UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering M.Sc.(Eng) in building services MEBS Utilities Services
|
|
- Vivien Bates
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 EXAMPLE A regular multi-tenant office building is served by lifts with RTT of 120s. The building effective population is 400 persons and each car has a contract capacity of 8 passengers. Calculate the required number of lifts, comment on the quality of service. Answer From CIBSE table 3.2, take the arrival rate as 15%, so %POP = 400 x 0.15 = 60 person / 5 minutes 60 L = = say 4 Therefore this building should be equipped with 4 such lifts 120 As interval is = 30 4 so the quality of service is satisfactory. K.F. Chan (Mr.) Db of 2 Page Db 1 of 12
2 Contract Speed Speed is generally not a dominant factor in the RTT equation but it does become significant if the served floors are in an upper zone where a higher speed will permit the un-served zone to be more rapidly traversed. Recommended Contract Speed Lift travel with J=0, m (number of floors) Speed, m/s Building Usage Luxury flats Offices Bed lifts 0.25 to (3) (4) 15 (4) (6) 20 (6) (8) 32 (10) (12) 50 (15) (30) 100 (30) - There is no theoretical upper limit to lift rated speed and it does not affect passenger comfort. But it is limited by practical factors such as the maximum sheave diameter, rope-bending radius, rope wear, safety etc. Moreover, it is important to limit the acceleration to approximately 1.2 m/s² in order to provide a good ride quality. The HK Fire Services Department stipulates that all fireman lifts must be able to travel to the highest floor from the fire control entrance level in 60 seconds. Number of lifts A general rule of thumb for office building of floor area 1,000m 2 per floor and arrival rate>15%, is :- Good service Average service Poor service One lift per 2 floors One lift per 3 floors One lift per 5 floors K.F. Chan (Mr.) Db of 2 Page Db 2 of 12
3 Design sequence The design sequence for sizing a lift system for its uppeak performance is :- a) Determine population per floor b) Determine if Express Lifts are required c) Select number of zones and their respective floors (suggest each zone serving 200 to 400 persons, and zones may have unequal number of floors) Then for each zone d) Find arrival rate, work out 5-minute uppeak demand. e) Find J f) Find N g) Select contract speed, acceleration, and deceleration. h) Select P i) Find H and S j) Use H/S as average jump (average flight) k) Calculate RTT l) Calculate 5-minute uppeak handling capacity per lift m) In conjunction with the 5-minute arrival rate, determine number of lifts, L n) Calculate the UPPINT and other parameters o) Counter check if UPPINT and %POP are within the recommendation of table 3.2 of CIBSE Guide D p) If meeting constraints and specification, proceed to other zones. If not OK, iteration. Finally q) Check if the capital and running costs are acceptable. K.F. Chan (Mr.) Db of 2 Page Db 3 of 12
4 Example on number of lifts UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG A lift system is to be designed for a 20-storey high regular multi-tenancy office building. Area of each floor is 450m 2, with interfloor height of 3.5m. It can be assumed that the occupancy is 9m 2 /person with daily occupancy of 90% only. What will be a suitable number of lifts? Answer 450 There are = 50 persons/floor 9 Total population is 50 x 20 = 1,000 persons Effective population is thus 1000 x 90% = 900 persons. Assume 15% arrival rate in the 5-minute peak (from CIBSE Guide D table 3.2) the arrival rate will thus be 900 x 15% = 135 persons / 5 minutes For average quality of service, UPPINT is 30 seconds. So there shall be minimum in the peak 5-minutes. Each trip is to take should be = 16.8, say 16 persons. 300 = 10 trips = 13.5 persons. Thus rated capacity 10 For average quality of service, there should be one lift per 3 floors, say 6 lifts in this building. Now from table 3.7 of CIBSE Guide D, for lift travel of 3.5 x 20 = 70m, let s take contract speed as 3.15m/s with acceleration of 1m/s 2. So initial design is 6 lifts each of 16 persons rated capacity, 3.15m/s contract speed and acceleration of 1m/s 2. K.F. Chan (Mr.) Db of 2 Page Db 4 of 12
5 Remarks The standard lift traffic design uses the uppeak calculation, i.e. with only an up flow of passengers, to determine the likely performance of a lift system. It is generally accepted that if the uppeak traffic pattern is sized correctly all other traffic patterns with also be adequately served. (#) Fortunately it can be shown that a lift system possesses 50% more handling capacity during down peak than uppeak. This is because during down-peak a lift car fills at 3, 4 or 5 floors and then makes an express run to the main terminal. (#) Exceptions:- hotel at meal times, hospitals at visiting times, buildings with trading floors (insurance company, stock markets). Unequal interfloor distance In case of unequal floor distances, and if condition permits, the rule of thumb is to add together the incremental floor distances, extra to the standard interfloor height, multiply by 2 to account for both directions of travel, and divide by the rated speed to obtain the additional RTT. K.F. Chan (Mr.) Db of 2 Page Db 5 of 12
6 Example on RTT and number of lifts A multi-tenant prestige office has 50 floors above the ground floor. Each floor is 1000m 2 in area. The daily occupancy rate is 90%. The ground floor has a height of 7m; height of 1 st floor to 4 th floor is 5m each. The 24 th floor is a mechanical floor with a height of 3m only. Floor height of the other floors is all 3.5m. 36 th to 50 th floor are grouped into a high zone served by 4 lifts each of contract capacity of 16 persons, 8m/s contract speed, 1m/s 2 acceleration and deceleration. The lift door is biparting type, 0.8m wide, advance opening control is employed. a. Calculate the round trip time, and the % population served in the 5-minute uppeak period with this lift installation. b. Are 4 lifts sufficient for this zone? If not, recommend number of lifts. Answer When no data is available, population can be estimated from table 3.1 of the CIBSE Guide D. In this case let us assume that the occupancy is 15m 2 per person. With 90% daily occupancy rate, the occupancy per floor is = The total population in the zone is thus 60x15=900pax Table 3.2 of CIBSE Guide D recommends that the arrival rate in the 5-minute uppeak period to be taken as 17%, so the handling capacity in that 5-minute uppeak period should not be less than 900x0.17=153pax a) The probable number of stops and highest reversal floor can be calculated by the following formula: S = N N P S ( ) = = 8.8 K.F. Chan (Mr.) Db of 2 Page Db 6 of 12
7 H = N N 1 i = 1 i N P For N=15, CC=16, H=14.3 from table 2.13 of CIBSE Guide D The floor to floor height from G/F up to 35 th floor is 7 + (4-1+1)x5 + (24-5)x (35-25)x3.5 = 131.5m This is the distance the lift express travels before reaching the zone served. The unequal floor distance for G/F and 24 th floor will be accounted for in the time to jump to first stop and in the time to express return back to main terminal floor in the calculation below. RTT = time to jump to first stop + time to jump from first stop to subsequent stops then to highest reversal floor + time to express return from highest reversal floor to main terminal floor + door operating times + passenger transfer times Now it is obvious that the lift is able to reach contract speed in the first jump because v a H J + d f S <. Time to jump to first stop is a H J + d v S + a v f = = 25.15s Again, it is obvious that lift is unable to reach contract speed in subsequent jumps because H d f v S >. Time for jumping subsequent stops is a a K.F. Chan (Mr.) Db of 2 Page Db 7 of 12
8 ( S 1 ) 2 H d S a f = ( 8.8 1) = 37.2s 1 UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG Furthermore, as the lift is able to reach contract speed in its jump to the first stop so it is more than obvious that the lift is able to reach contract speed in the return to main terminal floor (or we can check if v a ( J + H ) d f < ). Time to express return to G/F is a ( J H ) v + + a v d f ( ) = = 30.69s From table 3.8 of CIBSE Guide D, the door opening and closing time can be taken as 0.5s and 2s respectively. Door operating times is thus ( S +1 )( t o + t c ) = ( )( ) =24.5s Passenger loading and unloading time can be taken as 1.2s for each passenger according to CIBSE Guide D. Therefore, total passenger transfer time becomes = 30.72s ( P )( t l + t u ) = ( )( ) Thus RTT = =148.3s For 4 lifts, number of passengers served in the 5-minute uppeak period is = 103pax The percentage population served in the 5-minute uppeak interval is thus 103 = 11.5% 900 K.F. Chan (Mr.) Db of 2 Page Db 8 of 12
9 b) With 4 lifts, the number of passengers served during the 5-minute uppeak period is only 103pax. This is lower than the 153pax calculated above thus not acceptable. Furthermore, table 3.2 of CIBSE Guide D recommends an interval of 20 25s. With 4 lifts, the uppeak interval is =37.1s, this is also considered to be longer than the recommended interval for a prestige 4 multi-tenant office. The number of lifts should be increased to 153 ( ) = 6 lifts Moreover, with 6 lifts, the uppeak interval is reduced to recommendation of 20 25s, thus acceptable =24.7. This is within the 6 K.F. Chan (Mr.) Db of 2 Page Db 9 of 12
10 Average number of passengers re-visited UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG The average number of passengers carried per trip is generally assumed by the industry to be 80% of the rated car capacity. There are other justifications for this 80% assumption:- a) Circulation problems within the car (e.g. passengers at the back of a crowded car always wish to exit at the first stop!) causing delays to the car s journey. b) Obstruction of doors (e.g. collision of doors with passengers bodies and items carried) thus causing delays owing to door recycling. c) Statistical effects: a facility which must respond to a demand will respond more quickly if it is only loaded to 80% of its capacity. d) Claustrophobic effects: i.e. passengers dislike of crowded conditions. Computer analysis confirms that (c) is a plausible reason. To avoid passengers being left behind a queue to wait for the next lift, it is necessary to assume a lower than 100% utilization factor for car occupancy. This assumption arises as statistical theory tells that, as the utilization of a facility increases towards its maximum, the probability of immediate availability of that facility reduces. Therefore to achieve maximum utilization of a facility it is necessary to have a queue of applicants waiting (like an airport) However this is not considered satisfactory for a lift system. Therefore, the design utilization has to be lower than 100% to accommodate for statistical variations. The probability of the immediate use of a facility is shown diagrammatically in the following figures with respect to system utilization. As system utilization increases, the probability of a passenger being left behind increases, until at 100% utilization there is a high probability of being left behind to queue. The shape of the curve has been shown to apply to such diverse facilities such as access to a telephone line, availability of a lavatory, a free bank teller, etc. (Figure adopted from Fig. 3.5 of CIBSE Guide D) (Figure adopted from Barney, Elevator traffic handbook, theory and practice) The shape of the solid curve indicates the wisdom of selecting an 80% car loading as a design criterion. Usually, the 80% point is considered to be the knee of the curve for most system utilization judgments (c.f. Pareto analysis) Values less than 80% do not fully utilize the installation, and values above 80% quickly result in poor service times. K.F. Chan (Mr.) Db of 2 Page Db 10 of 12
11 ,% (Table adopted from CIBSE Guide D) K.F. Chan (Mr.) Db of 2 Page Db 11 of 12
12 Effect of traffic supervisory system The conventional calculation procedure based on the RTT expression requires that lifts present themselves at the main terminal evenly spaced by a period of time equal to one interval. 2 factors can upset this situation:- 1) As shown in the following figure, the uppeak 5 minutes is part of a continuous process. Hence lifts will already be transporting passengers at the onset of the uppeak. As a result lifts will tend to be randomly dispersed around the building. A severe condition occurs when the distribution of lifts becomes so disturbed that lifts BUNCH together and move round the building together. The effect of bunching is to reduce the quality of service by making most passengers wait longer. (Figure adopted from Barney, Elevator traffic handbook, theory and practice) 2) The traffic supervisory control system during most of the day is arranged to deal with interfloor traffic. The peak periods, uppeak, down peak and lunch time 2 way traffic are generally supervised by special algorithms, which must be switched on when required. The changeover from interfloor to uppeak or down peak control is achieved by monitoring, say, car load, and when this exceeds a predetermined value the appropriate control algorithm is selected. Thus the uppeak algorithm must be active just before the peak 5 minutes starts, if it is to be effective. It is assumed in the round trip calculation that during uppeak all lifts are express to the main terminal after depositing the last passenger at the highest reversal floor. This is all the uppeak traffic supervisory algorithm can do for uppeak service. However the time when the uppeak control is switched in is important if it is too late, only those cars with completed trips will be traveling to the main terminal. Those lifts just starting, or part way through, a round trip can only become available at the main terminal some 2 or 3 minutes later, halfway through the uppeak period! It is thus essential to detect the uppeak condition well before it takes off to ensure the full lift system handling capacity is available at the lobby. K.F. Chan (Mr.) Db of 2 Page Db 12 of 12
TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES. Figure Title
TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents... 1 List of Figures... 1 Chapter Forty-two... 2 42-1.0 STOPPING SIGHT DISTANCE... 2 42-1.01 Theoretical Discussion...2 42-1.02 Passenger Car Stopping Sight Distance...
More informationA STUDY OF SIMULATION MODEL FOR PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT WITH EVACUATION AND QUEUING
A STUDY OF SIMULATION MODEL FOR PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT WITH EVACUATION AND QUEUING Shigeyuki Okazaki a and Satoshi Matsushita a a Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
More informationDERIVATION OF A SIGNAL TIMING SCHEME FOR AN EXTERNALLY SIGNALIZED ROUNDABOUT
DERIVATION OF A SIGNAL TIMING SCHEME FOR AN EXTERNALLY SIGNALIZED ROUNDABOUT Paper Presented at the Annual Sessions of the Institute of Engineers, Sri Lanka Dr. Amal S. Kumarage, Senior Lecturer Dr. J.M.S.J.
More informationA MULTI-MODAL PUBLIC TRANSPORT SOLUTION FOR MALE, MALDIVES
A MULTI-MODAL PUBLIC TRANSPORT SOLUTION FOR MALE, MALDIVES 11 TH CONFERENCE ON COMPETITION AND OWNERSHIP IN LAND PASSENGER TRANSPORT Delft University of Technology (The Netherlands) 20-25 September 2009
More informationUniversità di Bologna, DICAM-Trasporti
Università di Bologna, DICAM-Trasporti SIDT Seminar Venice, October 6 th, 2011 Stefano Angelini Silvia Bertoni Antonio Danesi Marco Donzelli Federico Rupi Research goals Verification of the relative importance
More informationFORM A PASCO COUNTY ACCESS CONNECTION PERMIT APPLICATION
FORM 901.3.A PASCO COUNTY ACCESS CONNECTION PERMIT APPLICATION The following information is required from all applicants directly or indirectly accessing any collector or arterial road or as otherwise
More informationQueue analysis for the toll station of the Öresund fixed link. Pontus Matstoms *
Queue analysis for the toll station of the Öresund fixed link Pontus Matstoms * Abstract A new simulation model for queue and capacity analysis of a toll station is presented. The model and its software
More informationDesign of Turn Lane Guidelines
Design of Turn Lane Guidelines CTS Transportation Research Conference May 24, 2012 Howard Preston, PE Minnesota Department of Transportation Research Services Office of Policy Analysis, Research & Innovation
More informationChapter Capacity and LOS Analysis of a Signalized I/S Overview Methodology Scope Limitation
Chapter 37 Capacity and LOS Analysis of a Signalized I/S 37.1 Overview The Highway Capacity Manual defines the capacity as the maximum howdy rate at which persons or vehicle can be reasonably expected
More informationROUNDABOUT MODEL COMPARISON TABLE
Akcelik & Associates Pty Ltd PO Box 1075G, Greythorn, Vic 3104 AUSTRALIA info@sidrasolutions.com Management Systems Registered to ISO 9001 ABN 79 088 889 687 ROUNDABOUT MODEL COMPARISON TABLE Prepared
More informationROUNDABOUT CAPACITY: THE UK EMPIRICAL METHODOLOGY
ROUNDABOUT CAPACITY: THE UK EMPIRICAL METHODOLOGY 1 Introduction Roundabouts have been used as an effective means of traffic control for many years. This article is intended to outline the substantial
More informationMEASURING CONTROL DELAY AT SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS: CASE STUDY FROM SOHAG, EGYPT
MEASURING CONTROL DELAY AT SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS: CASE STUDY FROM SOHAG, EGYPT Ibrahim H. Hashim 1, Talaat A. Abdel-Wahed 2 and Ahmed M. Mandor 3 1 Associate Prof., Civil Eng. Dept., Faculty of Engineering,
More informationKhosla's theory. After studying a lot of dam failure constructed based on Bligh s theory, Khosla came out with the following;
Khosla's theory After studying a lot of dam failure constructed based on Bligh s theory, Khosla came out with the following; Following are some of the main points from Khosla's Theory From observation
More informationWashington St. Corridor Study
FIGURE 7.17 Bridge Alternatives - Cross Sections 86 Discarded Alternative: Short-Term Bridge Repair Short-term repairs and west bridge span replacement were considered during analysis. Short-term repairs
More informationOPTION 1: TWO-RUNWAY SYSTEM
OPTION 1: TWO-RUNWAY SYSTEM Under Option 1, we have examined to what extent airport infrastructure and facilities at Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA) could be further enhanced to fully support the
More informationMaximum Rate Turns. Objective To carry out a balanced, maximum rate, level turn using full power.
Advanced Manoeuvres Maximum Rate Turns To achieve the maximum rate of turn, the greatest possible force toward the centre of the turn is required. This is achieved by inclining the lift vector as far as
More informationImplementing Provisions for Art. 411 of the ICR Ski Jumping
JUMPING HILLS CONSTRUCTION NORM 2018 Implementing Provisions for Art. 411 of the ICR Ski Jumping Author: Hans-Heini Gasser (SUI) EDITION NOVEMBER 2018 Table of Contents Page 1. Preliminary Remarks 3 2.
More informationTransportation Engineering - II Dr. Rajat Rastogi Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology - Roorkee. Lecture - 35 Exit Taxiway
Transportation Engineering - II Dr. Rajat Rastogi Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology - Roorkee Lecture - 35 Exit Taxiway Dear students, we are back with the lecture series of
More informationCapacity and Performance Analysis of Roundabout Metering Signals
Capacity and Performance Analysis of Roundabout Metering Signals TRB National Roundabout Conference Vail, Colorado, USA, 22-25 May 2005 Pictures modified to show driving on the right-hand side of the road
More informationA location model for pedestrian crossings in arterial streets
A location model for pedestrian crossings in arterial streets B. Amini¹ & H. Ghahramani² ¹Department of Civil Engineering, International University of Imam Khomeini, Iran ²Iran University of Science and
More informationTRAFFIC CHARACTERISTICS. Unit I
TRAFFIC CHARACTERISTICS Unit I Traffic stream Characteristics Overview Overview of Traffic Stream Components To begin to understand the functional and operational aspects of traffic on streets and highways
More informationEvaluating Roundabout Capacity, Level of Service and Performance
Roundabouts with Metering Signals ITE 2009 Annual Meeting, San Antonio, Texas, USA, August 9-12, 2009 Evaluating Roundabout Capacity, Level of Service and Performance Presenter: Rahmi Akçelik rahmi.akcelik@sidrasolutions.com
More informationITARDA INFORMATION. No.128. Special feature
ITARDA INFORMATION No.128 Special feature Special feature Accidents when four-wheel vehicles are reversing ~ Drivers must thoroughly check behind them, especially in parking lots! ~ Introduction You may
More informationIntegrated Pedestrian Simulation in VISSIM
Integrated Pedestrian Simulation in VISSIM PTV worldwide MUGS Conference October 30-31, 2008 Wellington Founded > 1979 30 years fast approaching Employees > Approximately 800 persons in the PTV Group worldwide
More informationSECTION 2: PART A. SERVICE SPECIFICATION FOR ROUTE No. N97
SECTION 2: PART A SERVICE SPECIFICATION FOR ROUTE No. N97 CONTENTS Page 1. Tenders Required 2 2. Proposed Changes 2 3. Terminals 2 4. Days of Operation 2 5. Vehicle Type 3 6. Frequencies 4 7. Minimum Performance
More informationManual 2010 roundabout capacity model
An assessment of the Highway Capacity Manual 2010 roundabout capacity model TRB International Roundabout Conference Carmel, Indiana, USA, 18 20 May 2011 Presenter: Rahmi Akçelik Copyright 2000 2011 Akcelik
More informationThe Corporation of the City of Sarnia. School Crossing Guard Warrant Policy
The Corporation of the City of Sarnia School Crossing Guard Warrant Policy Table of Contents Overview And Description... 2 Role of the School Crossing Guard... 2 Definition of a Designated School Crossing...
More informationGuidelines for Providing Access to Public Transportation Stations APPENDIX C TRANSIT STATION ACCESS PLANNING TOOL INSTRUCTIONS
APPENDIX C TRANSIT STATION ACCESS PLANNING TOOL INSTRUCTIONS Transit Station Access Planning Tool Instructions Page C-1 Revised Final Report September 2011 TRANSIT STATION ACCESS PLANNING TOOL INSTRUCTIONS
More informationTRACK CIRCUIT BLOCK REGULATIONS ISSUE 11/07
TRACK CIRCUIT BLOCK REGULATIONS ISSUE 11/07 I, the undersigned, acknowledge receipt of this publication. I undertake to familiarise myself with any alterations which apply to me. FULL NAME (CAPITALS) STAFF
More informationAccelerated Freefall Program Cushing Airport 4 West Airport Road Cushing, OK 74023
Accelerated Freefall Program Cushing Airport 4 West Airport Road Cushing, OK 74023 Congratulations on trying something different, challenging, and extremely rewarding! I have been skydiving in Oklahoma
More informationSuspension Ropes. Suspension Rope
Suspension Ropes IMechE CPD Certificate Course 23 Nov. 2016 Suspension Rope Standard Configuration Replacement Criteria Tension Measurement Traction Measurement Standard Nominal diameter at least 8mm BS302
More informationVIVA RETIREMENT COMMUNITIES OAKVILLE TRAFFIC IMPACT STUDY
VIVA RETIREMENT COMMUNITIES OAKVILLE TRAFFIC IMPACT STUDY VIVA RETIREMENT COMMUNITIES OAKVILLE TRAFFIC IMPACT STUDY DECEMBER 2012 READ, VOORHEES & ASSOCIATES TORONTO, ONTARIO Read, Voorhees & Associates
More informationWire ropes condition monitoring: conception and embodiment
NDT2015, Hyderabad November 26-28, 2015 More info about this article: http://www.ndt.net/?id=21134 Wire ropes condition monitoring: conception and embodiment Alexander Mironenko INTRON PLUS LTD., Moscow,
More informationVerification and Validation Pathfinder
403 Poyntz Avenue, Suite B Manhattan, KS 66502 USA +1.785.770.8511 www.thunderheadeng.com Verification and Validation Pathfinder 2015.1 Release 0504 x64 Disclaimer Thunderhead Engineering makes no warranty,
More informationVerification and Validation Pathfinder Release 0730 x64
403 Poyntz Avenue, Suite B Manhattan, KS 66502 USA +1.785.770.8511 www.thunderheadeng.com Verification and Validation Pathfinder 2014.2 Release 0730 x64 Disclaimer Thunderhead Engineering makes no warranty,
More informationMICROSIMULATION USING FOR CAPACITY ANALYSIS OF ROUNDABOUTS IN REAL CONDITIONS
Session 5. Transport and Logistics System Modelling Proceedings of the 11 th International Conference Reliability and Statistics in Transportation and Communication (RelStat 11), 19 22 October 2011, Riga,
More informationRoundabout Design 101: Roundabout Capacity Issues
Design 101: Capacity Issues Part 2 March 7, 2012 Presentation Outline Part 2 Geometry and Capacity Choosing a Capacity Analysis Method Modeling differences Capacity Delay Limitations Variation / Uncertainty
More informationAn approach for optimising railway traffic flow on high speed lines with differing signalling systems
Computers in Railways XIII 27 An approach for optimising railway traffic flow on high speed lines with differing signalling systems N. Zhao, C. Roberts & S. Hillmansen Birmingham Centre for Railway Research
More informationTraffic Impact Study. Westlake Elementary School Westlake, Ohio. TMS Engineers, Inc. June 5, 2017
TMS Engineers, Inc. Traffic Impact Study Westlake Elementary School Westlake, Ohio June 5, 2017 Prepared for: Westlake City Schools - Board of Education 27200 Hilliard Boulevard Westlake, OH 44145 TRAFFIC
More informationThe content of this resource has been generously provided by the AGC Houston, the Associated General Contractors of America.
Construction & Utilities Division Planning Tools The content of this resource has been generously provided by the AGC Houston, the Associated General Contractors of America. Guidelines for Creation of
More informationCompression Study: City, State. City Convention & Visitors Bureau. Prepared for
: City, State Prepared for City Convention & Visitors Bureau Table of Contents City Convention & Visitors Bureau... 1 Executive Summary... 3 Introduction... 4 Approach and Methodology... 4 General Characteristics
More information1982 by Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: ISBN:
1982 by Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J. 07632 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the publisher. Library
More informationCycle Track Design Best Practices Cycle Track Sections
Design Best Practices Sections It is along street segments where the separation and protection methods of cycle tracks offer more comfort than conventional bicycle lanes, and are more attractive to a wide
More informationClarifications for Singles and Pair Skating
October 4, 2005 Clarifications for Singles and Pair Skating The following are clarifications to many asked questions. Though they do not represent all the questions asked, they do represent a majority
More informationLYNNWOOD ROAD ARTERIAL STUDY The effect of intersection spacing on arterial operation
LYNNWOOD ROAD ARTERIAL STUDY The effect of intersection spacing on arterial operation A J Joubert*, S L Burnett**, and T Ueckermann* *PWV Consortium, PO Box 1109, Sunninghill 2157 **Gautrans, Gauteng Department
More informationENHANCED PARKWAY STUDY: PHASE 2 CONTINUOUS FLOW INTERSECTIONS. Final Report
Preparedby: ENHANCED PARKWAY STUDY: PHASE 2 CONTINUOUS FLOW INTERSECTIONS Final Report Prepared for Maricopa County Department of Transportation Prepared by TABLE OF CONTENTS Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ES-1
More informationTHIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY
GA SR 25 Spur at Canal Road Transportation Impact Analysis PREPARED FOR GLYNN COUNTY, GEORGIA 1725 Reynolds Street, Suite 300 Brunswick, Georgia 31520 PREPARED BY 217 Arrowhead Boulevard Suite 26 Jonesboro,
More informationISTTT20 Tutorials. Traffic Management and Control. A. Traffic Signal Control Introduction
ISTTT20 Tutorials Traffic Management and Control A. Traffic Signal Control Introduction Prof. Nathan H. Gartner University of Massachusetts Lowell, MA, USA NHGartner,UML, July 2013 Module Objectives: Describe
More informationNevada County Population Projections 2013 to 2032 Based On The Last Estimate Year of 2012
Nevada County Population Projections 2013 to 2032 Based On The Last Estimate Year of 2012 Prepared By: The Nevada State Demographer s Office Jeff Hardcastle, AICP NV State Demographer University of NV
More informationA statistical model of Boy Scout disc golf skills by Steve West December 17, 2006
A statistical model of Boy Scout disc golf skills by Steve West December 17, 2006 Abstract: In an attempt to produce the best designs for the courses I am designing for Boy Scout Camps, I collected data
More informationAPPLICATION OF MODEL WAYOUT OF FIREWIND SOFTWARE PACKAGE
, Volume 7, Number 3, p.128-133, 5 APPLICATION OF MODEL WAYOUT OF FIREWIND SOFTWARE PACKAGE V.O. Shestopal Fire Modelling & Computing, 66 Westbrook Avenue, Wahroonga NSW 76, Australia (Received 16 March
More informationTraffic Signal Design
Traffic Signal Design Instructor: S. M. Mahdi Amiripour m.amiripour@gmail.com 2 Introduction Intersection is an area shared by two or more roads Designated for the vehicles to turn to different directions
More informationDefining Purpose and Need
Advanced Design Flexibility Pilot Workshop Session 4 Jack Broz, PE, HR Green May 5-6, 2010 Defining Purpose and Need In your agency s project development process, when do design engineers typically get
More informationDesigning a Traffic Circle By David Bosworth For MATH 714
Designing a Traffic Circle By David Bosworth For MATH 714 Abstract We all have had the experience of sitting in a traffic jam, or we ve seen cars bunched up on a road for some no apparent reason. The use
More informationIntroduction to Roundabout Analysis Using ARCADY
Introduction to Roundabout Analysis Using ARCADY Toronto SimCap User Group Technical Event and ITE Toronto Section Social Event July 22, 2014 Phil Weber, P.Eng. GHD Inc. (The Home of Ourston Roundabout
More informationDelaware State University
Delaware State University University Area Responsible: Risk and Safety Management Policy Number and Name: 7-06: Confined Space Policy Approval Date: 7/28/11 Revisions: _8/8/2013 Reviewed: 7/26/2013 Related
More informationSignal Spacing A Technical Memorandum Prepared by
Signal Spacing A Technical Memorandum Prepared by Vergil G. Stover, PhD, PE Center for Urban Transportation Research University of South Florida October 2007 This page intentionally left blank. ii TABLE
More informationROUNDABOUT MODEL COMPARISON TABLE
Akcelik & Associates Pty Ltd PO Box 1075G, Greythorn, Vic 3104 AUSTRALIA www.sidrasolutions.com Management Systems Registered to ISO 9001 ABN 79 088 889 687 ROUNDABOUT MODEL COMPARISON TABLE Prepared by
More informationUpdate to DOTD Roundabout Design Policy
Update to DOTD Roundabout Design Policy Roundabout In Louisiana Louisiana has 18 roundabouts in operation and 53 proposed History EDSM s or Engineering Directives and Standards set DOTD policies, procedures,
More informationDESIGN BULLETIN #66/2010
DESIGN BULLETIN #66/2010 Highway Geometric Design Guide Chapter B, Climbing Lane Warrants for Two Lane Undivided and Four Lane Divided Highways - Revised Summary This Design Bulletin is being issued as
More informationTeam #5888 Page 1 of 16
Team #5888 Page 1 of 16 Abstract Over the past couple decades, growing amounts of research in the United States and especially in Europe have been devoted to developing modern traffic circles. It has been
More informationTube rupture in a natural gas heater
Tube rupture in a natural gas heater Dynamic simulation supports the use of a pressure safety valve over a rupture disk in the event of a tube rupture HARRY Z HA and PATRICK STANG Fluor Canada Ltd A fast
More informationState of Oregon Department of Public Safety Standards and Training. Driver Task Book. Task Book Assigned To:
State of Oregon Department of Public Safety Standards and Training Driver Task Book Task Book Assigned To: Name DPSST Fire Service # Department Name Date Initiated Signature of Department Head or Training
More informationFeasibility Study of Central Regulators in. Hong Kong s Residential Projects
Young erson s aper Competition 2012 Feasibility Study of Central Regulators in Hong Kong s Residential rojects Name: (IGEM Far East District Section) Company: The Hong Kong and China Gas Co. Ltd., Hong
More informationMadras College Site Traffic Management Plan (South Street) August 2015 Reviewed / Updated August 2016, August 2017 (Next review due August 2018)
Madras College Site Traffic Management Plan (South Street) August 2015 Reviewed / Updated August 2016, August 2017 (Next review due August 2018) South Street, St. Andrews, KY16 9EJ Kilrymont Road, St.
More informationMYTH-BUSTING IN MELBOURNE Left-turn Vehicle vs. Pedestrian Crashes At Signalised Intersections
MYTH-BUSTING IN MELBOURNE Left-turn Vehicle vs. Pedestrian Crashes At Signalised Intersections Presentation by Mark O Brien AITPM Thursday 21 September 2017 Assumed Common Wisdom Our study commenced over
More informationDeveloped by: The American Traffic Safety Services Association (ATSSA) 15 Riverside Parkway, Suite 100 Fredericksburg, VA
Addendum Developed by: The American Traffic Safety Services Association (ATSSA) 15 Riverside Parkway, Suite 100 Fredericksburg, VA 22406-1022 800-272-8772 This material is based upon work supported by
More informationEffective Pedestrian Planning. Sam Chow, Director of Transport Consulting 7 May 2013
Effective Pedestrian Planning Sam Chow, Director of Transport Consulting 7 May 2013 Outline Introduction effective planning Arup experience Traffic Study for Admiralty interchange Way-finding 3D vital
More informationAn Indian Journal FULL PAPER ABSTRACT KEYWORDS. Trade Science Inc.
[Type text] [Type text] [Type text] ISSN : 0974-7435 Volume 10 Issue 9 BioTechnology 2014 An Indian Journal FULL PAPER BTAIJ, 10(9), 2014 [4222-4227] Evaluation on test of table tennis equipment based
More informationEconomic Transformation and Recovery in Hong Kong and Singapore
School of Economics and Finance, The University of Hong Kong Presentation given at the followings : - Zonta Club 1999 Accountancy Conference, Vocational Training Council on October 8, 1999 The Society
More informationaasidra for Roundabouts INTRODUCTION
aasidra for Roundabouts INTRODUCTION Rahmi Akçelik Director, Akcelik & Associates Pty Ltd Adjunct Professor, Monash University Mark Besley Director, Akcelik & Associates Pty Ltd TRB Roundabout Conference
More informationTraffic circles. February 9, 2009
Traffic circles February 9, 2009 Abstract The use of a traffic circle is a relatively common means of controlling traffic in an intersection. Smaller Traffic circles can be especially effective in routing
More informationProposal for amendments to Regulation No. 79 to include ACSF > 10 km/h
Informal Document ACSF-02-03 Submitted by the expert from Germany Proposal for amendments to Regulation No. 79 to include ACSF > 10 km/h The modifications to the Regulation are marked in blue bold and
More informationSpecial edition paper
Development of a Track Management Method for Shinkansen Speed Increases Shigeaki Ono** Takehiko Ukai* We have examined the indicators of appropriate track management that represent the ride comfort when
More informationEstimating benefits of travel demand management measures
Estimating benefits of travel demand management measures E. ~ani~uchi' and H. Hirao Department of Civil Engineering Systems, Kyoto University, Japan Abstract This paper presents models for estimating benefits
More informationSIZING AND CAPACITIES OF GAS PIPING
APPENDIX A (IFGS) SIZING AND CAPACITIES OF GAS PIPING (This appendix is adopted as part of the code.) A.1 General. To determine the size of piping used in a gas piping system, the following factors must
More informationChapter Twenty-eight SIGHT DISTANCE BUREAU OF LOCAL ROADS AND STREETS MANUAL
Chapter Twenty-eight SIGHT DISTANCE BUREAU OF LOCAL ROADS AND STREETS MANUAL Jan 2006 SIGHT DISTANCE 28(i) Chapter Twenty-eight SIGHT DISTANCE Table of Contents Section Page 28-1 STOPPING SIGHT DISTANCE
More informationGrade Separated Intersection
Grade Separated Intersection Lecture Notes in Transportation Systems Engineering Prof. Tom V. Mathew Contents 1 Overview 1 2 Classification of Intersection 2 2.1 Grade Separated Intersection...........................
More informationMeasurement along a Length of Road
Chapter 7 Measurement along a Length of Road 7.1 Overview This is normally used to obtain variations in speed over a stretch of road. Usually the stretch will be having a length more than 5 meters. We
More informationSIPADAN WATER VILLAGE RESORT (SWV), Mabul Island
SIPADAN WATER VILLAGE RESORT (SWV), Mabul Island Effective from 1st Apr 2017 until 31st Mar 2018 COTTAGE TYPE MALAYSIAN & RESIDENT NON DIVING PACKAGE GRAND DELUXE DELUXE STANDARD JUNIOR 4 UNITS 2 UNITS
More informationTruck Climbing Lane Traffic Justification Report
ROUTE 7 (HARRY BYRD HIGHWAY) WESTBOUND FROM WEST MARKET STREET TO ROUTE 9 (CHARLES TOWN PIKE) Truck Climbing Lane Traffic Justification Report Project No. 6007-053-133, P 101 Ι UPC No. 58599 Prepared by:
More informationEvaluation and Improvement of the Roundabouts
The 2nd Conference on Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2016, *, ** Published Online **** 2016 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/wjet http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/wjet.2014.***** Evaluation and
More information3.9 - Transportation and Traffic
Transportation and Traffic 3.9 - Transportation and Traffic This section describes the potential transportation and traffic effects of project implementation on the project site and its surrounding area.
More information2009 URBAN MOBILITY REPORT: Six Congestion Reduction Strategies and Their. Effects on Mobility
2009 URBAN MOBILITY REPORT: Six Congestion Reduction Strategies and Their Effects on Mobility David Schrank Associate Research Scientist and Tim Lomax Research Engineer Texas Transportation Institute The
More informationA Trial of Vehicle Activated Signs to Prevent Road Vehicles Blocking Back
A Trial of Vehicle Activated Signs to Prevent Road Vehicles Blocking Back Over Level Crossings Claire Turner 1 Marcus Beard 2 Dr Alastair Mckenzie-Kerr 1 John McMorrow 3 1 Human Engineering Limited, Bristol,
More informationBall Mastery. Foot skills should be the foundation of every practice session no matter how young or how old the child is. Why?
Ball Mastery Probably the single most important thing a child can learn in soccer is to be comfortable with the ball at their feet. And the most effective way to establish and enhance that comfort is to
More information3. GRADUALLY-VARIED FLOW (GVF) AUTUMN 2018
3. GRADUALLY-VARIED FLOW (GVF) AUTUMN 2018 3.1 Normal Flow vs Gradually-Varied Flow V 2 /2g EGL (energy grade line) Friction slope S f h Geometric slope S 0 In flow the downslope component of weight balances
More informationRecommendations for the Risk Assessment of Buffer Stops and End Impact Walls
Recommendations for the Risk Assessment of Buffer Stops and End Synopsis This document gives details of a recommended method which, if followed, would meet the requirements of section 11, Buffer Stops
More informationSAFE EGRESS FROM DEEP STATIONS Flawed Criteria in NFPA 130
SAFE EGRESS FROM DEEP STATIONS Flawed Criteria in NFPA 130 Herbert T. Landow Member, NYC TRF Abstract The design of railway stations includes the consideration of emergency evacuation requirements. These
More informationTraffic Signals. Part I
Traffic Signals Part I Part I The Islamic University of Gaza Civil Engineering Department Traffic Engineering (Optional Course) ECIV 5332 Instructor: Dr. Yahya Sarraj Associate Prof. in Transportation
More informationSprinting. Relevant Knowledge** Overall Level. Assessment Criteria. Learning Outcomes
Sprinting 1. coordinate their limbs. 2. be familiar with the starter s order.. swing their arms in rhythm. 1. coordinate their limbs. 2. swing their arms in rhythm.. react accurately to signals.. master
More informationImpact of Signalized Intersection on Vehicle Queue Length At Uthm Main Entrance Mohd Zulhilmi Abdul Halim 1,b, Joewono Prasetijo 2,b
Impact of Signalized Intersection on Vehicle Queue Length At Uthm Main Entrance Mohd Zulhilmi Abdul Halim 1,b, Joewono Prasetijo 2,b 1,2 Smart Driving Research Center, Faculty of Civil and Environmental
More informationIncreased Onboard Bicycle Capacity Improved Caltrain s Performance in 2009
Increased Onboard Bicycle Capacity Improved Caltrain s Performance in 2009 February 4, 2010 Prepared by: BIKES ONboard Project San Francisco Bicycle Coalition Prepared by the San Francisco Bicycle Coalition
More informationStudy on Fire Plume in Large Spaces Using Ground Heating
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia Engineering 11 (2011) 226 232 The 5 th Conference on Performance-based Fire and Fire Protection Engineering Study on Fire Plume in Large Spaces Using
More informationFigure 3B-1. Examples of Two-Lane, Two-Way Marking Applications
Figure 3B-1. Examples of Two-Lane, Two-Way Marking Applications A - Typical two-lane, two-way marking with passing permitted in both directions B - Typical two-lane, two-way marking with no-passing zones
More informationRoundabouts in Australia: the state of the art on models and applications
Roundabouts in Australia: the state of the art on models and applications Seminar Presentation One-day International Meeting on Roundabouts Università di Pisa - Corso di TECNICA del TRAFFICO, Livorno,
More informationSCAG EMERGING REGIONAL ISSUES: GOMONROVIA OVERVIEW. City of Monrovia
SCAG EMERGING REGIONAL ISSUES: GOMONROVIA OVERVIEW City of Monrovia WHY ARE WE TALKING ABOUT MOBILITY? BECAUSE DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS AND HOUSING POLICY HAVE CREATED A CRISIS SITUATION. Demographic trends
More informationChapter 33. Grade Separated Intersection Overview Classification of Intersection Grade Separated Intersection
Chapter 33 Grade Separated Intersection 33.1 Overview An intersection is the area shared by the joining or crossing of two or more roads. Since the main function of an intersection is to enable the road
More informationChapter 5 5. INTERSECTIONS 5.1. INTRODUCTION
Chapter 5 5. INTERSECTIONS 5.1. INTRODUCTION Intersections are the physical component of the roadways where two highways intersect. They are the most complex element of roadways, since it requires more
More informationTRAFFIC STUDY GUIDELINES Clarksville Street Department
TRAFFIC STUDY GUIDELINES Clarksville Street Department 9/1/2009 Introduction Traffic studies are used to help the city determine potential impacts to the operation of the surrounding roadway network. Two
More information