Lab Vacs. Contents. Dimensioned Drawings...11

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1 Lab Vacs Contents Introduction Why PIAB LabVacs?...2 Common applications for PIAB Lab Vacs...2 Principle of PIAB Vacuum Pumps...3 A few technical terms related to vacuum...4 Selection Guide Quick guide...5 Complete selection guide...6 Resistance to chemicals and solvents...8 Compressed air recommendations...10 Dimensioned Drawings...11 Accessories Vacustat...12 Regulator kit...12 Vacuum filter...12 Retort rod...13 Silencer kit...13 Standard accessories...14 Ball valve...15 T-piece...15 Injection valve...15 Vacuum distributor...15 Maintenance & Warranty...16 Tables...17 The Periodic System...18 Art no GB - PIAB Promotion 0401 Lab Vacs 1

Economical Unbeatable performance in relation to the price. Adjustable vacuum level Set the vacuum level you require, and save energy at the same time. Easy to install One hose to connect. Ready!

2 Introduction Why PIAB Lab Vac? Free from back suction of water No risk that your valuable samples are destroyed. No service required You can concentrate on your research, instead of repairing broken vacuum pumps. Low sound level The constant noise from a water jet or an electric pump can make anyone tired. Economical Unbeatable performance in relation to the price. Adjustable vacuum level Set the vacuum level you require, and save energy at the same time. Easy to install One hose to connect. Ready! Always close Through our large distributor network around the world, we are always close to you if you need assistance or if you want to buy more. 5 year warranty Proves the high quality. Common applications for PIAB Lab Vacs Rotary evaporation Vacuum filtration Degassing Gel drying PIAB Lab Vacs are used frequently in the rotary evaporation process. Vacuum filtration is a common application for PIAB Lab Vacs. They are also used for degassing solvents for HPLC and for drying gels. 2 Lab Vacs

Introduction Principle of PIAB Vacuum Pumps PIAB vacuum pumps are multi-stage ejectors. Energy is supplied by compressed gas, usually compressed air at a pressure of between 0.4 and 0.6 MPa.

3 Introduction Principle of PIAB Vacuum Pumps PIAB vacuum pumps are multi-stage ejectors. Energy is supplied by compressed gas, usually compressed air at a pressure of between 0.4 and 0.6 MPa. The compressed air should be dry and filtered. The multi-stage ejector uses the energy in the compressed air more efficiently than a single-stage ejector, and thus consumes much less energy. PIAB multi-stage ejectors are characterized by high vacuum flows and high vacuum levels. One way of achieving further energy savings is to employ a Vacustat. PIAB vacuum pumps use compressed air for their energy supply (1). When compressed air flows through the pump nozzles (2), the jet entrains air. Suction is generated at the openings to the various stages (3). This creates a sub-atmospheric pressure/vacuum (4). Benefit of the PIAB Vacustat When vacuum is employed, the full capacity of the pump is seldom used. The traditional vacuum sources, i.e. electric pumps and water ejectors, are not suitable for intermittent operation. Instead of running only intermittently in order to maintain the required vacuum level, these vacuum sources must be run continuously. This is uneconomical, since it results in high energy consumption or waste of large quantities of drinking water if a water ejector is used. However, PIAB compressed air driven vacuum pumps are designed for intermittent operation. When the required vacuum has been reached, the Vacustat enables the pumps to be run only to maintain the preset vacuum level. For technical specifications of the Vacustat, see page 12. Example of a vacuum system with PIAB Lab Vacs Exhaust 4 1 LAB VAC Vacuum Exhaust Vacuum Vacuum Compressed air 5 1. PIAB Lab Vac 2. PIAB Vacustat 3. Regulator 4. Double silencer (alternate exhaust) 5. Vacuum filter 6. Vacuum valves Lab Vacs 3

Introduction Solubility of CO 2 g/l 4 0,04 3 0,03 2 0,02 1 0,01 0 0 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 Absolute pressure Atm CO 2 ---- Air Solubility of air g/l A few technical terms related to vacuum Atmosphere

4 Introduction Solubility of CO 2 g/l 4 0,04 3 0,03 2 0,02 1 0, ,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 Absolute pressure Atm CO Air Solubility of air g/l A few technical terms related to vacuum Atmosphere and atmospheric pressure Planet Earth is surrounded by a layer of air which is tens of kilometres thick. This mass of air is attracted to the surface of the Earth and creates a pressure known as atmospheric pressure. A column of atmospheric air with a cross-sectional area of 1 m 2 has a mass of about 10,000 kg. Atmospheric pressure at sea level is kpa (1013 mbar). The higher up we are above sea level, the thinner will be the air and the lower will be the atmospheric pressure. Up to 2,000 m above sea level, the atmospheric pressure decreases at the rate of about 1% per 100 m, and at the top of Mount Everest (8848 m), the atmospheric pressure is only 33 kpa (330 mbar). See Table 2 on page 17. Significance of atmospheric pressure in the laboratory Laboratory personnel are well aware of the significance of atmospheric pressure, and they put it to good use. The lower the atmospheric pressure, the lower the boiling point of liquids. The solubility of gases in liquids also decreases with decreasing atmospheric pressure. The lower the absolute pressure (the higher the vacuum), the more of a gas dissolved in a liquid will be released. Finally, the flow through narrow passages, e.g. the flow of a liquid through a filter, is affected by the pressure differential between the filter inlet and outlet. Low pressure (vacuum) at the filter outlet and atmospheric pressure at the filter inlet will accelerate the filtration process. Solubility of some gases in water (at 20 C) as a function of ambient pressure. Boiling point C ,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 Absolute pressure Atm Water ---- Ethanol - - Diethyl ether Boiling point of some liquids as a function of ambient pressure. Vacuum and vacuum level Vacuum is defined as a space devoid of matter. If the gas (usually air) is evacuated from an enclosed space, a sub-atmospheric pressure will be generated. The vacuum level is a measure of this sub-atmospheric pressure. At absolute vacuum, the pressure is zero, which is the basis for the absolute pressure concept. In laboratory work, pressures are almost exclusively expressed as absolute pressure, since sub-atmospheric pressure is of interest only in exceptional cases. To avoid misunderstandings, the vacuum levels are expressed in this catalogue as absolute pressures. This means that the prevailing (ambient) atmospheric pressure must be known if the sub-atmospheric pressure is to be determined. See also Table 3 on page 17 for further information on how the altitude above sea level affects the sub-atmospheric pressure. Vacuum flows Vacuum flow is the amount of air per unit of time that is transported at a certain vacuum level. Vacuum flows and air consumption are defined in this catalogue as volume of air at n.t.p. (normal temperature and pressure; sometimes also referred to as standard temperature and pressure, s.t.p.) per unit of time. Air at n.t.p. is air at certain standard atmospheric conditions (pressure of kpa or 1013 mbar, 65% RH, 293 K). This is indicated by the prefix [N] to the unit of flow. For comparison with other ways of specifying air flows, see Table 4 on page Lab Vacs

Selection Guide Quick guide for general laboratory applications LVX 10 LVH 40 LVH 80 STING X40 for smaller applications which are not so aggressive and where you are satisfied with a vacuum-level of

The ultimate vacuum is 15 mbar and the baseplate is made of PPS. Choose between EPDM, Viton and KalRezÒ as seal material. Maximum flow is 9,0 m³/h. for the most demanding applications.

5 Selection Guide Quick guide for general laboratory applications LVX 10 LVH 40 LVH 80 STING X40 for smaller applications which are not so aggressive and where you are satisfied with a vacuum-level of 70 mbar. Choose between EPDM and Viton as seal material. Maximum flow is 3,7 m³/h. for applications where you need a better vacuum and good chemical resistance. The ultimate vacuum is 15 mbar and the baseplate is made of PPS. Choose between EPDM, Viton and KalRezÒ as seal material. Maximum flow is 9,0 m³/h. for the most demanding applications. With an ultimate vacuum of 5 mbar and a maximum flow of 13 m³/h,itis the most flexible choice for covering almost any laboratory application. Choose between EPDM, Viton and KalRez as seal material. Order the versions with KalRez seals for outstanding chemical resistance. Made entirely of PTFE which will withstand nearly any chemicals. An ultimate vacuum of 60 mbar and a maximum flow of 3,6 m³/h. All PIAB vacuum pumps for lab use can easily be fitted with PIAB s energy-saving Vacustat, which switches the pump off when the set vacuum level has been reached. Lab Vacs 5

Selection Guide LVX5 20, LVX10L 20L LVX40, LVH40 Complete Selection guide Which pump is best suited for my application? 1. What is the vacuum level needed?

6 Selection Guide LVX5 20, LVX10L 20L LVX40, LVH40 Complete Selection guide Which pump is best suited for my application? 1. What is the vacuum level needed? See the table on page 9 for the vacuum level at a boiling point of 40 C for a number of common solvents. A common vacuum level for vacuum filtration is 100 mbar. All Lab Vacs can generate better than 100 mbar. 2. What flow must the pump deliver? See the table on page 7 for flow at different pressures and for evacuation times. 3. Can the pump handle my chemicals? Should I have EPDM or Viton or KALREZ seals? See pages 8 and Do I need a continuous vacuum flow? Or is it enough for the pump to maintain a certain vacuum level? Read about the Vacustat on pages 3 and Does my compressed air system have sufficient capacity? See the table on page 7 for recommended supply pressure and page 10 for other information on compressed air. General All Lab Vacs with in their designations (apart from the STING X40) are made of PPS (polyphenylene sulphide), with the exception of the vacuum meter, flap valves and gaskets. They are capable of withstanding all organic solvents at room temperature and most acids and bases. See the resistance tables on pages 8 and 9. LVX5 20, LVX10 20L and LVX40 80 are suitable for use if a vacuum level of mbar is sufficient, e.g. for vacuum filtration and gel drying. LVX40 80 are pumps designed for high flow rates, and are suitable for evacuating large volumes in a short space of time. LVH40 80 are designed for higher vacuum that may be necessary, for instance, in certain evaporation processes. STING X40 (Solid Teflon Internally No Gaskets) is made entirely of Teflon. It is intended for the most demanding chemicals, and has no gaskets (see table below). Technical Data Model Max vacuum Max flow Operating temperature Noise level Weight Material Article number mbar m 3 /h Nl/s C dba kg EPDM Viton KALREZ LVX * 0.6 PA/POM E V LVX * 0.6 PA/POM E V LVX * 0.6 PA/POM E V LVX10L * 0.6 PA/POM E V LVX20L * 0.6 PA/POM E V LVX * 1.0 PPS LVX * 1.0 PPS LVH * 1.0 PPS LVH PPS G Thread NPT Thread STING X C 200 C 82 86* 0.5 Teflon *The noise level can be reduced with a silencer kit (art. no ), see page Lab Vacs

7 Selection Guide LVX 80, LVH 80 STING X40 Size Vacuum performance Feed pressure (MPa), air consumption (Nl/s), vacuum flow (Nl/s), for different vacuum levels, mbar absolute pressure Model Recom. feed pressure Air consumption Vacuum levels, mbar absolute pressure Vacuum flow Nl/s MPa Nl/s LVX LVX LVX LVX10L LVX20L LVX LVX LVH LVH STING X Evacuation time (s/l) for respective vacuum levels (mbar absolute pressure) at recommended feed pressure Model Vacuum levels, mbar absolute pressure LVX LVX LVX LVX10L LVX20L LVX LVX LVH LVH STING X Vacuum concepts In this catalogue, the vacuum flow is specified as the volumetric flow of air, converted to normal temperature and pressure conditions. Normal temperature and pressure are a temperature of 20 C and a barometric pressure of 1013 mbar. The unit is Nl/s. Example: 10 litres of expanded air at 506 mbar corresponds to 5 Nl (litres at normal temperature and pressure conditions mbar). Evacuation time is the time necessary to achieve a certain vacuum level in an enclosed system. In this catalogue, the volume is represented by 1 litre and the time is measured in seconds mbar = 760 mm Hg 1 mbar = mm Hg 1 mm Hg = mbar Lab Vacs 7

8 Selection Guide Resistance to chemicals and solvents PIAB Lab Vacs are designed to withstand most substances. However, the various plastic and rubber materials used for the pumps have different mechanical properties and different resistances to chemicals. A brief description of the materials used for Lab Vacs is outlined below. It is very simple to change the flap valves and gaskets in the Lab Vacs. If these are subjected to chemicals they cannot withstand, they can easily be changed. It is often sufficient to let the pump draw air for a minute or two to enable any deformed flaps to resume their original shape. Plastics used in PIAB Lab Vacs EPDM. Highly elastic synthetic (ethylene-propylene) rubber. Most Lab Vacs are supplied with EPDM flap valves and gaskets. FPM (fluorocarbon rubber). Very good resistance to chemicals and heat. Available as an alternative to EPDM. PIAB employs VITON. KALREZ Outstanding chemical and temperature resistance. Available as an alternative to EPDM and Viton in the sizes 40 and 80. PA (polyamide, e.g. Nylon ). PA6 and PA66 are the usual grades. The pump casings of LVX5 20 and LVX10L 20L are made of PA66. POM (polyoxymethylene, e.g. Delrin and Hostaform ). Also known as acetal. Good mechanical properties, and easy to cast and machine. Used in the nozzle rows and bottom plates of LVX5 20 and LVX10L 20L. PPS (polyphenylene sulphide, e.g. Ryton and Fortron ). Very strong and dimensionally rigid structural plastic. Can withstand all organic solvents, and most acids and bases at moderate temperatures. The LVX40 80 and the LVH40 80 include PPS only in the parts that are in contact with the vacuum side of the pump (except the flaps/gaskets and vacuum gauge). PE (polyethylene). Low price and good resistance to chemicals. Available in LD (Low Density, soft) and HD (High Density, hard) versions. Sintered PE is used, for instance, in the Lab Vac silencer. PP (polypropylene). Similar to PE but has better mechanical properties. Included in certain filters. PTFE (polytetrafluorethylene, e.g. Teflon ). Superior resistance to chemicals. Model LVX/LVX_L 5 20 LVH/LVX Recommended seal material Material POM/PA66 PPS Chemicals EPDM Viton (FPM) KALREZ Acetone nitrile A A A U A Ammonia U A A U A Hydrofluoric acid U A U A A NaOH A A A B A Nitric acid U B A A A Hydrochloric acid U A A A A Sulphuric acid U A B A A A = Recommended little or no effect B = Minor to moderate effect C = Moderate to severe effect U = Not recommended 8 Lab Vacs

9 Selection Guide Model LVX/LVLX 5 20 LVH/LVX Recommended seal material Boiling point Vacuum level for boiling point at Formula Material POM/PA66 PPS Solvents EPDM Viton (FPM) KALREZ C 40 C mbar* Acetic acid U A A B A C 2H 40 2 Acetone A A A U A C 2H 60 N-Amylalcohol A A A B A C 5H 120 Benzene A A U A A C 6H 6 N-Butanol A A B A A C 4H 10O Carbontetrachloride U A U A A CCl 4 Chlorobenzene U A U A A C 6H 5Cl Chloroform A A U A A CHCl 3 Cyclohexane A A U A A C 6H 12 Diethyl ether B A U U A 35 >1013 C 4H 10O Diisopropyl ether U A U U A C 6H 14O Dioxane B A B U A C 4H 8O 2 Dimethyl formamide (DMF) U A A U A C 3H 7NO Ethanol A A A A A C 2H 6O Ethyl acetat A A B U A C 6H 80 2 Heptane A A U A A C 7H 16 Hexane B A U A A C 6H 14 Isoamyl alcohol A A A B A C 5H 12O Isopropyl alcohol U A A A A C 3H 8O Methanol B A A C A CH 4O Methylenechloride C A B A A 40 >1013 CH 2Cl 2 Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) C A A U A C 4H 8O Pentane B A U A A 36 >1013 C 5H 12 N-Propyl alcohol U A A A A C 3H 8O 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane C A U A A C 2H 2Cl 4 Tetrachloroethylene A A U A A C 2Cl 4 Tetrahydrofurane (THF) A A B U A C 4H 8O Toluene C A U A A C 7H 8 1,1,1-Trichloroethane C A U A A C 2H 3Cl 3 Trichloroethylene U A U A A C 2HCl 3 Xylene A A U A A ~ C 8H 10 *Absolute pressure A = Recommended little or no effect B = Minor to moderate effect C = Moderate to severe effect U = Not recommended Lab Vacs 9

10 Selection Guide Compressed air recommendations PIAB recommends filtered, oil-free compressed air for its multi-stage ejectors. Maximum particle size: 40 µ Maximum particle concentration: 10 mg/m 3 (atmospheric air) Maximum oil content: 1 mg/m 3 (atmospheric air) Compressed air supply PIAB Lab Vac pumps are designed for a compressed air supply pressure of 4 6 bar ( MPa). To ensure that the supply pressure to the pumps will be correct, it is important for the compressed air lines to be correctly sized. Use at least the sizes specified in the table below. Pump Hose length 1 m 2 m 10 m LVX5 Ø 2.6 Ø 3.0 Ø 4.1 LVX10 Ø 3.3 Ø 3.8 Ø 5.3 LVX20 Ø 4.3 Ø 4.9 Ø 6.7 LVX10L Ø 3.6 Ø 4.1 Ø 5.7 LVX20L Ø 4.6 Ø 5.3 Ø 7.4 LVX40 Ø 5.1 Ø 5.9 Ø 8.1 LVX80 Ø 6.6 Ø 7.6 Ø 10.5 LVH40 Ø 5.2 Ø 6.0 Ø 8.2 LVH80 Ø 6.8 Ø 7.8 Ø 10.7 Hose diameters in mm. The dimensions are calculated for a pressure drop of 0.1 bar (0.01 MPa). Insufficient feed pressure PIAB Lab Vacs will not be damaged in case of insufficient feed pressure. What happens is that the flow decreases, and the maximum vacuum level decreases according to the table below: Feed presure MPa Max vacuum level, mbar abs LVX5 20 LVX10L 20L LVX40 80 LVH40 LVH Lab Vacs

11 Dimensioned Drawings LVX5, LVX20, LVX10L, LVX20L 1. Compressed air G 1/4" 2. Vacuum G 3/8" (2). Vacustat connection G1/8" 3. Exhaust G 3/8" LVX40, LVX80, LVH40, LVH80 A = 64 [2.52"] for LVX40, LVX80 and LVH40 A = 80 [3.15"] for LVH80 1. Compressed air G 1/4" 2. Vacuum G 3/8" (2). Vacustat connection M5 3. Exhaust G 3/8" Holes for wall mounting. STING X40 Connection config Compressed air G 3/8" NPT 3/8" 2. Vacuum G 3/8" NPT 3/8" 3. Exhaust G 3/8" NPT 3/8" Lab Vacs 11

Accessories Vacustat Regulator kit Vacuum filter Type Feed pressure MPa Max air consumption l/min Material Working temperature C Vacustat 0.2 0.

12 Accessories Vacustat Regulator kit Vacuum filter Type Feed pressure MPa Max air consumption l/min Material Working temperature C Vacustat POM, Al, NBR Pa 6, CuZn, SS Regulator kit Zn, POM, PP, NBR Vacuum filter, 0.3µ PP, paper Vacuum filter, 0.3µ* PP, paper * Delivered with natural rubber hose Ø 18/8, length 80 mm. Weight g Art no Vacustat Vacuum filter Regulator kit 12 Lab Vacs

Accessories Retort rod Silencer kit Type Material Noise level -dba Retort rod, Ø13 mm Acid-proof steel 90 01 00 766 Silencer kit 13 200 32 40 025 Weight g Art no Retort rod Ø13 70 Ø6 The retort rod

13 Accessories Retort rod Silencer kit Type Material Noise level -dba Retort rod, Ø13 mm Acid-proof steel Silencer kit Weight g Art no Retort rod Ø13 70 Ø6 The retort rod can be connected at the arrows. M12 Silencer kit Parts included Art no Silencer 1/2" 3/4" JG straight adaptor female 1/2" JG Nylon hose JG 15/ Hose clamp JG adaptor male 3/8" Lab Vacs 13

14 Accessories Standard accessories All Lab Vac pumps are delivered with necessary couplings, compressed air hose (length 2 m) and screws for wall mounting: P+ Ref. Accessory Pcs Art no Material Hose clamp mm Rubber hose ID=8 mm, L=0.2 m Tube to hose stem D 10 mm for hose ID 8 mm Hose reduction D 10-8 mm Polyurethane hose AD/ID mm, 8/5.5, L=2 m Straight adaptor male G 1/4" D8 Straight adaptor male G 1/4" D10 Straight adaptor male G 3/8" D10 Tube to hose stem D12-1/2" Straight adaptor male G 3/8" D12 Screw VA4 Screw plug Hexagon wrench no 4 Torx wrench no Acid-proof steel NBR POM POM PUR POM POM POM POM POM Stainless steel Lab Vacs

15 Accessories Ball valve T-piece Injection valve Vacuum distributor Type Max pressure MPa Vacuum level -kpa Material Working temperature C Ball valve 1/ POM, NBR T-piece 1/ POM Injection valve POM, NBR Vacuum distributor POM, NBR Weight g Art no Ball valve T-piece Injection valve Vacuum distributor Lab Vacs 15

16 Maintenance and Warranty Maintenance The PIAB Lab Vacs are designed and manufactured to work with minimum service and maintenance. To ensure reliable operation for many years a few simple checks are, however, required. Below you will find a suggestion for maintenance intervals. Please note that the intervals vary depending on operating environment, and therefore we advise you to build up your own experience. Maintenance intervals Daily Check the feed pressure of the compressed air Check pressure drop over the vacuum filter Monthly Wash vacuum filters Annually Dismantle the pump to clean and check In addition to these points, the compressed air system should be maintained. Warranties A 5-year warranty for pumps A guarantee period of 1 year for accessories The guarantee does not apply to filters or other wear parts 16 Lab Vacs

17 Tables Table 1. Pressure Pa (N/m 2 ) kpa bar at (kp/cm 2 ) Torr psi (lbf/in 2 ) inhg 1 Pa 1 0,001 0, ,1972x10-6 7,50062x10-3 0,145038x10-3 0,3x kpa ,01 10,1972x10-3 7, , ,3 1bar , ,062 14, kp/cm ,0665 0, ,559 14, ,42 1 torr 133,322 0, ,33322x10-3 1,35951x ,3368x10-3 0,04 1 psi 6 894,76 6, ,9476x ,3069x , ,07 1 torr = 1 mmhg (0 C). 1 mm column of water = 9,81 Pa Table 2. Negative pressure Sea level Absolute vacuum kpa 101,3 91,3 81,3 71,3 61,3 51,3 41,3 31,3 21,3 11,3 0 mbar Torr kpa* ,3 -mmhg* inhg* %vacuum 0 9,9 19,7 29,6 39,5 49,3 59,2 69, * At normal atmospheric pressure. Table 3. Change in air pressure with height above sea level The surrounding air pressure is the point of reference for most vacuum gauges. Altitude Air pressure Available vacuum levels in -kpa at different altitudes m kpa mbar mm Hg 0 101,3 1013, ,0 75,0 85,0 90,0 99, ,46 894, ,4 64,5 74,5 79,5 88, ,06 790, ,0 54,1 64,1 69,1 78,1 Table 4. Flows Flow: volume per unit of time. SI-unit: cubic metres per second (m 3 /s). Quantity designations: Q, q, = V/t (volume/time). Common multiple units: litre/min., litre/s, m 3 /h. m 3 /s m 3 /h l/min l/s ft 3 /min (scfm)* ,9 0,28x ,6667 0,2778 0, ,67x10-6 0,06 1 0,0167 0,035 1x10-3 3, ,1189 0,472x10-3 1, ,32 0, *1 ft = m Table 7. Force Table 5. Weight 1 N = 0,10197 kp kg g oz lb 1 kp = 9,8066 N 1 kg ,27 2,205 1 N = 0,2248 lbf 1 g 0, , , lbf = 4,4482 N 1 oz 0, ,35 1 0, lb 0, , Table 6. Temperature Melting point of ice 0 C 32 F 273,15K Boiling point of water at kpa (14.7 psi) 100 C 212 F 373,15K Absolute zero -273,15 C -459,67 F 0K F = 1.8( C) + 32 Lab Vacs 17

18 The periodic system 18 Lab Vacs

19 Lab Vacs 19

20 20 Lab Vacs

Vacuum pumps. Suction cups. Vacuum grippers. Accessories. Index

Vacuum pumps. Suction cups. Vacuum grippers. Accessories. Index CONTENTS PIAB Vacuum Academy PVA TM Page 3 Vacuum pumps Page 21 Vacuum Pumps Suction cups Page 159 Suction Cups Vacuum grippers Page 335 Vacuum grippers Accessories Page 429 Accessories Index Index Page