. Where it is estimated that movement of population and livestock is frequent, permanent marking is to be done as shown in Annex B. Depending on estimation, permanent marking can be combined with permanent mine signs and fencing using permanent minefield fence. B) TASK SITE MARKING d) Marking operational sites This marking system is used for marking safe areas, cleared areas and uncleared areas on a site where demining is being carried out. Stakes, mine tape, rope, mine signs and base sticks are to be used for this marking system. Task site marking shown at Annex C. C) CLEARED AREAS MARKING e) After demining operations are over, cleared area is to be marked in accordance to Chapter VIII, Annex D. 6. For minefield marking, pickets, mine signs, mine tape rope or wire (Annex B) will be used, while for additional marking on operational site a base stick will be used as well. When purchasing items for marking, take into account that marking items should withstand weather conditions needed and that they are of no commercial value. Through mine awareness programme inform local population about the significance of mine marking and about possible hazards of its removal. COORDINATION 7. Survey and marking teams conduct their activities in accordance to set of state regulations and their own BH MAC approved SOP. For the safety of mine marking and its reconstruction and maintenance, each and every marking of a mined area must be done within the perimeters of safe or cleared area. 8. After mine marking is done, the organisation shall inform the authority representatives of the area (CP representative of the area) and handover the marking done for maintenance. Make record with the sketch attached about the marking done where details will be contained about marking and obligation to maintain it until the mine threat is removed by the demining operations of clearance or technical survey. The copy of this record is submitted to the BH MAC archives. II - 2/3

57 ANNEXES: Annex A: Mine signs Annex B: Semi permanent and permanent marking of the minefield Annex C: Marking operational site II - 3/3

58 B H S T A N D A R D MINE SIGNS Annex A Chapter II. There are two basic mine sign shapes and those are the square one and the triangular one. This is for simplicity and they do not conform to most background shape and are also suitable for nailing to a post or hanging on a fence. Adopted shape and design of a mine sign in Bosnia and Herzegovina is as follows: a. Size: Minimum size of a square mine warning sign is to be 25x25 cm x 2 mm thick, and the triangular type should be at least 28 wide along the top edge and 20 cms on the two sides. The minimum size of mine signs ensures that it is clearly visible at a distance of at least 50 metres. b. Symbols. The skull and cross-bones symbol is an internationally recognized symbol for warning of danger. It visually depicts death or serious injury and has to be on all the mine signs. c. Colour. The background colour of the front of the sign must be red with the scull and the crossbones symbols and any words in white. The reverse side of the sign is to be white. The red side is to be visible from the outside the minefield (from the safe area), while the white side is visible from inside the minefield. 2. Languages. Danger / Mines are the only two words to be used on mine signs and should be printed in the two scripts that are in use in Bosnia and Herzegovina and in English. The word MINES is to be in bold lettering, so as to be easily identified at a distance of at least 25 metres. The lettering are to be white, to contrast with the red background/ 3. Materials. As a minimum requirement, all signs should be able to withstand the local environment and weather conditions without deterioration for a period of at least a year. Recommended marking for 5 years or be a part of a maintainance programme. 25 cm 28 cm M I N E M I N E MINE MINE M I N E M I N E M I N E 25 cm 20 cm M I N E II /5

59 B H S T A N D A R D Annex B Chapter II SEMI-PERMANENT AND PERMANENT MINEFILED MARKING. Standard minefield fence is to be made of,5m high stakes painted in alternating red and white. Stakes are to be fastened with a mine tape, cord or a wire at the height of 0.25 cms and.25 cms from the surface of the ground. Mine signs are to be put at the height of.25cms. This fence is meant to be used for both semi-permanent and permanent minefield marking. a. Semi-permanent marking. Wooden or plastic stakes are posted at a miximum distance of 8 metres from each other. The are to be fastened with plastic mine tape, rope or barbed wire. Mine signs are to be used nailed or tied to stakes. Mine signs are to be at a maximum 6 metres distance from each other. This marking system is easily visible and sufficient as a warning for people that there is a mine hazard. b. Permanent marking. Metal or concrete stakes are left in the ground at maximum distance of 5m from each other. They are to be fastened with barbed wire with mine signs on. This marking system is both a physical and visual barrier to the movement of humans and livestock. The sketch of a minefield fence is shown on the picture bellow. max. 5 m max. 5 m,5 m m 0.25 m Ground level Permanent marking detail with a standard minefield fence II 2/5

60 BH STANDARD Annex C Chapter II MARKING OPERATIONAL SITES The following are used in this marking system:. Marking pickets/posts/stakes. Boundaries between all designated areas, lanes and reference points at a mine clearance site will be marked with wooden pickets/posts/stakes. Pickets used in this marking system are short ones of minimum 0.5m height and tall ones of minimum.2.5m height from the ground level. The top 0 cm of the pickets are to be painted depending on their use: a. Red Tipped. Clearly identify a boundary between cleared and uncleared areas.. Short pickets of minimum 0.5 height from the ground level are to be used for marking the working lanes. They are to be set at a maximum distance of 2 metres from each other, fastened with a mine tape at the ground level. These pickets are also intended to be used crossed when closing the entrance to a working lane where a mine or UXO is found. Their use is also in identifying the final point of unfinished working lanes. 2. Tall pickets. Starting from control area, tall pickets of.2.5m are to be used for marking the access lane while the same marking system continues in marking the safe lane and sides of the cleared area. They are to be set at a maximum distance of 6 metres from each other. Tall pickets are to be fastened to each other with a mine tape at a height under the red top. In areas with strong winds blowing, tape can be fastened at the ground level. These pickets are used as well for marking the access lane to the daily explosives storage. Explosive storage itself is to marked with these pickets. A 00 metres long access lane is marked with tall red tipped pickets since the PPE is an obligation from 00 metres of the minefield. b. White Tipped Indicate all other task site boundaries: () Short 0.5m pickets are used for final marking of the cleared area, including all the turning points at every 50 metres in direction. These pickets can also be used for marking the turning points of the sampled cleared area during internal or external quality control. They are to be removed when the task is completed. (2) Tall.2.5 m pickets are used for marking the administrative area, providing it does not border with the suspect area. They are to be placed at a maximum distance of 6 metres from each other, tape fastened under the white painted top. In areas with strong winds blowing, tape can be fastened at the ground level. c. Yellow tipped. Short 0.5 m pickets above the ground level, indicate the location of destroyed mines or UXOs. These pickets can be used as an aid for drawing the type and location of mines found into the final sketch (level 3). Remark: When an area to be marked is in rocky area, stones are used. They are to be painted depending on their use while the mine tape is to be attached under them. 2. Mine tape. Mine tape is used for fastening to the pickets that indicate particular areas of the site. 3. Mine signs. While marking the operational task site, mine signs are to be put on all sides of minefield, at a maximum distance of 50m from each other. 4. Clearance/working lanes Both sides of a lane are to be marked with base stick and a tape laid on ground level and attached to 0.5m stakes. The stakes are to be at a maximum 2 metres distance from each other. At the end of a working day, final point of the working lane cleared is to be closed II-3/5

61 BH STANDARD with the mine tape instead of base stick. 5. Mines. When a mine is located, it is to be marked by placing a mine / UXO marker in/or on the ground, 5cm before it, in the cleared area. 6. Base stick. Base stick is used during clearance procedure identifying the ultimate border between the cleared and uncleared area in the clearance lane. It is a square shaped minimum.2 m long, maximum diameter width of 2.5 cm.; m long middle is painted red with 0 cm on each side painted white. Red part is identifying the total width of clearance lane while the white tipped ends identify the overlap cleared along with clearing the lane. -Marking stakes.2.5m 0.5m -Base stick m.2m II-4/5

62 BH STANDARD -Marker for locating the mine / UXO found MINE 50 cm II-5/5

63 Chapter III TASK SITE LAYOUT AND MANUAL OPERATIONS INTRODUCTION. Methods and techniques outlined in manual humanitarian demining operations are designed to ensure quality of the area cleared, safety of personnel and equipment, effectiveness and flexibility in all types of terrain in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Geography of the terrain along with the principles of humanitarian demining will dictate the task site organisation as well as manual demining operations. AIM 2. The aim is to set procedures for task site humanitarian manual clearance operations, for the searching, locating and destroying mines / UXO. The procedures conveyed are to comply with the required of the cleared area set by BH Standard and to gain the trust from the final user of area cleared. SCOPE 3. Task site organisation and manual operations are tightly connected through the whole of humanitarian demining activities. Methods and techniques outlined in this Standard are designed to increase effectiveness, flexibility, safety of personnel and equipment as well as the requested quality of the area cleared. All the procedures and experiences gained from practice that are used in working lanes must be thoroughly described within Standing Operational Procedures document (SOP). 4. Demining organisations are to detail in their SOP planned team structure for the site, in accordance with the demining activities (a platoon / a section for technical survey, manual clearance, mechanical preparation of the ground, use of EDD teams, house clearance, and removal of explosive ordnance. According to this structure, individual responsibilities of the personnel from the planned structure is to be detailed (site manager, team leader, deminer, surveyor, medical orderly, dog handler etc.). TASK SITE ORGANISATION 5. The standardisation of all task site layouts and organisation in accordance to SOPs is paramount to safe operations. As a minimum, each of the sites must have the following: properly marked designated areas, lanes, points and lines within each site, which will provide a clear boundary between cleared and uncleared areas as well as set limits to the safe movement of the team personnel. REMARK: All areas in a demining task-site are to be located on safe or previously cleared area. 6. Task site designated areas: a) Control Point. A point from which a site manager can control operations, do administration and receive visitors. b) Vehicle Park. An area large enough to accommodate the mine clearance organisation s and visitor s vehicles. III - /5

64 c) Stores and equipment area. An area where all the team s equipment is stored. A metal free area for detector testing is to be selected within this area or close to it and marked properly. d) Medical Area. A properly equipped area occupied by a medical orderly with a designated vehicle. e) Rest Area. An area used by deminers during their breaks for resting and meals. There is to be sufficient space on the area for preparation of equipment, painting stakes etc.). f) Latrine. Latrines are to be located in the vicinity of rest areas. g) EDD team test area. An area where an organisation using EDD teams conducts daily EDD check. All the above mentioned designated areas should not be closer than 00 m from the minefield. In case of a natural or artificial shelter, his distance can be shortened, but it can never be less than 50 metres. h) Access lane. All access lanes (routes) must be marked and be a minimum of two metres wide. i) Explosive Storage Area. A designated area for daily storage of explosives. It will be a minimum of 25 metres away from any other area. j) Detector testing area. A metal free area of minimum x metre, located within safe areas. k) Metal Collecting Pit. An area of minimum x metres, 30cms deep. Located in the safe / cleared areas. All metal removed from working lanes is to be placed within these. l) Demolition Area. Any location within a working lane where UXO or mine was found, or other designated demolition area. m) Sentry Points. Will be sited on route towards the danger area throughout the clearance operation. 7. Defined task-site references: a. Datum Point. A clearly identifiable fixed marker on the start line from which all task sites measurements are taken. b. Datum Line. A fixed line runs through the datum point. This is the dividing line between the uncleared area and clear area. c. Safe lane. Safe or cleared lane, minimum of 2 metres in width. The lane from which mine / UXO clearance begins. d. Start line. Line that overlaps with the datum point at the moment clearance begins. e. Start Point. The spot on the start line where every deminer starts work in his clearance lane. f. Intermediate Line. A line forward of the start line where working lanes finish and new clearance lanes begin. g. Working lane. A lane where a deminer is working. h. Landmark. A permanent fixed feature outside a mined area that is recognisable on a map. All measurements to the Datum point are made from this landmark. REMARK: Typical examples of task site layouts are shown in Annexes A and B. III - 2/5

65 MANUAL OPERATIONS CLAEARANCE PROCEDURES 8. Basic Manual Demining Procedure. Procedures of work in a working lane will be dictated by the vegetation, type of soil, metal contamination, type of mines and else. This is the recommended sequence of basic manual demining procedures for clearing the mined area: a) Tripwire feeler (antenna) procedure for searching tripwires. If the vegetation permits, this procedure is conducted with a deminer starting from crouched or kneeling position, moving the tripwire along the ground, forward of the base stick and raised slowly above vegetation. This is repeated three times, to the left, center and right zones of the lane. As a tripwire feeler a straight steel wire is to be used, of 3-4 mm in diameter, with operational part from 0.6 to 0.8 m. Front part of the feeler is to be slightly bended upwards while the back part must have a loop handle. b) Tripwire procedure using visual and touch check. The search is done using the eyes and hands forward of the base stick in order to make sure there are no tripwires, surface laid mines, pressure mines, protruding fuses or other suspicious objects. This procedure is to be forwarded up to 50cms even if the area was check with a tripwire feeler. c) Clearance of vegetation. If needed, clearance of vegetation is done using small dimension horisontal cutting tools. All vegetation is to be cut to 5 centimetres or less, along the width of the base stick and up to 50 centimetres forward of it. Vegetation cut is laid in the cleared lane or behind a deminer. Daily cut vegetation and garbage is collected into humps for daily check of the cleared area, further removal and burning. d) Metal detector check procedure. Minimum two passes are to me made over the area forward of the base stick, with 0.m/s speed. Each pass is to overlap and extend 0 centimetres width outside the working lane. Detector is checked when the works commence and after a detector is turned off. The sensitivity of the detector is to be checked every ten minutes. If there is no signal given by detector, forward procedure starting from a). e) Prodding procedure for identification the detector signal. If the metal detector gives an indication, the location is to be marked. Prodding is to commence 0 cenimetres to the rear of indication signal point and to a width of 20 to 30 centimetres (depending on the strength of the signal). The prodder, at an angle of 30 degrees, is then evenly inserted into the ground at intervals of 2.5 centimetres and to a depth of 0 centimetres from the ground level. In conditions where the soil is metal contaminated or rich with minerals, which prevents the use of detector, this procedure will be necessary along the width of the base stick, including the overlap (both sides in the first working lane, in others to the side of progressing) f) Excavation of located object. After location and the size of mine or other object are established by the prodder, a small spade is used for excavation. The initial excavation is made 0 from the located spot, without any vertical pressure downwards, to minimum 0 cm into depth. If the located object at the depth of 0 cm is not a mine or UXO, we conduct excavation to minimum 20 cm. For objects buried deeper, the depth of excavation is set by the supervisor, depending on the intentional use of ground and requirements of the contract. Metal detector signal check can be conducted right away, by using the spade and excavation procedure, without previous prodder check. III - 3/5

66 g) Location of mine / UXO or tripwire. Deminer is to stop clearance in his lane upon locating a mine, UXO or a tripwire. He notifies his supervisor and places mine marker 5 cm to the rear of located object. The lane is closed and a new one is opened for work. h) All metal contents found in the working lane are to be put into metal collecting pit. Larger quantities of metal found on a task can be collected and marked on one or more places in previously cleared part of the task site. 9. The supervisor is responsible for all the further actions upon locating a mine?uxo/tripwire. He is in charge of the following procedure: a) All mines /UXO are in principle to be destroyed in situ. Destruction of located mines and UXO is carried out at the end of each working day or at a prearranged time, unless a specific safety hazard threatens safety of people and property. b) If destruction in situ is not conducted, the object will be remotely pulled from a safe location prior to any other actions being taken. The pulling rope must be rollod out prior to attaching to the object, while the remote pulling place must be at minimum 50 metres distance from the object pulled. All personnel not involved in remote pulling procedrue must be retired to the safe distance. Every mine / UXO must be remotelly pulled at least to its length and size. A minimum minute wait-time is to be allowed before approaching the pulled object. The original position of located mine / UXO must be checked with metal detector for possible presence of other mines/uxo or anti-lift devices. c) After pulling and in order to move the object to another demolition site, a render safe procedure must be conducted, as well as disarning, if necessary. Mines cannot be stored or transported during night for demolition at another designated area, but the whole procedrue must be completed during daylight. d) On locating a tripwire, demining will be done to locate both ends of the tripwire. Clearance is to stop if the area cleared is in the minimum safety distance for fragmentation mines, and it will not commence until both ends are carefully inspected and mine is safely removed. Two procedures can be used for locating the tripwire ends: () A one metre wide lane is cleared parallel to the tripwire, no closer than 0.5 m to the wire, in order to locate both ends of it. At no circumstances should a tripwire be pulled. (2) Mine marker is used for closure the lane where the tripwire is found, while the new lane is to commence adjacent to the closed one. This procedure continues until both ends of tripwire are located. 0. Burning Uncleared Areas. Uncleared areas may be burnt prior to mine clearance, at the discretion of the supervisor and in coordination with the local authorities. Minimum wait time of five days is to elapse between burning and starting manual clearance procedures on it.. Deployment of deminers on a task site. a) A section (team, section) is the lowest organizational unit capable for independent manual demining operations. A machine or two to four EDD teams may be added as a support. Maximum eight deminers cam be engaged within a section, as two-men-teams, individuals or combined. The section manager is managing the section (team). If there are three or more sections on the site, than the site will be managed by the site manager (platoon leader, group leader). b) Two-men-team is a clearance team consisting of two deminers in a working lane. Twomen-team s work may be organized in two ways: () One deminer works in the working lane, while the other is supporting him and follows his work from the minimum distance of 25 metres, wearing minimum prescribed protective equipment. Maxim 30 minutes after, a deminers switch is done in the lane. III - 4/5

67 (2) One deminer is working in the lane while the other rests in the rest area at minimum safety distance of 00 metres. In such cases, supervision and support for the deminer in the lane is done by the section/team leader or his depute. c) One deminer works in a working lane. Team leader or his depute is to support and supervise his work. The deminer is allowed up to 0 minutes of rest after maximum 30 minutes of work. d) Deminer in the working lane must be supervised and supported by the person to whom it is a sole task during demining: it can be a deminer from two-men-team, team leader or his depute. Team leader (or his depute) may, depending on conditions on site (visibility of the terrain, vegetation, decreased mine threat because of previous mechanical preparation with soil disturbance etc.) supervise and support all deminers in the section who are engaged working in separate working lanes. e) Working lane in which a deminer is working using manual methods is not to exceed 25 metres in length. As demining is progressing in the first lane, red-tipped pickets are placed at maximum 2 metre distance; mine tapes are put around them from both sides of the lane. Pickets are attached to each other by mine tape at the ground level. When commencing other, forwarding lanes, e.g. clearance is proceeding to the right; only the right side of the lane is marked by pickets attached to each other by the tape. On finishing clearance of the second and forthcoming lanes, pickets and mine tape on the left side are taken off and cleared area is gained. Mine tape is used instead of the base stick at the end of the lane. 2. Removal of explosive devices buried deeper in relation to standard requirement for excavation (point 8.f.) shall be done in accordance with following requirements: a) Depth of demining and removal of explosive device is counted from the zero level of the ground in the moment of demining and must be achieved by the organization. b) Zero level of the ground in the moment of demining may differ to the zero level in the moment of mining due to floods, movements of ground and soil, covering trenches or parts of the areas etc. Explosive devices can be intentionally placed deeper in the ground, thus such will not be encompassed by Standard requirement for depth of excavation since tools, equipment and procedures for humanitarian demining are not intended for such. c) Removal of explosive devices not encompassed within the Standard requirement of depth from the zero level of the ground in the moment of demining will be estimated and required by BH MAC in the Red Folder, based on intentional use of ground and need for absolute removal of explosive devices. d) The demining contractor is to accept the removal of explosive devices buried deeper than Standard required detph for excavation on the request of BH MAC, based on GS information, or additional request during the demining process. e) Removal of deeply buried explosive devices is to be conducted according to specific and safe procedure for each particular case, which will depend on the type of explosive device and intention for its setting, way of its activation, depth of its location and else. REMARK: Zero level of the ground in the moment of demining does not include garbage, debris or other kind of garbage thrown or in other way placed on the area after it has been mined. ANNEXES: Annex A: Task site layout Typical example plan view Annex B: Organisation of the site Typical example of the task site working part (oblique view) III - 5/5

68 B H S T A N D A R D -The plan of typical demining task site layout Annex A Chapter III Working area of a demining section Middle line Up to 6m Location of mine/uxo found Max. 25m CLEARANCE LANE MINED AREA CLEARED AREA 25m MINIMUM Up to 2m Datum line Starting point SAFE LANE MINIMUM 2m WIDE Start line DATUM POINT ACCESS LANE 2 METRES WIDE 50m minimum Up to 6 m 00m minimum EXPLOSIVES STORAGE REFERENCE POINT UP TO 6 m METAL COLLECTING PIT WC EQUIPMENT STORAGE AND DETECTOR TESTING AREA MEDICAL AREA Legend: H REST AREA AND CONTROL POINT PARKING LOT - Red tipped stake - White tipped stake - Yellow tipped stake - Mined area ACCES LANE MINIMUM. 2m III-/2

69 B H S T A N D A R D - Oblique view of a typical demining task site layout Annex B Chapter III 6m max. 6m DATUM POINT LOCATION OF A MINE FOUND AND DESTROYED SAFE LANE MINIMUM 2 M. WIDE ACCES LANE MIN. 2 METRES WIDE.2-.5m high ZERO LINE CLEARED AREA max. 2m Base stick WORKING LANE METRE 0.5m high Mine marking sign Mine tape MINED AREA III-2/2

70 Chapter IV DEMOLITION OF MINES AND UXOs INTRODUCTION. All mines and UXOs will be destroyed in situ, provided task circumstances enable it. Demotions on site will be conducted at the end of each day, or at a prescribed time daily. This will avoid disruption of mine clearance activities and will establish a routine giving confidence to local residence. AIM 2. The aim is to detail BH MAC minimum requirements for safe and efficient conduct of procedures for mines and UXO demolitions. All the regulations set for transport and storage of explosives must be complied to. SCOPE 3. Section leader conducts a demolition of mines or UXOs in situ, unless the circumstances dictate removal. Removal is done towards a previously designated demolition area, and conducted daily or at a prescribed time. Removal and demolition of mines and UXOs to the designated demolition site is conducted during daylight, which means that an organisation is not to store mines and UXOs. Section leaders must have their authorised qualifications for demolitions. ON BH MAC approval, mines and UXO, which are defused, can be used for the EDD training, by those organisations possessing EDDs only or by centres for EDD training. 4. As a material that is subject to control, explosives in Bosnia and Herzegovina can be purchased, transported and used with a written approval of relevant authorities. Storage and transport of explosives are subject to the set of Bosnia and Herzegovina Regulations. BHMAC, as well as authorised police bodies, are authorised to carry out inspections of explosives storage sites and transportation details within humanitarian demining / EOD organisations. COORDINATION 5. All demolition tasks will be coordinated by organisation s operational centre that conducts demining. Local military units, police stations, authorities and local population must be notified about demolition tasks. Site supervisor is responsible for coordination and control issues related to demolition in situ. Demolitions are conducted in the following sequence: a) Identify the target. Only a minimum amount of soil is to be removed to identify the type of explosive ordnance (target) and create access for placing the charge for demolition. b) Prepare the demolition charge. All explosive charges used for the destruction in situ are to be calculated to be sufficient quantity to ensure destruction. The type, age and origin of explosives used for producing a mine / UXO will dictate the size of charge. c) Estimate and eventually direct the fragmentation. Sandbags are to be used in order to control mine/uxo fragmentation. d) Establish sentries at the entry points to the danger area where demolitions are conducted and warn the local population that demolitions are about to occur. Define warning and stand-down instructions for sentries. IV - /3

71 e) How to place a charge The demolition explosive charge is to be places as close as possible to the mine/uxo without moving it, in a way which will direct the detonation (fragmentation) into the ground or into the desired direction. f) Warn sentries and ensure that personnel on site are at the safe distance, if possible in shelters, before demolitions start. g) Activate demolition charge, provided all the necessary measures and required levels of safety are applied. h) Remain in shelter after detonation, until the products of explosion stop falling down. i) Check demolition site. j) Remove sentries. REMARK: () Explosives to be used for demolition charges must be under control of an appointed person. There must be update documentation on the explosives. (2) Minimum number of persons, appointed by the supervisor, will be deployed in demolition process. (3) After demolition is conducted, supervisor or appointed person approaches the target and checks if all charges have detonated correctly. He notifies the personnel that the process in competed. (4) Detailed demolition activity must be available and stipulated in organisations SOP. METHODS FOR MAKING DEMOLITION CHARGES 6. Following methods / means are used for demolitions: a. Explosives. Due to their enormous power, high explosives are to be used for a demolition of mines and UXOs. b. Detonators. Detonators are based on initial explosive charge that is very sensitive to mild impact of a flame. Detonators are to be treated with care and always stored and transported separately from explosives. Both non-electric and electric detonators can be used for mine and UXO destruction. c. Safety fuse (SF) comprises of dense black powder, which is highly hygroscope and has to be protected from rain and damp. When safety fuse is to be used, the first 30-cm is to be cut and discarded from each real and the second 30cm tested for the correct burning time (this varies due to the type and country of origin). After that, minimum one metre length or more is to be used in order to enable the person who is firing the fuse to be able to walk towards a shelter / safe area. The last 30 cm of any reel must be discarded. d. Detonating fuse (DF) comprised of flegmatised pentrite. It is used for initiating one or multiple demolition charges. e. Machine for initiating electric detonators produces currency impulse enough for their activation. f. Electric firing cable is two-strand cable with a resistance of 8-0 ohms. It must be a minimum of 50 metres in length. It will be always tested for continuity before use. g. Crimping pliers are to be used for crimping the safety fuse to the blasting capsule. IV - 2/3

72 INITIATION OF DEMOLITION 7. There are two basic ways for destroying mines / UXOs. a. Electrical initiation will be primarily used method since the control of firing line is very precise. This type of initiation is not to be used where there are strong sources of electromagnetic waves near the demolition area. These electro-magnetic waves are able to induce currency for firing the electric detonators. In case of a misfire, minimum 0 minutes stand-down is needed before approaching and placing a new charge. b. Non-electrical initiation. This initiation method cannot be controlled precisely. In case of a misfire, minimum 30 minutes stand-down is needed before approaching and placing a new demolition charge. REMARK: In case of misfire, place a fresh charge next to the charge that has not initiated. The charge that has not initiated must not be moved. 8.Transportation. Organisations and individuals transporting explosives are obliged to take necessary precautions as by standing regulations in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Precaution measures are related to preparations of explosives for transport (handling, loading and unloading). Transportation regulations are shown in Annex A. 9.Storage of explosive materials. Humanitarian demining and EOD operations demand storage of explosives as well. Explosives are to be stored correctly, safely and securely at each stage. Regulations for storing are shown in Annex A. 0. NOTAM. Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) is required by national air authorities and by SFOR. NOTAMs are necessary in order to warn aviators of the use of explosives in any area, so that these areas are not overflown at destruction times. a. NOTAMs are required only when the total of any one explosive charge exceeds 3.6 kg (either item to be destroyed or the demolition charge to be used). b. NOTAMs are not required if demolition takes place on a recognized demolition range. c. NOTAMs are to be forwarded at least one day prior to the planned time for explosive detonation. When the use of explosion in an emergency situation is necessary, (dangerous location etc.), the details for required NOTAMs are to be passed to by phone or fax to the BH MAC operations sector as soon as possible. d. Routine NOTAMs will be submitted weekly, direct to BHMAC operations, before 600 hrs on Friday for the following week. e. It is the responsibility of the organisations carrying out demolitions to inform and coordinate their activities with SFOR units at a local level. f. If the demolition is to be conducted within 0 km of an airport, organisation carrying out demolition is to notify the airport control tower in order to establish local level of communication. NOTAM example shown in Annex C. ANNEXES: Annex A: Transport of explosives Annex B: Storage of explosives Annex C: Notification to Airmen (NOTAM) IV - 3/3

73 B H S T A N D A R D S Annex A Chapter IV TRANSPORTATION OF EXPLOSIVES. General. Organisations and individuals preparing explosives for transport are responsible for loading, unloading and all aspects of transportation between storage locations. Persons directly handling explosives are obliged to take necessary precautions and use protective measures stated by the existing rules and regulations in Bosnia and Herzegovina. 2. Qualifications / Certification. Drivers and other persons participating in the transport of explosives are to be qualified to handle explosives. The following criteria will also apply to all persons involved in driving or directly handling explosives. a. At least 2 years of age. b. In good health and capable of handling explosives. c. Not under any legal investigation or be a convicted felon. d. Must have attended an explosives handling, storage & transport course. e. In possession of a recognised licence to carry explosives. 3. Persons not qualified to handle explosives may carry, load and unload dangerous material into vehicles or storage under supervision of a qualified person, provided they are verbally briefed on safety measures prior to handling explosives. 4. These guidelines will apply to transport and storage of explosives Classa and Class c. Dangerous materials of these classes are solid and liquid chemicals, which under certain conditions, and outside forces (such as impact or friction), or by chemical dissolving, release energy in the form of temperature or gases. 5. Vehicles used for transporting explosives are not to be used as overnight storage for explosives. Vehicles are not to be left loaded with explosives at any time unless they are under continuous security guard. PREPARATION OF EXPLOSIVES FOR TRANSPORT 6. Packaging of explosives is to be in accordance with standards and technical norms applied in Bosnia and Herzegovina. 7. Explosives will not be transported unless securely packed in appropriate boxes. Boxes or individual packages are to have specific identification marks on them. 8. Each box is to be packed with a printed instruction about storage, handling and disposal of the contents. 9. Boxes are to be closed and waterproof in order to prevent any loss or spilling of the contents during transport. If the vehicle is not a covered vehicle, boxes are to be covered with a waterproof cover. 0. Organisations transporting explosives are to issue the driver of each vehicle a document, which is to include instructions on safety measures and the following information. a. Type of explosives carried. IV-/

74 b. Quantity of explosives carried. B H S T A N D A R D S c. Confirmation of the sender that all conditions for the transport have been met. d. Signature and seal of the sender.. The organisation or person in charge of the transport of the explosives is to sign a transport bill or receipt voucher confirming the receipt of the explosives. 2. Detonators, blasting capsules and the initiation means for explosives are not to be transported in the same vehicle as explosives, except for daily use. 3. For daily use, and only where no other option exists, up to 50kg of explosives may be carried in the same vehicle with up to 00 detonators or blasting capsules. Detonators or blasting capsules are to be securely packed in a separate box from the explosive. Boxes containing detonators or blasting capsules are to be carried in a separate compartment of the vehicle from boxes containing explosives. UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES ARE DETONATORS OR BLASTING CAPSULES TO BE CARRIED IN THE SAME BOX AS EXPLOSIVES. 4. Initiation means in quantities smaller than in the original box are to be transported in wooden boxes, appropriate metal boxes or strong sacks. The initiation means in boxes or sacks are to be placed in such a way that they should not move even when the box or sack is shaken. 5. If packed in smaller quantities than originally packed, explosives are to be transported in closed leather sacks or other material sacks, which are to have anti static properties, or in safe, closed boxes. 6. Loading and unloading of explosives may be done only at locations determined for that purpose, outside of populated areas, away from radio communications. 7. Locations where loading and unloading takes place are to be clearly marked by appropriate signs, as prescribed for marking the vehicles for the transport of explosives. Areas are to be physically cordoned to prevent unauthorised approach during loading or unloading of explosives. 8. Locations for loading and unloading explosives are to be provided with sufficient appropriate fire extinguishers. 9. The following are prohibited at locations where explosives are stored, loaded, unloaded or used. a. Matches, cigarette lighters, material or devices, which can cause fire. b. Open flames or work with open flames, e.g. welding. c. Smoking. d. Work with tools that may cause sparks. e. Running of vehicle engines. 20. Persons who are not involved are forbidden to approach loading and unloading areas. 2. Unloading of explosives is normally to be carried out during daylight hours. If loading or unloading is carried out at night, the loading or unloading area is to be illuminated according to rules on installations for places where work is done with explosives. IV-2/

75 B H S T A N D A R D S VEHICLES FOR TRANSPORT OF EXPLOSIVES 22. Vehicles for transport of explosives are to meet the requirements of existing rules and regulations used in Bosnia and Herzegovina. 23. Persons in charge of transport of explosives will check the following prior to any movement of vehicles carrying explosives. a. Certificate for transport. b. Vehicle roadworthiness. c. Vehicle is furnished with appropriate equipment. d. Vehicle is marked appropriately. 24. Driver and driver s assistant are to be briefed about type of explosives to be transported. 25. Vehicles are to be correctly fitted, equipped, and marked according to the rules and regulations applied in Bosnia and Herzegovina. 26. Type and quantity of explosives and conditions of roads to be used are to be considered when deciding type of vehicle to be used. 27. Warning marks on individual packaging or boxes should be glued to the outsides of explosives carrying vehicles. These warning marks are to be placed on visible areas of the vehicle, on both sides and the rear of the vehicle. 28. In addition to equipment demanded by rules and regulations applied in Bosnia and Herzegovina, vehicles should also carry the following equipment. a. At least two appropriate fire extinguishers, one for the vehicle engine and one for the load; extinguishers are to be charged with a content that will efficiently extinguish an explosives fire. b. Two hand-torches with constant or blinking lights of orange colour visible from 50m distances. c. Two warning triangles for marking vehicle when stationary on road. d. Two flags for marking vehicle-transporting explosives. e. Spade and a pickaxe. 29. Towing of a vehicle loaded with explosives is forbidden. Exceptionally the vehicle may be towed to the closest suitable location for repairs or loading into a second vehicle. It is to be towed with a rigid link, and the speed is not to exceed 40 KPH. 30. Boxes, pallets and other packaging for transport of explosives are to be evenly distributed over the whole area for load, and can be loaded up to the height of the sides of the truck. All individual packaging and boxes with explosives are to be loaded and fixed to prevent spillage from boxes and turning over or impact inside boxes. 3. Vehicles transporting explosives may have only one trailer or semi-trailer, any trailer or semi-trailer is to be fitted with a braking system connected to the master brake. In case of disconnection of trailer from vehicle this system must automatically stop the trailer. IV-3/

76 B H S T A N D A R D S 32. If explosives-carrying vehicles are travelling together, distance between them is to be at least 200 metres. 33. Vehicles may be provided with two orange lights in front and two red lights at the rear. If these lights are installed in the vehicle, they are to work correctly. 34. Vehicles transporting explosives are to have warning stickers placed on front, rear and sides. Standard warning signboards with designating number of dangerous material should be placed on both sides of the vehicle, and boards with transport codes on front and rear. PROCEDURES IN CASE OF TRAFFIC ACCIDENT 35. In case of any accident whose consequences the vehicle crew cannot deal with, but which do not allow for the transport to continue, the crew are to immediately inform their organisation s headquarters. 36. In case of an accident, duties of the driver and assistant are to; a. Take necessary measures to prevent any danger to other vehicles or traffic. b. Place two warning triangles behind the vehicle, marking that it is stationary on the road. This is to apply both night and day. c. In daytime the driver should send his assistant to a distance of 00 metres with a flag to warn other traffic. At night use lights to warn other vehicles using the same carriageway as the stopped vehicle, ensuring traffic slows down, stops or overtakes safely. d. Signs and lamps with permanent or blinking lights are placed at least 50 metres behind the vehicle so that other drivers coming in the same direction from a distance of at least 50 metres can see them. 37. After proper marking of the vehicle, before any officials arrive to make an investigation, the crew should carry out the following. a. Remove from the vehicle all documentation relating to transport of explosives. b. Extinguish any fires on or in the vehicle. c. Prevent spillage of explosives. d. Prevent the approach of bystanders and warn them of the danger. e. Inform the closest local police station, and suggest the necessary action required of the police. f. When investigating officials arrive, inform them about the content of dangerous material and danger to people, property and environment. 38. If there is a danger of explosion or fire, the authorised official should inform the closest civil protection HQ, interior affairs officials and other organisations and completely stop all traffic until normal conditions are recovered. ADDITIONAL SAFETY MEASURES 39. No passengers are to be carried in vehicles transporting explosives. Vehicle crews are to consist only of a driver and a driver s assistant. IV-4/

77 B H S T A N D A R D S 40. No material that may cause a fire may be carried in vehicles transporting explosives. No repairs that might cause fire by sparking impact or violent contact may be carried out. No smoking is allowed in the driver s cabin or any other part of the vehicle. 4. From the moment the driver receives the explosives until the delivery is completed, he is not to leave the vehicle unattended. He may leave the vehicle provided it is left with his assistant. 42. The Driver will drive with care, and the speed should not exceed 80% of the highest speed determined for the road, and indicated by traffic signs on the route taken, but in no case should speed exceed 70 KPH 43. If the explosives are stolen, the organisation or persons transporting the explosives are to take measures to find it and to report to the person in charge of the transport and also inform the local authorities. 44. Vehicles transporting explosives should be fitted with a device to take away static electricity from the vehicle to the ground. 45. Explosives will not be placed in the driver s cabin or in the same space where passengers are carried. 46. Explosives and the means to initiate explosives may be transported together only when the quantity of explosives does not exceed 50 kg, and 200 igniters. This will only be allowed provided that the igniters are in their originally packed boxes, and that the explosives is packed and loaded separately from igniters, detonators, blasting capsules or any initiating means. IV-5/

78 B H S T A N D A R D S Annex B Chapter IV STORAGE OF EXPLOSIVE MATERIAL. Humanitarian demining or EOD operations may demand three stages of storage for explosives. Explosives and accessories are to be stored correctly, safely and securely at each stage. a) Main warehouse is a separate building where explosives are stored in the packaging prescribed for public traffic. b) Temporary warehouse is a storage building that meets the requirement for keeping explosives, or it is a sea container for storing explosives in smaller quantities. Maximum quantity of explosives stored in a temporary warehouse is not to exceed 500 kg. c) Daily storage (On site storage of working explosives) is where daily quantities are kept, such as wooden boxes, or similar, which provides safekeeping of explosives. 2. Only qualified persons over 2 years of age may purchase or store explosives. These persons are to be trained and qualified in loading, unloading, storage and characteristics of explosives they handle. They should also be familiar with the regulations for purchasing explosives. 3. Warehouses are to be kept according to the technical norms for storing of explosives and in accordance with regulations authorising the use of warehouses. 4. The interiors of warehouses should have daylight. If electrical light is used the installation is to be in accordance with technical norms regulating handling of dangerous material including protective measures for lives, health, environment and material goods against explosion or fire. Generally warehouses should not be heated. 5. Warehouses are to have ventilation, installed in such a way that it cannot be closed, blocked or allow water to penetrate, and also to prevent any inflammable material being thrown into it. Warehouses are to be furnished with anti-fire devices, and with a lightning conductor. 6. Warehouses are not to be accessible to other persons without authorisation. Only one set of keys is to be issued. These are to be issued to the supervisor in charge of storage and deliveries at the warehouse. 7. The warehouse is to have separate rooms or a substantial barrier for separating explosives and detonators/blasting capsules. 8. Only explosives in original packaging may be stored. These may be stacked or placed on shelves if they are in wooden or metal boxes. If explosives are in cardboard boxes they are not to be stacked. All boxes are to be placed at least 00mm above the floor, e.g. on wooden pallets. When boxes are stacked the height will not exceed.5 metres. The space between the top of the boxes and the ceiling will not be less than 600mm. Boxes are to be at least 00mm away from the upper shelf, and 500mm away from the walls of the room. When stacking boxes the width of the base is to be bigger than the height of stacked boxes. IV-6/

79 B H S T A N D A R D S 9. Blasting capsules and electric detonators may be stacked only if packed in boxes and on wooden shelves, maximum two layers on a shelf. Total height of stacked boxes will not exceed.4 metres. 0. It is forbidden to nail or dismantle boxes in the warehouse where explosives are stored. This should be done away from the warehouse, with tools that cannot produce sparks, explosion or fire.. Tools will not be kept in the same room with explosives or initiation means. 2. If portable lanterns or pocket torches of any description are required they will be switched on before entering the store. The person holding the torch will not handle explosives or detonators or blasting capsules. 3. Organisations using explosives will keep records on purchasing, use and destroyed and missing explosives. The records are to show the following. a. Name and address of organisation from which the explosive was purchased. b. Date of purchase, showing type and quantity purchased. c. Purpose of usage. d. Full information on type and quantity of any missing or destroyed explosives, including dates and details on whom it was handed over to or when it was destroyed, or it was missing. 4. Organisations using explosives are to supervise quantities used by personnel during all operations and training. The explosives are to be issued with a receipt to the person who uses it. The receipt is to show date of issue, type, quantity, and planned time of usage of the explosives, and the signature of the recipient. After demolition the person who performed it is obliged, the same day, to give a report to the organisation or person issuing the explosives, with information about when it was used, date and time, type, quantity and purpose for which it was used. Both the owner and the user are responsible for the accuracy of this information. 5. Materials used for packaging explosives are to be destroyed, not discarded after use. 6. If the required quantity for storage is less than 500kg, it may be stored in a temporary warehouse, inside containers specially manufactured for that purpose, which fulfil the prescribed conditions. Organisations using temporary warehouses are to maintain the building and a protection zone around it according to the prescribed technical norms. Organisations are also to provide physical protection of temporary warehouses. SEA CONTAINERS 7. Sea containers may be used as temporary warehouses for storage of explosives up to 500kg, 000 detonators or blasting capsules and the required quantity of safety fuse and other means for firing. When sea containers are used as storage warehouses for explosives and accessories, they are to fulfil all the technical conditions required for storing explosives. 8. Containers are to be placed at least 250 metres away from populated areas, public roads or railways. Containers are to be placed on flat, hard ground, with or without foundations in a way that they cannot easily be taken away. Minimum distance between containers is to be IV-7/

80 B H S T A N D A R D S 500 metres. If there is an earth berm or suitable wall between containers the distance may be reduced to 25 metres. (A suitable wall could be constructed using earth-filled sandbags or Hesco Bastions.) 9. Storage containers are to be electrically earthed or grounded. 20. Explosives and detonators or blasting capsules are to be stored in manufacturer s original packages. Packages which require the use of tools to open them are to be opened a minimum of 5 metres away from the sea container, using tools that do not create sparks. 2. Boxes and packages are to be carefully handled, not roughly pulled or thrown. They are to be clearly date-marked, allowing use of those boxes that have the earliest production date. 22. Sea containers are to be kept in good condition, inside and out. Their structural integrity and security is to be maintained at all times. 23. Access to containers is to be limited to the supervisor in charge of stocks in storage. 24. Records about incoming and outgoing explosives are to be kept inside the container, so that at any given time stock holdings can be easily checked. 25. The container is to be surrounded with fence at least 2 metres high, at a minimum distance of 0 metres from the outside wall of the container. Where there are no permanent guards, periodical checking is to be provided. 26. Signboards to prohibit smoking and fire are to be displayed on clear spots in the restricted zone. Warning is also to be displayed that only authorised persons may enter the area. 27. Sea containers used for storing explosives and accessories are to be furnished with sufficient appropriate fire extinguishers. 28. Temporary warehouses for storage of up to 500 kg. of explosives and 000 detonators or blasting capsules are to be built of fireproof material, capable of withstanding a fire for at least two hours, and to be sufficiently secure to resist burglary. 29. All rules for technical conditions and usage for containers are to be applied. PROTECTIVE MEASURES FOR STORING AND HANDLING OF EXPLOSIVES 30. These measures apply to all warehouses where explosives are stored or packed. 3. A technically-qualified person is to be in charge of managing the receipt, storage, guarding and issuing explosives in both permanent and temporary warehouses 32. Only authorised persons are to enter the restricted zone. Those persons who receive authorisation from the person in charge are to be to escorted at all times whilst inside the restricted zone. 33. All smoking materials, including cigarettes, matches, lighters etc. and any object or item that might cause fire are prohibited from the restricted zone. At the entrance to the restricted zone there is to be a warning sign. This sign is to state: NO SMOKING OR SMOKING MATERIALS ALLOWED BEYOND THIS POINT. 34. A minimum 50cm space is to be allowed between the walls of any store and stored material. A path at least.2 metre wide is to run through the middle of the warehouse. Lines showing the borders of this path are to be oil painted on the floor of the storage area. IV-8/

81 B H S T A N D A R D S 35. Clothing and shoes of all workers in a warehouse are to be in accordance with rules on storage of explosives. Shoes are to be manufactured in such a manner as not to cause sparks. 36. The warehouse is not to be used to store packaging material or tools for opening boxes. It is also not to be used as a cloakroom or a canteen or dining room for warehouse workers. It is to be kept tidy and clean. 37. When no work is taking place the warehouse is to be locked, except when it is being ventilated. The key is to be with the supervisor or his deputy. After working hours the key is to be left at a pre-determined secure place, decided by the warehouse manager. 38. Warehouses are to be constructed in such a way as to provide protection from static electricity in all rooms. 39. If thunderstorms are predicted near the warehouse, all work is to stop and warehouse workers are to go to a safe place. 40. In the event that the warehouse requires repair, all explosives and explosive accessories are to be removed before repairs are started. DAILY STORAGE 4. For daily usage explosives may be stored in wooden boxes or other appropriate containers. 42. Boxes may contain up to 50 kg. of explosives or an appropriate quantity of initiating means to fire the given quantity of explosives. 43. Boxes that contain explosives are not to contain detonators, blasting capsules or any means of initiation. Detonators and blasting capsules are to be stored and carried in a separate box from explosives. MINIMUM SAFETY DISTANCES FOR STORAGE OF EXPLOSIVES Quantity of Public buildings Populated areas Roads & railways Ser explosives (kg) (metres) (metres) (metres) Remarks (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) IV-9/

82 B H S T A N D A R D S Notes:.If a suitable protective wall protects the object, safety distances may be reduced by half. 2.For safety fuse or detonating cord, the total net weight of explosive content is taken for calculation. IV-0/

83 B H S T A N D A R D S NOTAM Notice to Airmen Annex C Chapter IV Instruction for filling the NOTAM form request: a) Location of demolition. It may be defined by triangulation of the areas that will be used. E.g. three six-numbered grid references are given, so that the triangle area between the grid references will be the area to be used for demolitions. b) Maximum quantity of explosives to be used in one detonation, stated in kilos. c) Planned date and time of demolition according to local time. d) State safety distances in relation to charges that will be used. Vertical safety distances are to be calculated by adding 500 feet more ( = m) of the distance onto the horizontal safety distance. Maximal vertical distance is a distance that is allowed in the 0 km circle, while it is around 500 feet around the airport, if the different approval was not previously gained through NOTAM procedure. e) Name, call sign, frequency of the demolition supervisor. f) Name and telephone number of contact person in the organisation or its sub-office. g) Additional information. Including information about reasons of demolitions, e.g. demolition of UXO. NOTAM REQUEST FROM: FOR: BH MAC Operations Sector SUBJECT: NOTAM REQUEST NO: A. LOCATION: B. QTY OF EXPLOSIVES: C. DATE AND TIME: D. SAFETY DISTANCES: Horizontal (m) vertical (feet) (horizontal ) E. NAME AND CALL SIGN OF THE CONTACT PERSON ON THE GROUND: F. NAME AND PHONE NUBMER OF THE CONTACT PERSON IN THE ORGANISATION CENTRE G. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION IV-/

84 Chapter V MINE SURVEY INTRODUCTION. The purpose of this Chapter is to establish the scope of mine pollution problem and how big contaminated areas in Bosnia and Herzegovina are. Areas that are suspected of being mined or mined must be surveyed, in sufficient detail to enable BHMAC to plan priorities in demining as well as develop clearance programme for the conduct of mine clearance operations. Information from Survey reports will be transferred into BH MAC database. AIM 2. The aim of this chapter is to detail the surveying procedures in order to enable the collection of reliable information about the scope of mine pollution in BH. Reliable information gathered will enable planning and sound preparation of clearance operations. SCOPE 3. Suspect areas survey has two levels the scope of which is the identification of risk areas and areas without obvious risk: a. Level General Survey, b. Level 2 Technical Survey, And survey for identification of cleared areas is defined as: c. Level 3 Completion Survey. GENERAL SURVEY 4. General survey is the investigation of information already existing and new information gathered about suspect areas in order to identify risk areas and areas without obvious risk. 5. General survey team consists of a minimum of two surveyors, one of them being the team leader. Surveyor must have attended and passed the basic humanitarian demining course as well as general survey course. Both courses are introduced in Chapter I of BH Standard. Surveyors do not have to wear protective equipment and there is no medic in their team. 6. Teams will conduct General Survey according to the detailed procedure form SOP for the BHMAC General Survey. 7. The recommended equipment for General Survey team is: a. Equipment for measuring on the ground (compass, range finder, protractor, GPS) b. Equipment for surveying and documentation (binoculars, camera, writing and drawing tools) c. Communication equipment (UHF radio, mobile or satellite phone) d. Equipment for urgent mine marking e. Terrain vehicle with first aid equipment. BH MAC is issuing GS task, i.e. BH MAC Department for Survey and Projects, BH MAC offices Sarajevo and Banja Luka, based on municipality / canton authorities or organisations V - /4

85 requirements for demining for the purpose of reconstruction or realisation of other programmes. Based on previous requests, the person responsible for operations tasks a general survey team with a written mandate and clearly identified borders and aims of survey, consisting of all available information. 8. Once on the ground, the survey team contacts personnel for information on mine / UXO pollution of the area to be surveyed (Civilian Protection, units of SFOR and Armies, Police Stations, medical facilities, former soldiers, mine victims and local population). The Survey team is to investigate the existing and gather new information on mine / UXO pollution of the area 9. While gathering information on the ground, neither survey team nor local population must leave the safe area. All the measurements, observations and locating information must be conveyed from a safe area. 0. The Ability to gather and investigate the reliability of mine pollution information of a surveyed area through contacting local people is a key to a successful general survey task.. If a general survey team discover that surveyed area is mine contaminated, urgent marking is to be done from the safe area. 2. Survey team is to investigate all information gathered from different sources. Reliability and accuracy of information gathered is to be stated in Survey report. 3. The area can be declared as an area without obvious risk only if intensively used in post-war period, without accidents and incidents. These areas are as follows: ploughed or excavated at least once with the disturbance to the minimum of 0 into the ground; area used for building objects, roads, railroads etc; areas which were used for sawing and pasture, as well as tarmac, concrete or stone area which cannot be disturbed without leaving visible evidence 4. Based on information gathered, borders of suspect areas and areas without obvious risk will be established on either cadastral plan or a map (topographic map exceptionally). It is to include a review of grid references of all the turning points of either suspect area or area without obvious risk. A surveyed area sketch is drawn with suspect area borders and all the relevant data (type of soil, debris contamination, density, type and height of vegetation, ground, water etc.). In case of measuring bearings and longitudes, sketches are made with maps and laser range finder (measuring from the safe area). Examples provided in Annex A. 5. Result of general survey is a set of documents containing all the relevant information about area survey conducted by general survey team. General survey report (Annex B) includes team leader s opinion on type and urgency for further mine action in a risk surveyed area. Chief of BH MAC office Sarajevo or Banja Luka is to verify Technical opinion for areas without obvious risk (Annex C), which is issued at the request of the user of the ground. 6. Chief of the Regional Office shall analyse the GS Report and give the final estimation on mine threat in the survey area. Based on General Survey Report, project documentation for further mine activities is done for suspect and mined areas (marking, technical survey or clearance). Once approved, project for demining goes for realisation according to its priority status (through the public tender or immediate contract), and in accordance with the Regulations set by state authorised level for demining (Demining Commission in BH). Set of documents on General Survey is entered into BH MAC database. V - 2/4

86 TECHNICAL SURVEY 8. Technical survey implies entering the suspect area, which is to be undertaken with the full compliance with the SOP, which is in accordance to chapters for: manual operations, marking, use of EDD teams and mechanical preparation of the ground. Technical survey needs to be conducted by personnel qualified and equipped for demining, marking and sketching the task done. 9. Reduction of suspect area is the essence of technical survey, which confirms information gathered through General Survey, establishes real borders of the minefield in order to direct demining resources to actually mined areas. 20. The use of EDD teams and mechanical tools for ground preparation in Technical Survey process (whenever conditions allow), present the most efficient way of reducing the suspect area. 2. In manual operations (when the conditions limit the use of EDDs or machines), the suspect area is attacked from the safe area, from all sides, clearing the working lanes at maximum distance of 0 m (in compliance with minimum safety distances). Approaching a mine, the location is marked and work continued in a new lane. RO BH MAC office inspectors that is tracking the task is notified about every mine found (location, type, way of setting etc), after which its demolition is approved. 22. The use of EDDs implies previously stated manual operations, followed by search conducted by two EDDs in boxes 0x0 metres, until first mines are approached (the proof of risk). The proof that mines are found in working lanes or boxes must be confirmed by inspection bodies as explained in No When using machines for standard soil disturbance (No 6, Chapter XIV), the entire area is covered, provided that the machines are constructed as blast proof.). Every stated explosion or visible surface thrown mine (or their broken parts) shall be documented on the sketch and in the daily report, according to its location and if possible, its type. After the area is thus treated, working lanes will be opened at maximum distance of 25 metres, after that at the same distance but from one of the sides. In working lanes thus opened, we will check: the quality of required standard ground disturbance (depth of disturbance, diameter of broken pieces), overlap and encompassing with ground preparation of the entire area. Boxes gained in such manner (max. 25x25m) will be visually checked in order to identify locations of explosions; surface thrown not activated mines or their broken parts. 24. From the location where the mine presence is proved (risk threat), regardless of method used, a withdrawing is done for a minimum of 5 metres from the coming direction in order to mark the boundaries of the minefield. When we get the boundaries of actual minefield, it will be permanently or semi permanently marked in accordance to requirements provided in Chapter II. Area reduced in this manner (outside the borders of the minefield) will be technically declared as area without obvious risk (AWOR). 25. In order to identify the borders of AWOR in technical survey, the BH MAC inspection bodies may ask that the organisation conduct the sampling procedure up to 5% or the area in order to prove non-existence of mine threat in that area. 26. Identified reduced risk area cannot be declared as cleared as long as clearance operations are not conducted on it. 27. Depending on conditions, during technical survey one or all of the three methods should be used in order for the area to be entirely surveyed by technical survey and in order to confirm the suspicion of risk, i.e. to identify borders of actually mined area. V - 3/4

87 28. The Record of the takeover of the technically surveyed area, along with official declarations and annexes (Annex D) presents Technical Survey task Report. This report contains set of information, which was gathered by technical survey operation, along with the sketch of the actual minefield and stated AWOR (entire or partial), its datum point, reference point as well as grid references of all the turning points. Upon taking over the areas technically declared, BH MAC will issue Technical opinion for AWOR (Annex E), while for the declared mined area, the task will be formed for clearance, if clearance is not continued immediately. AWOR stated in technical survey will be marked with final marking and identified in record, as well as the cleared area. (Chapter VIII, Annex C, No 4 a.) and b) COMPLETION SURVEY 26. Completion Survey is the process where within technical survey the accurate AWOR is identified according to the border of the stated mined area, as well as in clearance for area that is cleared, all in cooperation with the team who conducted the technical survey or clearance. Technically surveyed (stated AWOR) or cleared area, will be walked over, grid references will be set for datum point and all the turning points. All the grids will be documented on the sketch. 27. Completion survey will be conducted with the demining organisation that conducted demining, along with the presence of BH MAC inspection body. 28. Completion Survey results must be in the Technical Survey Task Final Report or in the Final Clearance Report, which with its confirmed quality through sampling is the perimeter for issuing the Technical opinion for AWOR in Technical Survey, or issuing the Certificate on Quality Control in demining for areas that were cleared. INFORMATION 29. All three survey levels results are transferred into BH MAC database using defined reporting forms. 30. All measuring is to be done in metric system, while the equipment chosen must provide the required level of accuracy and reliability to the surveyor. 3. Cadastral and topographic maps are the key elements in gathering geographical information on suspect areas. The most accurate and most detailed maps are to be used as a standard for setting risk areas and areas without obvious risks. ANNEXES: Annex A Geodetic key document scrap TM :25000, signs for mine contamination and examples of sketches. Annex B Survey Report Annex C: Technical opinion on area without obvious risk in General Survey Annex D: Record of the takeover of technically surveyed area with the demining organisation s statement, official declarations and annexes, as well as explanation for filling the form. Annex E: Technical Opinion for stated AWOR in technical survey. V - 4/4

88 Annex A Chapter V DOCUMENT SCRAP FROM THE TOPOGRAPHIC KEY TM : 25000, SIGNS FOR MINE CONTAMINATION AND AN EXAMPLE OF A SKETCH When the sketches are made during survey, topographic signs for TM (topographic maps) are to be used of a scale : 25000, as well as standardised symbols for mine contamination. a) The most frequently used are the following signs: Graveyard a) Christian b) Islamic Power lines a) Turning/marking pole b) Transformer c) Materials for poles (B=C concrete; D=W wood: G=I Iron) d) Smaller transformer e) Signs for voltage in KV f) Bigger transformer g) Transformer for the underground power lines Macadam track Usual track Damaged track Horse track Railway - road Bridge a) Shown in out-of-scale sign b) Shown in a map scale Drainage at a railway or a road Riverbank a) Higher (numbers stand for height of the riverbank in m) b) Lower (numbers stand for the height of the riverbank in m) Width of a river up to 5m (TM 25), 0m (TM 50), 20m (TM 00), 40 (TM 200) An easily spotted isolated tree: a) Leaves b) Pine trees V - /2

89 Wired fence Stone boundary or boundary made of piled stones b) Use the following signs of mine contamination Suspect area AP mine AT mine UXO Incident / accident c) An example for sketching by use of bearings and longitudes S T2 T3 T T4 RT Scale: cm = 00mm Table: -RT y= x= RT-T a=5 0 d=200m -T-T2 a=4 0 d=270m -T2-T3 a=98 0 d=.40m -T3-T4 a=95 0 d=250m -T4-T a=283 0 d=.00m V - 2/2

90 a) Example for sketching using gridlines from a plan map. V - 3/2