ANNUAL EVALUATION 1724 Guadalupe Underwater Archaeological Preserve (GUAP) Bayahibe, Dominican Republic

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1 ANNUAL EVALUATION 1724 Guadale Underwater Archaeological Preserve (GUAP)

Underwater Science Submitted to: Dirección General de Patrimonio Cultural

DGPCS Project Director: Francis Soto, Technical Director Dirección General de

1 1 ANNUAL EVALUATION 1724 Guadale Underwater Archaeological Preserve (GUAP) Bayahibe, Dominican Republic May 2017 Indiana University- Center for Underwater Science Submitted to: Dirección General de Patrimonio Cultural Subacuático (DGPCS) Ministerio de Cultura Santo Domingo, República Dominicana DGPCS Project Director: Francis Soto, Technical Director Dirección General de Patrimonio Cultural Subacuático (DGPCS) Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic IU Project Director: Charles D. Beeker Center for Underwater Science, Indiana University Editor: Samuel I. Haskell Center for Underwater Science, Indiana University

2 2 Participants Indiana University: Charles Beeker, Matthew Maus, Samuel Haskell, Mylana Haydu, Claudia Johnson, Billy Carter, Kirsten Hawley, Tricia Dodds, Denise Jaffke, Brigette Banser, Thomas Brimm, Scott Cain, Tad Carter, Zach Chambers, Sommer Dean, Emma DeLillo, Amy Flanigan, Austin Fuller, Chris Hartpence, Makinzie Hoagland, Juliette Horn, Ian Kessler, Tziporah Ladin-Gross, Verena Lucke, Elly Perez, Patrick Ransbottom, Pierce Ross, Austin Schlenz, Greg Sprout, Rachel Wilson Site Information General Location: Offshore from Viva Wyndham Dominicus Beach Resort, Bayahibe, Dominican Republic. Construction: A replica shipwreck as underwater museum exhibit of historic artifacts from the 1724 Guadale including seven cannons, one dead eye, cemented and noncemented ceramics, one anchor from Isla Saona, and cannonballs from the 1781 Scipion. Site Visitation: Viva Dominicus reports that the GUAP was their most visited dive site of 2015 with approximately 2,300 dives on site. This dive center estimates that it brings about 12 divers per day on at least two boats to the GUAP. Their slowest month was September with 210 divers and their busiest was March with 327 divers visiting the GUAP. Additionally, at least two boats from other dive centers bring divers to the GUAP every morning, significantly increasing the total number of annual visitors to the site. Assessment Dates: May 2017 Diving Conditions Depth: feet Accessibility: 776 feet from shore Current Direction and Strength: Southeasterly, mild to moderate Wind Direction and Strength: Southeasterly, mild to moderate Visibility: feet Site Maintenance (see Tables 1 and 2) Dedication Plaque: Monument found northeast of site on arrival (Image 1). Divers repositioned plaque to its original location (Image 2). Bronze plaque in poor condition. Plaque was cleaned of marine growth during the assessment. The date on the plaque has been worn down and is no longer legible, likely as a result of rubbing by guides and tourists (Image 3). Historic Marker Buoy: Buoy absent on arrival. Installed new historic marker buoy. (Image 4). Historic Marker Buoy Down-Line: Installed new 14-foot down-line along with the new buoy (Image 5). Historical Marker Anchor Pin: Pin was absent on arrival. Previous pin location was cleared of sediment and debris, and new pin was installed and cemented (Image 6). Mooring Buoy System: One new mooring system, constructed by Viva Diving and Excursions in 2016, was present on arrival (Image 7). All other mooring buoys were absent on arrival. During assessment, a shallow water mooring system was created using Mooring Blocks A and B. Mooring Buoy Down-Line: Indiana University divers installed new 40-foot down-line

3 3 and 10-foot tag-lines for the deep water mooring system (Image 8) as well as a 40-foot down-line with a 10-foot tag-line for the shallow water mooring system. Mooring Buoy Anchors: Mooring Blocks A, B, and C were all found disturbed. Mooring Block B was found on the reef, approximately 15 meters west of the site and relocated to shallower water. Boundary Safety Buoy System: Buoys 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 were present on arrival. During assessment, Buoys 1, 2, 7, and 11 were replaced. The anchor system for Buoy 0 is no longer present. 11 total anchor pins were located and numbered (Table 3). Cement Buckets: Six cement filled buckets, identified as being used for the July 2016 PADI Course Director Training Workshop, were found on site. The buckets were relocated to the base of Buoy 1. Cultural Resources Assessment (see Tables 3 and 4) Cannons: All seven cannons undisturbed and in stable condition. Cannons exhibit vigorous coral and sponge growth (Appendix F). Anchor: Undisturbed and in good condition. Deadeye: Undisturbed and in stable condition. Cannonballs: Five cannonballs accounted for; two 12-lb and one 32-lb east of anchor shank, one 4-lb on anchor crown, one 32-lb bomb on south slope. Ceramics: Almost all ceramics (cemented, un-cemented, and galley bricks) were observed during the rapid assessment (Table 4). Others may be present on the site but unaccounted for. Note: Nine galley bricks plotted 2m from shank, two lodged under cannon three (Image 7) Biological Resources Assessment * See Appendix E: Biological Inventory, D: Anchor Biology, F: Significant Canon Biology, and G: Dendrogyra Colonies. Abudefduf saxatilis spawning: Sergeant Major (Abudefduf saxatilis) spawning behavior was observed on the GUAP site during assessment. On 13 May, Twelve Sergeant Major nests were recorded on the anchor, cannons, and ceramics in the GUAP site.

4 4 Dendrogyra cylindrus: Numerous colonies of threatened Pillar Coral (Dendrogyra cylindrus) were observed on the western perimeter of the site, including young recruitment colonies. 14 significant colonies were mapped and documented during the assessment (Image 9, Image 10, Appendix G). While a more detailed assessment is recommended, qualitative observation suggests D. cylindrus populations are healthy and growing in and around the GUAP. Meandrina meandrites: The previously transplanted Meandrina meandrites is present and healthy on Cannon 7 (Appendix F) Hazards to Biology: Overfishing (site is unpatrolled, lack of compliance and enforcement) o Three spear fishermen observed fishing in the protected area. Anchor damage o Destruction of mooring system by large catamarans is reducing mooring options for dive boats and therefore increases likelihood of anchor use. o Large catamarans dragging mooring blocks damages benthic organisms (and cultural resources). Coral disease and bleaching Diver and snorkeler impacts Invasive Lionfish (Pterois volitans) o Six lion fish observed during assessment: two during the night of May 16 and four more along the wall edge.

5 5 Recommendations Monitoring and Maintenance Connect spar buoys to peanut buoys to divert boat traffic and protect swimmers and divers. Continue to conduct annual maintenance on the Dedication Plaque and Historic Marker, Mooring, and Safety Buoy systems. Continue to annually monitor the condition of the cultural and biological resources present in the GUAP. Implement invasive Lionfish eradication program. Replace dedication plaque. Monitor health and growth of Dendrogyra cylindrus colonies on adjacent reef. Repair spar buoy anchor guidelines to facilitate ongoing maintenance. Enhancement and Expansion Establish fund sported by local tourism industry to facilitate ongoing annual maintenance. Add displays and dedication plaques in all the hotel resorts in the Bayahibe area. Establish a coral nursery and restoration program to seed site with transplants of Acropora palmata and Acropora cervicornis and recreate historic ecosystem. Community Outreach and Education Public outreach to encourage compliance with fishing prohibition at LMS sites. Offer training and technical assistance to the Dominican Navy to promote enforcement and compliance of no take, no anchor regulations. Provide training to dive centers and boat crews regarding mooring buoy maintenance and proper mooring procedures. Work with local community to relocate second memorial plaque to an area outside of LMS site. Encourage community involvement in maintaining the Dedication Plaque and cannon display at the marina in Bayahibe.

6 6 Appendix A: Images Image 1 Dedication plaque Image monument 1 Placeholder found northeast of site on arrival Image 2 Monument relocated to original location near anchor ring

7 Image 3 1724 date on dedication plaque

7 7 Image date on dedication plaque is no longer legible, likely as a result of rubbing by dive guides and tourists Image 4 New historic marker buoy installed

8 8 Image 5 New historic marker down-line Image 1 Placeholder with newly cemented historic marker pin Image 6 Divers cement new historic marker pin

2016 Image 8 California State Parks Archaeologists

9 9 Image 7 New deep water mooring Image system 1 installed Placeholder by Viva Diving and Excursions in 2016 Image 8 California State Parks Archaeologists install new down-lines and bridle for deep water mooring system

10 10 Image 9 IU research divers document D. cylindrus colonies west of site Image 10 Photogrammetric coded targets placed near D. cylindrus colony for photogrammetric documentation

11 Appendix B: Reef Orthomosaic Note: A 3-dimensional orthophotogrammetric model of the site and surrounding reef was generated from images taken on 14 May

11 11 Appendix B: Reef Orthomosaic Note: A 3-dimensional orthophotogrammetric model of the site and surrounding reef was generated from images taken on 14 May 2017 The orthomosaic above was generated from the 3- dimensional model to provide a detailed record of benthic biota and cultural resources status (M. Maus).

12 12 Appendix C: Maintenance and Archaeological Inventory Table 1: Mooring Buoy System Data Table Buoy Designation Anchor Anchor Condition Anchor Depth (ft) Down Line (ft) Tag Line (ft) Buoy Status Historic Marker HM Pin New N/A New Buoy Ball Shallow Water Mooring Deep Water Mooring Two 1500lb blocks Two 1500lb blocks New New New Buoy Ball New Buoy Ball Comments Buoy absent on arrival; Placed new pin and cement to reinforce anchor Buoy absent on arrival. Made of two 1500lb blocks. Installed new down line, tag line and bridle system to connect two blocks Buoy present on arrival. Made of two 1500lb blocks. Installed new down line, tag line and bridle system to connect two blocks Table 2: Buoy System Data Table Buoy Buoy 0 Buoy 1 Buoy 2 Buoy 3 Buoy 4 Buoy 5 Buoy 6 Buoy 7 Buoy 8 Buoy 9 Buoy 10 Buoy 11 Tag Number Anchor N/A No longer exists 71 Sand 72 Sand 73 Sand 74 Sand 75 Sand 76 Sand 77 Sand 78 Sand 79 Sand 80 Sand 81 Sand Anchor Condition Anchor Depth (ft.) Down Line (ft.) Buoy Status Comments N/A N/A N/A Absent Buoy absent on arrival Good New Buoy absent on arrival Good New Buoy absent on arrival Good Old Buoy present on arrival Good Old Buoy present on arrival Good Old Buoy present on arrival Good Old Buoy present on arrival Good New Buoy absent on arrival Good Old Buoy present on arrival Good 32.5 N/A Absent Buoy absent on arrival Good 31.5 N/A Absent Buoy present on arrival Good New Buoy present on arrival

13 13 Table 3: Cannon Orientation Object Bearing 2015 Bearing 2016 Bearing 2017 Orientation 2015 Orientation 2016 Orientation 2017 Depth 2015 Depth 2016 Depth 2017 Anchor N/A N/A N/A N/A Cannon Left Left Left Cannon Touch hole Touch hole Touch hole Cannon 3 Cannon 4 Cannon 5 Cannon 6 Cannon Left Touch hole down Touch hole Left Touch hole Left Touch hole down Touch hole Left Left Left Touch hole down Touch hole Left Left *Note: Slight change in depth from 2015 could be attributed to tidal variation. There is no evidence that the cannons were moved since **Note: Objects with a single depth are even across their entire length. Objects with two depths noted are read from the back (Cascabel) to front (Muzzle). Table 4: Ceramic Data Table (Cemented & Non-Cemented Fragments) Type of Artifact Number of Artifacts Number of Artifacts Number of Artifacts Sugar Mold Flat Base Body Sherd Round Base Handled Rim/Body Sherd Rim Cannonball Galley Brick

14 14

15 15 Appendix D: Biological Inventory FISH SCIENTIFIC NAME Abudefduf saxatilis Acanthurus coerileus Acanthostracion polygonius Apongon spp. Aulostomus maculatus Balistes vetula Bothus lunatus Cantherhines macrocerus Canthigaster rostrata Cephalopholis cruentatus Chaetodon ocellatus Chaetodon striatus Chrornis flauicauda Diodon holocanthus Elaestinus prochilos Epinephelus guttatus Epinephelus mono Epinephelus mystacinus Equetus punctatus Gramma loreto Gymnothorax Funebris Gymnothorax Miliaris Gymnothorax moringa Haemulon spp. Heterocunger longissimus Hippocampus erectus Holacanthus ciliaris Holacanthus tricolor Lactophyrys trigonus Lucayablennius zingaro Lutjanus campechanus Lymata Pederseni Mulloidichthyus martinicus Mycteroperca bonari Mycteroperca microlepis Myrichthys breviceps Ocyurus chysurus Ophicoma paucigranulata Pornacanthus paru Scars guacamaia Scorpaena plumieri Serranus spp. Serranus tigrinus Sphyraena barracuda isorna viride Stegastes partitus Stegastes spp, COMMON NAME SERGEANT MAJOR BLUE TANG HONEYCOMB COWFISH CARDINAL FISH TRUMPET FISH QUEEN TRIGGER FISH PEACOCK FLOUNDER WHITESPOTTED FILEFISH CARRIBEAN SHARP-NOSE PUFFER GRAYSBY SPOTFIN BUTTERFLYFISH BANDED BUTTERFLYFISH BLUE CHROMIS LONG-SPINE PORCUPINE-FISH BROADSTRIPE GOBY GROUPER RED GROUPER BIGEYED GROUPER SPOTTED DRUM ROYAL GRAMMA GREEN MORAY GOLDEN TAIL MORAY SPOTTED MORAY FRENCH GRUNT BROWN GARDEN EEL LINED SEAHORSE QUEEN ANGELFISH ROCK BEAUTY TRUNKFISH ARROW BLENNY NORTHERN RED SNAPPER SPONGE PEPPERMINT SHRIMP YELLOW GOATFISH BLACK GROUPER CHARCOAL BELLY GROUPER SHARPTAIL SNAKE EEL YELLOWTAIL SNAPPER HANGING STAR FRENCH ANGELFISH RAINBOW PARROTFISH SPOTTED SCORPIONFISH SEA BASS HARLEQUIN BASS GREAT BARRACUDA SPOTLIGHT PARROTFISH BICOLOR DAMSELFISH DAMSELFISH

16 16 Synodus saurus Urolophus jamaicensis Xyrichtys splendens ATLANTIC LIZARDFISH YELLOW STINGRAY GREEN RAZORFISH CORAL Scientific Name Agaricia agaricites Colpophyllia natans Dendrogyra cylindrus Dichocoenia stokesii Diploria labyrinthiformis Diploria strigosa Gorgonia ventulina Isophylia sp. Madracis senaria Manicina areolata Meandrina meandrites Milepora complanata Montastrea annularis Montastrea cavernosa Mycetophyllia lamarckiana Porites asteroides Porites branneri Porites porites Pterogorgia guadalensis Siderastrea siderea Stephanocoenia intersepta COMMON NAME LETTUCE CORAL BOULDER BRAIN CORAL PILLAR CORAL ELLIPTICAL STAR CORAL GROOVED BRAIN CORAL SYMMETRICAL BRAIN CORAL SEA FAN CACTUS CORAL SIX-RAY STAR CORAL ROSE CORAL MAZE CORAL FIRE CORAL BOULDER STAR CORAL GREAT STAR CORAL RIDGED CACTUS CORAL MUSTARD HILL CORAL BLUE CRUST CORAL FINGER CORAL GROOVED-BLADE SEA WHIP MASSIVE STARLET CORAL BLUSHING STAR CORAL OTHER INVERTEBRATES Scientific Name Acanthopleura granulata Aplysina fulva Callyspungia plicifera Clypeaster subdepressus Diadema antillarum Holopsamma helwigi Ophiocorna echinata Stenpus hispidus Tripneustes ventricosus Zepas anatifera Anamobea orstedii COMMON NAME WEST INDIAN FUZZY CHITON SCATTERED PORE ROPE SPONGE AZURE VASE SPONGE SAND DOLLARS LONG SPINED URCHIN LUMPY OVERGROWING SPONGE BLUNT-SPINED BRITTLE STAR CORAL BANDED SHRIMP WEST INDIAN SEA EGG/WHITE SEA URCHIN SMOOTH GOOSENECK BARNACLE SPLIT-CROWN FEATHER DUSTER WORM

17 17 Aplysina laccunosa Clathria spp. Hermodice carunculata Holothuria mexicana Pseudoceratina crassa Sepioteuthis sepioidea Thor ambionensis Aplysina fistularis Calappa gallus Spirobranchus giganteus Tozeuma carolinense Verongula gigantean Sepioteuthis sepioidea Stenerhynchus seticornis Astrophyton muricatum Cyphoma gibbosum Octopus vulgaris Oreaster reticulatus Astropecten dlicatus Dissodactylus Primitivus Panulirus argus Metapenaeopsis goodie Lytechinus variegatus(?) CONVOLUTED BARREL SPONGE DEMOSPONGE BEARDED FIREWORM DONKEY DUNG SEA CUCUMBER VERONGIDA SPONGE CARIBBEAN REEF SQUID SEXY SHRIMP YELLOW TUBE SPONGE LUMPY BOX CRAB CHRISTMAS TREE WORMS ARROW SHRIMP NETTED BARREL SPONGE CARIBBEAN REEF SQUID ARROW CRAB GIANT BASKET STAR FLAMINGO TONGUE SNAIL COMMON OCTOPUS RED CUSHION SEA STAR TWO-SPINED SEA STAR HEART URCHIN PEA CRAB CARIBBEAN SPINY LOBSTER VELVET SHRIMP VARIEGATED URCHIN(?)

18 18 Appendix F: Significant Cannon Corals Cannon 1 A B C Cannon 2 A B C Cannon 3 A B C Cannon 4 A B C

19 19 Cannon 5 A B C Cannon 6 Cannon 7 Cannon 7 A B A B C *Scale=10cm

20 20 Appendix G: Dendrogyra Cylindrus Locations Dendrogyra Colony Distance from Previous (ft) Heading from Previous Distance to Reef Edge (ft) #1 (Anchor->1) #2 (1->2) #3 (2->3) #4 (3->4) #5 (4->5) #13 (5->13) (off reef) 5 #14 (5->14) #8 (13->8) #10 (8->10) #12 (11->12) #11 (10->11) #7 (9->7) #6 (12->6) #9 (12->9) Note: Colonies are listed based on location from anchor along the reef as opposed to numerical order.

Lat: Long: Captain: Crew: Topside conditions: Cloud cover (%): Wind Spd & Dir: Wave height (ft):

Lat: Long: Captain: Crew: Topside conditions: Cloud cover (%): Wind Spd & Dir: Wave height (ft): Great Goliath Grouper Count: Survey Data Site name: Date: Dive# of day Lat: Long: Captain: Crew: Diver names: Topside conditions: Cloud cover (%): Wind Spd & Dir: Wave height (ft): Site type (check one):