HEALTH AND SAFETY MANUAL

Transcription

1 State of North Carolina Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Division of Waste Management Solid Waste Section HEALTH AND SAFETY MANUAL Revised January 5, 2015

2 2 FOREWORD This manual contains the health and safety standard operating and field guidelines used by the North Carolina Solid Waste Section. The specific procedures outlined are based on current health and safety laws and experiences of Section personnel over the years. This manual shall be made available to all Solid Waste Section (SWS) personnel. The manual serves as a resource for training new employees as well as a reference document. Each staff member is expected to be familiar with each section within this manual. It will be periodically reviewed and updated. Changes will be provided to each SWS staff personnel upon revision. Each member is responsible for keeping his/her manual current. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. SOLID WASTE SECTION SAFETY POLICY....4 II. PURPOSE..5 SECTION 1. HAZARDS BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS CHEMICAL EXPOSURE ELECTRICAL HAZARDS FIRE AND EXPLOSION ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS RADIATION NOISE AND VIBRATION OXYGEN DEFICIENT ATMOSPHERE SLIP, TRIP, FALLS, IMPACT, AND STRUCK-BY PRESSURE HAZARDS WORKPLACE VIOLENCE ERGONOMIC HAZARDS VISION HAZARDS CONFINED SPACES EXCAVATIONS (TRENCHES), UNSTABLE TERRAIN AND TEST PITS TRAFFIC HAZARDS WILDLIFE HAZARDS SECTION 2. EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN SECTION 3. OCCUPATIONAL HAZARD ASSESSMENT SECTION 4. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS- EXPOSURE CONTROL PLAN SECTION 5. SAFETY TRAINING... 21

3 5.01 HAZWOPER TRAINING (40 HOUR) HAZWOPER UPDATES SAFETY FOR SUPERVISORS OFFICE SAFETY FIRST AID, CPR, AND AUTOMATED EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATORS BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS TRAINING RESPONSIBILITY SAFETY TRACKING SPREADSHEET SECTION 6. MEDICAL MONITORING SECTION 7. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) LEVELS OF PROTECTION SECTION 8. SITE SAFETY PLANS SECTION 9. HAZARD COMMUNICATION AND SAFETY DATA SHEETS LIST OF CHEMICALS MAINTAINED BY SWS: SECTION 10. PERSONAL INJURY AND WORKERS COMPENSATION SECTION 11. FIELD WORK SAMPLING AND MONITORING EQUIPMENT STORAGE SAMPLING EQUIPMENT STAGING AREA BUDDY SYSTEMS INSPECTING AND VISITING OF SWS SITES INSPECTION OF LANDFILLS (MSW, LCID, C&D) INSPECTION OF LAND APPLICATION FIELDS: INSPECTION OF GROUND WATER AND METHANE MONITORING WELLS INSPECTION OF TRANSFER STATIONS INVESTIGATING ILLEGAL DUMP SITES RESPONDING TO SUSPECTED RADIATION SOURCES INSPECTING WASTE STORED IN TRAILERS SECTION 12. GUIDELINES FOR SPECIAL EQUIPMENT VEHICLE MOUNTED WINCH SECTION 13. SAMPLING SOIL SAMPLING WITH TROWELS SOIL SAMPLING WITH AUGERS SEDIMENT SAMPLING GROUND WATER SAMPLING AIR MONITORING METHANE MONITORING WELL SAMPLING DRUM AND UNKNOWN WASTE HANDLING AND SAMPLING

4 SECTION 14. CLEANING / DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES FOR FIELD EQUIPMENT 38 SECTION 15. DECONTAMINATION OF MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT SAMPLE TRAYS WATER LEVEL INDICATORS COOLERS WORK BOOTS KNEE LENGTH RUBBER BOOTS AND COVER BOOTS WADERS PERSONAL ITEMS DRINKING WATER COOLERS STATE VEHICLES REFERENCES Exposure Control Plan (Bloodborne Pathogens Program) Personal Protective Equipment Program (PPE) 4

5 I. SOLID WASTE SECTION SAFETY POLICY SWS management values the heath and welfare of employees and is fully committed to preventing occupational illnesses, injuries, and accidents. The policy of the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources-Solid Waste Section (SWS) is to provide safe and healthy working conditions free from all recognized hazards for employees and the visiting public. Total support is required by all the members of the SWS staff in complying with applicable regulations, the State of North Carolina s Safety and Occupation Health Program and other appropriate national and state consensus standards. This Policy and Manual applies equally to all SWS staff. It shall be the responsibility of the Division of Waste Management s Safety Consultant to maintain the Health and Safety Manual. 5

6 II. Purpose The purpose of this manual is to establish Standard Operating Guideline (SOGs) for the Solid Waste Section s Occupational Health and Safety Program. When reading the this manual, the following words should be defined: FIELD PERSONNEL - refers to all members of the SWS who s job duties require them to spend some work time, functioning in an out-of-the-office environment or requires occasional trips to site and facilities. This includes some members Planning and Program Management Branch, Field Staff, Permitting Branch, and Compost and Land Application Branch. The Positions include Safety Consultant, Environmental Engineers, Hydrogeologist, Soil Scientist, Environmental Senior Specialist, Environmental Biologist, Environmental Specialist.. ADMINISTRATIVE PERSONNEL- refers to staff members that spend no required work time outside of the normal office environment. These positions do not require medical monitoring and are not issued personal protective equipment. Positions deemed administrative include Branch Secretary, Processing Assistant (I,II, III, IV), Administrative Assistance, Section Chief, and Office Assistant. SITE - This term refers to any location, which field personnel must investigate. FACILITY - means any site regulated by the Solid Waste Section, in which staff members must inspect, monitor or evaluate. MEDICAL DIRECTION- refers to the contracted medical facility. NORMAL OFFICE ENVIROMENT- refers to the employee s duty station. 6

7 SECTION 1. HAZARDS As determined by the Occupational Hazard Assessment (Section 3.0), members of the Solid Waste staff may be exposed to health and safety concerns during the course of employment, any one of could result in serious injury or death. These hazards may be present during field visits to sites and facilities or in the normal office environment. Possible occupational hazards include but are not limited to: Biological Hazards Chemical Exposures Electrical Hazards Fire and Explosion Temperature Extremes Radiation Hazards Noise and Vibration Oxygen Deficiency Atmospheres Structural, Physical and Struck-by Hazards Pressure Hazards Workplace Violence Ergonomic Hazards Vision Hazards Confined Spaces Trenches, Excavations, and Unstable Terrain Traffic Hazards Wildlife Hazards Special Note on Solid Waste Sites and Facilities: Several factors distinguish a solid waste site/facility environment from other occupational situations. Uncontrolled or unidentified conditions exist at all solid waste sites and facilities. Another factor is the large variety and number of substances that may be present at a site/facility. Numerous chemicals and unknown substances are a possible threat on abandoned sites, particularly in the initial stages of an investigation. The combination of all these conditions results in a working environment that is characterized by varied hazards which: may pose an immediate danger to life and health (IDLH). may not be immediately obvious or identifiable. may vary according to the location and the task being performed. may change as site activity progress. General categories of hazards which may be present at a site/facility and in the normal work environment are described in this section. The Occupational Hazard Assessment for each position states what hazards one can reasonable expect to be present (see Section 3.0 Occupational Hazard Assessment). When performing work activities, it is prudent to assume hazards exist. A Site Specific Plan for sites and facilities should provide comprehensive information for protection against potential hazards and specific protection against individual known hazards (see Section 8.0 Site Specific Plans) BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS Biological hazards include bloodborne pathogens, bacteria, and viruses. Exposure may occur at all waste facilities but are most common at composting, medical waste 7

8 and special waste operations. All employees should take necessary precautions to avoid contact with biological hazards. Safe Operating Guidelines: Protective clothing and respiratory equipment can help reduce exposure. Washing hands and any exposed body parts to protect against infection. Avoid smoking or eating while biological hazards exist. Employees must wash hands and equipment after exposure with biological hazards CHEMICAL EXPOSURE Chemical exposures are generally divided into two categories: acute and chronic. Symptoms resulting from acute exposures usually occur during or shortly after exposure to a sufficiently high concentration of a contaminant. The term chronic exposure refers to exposure to low concentrations of a contaminant over a long period of time. The low concentration required to produce symptoms of chronic exposure depends upon the chemical, the duration of the exposure, and the frequency of exposures. For a given contaminant, the symptoms of an acute exposure may be completely different from those resulting from chronic exposure. Consult the NIOSH guidebook or MSDS for information on specific chemicals. Safe Operating Guidelines: Preventing exposure to chemicals is a primary concern at sites/facilities. Most sites/facilities contain a variety of chemical substances in gaseous, liquid, or solid form. These substances can enter the unprotected body by inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, or through a puncture wound (injection). A contaminant can cause damage at the point of contact or can act systematically, causing a toxic effect at another part of the body different from the initial contact. It is therefore important to protect the body from exposure. Common pathways into the body: INHALATION - The lungs are extremely vulnerable to chemical agents. Some toxic chemicals present in the atmosphere may not be detected by human senses (i.e. colorless, odorless), and toxic effects may not produce any immediate symptoms. Inhalation is the most common exposure path. ABSORPTION - Skin absorption is enhanced by abrasions, cuts, heat and moisture. Some chemicals directly enter the skin and pass into the bloodstream where they are transported to vulnerable organs. INGESTION - Although ingestion of chemicals is unlikely, personal habits such as chewing gum, using tobacco, drinking, eating, and applying cosmetics on site may contribute to exposures. Disposable gloves and washing hands following site activities can significantly reduce this route of entry. 8

9 INJECTION - Injection of a chemical can occur by stepping, tripping and falling onto contaminated sharp objects. Wearing puncture resistant safety shoes, avoiding physical hazards by donning appropriate personal protective equipment and taking precautions are important protective measures against exposure ELECTRICAL HAZARDS Two types of electrical hazards exist: employee contact with an electrically charged device or a situation that could result in fire. Examples include contact with overhead or downed power lines and buried cables, overuse of extension cords, overloaded electrical outlets, improperly grounded equipment all pose a danger of electrocution or fire. Safe Operating Guidelines Employees should never work directly with live electrical wiring. Extension cords should not serve as a substitute for permanent wiring; therefore, use should be limited to no more than 90 days. Using an extension cord in the field should be done with a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI). If an electrical hazard is observed while at a site or facility, notify site personnel immediately. Other precautions include the following: Surge protectors should only be used for devices needing surge protection. Surge protectors should be plugged directly into a permanently mounted outlet. GFCI s must be used in conjunction with power equipment and any outdoor work. Water should not be used on an electrical fire. Extension cords shall not be routed through holes, walls, ceilings, or floors. Any damaged extension cord or equipment shall be properly discarded. When collecting subsurface soil samples, underground utilities may present a hazard. When subsurface soil sampling is conducted, information on the location of the underground utilities must be obtained. This information is available by contacting NC ONE CALL at or 811. The call should be made 2-10 weeks before the site visit. The same information may be obtained from a facility employee or resident if available FIRE AND EXPLOSION Fire and Explosions may arise spontaneously at regulated and non-regulated sites/facilities as well as the office. Fire and Explosions not only pose an obvious hazard of intense heat, open flame, smoke inhalation, and flying objects, but may also cause the release of toxic chemicals into the environment. Whenever a fire is suspected, either at a regulated site/facility or in the office, notification of others (co-workers, visitors, and fire department) must be conducted. Notification can be achieved by activating an alarm system, voice, or phone. Employees are not 9

10 expected to use fire extinguishers. All employees are expected to exit the building or area. Safe Operating Guidelines: To protect against Fire and Explosion hazards only qualified personnel should monitor for explosive atmospheres and flammable vapors; keep all potential ignition sources away from an explosive or flammable environment; use non-sparking tools, eliminate use of extension cords; and follow safe practices when performing any task that might result in fire or explosions. Smoking is prohibited at all sites and facilities Environmental Conditions Heat Stress is defined as the net heat load on an employee based on temperature, humidity, metabolic cost of performing work, and clothing factors. Heat Stress is a major hazard for workers wearing protective clothing and equipment. Although there are recommendations for monitoring heat stress, results and prevention vary based on each individual s ability to tolerate heat. Excessive exposure to heat causes heat strain, rash, cramps, exhaustion, or stroke. These medical conditions are the body s reaction to heat stress. All personnel should be alert to the results of heat stress: Heat Rash- Decreased ability to tolerate heat, rash on the skin. Heat Cramps- Muscle spasm and pain in the extremities and abdomen. Heat Exhaustion- Shallow breathing, pale, cool, moist skin, profuse sweating, dizziness and nausea. Heat Stroke- Red, hot, dry skin, no perspiration, nausea, dizziness and confusion, convulsions, strong rapid pulse, coma. Immediate medical assistance must be obtained. Managing heat stress can be achieved by recognizing the signs of heat related medical conditions. When work must be done in uncomfortable heat, one person must be assigned to monitor the effects of heat. This may be done in addition to other duties. If an employee feels fatigued, weak, or lightheaded, they have the option of limiting their activities. The Safety Consultant or person supervising the job may end all work activities. COLD Field personnel subject to working outdoors in low temperatures may experience cold stress. The goal is to prevent the deep body temperature from reaching 96.8 F. Wind speed has a great effect on cold stress. Even some comfortable temperatures with the addition of wind can result in injury. Exposure to extreme cold for a short 10

11 time causes severe injury to the surface of the body. Areas of the body such as fingers, toes, and ears are the most susceptible to injury due to a high surface Symptoms of cold stress include Hypothermia- occurs when the body gets cold and loses heat faster than the body can make it. Symptoms include shivering, cold, pale, or blue-gray skin. Medical Aid should be provided according to standard first aid. Frost-nip- which is a type of frostbite is characterized by sudden blanching of the skin. Frostbite- is a freezing injury resulting from cold temperatures. As with heat extremes, employees have the option of limiting work. The Safety Consultant or person supervising may end all work activities RADIATION Radiation is energy transmitted through space in the form of waves or particles. Radiation can occur in two forms: ionizing and non-ionizing. The hazard associated with radiation is ionization, which is the process of adding of removing one or more electrons from atoms or molecules producing ions. Ionizing Radiationconsists of highly-energetic particles or waves that can detach (ionize) at least one electron from an atom or molecule. Ionizing ability depends on the energy of individual particles or waves, and not on their number. A large flood of particles or waves will not, in the most common situations, cause ionization if the individual particles or waves are not by themselves ionizing. Examples: alpha, beta, gamma, x-rays, neutrons, and ultraviolet light. High doses may produce severe skin or tissue damage. The most common form of ionizing radiation are alpha, beta particles, neutrons, X- rays, gamma. Of concern are alpha, beta, and gamma. Alpha radiation has limited 11

12 ability to penetrate the skin and is usually stopped by clothing. Alpha radiation poses little threat outside the body, but it can be harmful if materials that emit alpha are inhaled or ingested. Beta radiation can cause harmful beta burns to the skin. Beta radiation is also hazardous if materials that emit beta radiation are inhaled or ingested. Gamma radiation easily passes through clothing and human tissue and can also cause serious or permanent damage to the body. Non-Ionizing Radiationrefers to any type of electromagnetic radiation that does not carry enough energy per quantum to ionize atoms or molecules that is, to completely remove an electron from an atom or molecule. Safe Operating Guidelines Identify and Avoid areas containing radiation (look for signage and radiation symbols). When responding to sites, which have detected radiation sources, make appropriate notification to include Safety Consultant or Division of Radiation Protection NOISE and VIBRATION Working around equipment often creates excessive noise and / or vibration. Noise can decrease an employee attention to details and cause physical damage to the ear including temporary and/or permanent hearing loss. Excessive vibration can cause injury to joints and the spine. Safe Operating Guidelines Personnel should note any signs that require hearing protection. Use hearing protection only when exposure is necessary. If no hearing protection is available, employees must avoid loud equipment and areas. Field personnel are not to be exposed to a noise greater than 85dBA for 8 hours. If the task will require additional time and exposure, contact Safety Consultant for assistance. If exposure is necessary and noise levels can not be determined, contact the Safety Consultant. Employees must be mindful of emergency alarms and communication and take appropriate action. Hearing protection devices (muffs, inserts, foam inserts) will reduce the exposure by the NRR value. Be certain to apply the correction factor (NRR minus 7 divided by 2). 12

13 13 Permissible Exposure without Protection Hours Per Day dba Hours Per Day dba ½ ½ OXYGEN DEFICIENT ATMOSPHERE Oxygen deficiency may result from the displacement of oxygen by another gas or the consummation by fire. The oxygen content of normal air at sea level is approximately 21 percent. Physiological effects of oxygen deficiency in humans are readily apparent when the oxygen concentration in the air decreases to 19.5 percent. Affects include impaired attention, judgment and coordination, and increased breathing/ heart rate. Safe Operating Guidelines Only qualified field personnel will monitor oxygen levels. If oxygen concentrations drop below 19.5% by volume, all personnel should evacuate. No employee shall enter a confine space SLIP, TRIP, FALLS, IMPACT, and STRUCK-BY The normal work environment contains numerous safety hazards such as: Holes or ditches Precariously positioned objects, such as drums, boards or boxes that may fall from overhead storage. Sharp objects, such as nails, metal shards, and broken glass. Slippery surfaces Steep grades Uneven terrain Unstable surfaces, such as walls or flooring. Heavy equipment such as tractors, forklifts and conveyer belts Impact hazards (protruding objects, moving objects, falling objects) File cabinets left opened or unstable Loading Docks that are not guarded. Fall protection required if loading dock is greater than 4 feet. If you can fall more than 4 feet, Fall Protection is required either railings or harness. If task must be completed and no railings are provided, contact Safety Consultant for assistance. Safe Operating Guidelines Upon the observance of a safety hazard, employees must take action to prevent injury. Action that can be taken includes: removing or eliminating exposure to the hazard if it can be done safely; advising the Safety Consultant; finding another way to complete the task; or remain in the area to caution others till assistance arrives.

14 Personnel should constantly look out for potential safety hazards and should immediately inform their supervisor and the Safety Consultant of any new hazards so that mitigating action can be taken PRESSURE HAZARDS Fieldwork may involve exposure to pressure vessels such as high-pressure cylinders, industrial boilers, or Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA). To guard against pressure hazards the following is recommended: All cylinders shall be secured to prevent them from falling. SCBA bottles, when not in use shall be kept from falling. Work near Industrial Boilers should be limited as needed to perform site inspections WORKPLACE VIOLENCE Workplace violence is defined as acts, behavior, or threats that occur in the workplace or are related to workplace. Such acts are harmful or potentially harmful to people, property, or organizational capabilities. Situations that could occur include: Co-workers having a physical disagreement. Outsider entering the work environment with intention to harm. Site employees disagree with DWM employees. Outsider who may have a personal relationship with an employee enters the workplace. Safe Operating Procedures Upon the discovery of workplace violence, the safety and wellbeing of others must be protected. If the welfare of others is threatened, as deemed by any employee, a call for assistance must be made. This call may be for a supervisor or the Police. At no time is an employee expected to risk their personal safety or those around him ERGONOMIC HAZARDS Ergonomics is a multidisciplinary science that endeavors to conform the workplace to the worker. This may include specially designed workplace equipment that adjusts to the worker and the evaluation, elimination or reduction of workplace stressors. The HWS/BP recognizes that poorly designed workstations may result in productivity losses. Should the employee suffer strain due to the physical work environment, an ergonomic study will be conducted to determine if equipment changes can be made to minimize stressors associated with workplace demands. To assist with proper workstation design, refer to the Computer Workstation Checklist at the end of the manual. Contact the Safety or IH consultant for more information and assistance. 14

15 1.13 VISION HAZARDS Vision hazards exist in the following situations: Work activities producing airborne particles (grinding, cutting, and drilling). Work near others that are producing airborne particles including dust or flying particles. Work with liquids causing injury if contact to the eye is made. Wear Safety goggles not safety glasses. Work in environments involving lasers or intense light Safe Operating Procedures: When work requires exposure to such situations or when the employee has reason to believe the hazard will exist, the donning of safety glasses or goggles is required. Vision hazards most often occur during site/facility inspections. The employee should ask if work producing the hazard could be temporarily stopped while inspection work is completed. Safety goggles must be when there is potential for liquid splashes CONFINED SPACES During fieldwork, including site/ facility visits, inspections, and sampling activities, employees may be exposed to confined spaces. The term confined space is defined as (1) a space large enough and so configured that an employee can bodily enter and perform assigned work and (2) has limited or restricted means for entry or exit (for example, tanks, vessels, silos, storage bins, hoppers, vaults, and pits are spaces that may have limited means of entry) and (3) is not designed for continuous employee occupancy. The danger associated with confine spaces involves limited egress, oxygen deficiency, and the potential for hazardous atmospheres. Due to low ventilation, flammable gases, vapors, or mist may accumulate creating a hazardous atmosphere. OSHA has an expanded definition of Confine Spaces called Permit Required Confine Space. Because no DWM employee shall enter a Confine Space, this definition is not applicable and therefore not included. Safe Operating Guidelines When such an area is either identified by signage or by fitting this definition, the employee is to ensure the site or facility has a Confined Space Program before continuing with the inspection or site visit. However, an employee shall not enter any confined space or break the plane of entry (closer than four feet). If the site is abandon, the employee is to conduct work in areas which would not expose him/her to a confined space EXCAVATIONS (TRENCHES), UNSTABLE TERRAIN AND TEST PITS An excavation is any man-made cut, cavity, trench, or depression in an earth surface that is formed by earth removal. Unstable terrains are defined as land areas 15

16 having the potential for landslides due to erosion and/or poorly compacted soil. Test Pits shall be defined as any excavation used to determine if objects are buried, evaluate geological structure and/or environmental contamination. The primary hazard of excavations, unstable terrains, and test pits is employee injury from cave in, fall, or slide. Soil analysis is important in order to determine appropriate sloping, benching, and shoring. Employees should look for evidence of erosion or cracking as an indication of unstable terrain. Additional hazards include working with heavy machinery; manual handling of materials; working in proximity to traffic; electrical hazards from overhead and underground power-lines; underground utilities; and the potential of hazardous atmospheres. Safe Operating Guidelines Never shall an employee enter an excavation greater than 3 feet deep due to potential for injury. If entry is necessary to collect environmental samples, an alternative sample collection method should be utilized. Such methods include reach poles, rope, or collecting the sample from the excavator s bucket. Test Pit Guidelines 1. Advise Health and Safety Consultant, if unsure. 2. Ensure area to be excavated is free of underground utilities (electrical, water, phone, gas). Call the NC One-Call Center at 811 at least two working days in advance to have utilities located. 3. All removed earth should be located at least two feet from the edge of the excavation. 4. Employee shall never be within 2 feet of the excavation s edge. This distance shall be increased if the soil is wet, not well compacted (sand or loamy soil), or machinery is operating. 5. If employee is unable to see into the excavation, then the excavation shall be sloped as necessary. Again the employee shall not be within two feet of the excavation s edge. 6. If the excavation is left unattended, it must be marked on all sides with some type of barrier (machines, tape) TRAFFIC HAZARDS In the course of investigating complaints and other sites, employees may be exposed to automobile traffic or construction equipment. Safe Operating Guidelines: When working in or in close proximity to roadways (including public and private), employees shall don traffic reflective vest and use traffic control devices such as cones and barriers or flashing warning light. Employees must don a reflective vest 16

17 when in close proximity to the roadway, construction and other equipment. All vehicles should be parked so not to obstruct the flow of traffic or create a hazard itself. If personal vehicles are used, the vehicle must be parked near-by and the employee should walk to investigate the complaint. Additional warning devices are required when working along the roadside. Therefore, at no time shall the employee s vehicle seat along the roadway without additional warning devices operating. If the task cannot be completed within thirty minutes, contact safety consultant for additional assistance. If employee is called to an emergency scene at night, don traffic vest and stay in areas not exposed to vehicle traffic WILDLIFE HAZARDS Field employees are at risk from exposure to all types of animals, their waste products and carcasses. Rodents and other animals can harbor disease-causing agents very harmful to humans. Care should be taken to avoid all wild animals and domestic animals that have the potential to harm you. To avoid injuries associated with rodents and other animals observe the following guidelines: Safe Operating Guidelines 1. Be aware of your surroundings and note any wild or suspicious animals in your work area. If necessary, seek safe shelter. 2. Avoid reaching or stepping into or over hidden areas that may contain such animals. 3. When working with soil, be aware of signs that indicate above or below ground animal nests and take appropriate action to prevent contamination by dust or injury from bites. 4. If an animal bite occurs, seek any needed medical attention. Immediately report the incident to your supervisor and Safety Consultant. 5. Transport any bite victim to the nearest medical provider or request medical assistance. 6. Avoid direct contact with bird, bat and other animal droppings. Areas where birds and bats roost should be avoided or appropriate respiratory protection shall be used. 7. Avoid direct contact with animal blood. Wear gloves if contact with animal blood can not be prevented. Wash hands thoroughly with an antibacterial soap after disposal of rubber gloves and before eating, drinking or smoking. 8. Snake chaps should be worn if snake activity is suspected. 17

18 SECTION 2. EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN The term emergency shall be defined as a situation that is life threatening or can quickly become life threatening. This Health and Safety Manual recognizes the potential for emergency situations including fire, natural causes (severe storms and tornadoes), medical emergencies, workplace violence, and bomb threats/suspicious packages. This section is intended to establish a course of action for each emergency situation. The section applies to the normal office environment. Employees working in the field should follow emergency procedures for that site or facility as indicated on the Site Safety Plan. FIRE & ALARMS In the event of fire alarm activation or the discovery of a fire in the building, all occupants should immediately begin exiting the building. Exits are provided at the center and either end of the building. Guests and employees not assigned to Green Square should exit with the presenter or meeting organizer to a designated assembly location. MEDICAL In the event someone becomes ill or is in need of immediate medical attention, call First Aid Kits and defibrillators are located on each floor. SEVERE WEATHER In the event of severe weather, all building occupants should seek refuge in the restrooms, east stairwell, and/or mothers room (first floor). WORKPLACE VIOLENCE In the event of a threat to the building or employee, contact the local law enforcement by calling

19 SECTION 3. OCCUPATIONAL HAZARD ASSESSMENT (SEE PERSONAL PROTECTION EQUIPMENT REFERENCE) A safety analysis of each position has been conducted to determine what hazards an employee will reasonable encounter. A copy of the assessment is reviewed with the employee and is located in each employee s file. 19

20 SECTION 4. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS- EXPOSURE CONTROL PLAN SWS Employees may be exposed to Bloodborne Pathogens when visiting any SWS facility. The Occupation Safety and Health Administration s standard 29 CFR requires each employer having an employee(s) with reasonably anticipated contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials establish a written Exposure Control Plan. See Exposure Control Plan for more information. 20

21 SECTION 5. SAFETY TRAINING All Solid Waste Section staff shall receive training related to their job responsibilities. The introductory training for new employees will consist of the following: 1. Fundamentals of the Health and Safety Program. 2. Emergency procedures and evacuation. 3. Recognition of common workplace hazards. 4. Workstation set-up. 5. Training requirements. 6. Online safety training and safety website. ALERT: Supervisors should contact the Safety Consultant as soon as the employee accepts their new position to ensure all training requirements are met in a timely manner. Before an employee can conduct field work, the following must be completed: 1. Receive medical approval. 2. Complete all required online training. 3. Review safety equipment with supervisor or Safety Consultant. 4. Complete a 24 or 40 hour HAZWOPER course. 5. Be supervised for the first three site visits. Various safety classes will be offered several times a month. The Occupational Hazard Assessment will determine what classes are needed depending on the position and exposure to hazards. Field Employees: must complete a DWM approved 40-hour HAZWOPER course before conducting field visits. Additionally, field employees shall complete an annual eight-hour Hazwoper Class Update. Hazwoper is divided into two parts A and B; both sections must be completed. Administrative Employees must complete the Office Safety Class every 14 months. Supervisors must complete Safety for Supervisors at time of hire and as needed. First Aid/CPR certification should be maintained by Compliance Branch and Brownfield Staff members. First Aid/CPR will be optional to other employees. CLASS HAZWOPER UPDATE PART A HAZWOPER UPDATE PART B First Aid/ CPR Safety for Supervisors Office Safety TIME 4 hours 4 hours 8 hours 3 hours 4 hours 21

22 5.01 HAZWOPER TRAINING (40 Hour) The topics covered in the 40 hour training course include: the fundamentals of hazard recognition; toxicology; use and limitations of direct-reading air monitoring instrumentation; the selection, use and limitation of personal protective equipment; and safety guides and procedures for conducting response operations. After completing the 40-hour training course, the new employee will spend a minimum of three days in the field under the direct supervision of a trained, experienced supervisor or co-worker (appointed by H&S Officer). New employees who have completed a 24-hour Hazwoper course may complete a 16-hour Bridge course to achieve 40-hour certification HAZWOPER UPDATES All employees who complete the 40 or 24 hour 29 CFR HAZWOPER class MUST BE re-certified each year through an 8-hour course (29 CFR (e) (8)). Training sessions meeting this requirement will be offered through the Safety Consultant throughout the year. Hazwoper Update training is divided between Parts A and B. By the end of the training year (September 30) each employee is to have completed the necessary classes SAFETY FOR SUPERVISORS This class will introduce SWS supervisors on their responsibilities with regarded to employee safety. Topics include: performance reviews, worker s compensation, and safe work practices OFFICE SAFETY All SWS employees who are not required to take the HAZWOPER update, must participate in the Office Safety class consisting of: Hazardous Communication, Fire Safety, Emergency Action Plan, and Slip, Trips, Falls, and Ergonomics. (NOTE: Those that complete Parts A and B of HAZWOPER, will receive training on Office Safety topics) 5.05 FIRST AID, CPR, and AUTOMATED EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATORS Training is provided so medical assistance can be rendered during fieldwork where advanced assistance may not be readily available. Training will be open to all staff members on a voluntary basis. Field staff employees should maintain certification. The first aid certification must be renewed every 3 years, and the CPR certification must be renewed every 2 years. Automated External Defibrillator training is included during the CPR updates. Only trained personals may render aid include the Automated External Defibrillator. See DENR s Policy on Automated External Defibrillator purchase, operation, and maintenance BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS 22

23 In accordance with 29 CFR , the Bloodborne Pathogens Standard, any staff member who may incur occupational exposure to blood or other potentially infectious material should be trained in exposure determination on an annual basis TRAINING RESPONSIBILITY The responsibility for ensuring that all employees receive the required safety training is shared jointly by each SWS employee, their supervisor, and the Safety Consultant. It is each employee s responsibility to keep track of what classes they have completed. In the event a field staff employee s required training expires, the individual will not be allowed to conduct field activities. The individual and their supervisor will be notified by memo of the change in status. Upon the successful completion of the required training, the person and their supervisor will be notified by memo of their return to fieldwork status SAFETY TRACKING SPREADSHEET Completion of training classes is indicated on the Safety Tracking Spreadsheet. All required classes are listed along with the completion date. 23

24 SECTION 6. MEDICAL MONITORING Each employee of SWS, except administrative personnel, who in the performance of their duties encounter situations or materials which might have an adverse effect on life, health, or personal well being, are required to participate in the medical surveillance program. The purpose is to ensure that exposure to materials have no adverse health effects. To ensure a valid medical determination is made, the SWS contracted the Occupational Health Service of Duke University Medical Center and Occupational Health in Asheville. Only members of the Field Operations Branch (Field Personnel) receive annual medical monitoring due to continued exposure during field operations. Staff of the Land Application Branch will be offered a Hepatitis A vaccination. Other members as deemed by the Occupational Hazard Assessment will receive an initial and exit physical. Examinations consist of the following evaluations, tests, and/or procedures as a minimum: Required: Complete medical and occupational history. Complete physical examination. Audiogram Complete blood count, urinalysis, chemistry 12 panel. Base line EKG on initial visit. Immunization update (tetanus, Hepatitis A and B) Optional: per MD or PA request Chest X-ray EKG on annual visits Stress Test The medical and diagnostic results will be confidential between physician and employee. However, a Health Recommendation Form (HRF), which includes the employee s name, date, and whether the employee has any job limits, will be kept on file with the Safety Consultant. 24

25 SECTION 7. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) (See also Personal Protective Equipment Plan) In the course of employment, SWS personnel may be exposed to hazards that can not be controlled or eliminated through administrative and engineering controls. Personal Protective Equipment will be issued in the event a hazard cannot be controlled or eliminated. To determine what hazards are present, an Occupational Hazards Assessment (see Section 3) will be completed. Personnel shall be trained in the use, selection, donning and doffing, proper care/ maintenance, and limitations of personal protective equipment (see Training Section 5). All employees shall demonstrate the proper wearing of PPE before equipment is issued. Respirators are to be used in accordance with the Respiratory Protection Program. Upon completion of employee orientation, initial medical exam, and physician s approval, personnel may be assigned: Tyvex Suite NIOSH Chemical Guide Hard Hat Type II First Aid Kit Hearing Protection Binoculars Hand Sanitizer Eye wash unit Safety Glasses Chemical Gloves Chemical Resistant Over Boots Reflective Traffic Safety Vest Safety Shoes (steel toe/pr) Nitrile Gloves (box) These items should be kept and maintained by the employee. In accordance with 29 CFR , each employee s PPE will be inspected at least once a year. This inspection will occur during Part B of the 8-hour refresher course or at other announced times. Hazwoper Part A refresher course review of: -When PPE is necessary, What PPE is necessary, How to Properly don, doff, adjust, and wear PPE, Limitations of PPE, Proper care, maintenance, useful life and disposal of PPE LEVELS OF PROTECTION The following is a description of the different Levels of Protection and types of Personal Protective Equipment required by each level as required by OSHA 29 CFR : LEVEL A - The highest level of protection, provides the greatest amount of skin, respiratory, and direct contact security. The protective equipment recommended for Level A protection consists of positive pressure, full-facepiece, self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or positive-pressure supplied air respirator with an escape SCBA approved by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), along with a totally-encapsulating chemical-resistant suit, coveralls*, long underwear*, inner and outer chemical-resistant gloves, chemical-resistant safety boots with steel toe and 25

26 steel shank, hard hat (under suit)*, disposable protective suit, gloves and boots (depending on suit construction, may be worn over totally-encapsulating suit.) LEVEL B - Provides the same level of respiratory protection, but less skin protection than Level A. This is the minimum level of protection generally required for entry to a site with unknown hazards. The protective equipment recommended for Level B protection consists of a positive-pressure, full face piece SCBA or positivepressure, supplied-air respirator with escape SCBA, hooded chemical resistant clothing, coveralls*, inner an outer chemical-resistant gloves, chemical-resistant safety boots and/or shoes with a steel toe and shank, chemical-resistant boots covers, a hard hat, and a face shield *. LEVEL C - Provides the same level of skin protection as Level B, but a lower level of respiratory protection. Level C is the only level where an Air Purifying Respirator (APR) may be used. The protective equipment recommended for Level C protection consists of a full-face or half-mask APR (NIOSH approved), hooded chemical-resistant clothing, coveralls*, inner and outer chemical-resistant gloves, chemical-resistant safety boots and/or shoes with a steel toe and shank, chemical-resistant boot covers*, hard hat*, face shield *, and an escape SCBA*. LEVEL D - Provides for no respiratory protection and minimum skin protection. This level essentially describes standard work clothes, and should only be worn in areas where there is no possibility of contact with hazardous contamination. For Level D protection, the protective equipment protection consists of coveralls*, gloves*, safety boots and/or shoes with a steel toe and shank, chemical-resistant boot covers*, safety glasses or chemical splash*, hard hat*, face shield *. * Optional, if applicable or needed SWS PERSONNEL ARE REQUIRED TO DON LEVEL D PROTECTION ON ALL FACILITY AND SITE VISITS 26

27 SECTION 8. SITE SAFETY PLANS The Site Specific Plan (SSP) is required under 29 CFR (d), and establishes procedures designed to protect employees and the public from the potential hazards posed during on-site investigations. The SSP must be developed and in writing before activities proceed, and will be modified as needed for each action. The Safety Consultant completes the Site Specific Plan (SSP). The SSP must identify anticipate and potential hazards of a site/facility, determine the risks of exposure, and establish control methods for those exposures. The Safety Consultant reviews the available site information and determines what hazards may be present, gathers data on these hazards and considers disposal practices and site conditions. Physical features of the site/facility such as size, terrain, soil type, groundwater levels, and location of surface water are critical in developing an appropriate SSP. This information is used to determine the risk of exposure and develop control methods that may be discussed further at safety meetings and inspection periods. Each SSP will list general properties, health hazards, and other pertinent information within the proximity of activities performed by field personnel. Also, the SSP lists emergency information and phone numbers (i.e. ambulance, hospital, police, fire department), fire and emergency signals, and site evacuation plans to be reviewed (See Appendix #2). A SSP is required before any abandon facility investigations, a facility which lacks a health and safety program, and all sampling events. The Safety Consultant may wish to assess the site along with the initial inspector to view potential hazards. If there is any question on whether a site requires a SSP, check with the Safety Consultant. 27

28 SECTION 9. HAZARD COMMUNICATION and SAFETY DATA SHEETS Hazard Communication is intended to communicate the hazards of chemicals an employee may be exposed to during the course of employment. The Hazard Communication program shall be the responsibility of the Safety Consultant. This Program is intended to communicate hazards of chemicals used solely be the Solid Waste Section. If employees have questions about chemical while conducting inspections and site visits, they should consultant the facility contact. Labeling: All chemicals must be received with a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). To communicate the hazard, the workplace shall use original SDS and Labels. All substances shall remain in their original container. The Safety Consultant shall label any chemical that must be transferred to another container i.e. for fieldwork. The new container shall be label in accordance with the SDS and labels supplied with the chemical. The Safety Consultant shall update the Labeling system at times deemed necessary to reflect changes in the workplace. MSDS A copy of the SDS for the chemicals used by the SWS can be found in the Tillery Street Lab and the Safety Consultant s office. The SDS are not to be removed from these locations. If the SDS does not accompany the chemical upon arrival, the chemical will not be accepted and will be returned to the shipper. Only the SDS will be used to gain information about the chemical. The Safety Consultant inspect at least monthly to ensure all SDSs are available. Training The Safety Consultant shall conduct all Hazardous Communication training. All employees must complete HazCom training. No interaction with chemicals shall be allowed until training has been conducted. Training shall be conducted initially, annually, and whenever a new chemical is introduced to the workplace covering these topics: HazCom Standard (29 CFR ) Methods to detect chemicals Physical and health hazards of chemicals Personal Protection Labeling, reading MSDS information, Updating SDS Where to get information Safe Work Practices Non routine tasks Effectiveness and Safety Training Hazard Communication training will be conducted during Hazwoper Part A. Class format will consist of classroom/instructor lead and audiovisual supplements. Whenever a new 28

29 chemical is introduced to the workplace environment, a hazard review shall be completed to ensure the product will satisfy the need with minimum health and safety effects List of Chemicals Maintained by SWS: Alconox HAZCOM Pictograms: 29

30 SECTION 10. PERSONAL INJURY and WORKERS COMPENSATION The environment and activities performed at SWS sites and facilities make the possibility of injuries and emergencies a continual possibility. These events can be avoided by identifying all hazards and following safe work practices. Incident Reporting In the event of an employee injury or damage to state property, the following steps must be taken: 1. Remove yourself and/or additional personnel from any immediately hazardous situation. 2. Apply first aid as needed. For life threatening injuries, seek medical attention immediately. 3. For non-life threatening injuries and/or damage to state property, promptly contact immediate supervisor. 4. The supervisor should contact the Division s Safety Consultant for additional guidance, if needed. The supervisor is responsible for investigating the incident; assistance will be provided as needed. 5. A drug and alcohol test should be preformed if anyone is injured. Refer to the safety website for the closest location. If medical attention is necessary, contact your supervisor and Safety Consultant for a medical authorization form. If immediate emergency attention is needed go to the closest hospital and inform the attending staff this is a workers compensation claim. Ask staff to contact the Safety Consultant THE EMPLOYEE MUST CONTACT THEIR SUPERVISOR IMMEDIATELY. If asked by the medical staff, the bill for treatment will be sent to: Brian Polk Division of Waste Management 217 West Jones Street Raleigh, NC Under no circumstances will the employee get treatment by displaying his/her private Insurance. Doing so may result in the employee paying the bill out of his/her pocket. 30