ELECTRICAL SAFETY PROGRAM

Transcription

1 0. INTRODUCTION 0.1 PURPOSE The purpose of this program is to provide a practical safe working area for employees relative to the hazards arising from the use of electricity. 0.2 SCOPE This program addresses electrical safety related work practices for employee workplaces that are necessary for the practical safeguarding of employees relative to the hazards associated with electrical energy during activities such as the installation, inspection, operation, maintenance, and demolition of electric conductors, electric equipment, signaling and communications conductors and equipment, and raceways. This standard also includes safe work practices for employees performing other work activities that can expose them to electrical hazards as well as safe work practices for the following: 1. Installation of conductors and equipment that connect to the supply of electricity 2. Installations used by the electric utility, such as office buildings, warehouses, garages, machine shops, and recreational buildings that are not an integral part of a generating plant, substation, or control center. Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 1 of 62

2 1. DEFINITIONS Accessible (as applied to equipment): Admitting close approach; not guarded by locked doors, elevation, or other effective means. Accessible (as applied to wiring methods): Capable of being removed or exposed without damaging the building structure or finish or not permanently closed in by the structure or finish of the building. Accessible, Readily (Readily Accessible): Capable of being reached quickly for operation, renewal, or inspections without requiring those to whom ready access is requisite to climb over or remove obstacles or to resort to portable ladders, and so forth. Approved: Acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction. Arc Flash Hazard: A dangerous condition associated with the possible release of energy caused by an electric arc. An arc flash hazard may exist when energized electrical conductors or circuit parts are exposed or when they are within equipment in a guarded or enclosed condition, provided a person is interacting with the equipment in such a manner that could cause an electric arc. Under normal operating conditions, enclosed energized equipment that has been properly installed and maintained is not likely to pose an arc flash hazard. Arc Flash Hazard Analysis. A study investigating a worker s potential exposure to arc flash energy, conducted for the purpose of injury prevention and the determination of safe work practices, arc flash boundary, and the appropriate levels of personal protective equipment (PPE). Arc Flash Suit. A complete arc-rated clothing and equipment system that covers the entire body, except for the hands and feet. An arc flash suit may include pants or overalls, a jacket or a coverall, and a beekeeper-type hood fitted with a face shield. Arc Rating. The value attributed to materials that describes their performance to exposure to an electrical arc discharge. The arc rating is expressed in Cal/cm2 and is derived from the determined value of the arc thermal performance value (ATPV) or energy of break open threshold Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 2 of 62

3 (EBT) (should a material system exhibit a break open response below the ATPV value). Arc rating is reported as either ATPV or EBT, whichever is the lower value. Informational Note No. 1: Arc-rated clothing or equipment indicates that it has been tested for exposure to an electric arc. Flame-Resistant (FR) clothing without an arc rating has not been tested for exposure to an electric arc. Informational Note No. 2: Break open is a material response evidenced by the formation of one or more holes in the innermost layer of arc-rated material that would allow flame to pass through the material. Informational Note No. 3: ATPV is defined in ASTM F as the incident energy on a material or a multilayer system of materials that results in a 50 percent probability that sufficient heat transfer through the tested specimen is predicted to cause the onset of a second degree skin burn injury based on the Stoll curve, Cal/cm2. Informational Note No. 4: EBT is defined in ASTM F as the incident energy on a material or a material system that results in a 50 percent probability of break open. Break open is defined as a hole with an area of 1.6 cm2 (0.5 in2) or an opening of 2.5 cm (1.0 in.) in any dimension. Attachment Plug (Plug Cap) (Plug): A device that, by insertion in a receptacle, establishes a connection between the conductors of the attached flexible cord and the conductors connected permanently to the receptacle. Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ): An organization, office, or individual responsible for enforcing the requirements of a code or standard, or for approving equipment, materials, an installation, or a procedure. Informational Note: The phrase authority having jurisdiction, or its acronym AHJ, is used in NFPA documents in a broad manner, since jurisdictions and approval agencies vary, as do their responsibilities. Where public safety is primary, the authority having jurisdiction may be a federal, state, local, or other regional department or individual such as a fire chief; fire marshal; chief of a fire prevention bureau, labor department, or health department; building official; electrical inspector; or others having statutory authority. For insurance purposes, an insurance inspection department, rating bureau, or other insurance company representative may be the authority having jurisdiction. In many circumstances, the property owner or his or her designated agent assumes the role of Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 3 of 62

4 the authority having jurisdiction; at government installations, the commanding officer or departmental official may be the authority having jurisdiction. Automatic: Performing a function without the necessity of human intervention. Balaclava (Sock Hood): An arc-rated hood that protects the neck and head except for facial area of the eyes and nose. Bare-Hand Work: A technique of performing work on energized electrical conductors or circuit parts, after the employee has been raised to the potential of the conductor or circuit part. Barricade: A physical obstruction such as tapes, cones, or A-frame-type wood or metal structures intended to provide a warning about and to limit access to a hazardous area. Barrier: A physical obstruction that is intended to prevent contact with equipment or energized electrical conductors and circuit parts or to prevent unauthorized access to a work area. Bonded (Bonding): Connected to establish electrical continuity and conductivity. Bonding Conductor or Jumper: A reliable conductor to ensure the required electrical conductivity between metal parts required to be electrically connected. Boundary, Arc Flash: When an arc flash hazard exists, an approach limit at a distance from a prospective arc source within which a person could receive a second degree burn if an electrical arc flash were to occur. Informational Note: A second degree burn is possible by an exposure of unprotected skin to an electric arc flash above the incident energy level of 5 J/cm2 (1.2 Cal/cm2). Boundary, Limited Approach: An approach limit at a distance from an exposed energized electrical conductor or circuit part within which a shock hazard exists. Boundary, Prohibited Approach: An approach limit at a distance from an exposed energized electrical conductor or circuit part within which work is considered the same as making contact with the electrical conductor or circuit part. Boundary, Restricted Approach: An approach limit at a distance from an exposed energized electrical conductor or circuit part within which there is an increased risk of Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 4 of 62

5 shock, due to electrical arc-over combined with inadvertent movement, for personnel working in close proximity to the energized electrical conductor or circuit part. Branch Circuit: The circuit conductors between the final overcurrent device protecting the circuit and the outlet(s). Building: A structure that stands alone or that is cut off from adjoining structures by fire walls with all openings therein protected by approved fire doors. Cabinet: An enclosure that is designed for either surface mounting or flush mounting and is provided with a frame, mat, or trim in which a swinging door or doors are or can be hung. Circuit Breaker: A device designed to open and close a circuit by non-automatic means and to open the circuit automatically on a predetermined overcurrent without damage to itself when properly applied within its rating. Informational Note: The automatic opening means can be integral, direct acting with the circuit breaker, or remote from the circuit breaker. Conductive: Suitable for carrying electric current. Conductor, Bare: A conductor having no covering or electrical insulation whatsoever. Conductor, Covered: A conductor encased within material of composition or thickness that is not recognized by NFPA70E Code as electrical insulation. Conductor, Insulated: A conductor encased within material of composition and thickness that is recognized by NFPA70E Code as electrical insulation. Controller: A device or group of devices that serves to govern, in some predetermined manner, the electric power delivered to the apparatus to which it is connected. Current-Limiting Overcurrent Protective Device: A device that, when interrupting currents in its current-limiting range, reduces the current flowing in the faulted circuit to a magnitude substantially less than that obtainable in the same circuit if the device were replaced with a solid conductor having comparable impedance. Cutout: An assembly of a fuse support with either a fuse holder, fuse carrier, or disconnecting blade. The fuse holder or fuse carrier may include a conducting element Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 5 of 62

6 (fuse link), or may act as the disconnecting blade by the inclusion of a non-fusible member. De-energized: Free from any electrical connection to a source of potential difference and from electrical charge; not having a potential different from that of the earth. Device: A unit of an electrical system that carries or controls electric energy as its principal function. Disconnecting Means: A device, or group of devices, or other means by which the conductors of a circuit can be disconnected from their source of supply. Disconnecting (or Isolating) Switch (Disconnector, Isolator): A mechanical switching device used for isolating a circuit or equipment from a source of power. Dwelling Unit: A single unit, providing complete and independent living facilities for one or more persons, including permanent provisions for living, sleeping, cooking, and sanitation. Electrical Hazard: A dangerous condition such that contact or equipment failure can result in electric shock, arc flash burn, thermal burn, or blast. Informational Note: Class 2 power supplies, listed low voltage lighting systems, and similar sources are examples of circuits or systems that are not considered an electrical hazard. Electrical Safety: Recognizing hazards associated with the use of electrical energy and taking precautions so that hazards do not cause injury or death. Electrically Safe Work Condition: A state in which an electrical conductor or circuit part has been disconnected from energized parts, locked/tagged in accordance with established standards, tested to ensure the absence of voltage, and grounded if determined necessary. Enclosed: Surrounded by a case, housing, fence, or wall(s) that prevents persons from accidentally contacting energized parts. Enclosure: The case or housing of apparatus, or the fence or walls surrounding an installation to prevent personnel from accidentally contacting energized parts or to protect the equipment from physical damage. Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 6 of 62

7 Energized: Electrically connected to, or is, a source of voltage. Equipment: A general term, including material, fittings, devices, appliances, luminaires, apparatus, machinery, and the like, used as a part of, or in connection with, an electrical installation. Exposed (as applied to energized electrical conductors or circuit parts): Capable of being inadvertently touched or approached nearer than a safe distance by a person. It is applied to electrical conductors or circuit parts that are not suitably guarded, isolated, or insulated. Exposed (as applied to wiring methods): On or attached to the surface or behind panels designed to allow access. Fitting: An accessory such as a locknut, bushing, or other part of a wiring system that is intended primarily to perform a mechanical rather than an electrical function. Fuse: An overcurrent protective device with a circuit opening fusible part that is heated and severed by the passage of overcurrent through it. Informational Note: A fuse comprises all the parts that form a unit capable of performing the prescribed functions. It may or may not be the complete device necessary to connect it into an electrical circuit. Ground: The earth. Ground Fault: An unintentional, electrically conducting connection between an ungrounded conductor of an electrical circuit and the normally non current-carrying conductors, metallic enclosures, metallic raceways, metallic equipment, or earth. Grounded (Grounding): Connected (connecting) to ground or to a conductive body that extends the ground connection. Grounded, Solidly: Connected to ground without inserting any resistor or impedance device. Grounded Conductor: A system or circuit conductor that is intentionally grounded. Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI): A device intended for the protection of personnel that functions to de energize a circuit or portion thereof within an established Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 7 of 62

8 period of time when a current to ground exceeds the values established for a Class A device. Informational Note: Class A ground-fault circuit-interrupters trip when the current to ground is 6 ma or higher and do not trip when the current to ground is less than 4 ma. For further information, see ANSI/UL 943, Standard for Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupters. Grounding Conductor, Equipment (EGC): The conductive path installed to connect normally non current-carrying metal parts of equipment together and to the system grounded conductor or to the grounding electrode conductor, or both. Informational Note No. 1: It is recognized that the equipment grounding conductor also performs bonding. Grounding Electrode: A conducting object through which a direct connection to earth is established. Grounding Electrode Conductor: A conductor used to connect the system grounded conductor or the equipment to a grounding electrode or to a point on the grounding electrode system. Guarded: Covered, shielded, fenced, enclosed, or otherwise protected by means of suitable covers, casings, barriers, rails, screens, mats, or platforms to remove the likelihood of approach or contact by persons or objects to a point of danger. Incident Energy: The amount of energy impressed on a surface, a certain distance from the source, generated during an electrical arc event. One of the units used to measure incident energy is calories per centimeter squared (Cal/cm2). Incident Energy Analysis: A component of an arc flash hazard analysis used to predict the incident energy of an arc flash for a specified set of conditions. Insulated: Separated from other conducting surfaces by a dielectric (including air space) offering a high resistance to the passage of current. Informational Note: When an object is said to be insulated, it is understood to be insulated for the conditions to which it is normally subject. Otherwise, it is, within the purpose of these rules, uninsulated. Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 8 of 62

9 Interrupter Switch: A switch capable of making, carrying, and interrupting specified currents. Interrupting Rating: The highest current at rated voltage that a device is identified to interrupt under standard test conditions. Informational Note: Equipment intended to interrupt current at other than fault levels may have its interrupting rating implied in other ratings, such as horsepower or locked rotor current. Isolated (as applied to location): Not readily accessible to persons unless special means for access are used. Labeled: Equipment or materials to which has been attached a label, symbol, or other identifying mark of an organization that is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction and concerned with product evaluation, that maintains periodic inspection of production of labeled equipment or materials, and by whose labeling the manufacturer indicates compliance with appropriate standards or performance in a specified manner. Listed: Equipment, materials, or services included in a list published by an organization that is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction and concerned with evaluation of products or services, that maintains periodic inspection of production of listed equipment or materials or periodic evaluation of services, and whose listing states that either the equipment, material, or service meets appropriate designated standards or has been tested and found suitable for a specified purpose. Informational Note: The means for identifying listed equipment may vary for each organization concerned with product evaluation; some organizations do not recognize equipment as listed unless it is also labeled. The authority having jurisdiction should utilize the system employed by the listing organization to identify a listed product. Luminaire: A complete lighting unit consisting of a lamp or lamps, together with the parts designed to distribute the light, to position and protect the lamps and ballast (where applicable), and to connect the lamps to the power supply. It may also include parts to protect the light source or the ballast or to distribute the light. Alamp holder is not a luminaire. Motor Control Center: An assembly of one or more enclosed sections having a common power bus and principally containing motor control units. Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 9 of 62

10 Outlet: A point on the wiring system at which current is taken to supply utilization equipment. Overcurrent: Any current in excess of the rated current of equipment or the ampacity of a conductor. It may result from overload, short circuit, or ground fault. Informational Note: A current in excess of rating may be accommodated by certain equipment and conductors for a given set of conditions. Therefore, the rules for overcurrent protection are specific for particular situations. Overload: Operation of equipment in excess of normal, full load rating, or of a conductor in excess of rated ampacity that, when it persists for a sufficient length of time, would cause damage or dangerous overheating. A fault, such as a short circuit or ground fault, is not an overload. Panel board: A single panel or group of panel units designed for assembly in the form of a single panel, including buses and automatic overcurrent devices, and equipped with or without switches for the control of light, heat, or power circuits; designed to be placed in a cabinet or cutout box placed in or against a wall, partition, or other support; and accessible only from the front. Premises Wiring (System): Interior and exterior wiring, including power, lighting, control, and signal circuit wiring together with all their associated hardware, fittings, and wiring devices, both permanently and temporarily installed. This includes: (a) wiring from the service point or power source to the outlets; or (b) wiring from and including the power source to the outlets where there is no service point. Such wiring does not include wiring internal to appliances, luminaires, motors, controllers, motor control centers, and similar equipment. Qualified Person: One who has skills and knowledge related to the construction and operation of the electrical equipment and installations and has received safety training to recognize and avoid the hazards involved. Raceway: An enclosed channel of metal or nonmetallic materials designed expressly for holding wires, cables, or bus bars, with additional functions as permitted in this standard. Raceways include, but are not limited to, rigid metal conduit, rigid nonmetallic conduit, intermediate metal conduit, liquid tight flexible conduit, flexible metallic tubing, flexible metal conduit, electrical metallic tubing, electrical nonmetallic tubing, underfloor raceways, cellular concrete floor raceways, cellular metal floor raceways, surface raceways, wire ways, and bus ways. Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 10 of 62

11 Receptacle: A receptacle is a contact device installed at the outlet for the connection of an attachment plug. A single receptacle is a single contact device with no other contact device on the same yoke. A multiple receptacle is two or more contact devices on the same yoke. Service Drop: The overhead conductors between the utility electric supply system and the service point. Service Lateral: The underground conductors between the utility electric supply system and the service point. Service Point: The point of connection between the facilities of the serving utility and the premises wiring. Shock Hazard: A dangerous condition associated with the possible release of energy caused by contact or approach to energized electrical conductors or circuit parts. Short-Circuit Current Rating: The prospective symmetrical fault current at a nominal voltage to which an apparatus or system is able to be connected without sustaining damage exceeding defined acceptance criteria. Single-Line Diagram: A diagram that shows, by means of single lines and graphic symbols, the course of an electric circuit or system of circuits and the component devices or parts used in the circuit or system. Special Permission: The written consent of the authority having jurisdiction. Step Potential: A ground potential gradient difference that can cause current flow from foot to foot through the body. Structure: That which is built or constructed. Switch, Isolating: A switch intended for isolating an electric circuit from the source of power. It has no interrupting rating, and it is intended to be operated only after the circuit has been opened by some other means. Switchboard: A large single panel, frame, or assembly of panels on which are mounted on the face, back, or both, switches, overcurrent and other protective devices, buses, and usually instruments. Switchboards are generally accessible from the rear as well as from the front and are not intended to be installed in cabinets. Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 11 of 62

12 Switchgear, Arc-Resistant: Equipment designed to withstand the effects of an internal arcing fault and that directs the internally released energy away from the employee. Switchgear, Metal-Clad. A switchgear assembly completely enclosed on all sides and top with sheet metal, having draw out switching and interrupting devices, and all live parts enclosed within grounded metal compartments. Switchgear, Metal-Enclosed: A switchgear assembly completely enclosed on all sides and top with sheet metal (except for ventilating openings and inspection windows), containing primary power circuit switching, interrupting devices, or both, with buses and connections. This assembly may include control and auxiliary devices. Access to the interior of the enclosure is provided by doors, removable covers, or both. Metalenclosed switchgear is available in non-arc-resistant or arc-resistant constructions. Switching Device: A device designed to close, open, or both, one or more electric circuits. Touch Potential: A ground potential gradient difference that can cause current flow from hand to hand, hand to foot, or another path, other than foot to foot, through the body. Ungrounded: Not connected to ground or to a conductive body that extends the ground connection. Unqualified Person: A person who is not a qualified person. Utilization Equipment: Equipment that utilizes electric energy for electronic, electromechanical, chemical, heating, lighting, or similar purposes. Ventilated: Provided with a means to permit circulation of air sufficient to remove an excess of heat, fumes, or vapors. Voltage (of a Circuit): The greatest root-mean-square (rms) (effective) difference of potential between any two conductors of the circuit concerned. Informational Note: Some systems, such as three-phase 4-wire, single-phase 3-wire, and 3-wire direct-current, may have various circuits of various voltages. Voltage, Nominal: A nominal value assigned to a circuit or system for the purpose of conveniently designating its voltage class (e.g., 120/240 volts, 480Y/277 volts, 600 Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 12 of 62

13 volts). The actual voltage at which a circuit operates can vary from the nominal within a range that permits satisfactory operation of equipment. Working On (energized electrical conductors or circuit parts): Intentionally coming in contact with energized electrical conductors or circuit parts with the hands, feet, or other body parts, with tools, probes, or with test equipment, regardless of the personal protective equipment a person is wearing. There are two categories of working on : Diagnostic (testing) is taking readings or measurements of electrical equipment with approved test equipment that does not require making any physical change to the equipment; repair is any physical alteration of electrical equipment (such as making or tightening connections, removing or replacing components, etc.). Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 13 of 62

14 2. APPLICATION OF SAFETY-RELATED WORK PRACTICES 2.1 SCOPE This section covers electrical safety-related work practices and procedures for employees who are exposed to an electrical hazard in workplaces covered in the scope of this standard. 2.2 PURPOSE These practices and procedures are intended to provide for employee safety relative to electrical hazards in the workplace. 2.3 RESPONSIBILITY D&D Tech Systems, Inc. shall provide the safety-related work practices and shall train the employee, who shall then implement them. Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 14 of 62

15 3. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ELECTRICAL SAFETY-RELATED WORK PRACTICES 3.1 RELATIONSHIPS WITH CONTRACTORS (OUTSIDE SERVICE PERSONNEL, AND SO FORTH) Host Employer Responsibilities The host employer shall inform to D&D Tech Systems, Inc. of the following: a. Known hazards that are covered by this standard, that are related to the D&D Tech Systems, Inc. work, and that might not be recognized by D&D Tech Systems, Inc. or its employees b. Information about the employer s installation that the D&D Tech Systems, Inc. needs to make the assessments required The host employer shall report observed contract employer related violations of this standard to D&D Tech Systems, Inc D&D Tech Systems, Inc. Responsibilities D&D Tech Systems, Inc. shall ensure that each of his or her employees is instructed in the hazards communicated to D&D Tech Systems, Inc. by the host employer. This instruction shall be in addition to the basic training required by this program D&D Tech Systems, Inc. shall ensure that each of his or her employees follows the work practices required by this standard and safety-related work rules required by the host employer D&D Tech Systems, Inc. shall advise the host employer of the following: a. Any unique hazards presented by the D&D Tech System s work b. Any unanticipated hazards found during the D&D Tech Systems, Inc. work that the host employer did not mention c. The measures the contractor took to correct any violations reported by the host employer under Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 15 of 62

16 3.1.3 Documentation There shall be a documented meeting between the host employer and the contract employer. 3.2 TRAINING REQUIREMENTS Safety Training The training requirements contained in this section shall apply to employees who face a risk of electrical hazard that is not reduced to a safe level by the applicable electrical installation requirements. Such employees shall be trained to understand the specific hazards associated with electrical energy. They shall be trained in safety-related work practices and procedural requirements, as necessary, to provide protection from the electrical hazards associated with their respective job or task assignments. Employees shall be trained to identify and understand the relationship between electrical hazards and possible injury Type of Training The training required by this section shall be classroom or on-the-job type, or a combination of the two. The degree of training provided shall be determined by the risk to the employee Emergency Procedures Employees exposed to shock hazards and those employees responsible for taking action in case of emergency shall be trained in methods of release of victims from contact with exposed energized electrical conductors or circuit parts. Employees shall be regularly instructed in methods of first aid and emergency procedures, such as approved methods of resuscitation, if their duties warrant such training. Training of employees in approved methods of resuscitation, including cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automatic external defibrillator (AED) use, shall be certified by the D&D Tech Systems, Inc. annually Employee Training Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 16 of 62

17 Qualified Person. A qualified person shall be trained and knowledgeable of the construction and operation of equipment or a specific work method and be trained to recognize and avoid the electrical hazards that might be present with respect to that equipment or work method Such persons shall also be familiar with the proper use of the special precautionary techniques; personal protective equipment including arc flash suit; insulating and shielding materials; and insulated tools and test equipment. A person can be considered qualified with respect to certain equipment and methods but still be unqualified for others Such persons permitted to work within the limited approach boundary of exposed energized electrical conductors and circuit parts operating at 50 volts or more shall, at a minimum, be additionally trained in all of the following: a. Skills and techniques necessary to distinguish exposed energized electrical conductors and circuit parts from other parts of electrical equipment b. Skills and techniques necessary to determine the nominal voltage of exposed energized electrical conductors and circuit parts c. Approach distances specified in Table 1 and Table 2 ( See annex 1) and the corresponding voltages to which the qualified person will be exposed d. Decision-making process necessary to determine the degree and extent of the hazard and the personal protective equipment and job planning necessary to perform the task safely An employee who is undergoing on-the-job training for the purpose of obtaining the skills and knowledge necessary to be considered a qualified person and who, in the course of such training, has demonstrated an ability to perform specific duties safely at his or her level of training, and who is under the direct supervision of a qualified person, shall be considered to be a qualified person for the performance of those specific duties Tasks that are performed less often than once per year shall require retraining before the performance of the work practices involved Employees shall be trained to select an appropriate voltage detector and shall demonstrate how to use a device to verify the absence of voltage, including interpreting indications provided by the device. The training shall include information that enables the employee to understand all limitations of each specific voltage detector that might be used D&D Tech Systems, Inc. shall determine, through regular supervision or through inspections conducted on at least an annual basis that each employee is complying with the safety-related work practices required by this standard. Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 17 of 62

18 Unqualified Persons. Unqualified persons shall be trained in, and be familiar with, any electrical safety related practices necessary for their safety Retraining. An employee shall receive additional training (or retraining) under any of the following conditions: If the supervision or annual inspections indicate that the employee is not complying with the safety-related work practices If new technology, new types of equipment, or changes in procedures necessitate the use of safety-related work practices that are different from those that the employee would normally use If he or she must employ safety-related work practices that are not normally used during his or her regular job duties Retraining shall be performed at intervals not to exceed 3 years Training Documentation D&D Tech Systems, Inc. will document that each employee has received the training required. This documentation shall be made when the employee demonstrates proficiency in the work practices involved and shall be maintained for the duration of the employee s employment. D&D Tech Systems, Inc. will use Internal form DDF-014 for document each training program General This program directs activity appropriate for the electrical hazards, voltage, energy level, and circuit conditions Awareness and Self-Discipline This electrical safety program is designed to provide an awareness of the potential electrical hazards to employees who work in an environment with the presence of electrical hazards. This program is developed to provide the required self-discipline for all employees who must perform work that may involve electrical hazards. The program shall instill safety principles and controls. Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 18 of 62

19 3.3.3 Electrical Safety Program Principles Inspect/evaluate the electrical equipment Maintain the electrical equipment s insulation and enclosure integrity Plan every job and document first-time procedures De-energize, if possible Anticipate unexpected events Identify and minimize the hazard Protect the employee from shock, burn, blast, and other hazards due to the working environment Use the right tools for the job Electrical Safety Program Controls This electrical safety program shall identify the controls by which it is measured and monitored: Every electrical conductor or circuit part is considered energized until proven otherwise. No bare-hand contact is to be made with exposed energized electrical conductors or circuit parts operating at 50 volts or more, unless the bare-hand method is properly used. De-energizing an electrical conductor or circuit part and making it safe to work on is, in itself, a potentially hazardous task. D&D Tech Systems, Inc. will develop programs, including training, and the employees apply them. Procedures are to be used as tools to identify the hazards and to develop plans to eliminate/control the hazards. Employees are to be trained to qualify them for working in an environment influenced by the presence of electrical energy. Tasks to be performed on or near exposed energized electrical conductors and circuit parts are to be identified/categorized. A logical approach is to be used to determine the potential hazard of task. Precautions appropriate to the working environment are to be identified and used Electrical Safety Program Procedures Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 19 of 62

20 The following are the procedures for working within the limited approach boundary and for working within the arc flash boundary before work is started: Purpose of task Qualifications and number of employees to be involved Hazardous nature and extent of task Limits of approach Safe work practices to be used Personal protective equipment involved Insulating materials and tools involved Special precautionary techniques Electrical diagrams Equipment details Sketches/pictures of unique features Reference data Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Procedure A hazard identification and a risk assessment procedure to will be used before work is started within the limited approach boundary or within the arc flash boundary of energized electrical conductors and circuit parts operating at 50 volts or more or where an electrical hazard exists. The procedure shall identify the process to be used by the employee before work is started to identify hazards and assess risks, including potential risk mitigation strategies Job Briefing General. Before starting each job, the employee in charge shall conduct a job briefing with the employees involved. The briefing shall cover such subjects as hazards associated with the job, work procedures involved, special precautions, energy source controls, personal protective equipment requirements, and the information on the energized electrical work permit, if required. Additional job briefings shall be held if changes that might affect the safety of employees occur during the course of the work Repetitive or Similar Tasks. If the work or operations to be performed during the work day or shift are repetitive and similar, at least one job briefing shall be conducted before the start of the first job of the day or shift. Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 20 of 62

21 Routine Work. Prior to starting work, a brief discussion shall be satisfactory if the work involved is routine and if the employee is qualified for the task. A more extensive discussion shall be conducted if either of the following apply: a. The work is complicated or particularly hazardous. b. The employee cannot be expected to recognize and avoid the hazards involved in the job Electrical Safety Auditing Electrical Safety Program. The electrical safety program shall be audited to verify the principles and procedures of the electrical safety program are in compliance with this program. The frequency of the audit shall not exceed 3 years Field Work. Field work shall be audited to verify the requirements contained in the procedures of the electrical safety program are being followed. When the auditing determines that the principles and procedures of the electrical safety program are not being followed, the appropriate revisions to the training program or revisions to the procedures shall be made Documentation. The audit shall be documented. 3.4 USE OF EQUIPMENT Test Instruments and Equipment Testing. Only qualified persons shall perform tasks such as testing, troubleshooting, and voltage measuring within the limited approach boundary of energized electrical conductors or circuit parts operating at 50 volts or more or where an electrical hazard exists Rating. Test instruments, equipment, and their accessories shall be rated for circuits and equipment to which they will be connected Design. Test instruments, equipment, and their accessories shall be designed for the environment to which they will be exposed and for the manner in which they will be used Visual Inspection. Test instruments and equipment and all associated test leads, cables, power cords, probes, and connectors shall be visually inspected for external defects and damage before each use. If there is a defect or evidence of damage that might expose an employee to injury, the defective or damaged item shall be removed from service, and no employee Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 21 of 62

22 shall use it until repairs and tests necessary to render the equipment safe have been made Operation Verification. When test instruments are used for testing the absence of voltage on conductors or circuit parts operating at 50 volts or more, the operation of the test instrument shall be verified before and after an absence of voltage test is performed Portable Electric Equipment This section applies to the use of cord- and plug-connected equipment, including cord sets (extension cords) Handling. Portable equipment shall be handled in a manner that will not cause damage. Flexible electric cords connected to equipment shall not be used for raising or lowering the equipment. Flexible cords shall not be fastened with staples or hung in such a fashion as could damage the outer jacket or insulation Grounding-Type Equipment. a. A flexible cord used with grounding-type utilization equipment shall contain an equipment grounding conductor. b. Attachment plugs and receptacles shall not be connected or altered in a manner that would interrupt continuity of the equipment grounding conductor. Additionally, these devices shall not be altered in order to allow use in a manner that was not intended by the manufacturer. c. Adapters that interrupt the continuity of the equipment grounding conductor shall not be used Visual Inspection of Portable Cord- and Plug-Connected Equipment and Flexible Cord Sets. a. Frequency of Inspection. Before each use, portable cord- and plugconnected equipment shall be visually inspected for external defects (such as loose parts or deformed and missing pins) and for evidence of possible internal damage (such as a pinched or crushed outer jacket). Exception: Cord- and plug-connected equipment and flexible cord sets (extension cords) that remain connected once they are put in place and are not exposed to damage shall not be required to be visually inspected until they are relocated. b. Defective Equipment. If there is a defect or evidence of damage that might expose an employee to injury, the defective or damaged item shall be Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 22 of 62

23 removed from service, and no employee shall use it until repairs and tests necessary to render the equipment safe have been made. c. Proper Mating. When an attachment plug is to be connected to a receptacle, the relationship of the plug and receptacle contacts shall first be checked to ensure that they are of mating configurations. d. Conductive Work Locations. Portable electric equipment used in highly conductive work locations (such as those inundated with water or other conductive liquids), or in job locations where employees are likely to contact water or conductive liquids, shall be approved for those locations. In job locations where employees are likely to contact or be drenched with water or conductive liquids, ground-fault circuit-interrupter protection for personnel shall also be used Connecting Attachment Plugs. a. Employees hands shall not be wet when plugging and unplugging flexible cords and cord- and plug connected equipment if energized equipment is involved. b. Energized plug and receptacle connections shall be handled only with insulating protective equipment if the condition of the connection could provide a conductive path to the employee s hand (for example, if a cord connector is wet from being immersed in water). c. Locking-type connectors shall be secured after connection Ground-Fault Circuit-Interrupter (GFCI) Protection General. Employees shall be provided with ground fault circuit-interrupter (GFCI) protection where required by applicable state, federal, or local codes and standards. Listed cord sets or devices incorporating listed GFCI protection for personnel identified for portable use shall be permitted Outdoors. GFCI protection shall be provided when an employee is outdoors and operating or using cord- and plug-connected equipment supplied by 125- volt, 15-, 20-, or 30-ampere circuits. Where employees working outdoors operate or use equipment supplied by other than 125-volt, 15, 20, or 30 ampere circuits, assured equipment grounding conductor program shall be implemented Ground-Fault Circuit-Interrupter Protection Devices GFCI protection devices shall be tested in accordance with the manufacturer s instructions. Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 23 of 62

24 3.4.5 Overcurrent Protection Modification Overcurrent protection of circuits and conductors shall not be modified, even on a temporary basis, beyond that permitted by applicable portions of electrical codes and standards dealing with overcurrent protection. 3.5 UNDERGROUND ELECTRICAL LINES AND EQUIPMENT. Before excavation starts, and where there exists a reasonable possibility of contacting electrical lines or equipment, the employer shall take the necessary steps to contact the appropriate owners or authorities to identify and mark the location of the electrical lines or equipment. When it has been determined that a reasonable possibility for contacting electrical lines or equipment exists, a hazard analysis shall be performed to identify the appropriate safe work practices that shall be used during the excavation. Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 24 of 62

25 4 ESTABLISHING AN ELECTRICALLY SAFE WORK CONDITION 4.1 PROCESS OF ACHIEVING AN ELECTRICALLY SAFE WORK CONDITION. An electrically safe work condition shall be achieved when performed in accordance with the procedures of 4.2 and verified by the following process: Determine all possible sources of electrical supply to the specific equipment. Check applicable up-to-date drawings, diagrams, and identification tags. After properly interrupting the load current, open the disconnecting device(s) for each source. Wherever possible, visually verify that all blades of the disconnecting devices are fully open or that draw out type circuit breakers are withdrawn to the fully disconnected position. Apply lockout/tagout devices in accordance with a documented and established policy. Use an adequately rated voltage detector to test each phase conductor or circuit part to verify they are de-energized. Test each phase conductor or circuit part both phase-to-phase and phase-to-ground. Before and after each test, determine that the voltage detector is operating satisfactorily. Where the possibility of induced voltages or stored electrical energy exists, ground the phase conductors or circuit parts before touching them. Where it could be reasonably anticipated that the conductors or circuit parts being deenergized could contact other exposed energized conductors or circuit parts, apply ground connecting devices rated for the available fault duty. 4.2 DE-ENERGIZED ELECTRICAL CONDUCTORS OR CIRCUIT PARTS THAT HAVE LOCKOUT/TAGOUT DEVICES APPLIED. Each employer shall identify, document, and implement lockout/tagout procedures conforming to section 4 to safeguard employees from exposure to electrical hazards. The lockout/tagout procedure shall be appropriate for the experience and training of the employees and conditions as they exist in the workplace. Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 25 of 62

26 4.2.1 General All electrical circuit conductors and circuit parts shall be considered energized until the source(s) of energy is (are) removed, at which time they shall be considered de-energized. All electrical conductors and circuit parts shall not be considered to be in an electrically safe work condition until all of the applicable requirements of section 4 have been met. Informational Note: See 4.1 for the six-step procedure to verify an electrically safe work condition. Electrical conductors and circuit parts that have been disconnected, but not under lockout/tagout; tested; and grounded (where appropriate) shall not be considered to be in an electrically safe work condition, and safe work practices appropriate for the circuit voltage and energy level shall be used. Lockout/tagout requirements shall apply to fixed, permanently installed equipment; to temporarily installed equipment; and to portable equipment Principles of Lockout / Tagout Execution Employee Involvement. Each person who could be exposed directly or indirectly to a source of electrical energy shall be involved in the lockout/tagout process. An example of direct exposure is the qualified electrician who works on the motor starter control, the power circuits, or the motor. An example of indirect exposure is the person who works on the coupling between the motor and compressor Training. All persons who could be exposed shall be trained to understand the established procedure to control the energy and their responsibility in executing the procedure. New (or reassigned) employees shall be trained (or retrained) to understand the lockout/tagout procedure as it relates to their new assignment. Retraining shall be required as the established procedure is revised Plan. A plan shall be developed on the basis of the existing electrical equipment and system and shall use up to- date diagrammatic drawing representation(s) Control of Energy. All sources of electrical energy shall be controlled in such a way as to minimize employee exposure to electrical hazards Identification. The lockout/tagout device shall be unique and readily identifiable as a lockout/tagout device Voltage. Voltage shall be removed and absence of voltage verified. Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 26 of 62

27 Coordination. The established electrical lockout/tagout procedure shall be coordinated with all of the employer s procedures associated with lockout/tagout of other energy sources Responsibility Procedures. The employer shall establish lockout/tagout procedures for the organization, provide training to employees, provide equipment necessary to execute the details of the procedure, audit execution of the procedures to ensure employee understanding/compliance, and audit the procedure for improvement opportunity and completeness Form of Control. Two forms of hazardous electrical energy control shall be permitted: simple lockout/tagout and complex lockout/tagout [see 4.2.4]. For the simple lockout/tagout, the qualified person shall be in charge. For the complex lockout/tagout, the person in charge shall have overall responsibility Audit Procedures. An audit shall be conducted at least annually by a qualified person and shall cover at least one lockout/tagout in progress and the procedure details. The audit shall be designed to correct deficiencies in the established electrical lockout/tagout procedure or in employee understanding Hazardous Electrical Energy Control Procedure Simple Lockout/Tagout Procedure. All lockout/tagout procedures that involve only a qualified person(s) de-energizing one set of conductors or circuit part source for the sole purpose of safeguarding employees from exposure to electrical hazards shall be considered to be a simple lockout/tagout. Simple lockout/tagout plans shall not be required to be written for each application. Each worker shall be responsible for his or her own lockout/tagout Complex Lockout/Tagout Procedure. a. A complex lockout/tagout plan shall be permitted where one or more of the following exist: (1) Multiple energy sources (2) Multiple crews (3) Multiple crafts (4) Multiple locations (5) Multiple employers (6) Multiple disconnecting means Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 27 of 62

28 (7) Particular sequences (8) Job or task that continues for more than one work period b. All complex lockout/tagout procedures shall require a written plan of execution that identifies the person in charge. c. The complex lockout/tagout procedure shall vest primary responsibility in an authorized employee for a set number of employees working under the protection of a group lockout or tagout device (such as an operation lock). The person in charge shall be held accountable for safe execution of the complex lockout/tagout. d. Each authorized employee shall affix a personal lockout or tagout device to the group lockout device, group lockbox, or comparable mechanism when he or she begins work and shall remove those devices when he or she stops working on the machine or equipment being serviced or maintained. e. The complex lockout/tagout procedure shall address all the concerns of employees who might be exposed. All complex lockout/tagout plans shall identify the method to account for all persons who might be exposed to electrical hazards in the course of the lockout/tagout Coordination. a. The established electrical lockout/tagout procedure shall be coordinated with all other employer s procedures for control of exposure to electrical energy sources such that all employer s procedural requirements are adequately addressed on a site basis. b. The procedure for control of exposure to electrical hazards shall be coordinated with other procedures for control of other hazardous energy sources such that they are based on similar/identical concepts. c. The electrical lockout/tagout procedure shall always include voltage testing requirements where there might be direct exposure to electrical energy hazards. d. Electrical lockout/tagout devices shall be permitted to be similar to lockout/tagout devices for control of other hazardous energy sources, such as pneumatic, hydraulic, thermal, and mechanical, if such devices are used only for control of hazardous energy and for no other purpose Training and Retraining. Each employer shall provide training as required to ensure employees understanding of the lockout/tagout procedure content and their duty in executing such procedures. Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 28 of 62

29 4.2.5 Equipment Lock Application. Energy isolation devices for machinery or equipment installed after January 2, 1990, shall be capable of accepting a lockout device Lockout/Tagout Device. Each employer shall supply, and employees shall use, lockout/tagout devices and equipment necessary to execute the requirements of Locks and tags used for control of exposure to electrical energy hazards shall be unique, shall be readily identifiable as lockout/tagout devices, and shall be used for no other purpose Lockout Device. a. A lockout device shall include a lock (either keyed or combination). b. The lockout device shall include a method of identifying the individual who installed the lockout device. c. A lockout device shall be permitted to be only a lock, if the lock is readily identifiable as a lockout device, in addition to having a means of identifying the person who installed the lock. d. Lockout devices shall be attached to prevent operation of the disconnecting means without resorting to undue force or the use of tools. e. Where a tag is used in conjunction with a lockout device, the tag shall contain a statement prohibiting unauthorized operation of the disconnecting means or unauthorized removal of the device. f. Lockout devices shall be suitable for the environment and for the duration of the lockout. g. Whether keyed or combination locks are used, the key or combination shall remain in the possession of the individual installing the lock or the person in charge, when provided by the established procedure Tagout Device. a. A tagout device shall include a tag together with an attachment means. b. The tagout device shall be readily identifiable as a tagout device and suitable for the environment and duration of the tagout. c. A tagout device attachment means shall be capable of withstanding at least N (50 lb.) of force exerted at a right angle to the disconnecting means surface. The tag attachment means shall be no reusable, attachable by hand, self-locking, no releasable, and equal to an all environmental tolerant nylon cable tie. d. Tags shall contain a statement prohibiting unauthorized operation of the disconnecting means or removal of the tag. e. A hold card tagging tool on an overhead conductor in conjunction with a hotline tool to install the tagout device safely on a disconnect that is isolated from the work(s) shall be permitted. Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 29 of 62

30 Electrical Circuit Interlocks. Up-to-date diagrammatic drawings shall be consulted to ensure that no electrical circuit interlock operation can result in reenergizing the circuit being worked on Control Devices. Locks/tags shall be installed only on circuit disconnecting means. Control devices, such as pushbuttons or selector switches, shall not be used as the primary isolating device Procedures The employer shall maintain a copy of the procedures required by this section and shall make the procedures available to all employees Planning. The procedure shall require planning, including the requirements of (a) through (n). a. Locating Sources. Up-to-date single-line drawings shall be considered a primary reference source for such information. When up-to-date drawings are not available, the employer shall be responsible for ensuring that an equally effective means of locating all sources of energy is employed. b. Exposed Persons. The plan shall identify persons who might be exposed to an electrical hazard and the personal protective equipment required during the execution of the job or task. c. Person in Charge. The plan shall identify the person in charge and his or her responsibility in the lockout/tagout. d. Simple Lockout/Tagout. Simple lockout/tagout procedure shall be in accordance with e. Complex Lockout/Tagout. Complex lockout/tagout procedure shall be in accordance with Elements of Control. The procedure shall identify elements of control. a. De-energizing Equipment (Shutdown). The procedure shall establish the person who performs the switching and where and how to de-energize the load. b. Stored Energy. The procedure shall include requirements for releasing stored electric or mechanical energy that might endanger personnel. All capacitors shall be discharged, and high capacitance elements shall also be short-circuited and grounded before the associated equipment is touched or worked on. Springs shall be released or physical restraint shall be applied when necessary to immobilize mechanical equipment and pneumatic and hydraulic pressure reservoirs. Other sources of stored energy shall be blocked or otherwise relieved. Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 30 of 62

31 c. Disconnecting Means. The procedure shall identify how to verify that the circuit is de-energized (open). d. Responsibility. The procedure shall identify the person who is responsible for verifying that the lockout/tagout procedure is implemented and who is responsible for ensuring that the task is completed prior to removing locks/tags. A mechanism to accomplish lockout/tagout for multiple (complex) jobs/tasks where required, including the person responsible for coordination, shall be included. e. Verification. The procedure shall verify that equipment cannot be restarted. The equipment operating controls, such as pushbuttons, selector switches, and electrical interlocks, shall be operated or otherwise it shall be verified that the equipment cannot be restarted. f. Testing. The procedure shall establish the following: i. Voltage detector to be used, the required personal protective equipment, and the person who will use it to verify proper operation of the voltage detector before and after use ii. Requirement to define the boundary of the electrically safe work condition iii. Requirement to test before touching every exposed conductor or circuit part(s) within the defined boundary of the work area iv. Requirement to retest for absence of voltage when circuit conditions change or when the job location has been left unattended v. Planning considerations that include methods of verification where there is no accessible exposed point to take voltage measurements g. Grounding. Grounding requirements for the circuit shall be established, including whether the temporary protective grounding equipment shall be installed for the duration of the task or is temporarily established by the procedure. Grounding needs or requirements shall be permitted to be covered in other work rules and might not be part of the lockout/tagout procedure. h. Shift Change. A method shall be identified in the procedure to transfer responsibility for lockout/tagout to another person or to the person in charge when the job or task extends beyond one shift. i. Coordination. The procedure shall establish how coordination is accomplished with other jobs or tasks in progress, including related jobs or tasks at remote locations, including the person responsible for coordination. j. Accountability for Personnel. A method shall be identified in the procedure to account for all persons who could be exposed to hazardous energy during the lockout/tagout. Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 31 of 62

32 k. Lockout/Tagout Application. The procedure shall clearly identify when and where lockout applies, in addition to when and where tagout applies, and shall address the following: i. Lockout shall be defined as installing a lockout device on all sources of hazardous energy such that operation of the disconnecting means is prohibited and forcible removal of the lock is required to operate the disconnecting means. ii. Tagout shall be defined as installing a tagout device on all sources of hazardous energy, such that operation of the disconnecting means is prohibited. The tagout device shall be installed in the same position available for the lockout device. iii. Where it is not possible to attach a lock to existing disconnecting means, the disconnecting means shall not be used as the only means to put the circuit in an electrically safe work condition. iv. The use of tagout procedures without a lock shall be permitted only in cases where equipment design precludes the installation of a lock on an energy isolation device(s). When tagout is employed, at least one additional safety measure shall be employed. In such cases, the procedure shall clearly establish responsibilities and accountability for each person who might be exposed to electrical hazards. l. Removal of Lockout/Tagout Devices. The procedure shall identify the details for removing locks or tags when the installing individual is unavailable. When locks or tags are removed by someone other than the installer, the employer shall attempt to locate that person prior to removing the lock or tag. When the lock or tag is removed because the installer is unavailable, the installer shall be informed prior to returning to work. m. Release for Return to Service. The procedure shall identify steps to be taken when the job or task requiring lockout/tagout is completed. Before electric circuits or equipment are reenergized, appropriate tests and visual inspections shall be conducted to verify that all tools, mechanical restraints and electrical jumpers, short circuits, and temporary protective grounding equipment have been removed, so that the circuits and equipment are in a condition to be safely energized. Where appropriate, the employees responsible for operating the machines or process shall be notified when circuits and equipment are ready to be energized, and such employees shall provide assistance as necessary to safely energize the circuits and equipment. The procedure shall contain a statement requiring the area to be inspected to ensure that nonessential items have been removed. One such step shall ensure that all personnel are clear of exposure to dangerous conditions resulting from reenergizing the service Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 32 of 62

33 and that blocked mechanical equipment or grounded equipment is cleared and prepared for return to service. n. Temporary Release for Testing/Positioning. The procedure shall clearly identify the steps and qualified persons responsibilities when the job or task requiring lockout/tagout is to be interrupted temporarily for testing or positioning of equipment; then the steps shall be identical to the steps for return to service. 4.3 TEMPORARY PROTECTIVE GROUNDING EQUIPMENT Placement Temporary protective grounding equipment shall be placed at such locations and arranged in such a manner as to prevent each employee from being exposed to hazardous differences in electrical potential Capacity Temporary protective grounding equipment shall be capable of conducting the maximum fault current that could flow at the point of grounding for the time necessary to clear the fault Equipment Approval Temporary protective grounding equipment shall meet the requirements of ASTM F 855, Standard Specification for Temporary Protective Grounds to be used on De-energized Electric Power Lines and Equipment Impedance Temporary protective grounding equipment and connections shall have an impedance low enough to cause immediate operation of protective devices in case of accidental energizing of the electric conductors or circuit parts. Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 33 of 62

34 5 WORK INVOLVING ELECTRICAL HAZARDS 5.1 GENERAL All requirements of this article shall apply whether an incident energy analysis is completed. 5.2 ELECTRICALLY SAFE WORKING CONDITIONS Energized electrical conductors and circuit parts to which an employee might be exposed shall be put into an electrically safe work condition before an employee performs work if either of the following conditions exist: 1. The employee is within the limited approach boundary. 2. The employee interacts with equipment where conductors or circuit parts are not exposed, but an increased risk of injury from an exposure to an arc flash hazard exists. Exception: Where a disconnecting means or isolating element that has been properly installed and maintained is operated, opened, closed, removed, or inserted to achieve an electrically safe work condition for connected equipment or to return connected equipment to service that has been placed in an electrically safe work condition, the equipment supplying the disconnecting means or isolating element shall not be required to be placed in an electrically safe work condition provided a risk assessment is performed and does not identify unacceptable risks for the task Energized Work Greater Hazard. Energized work shall be permitted where the employer can demonstrate that de-energizing introduces additional hazards or increased risk Infeasibility. Energized work shall be permitted where the employer can demonstrate that the task to be performed is infeasible in a de-energized state due to equipment design or operational limitations Less Than 50 Volts. Energized electrical conductors and circuit parts that operate at less than 50 volts shall not be required to be de-energized where the capacity of the source and any overcurrent protection between the energy source and the worker are considered and it is determined that there will be no increased exposure to electrical burns or to explosion due to electric arcs. Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 34 of 62

35 5.2.2 Energized Electrical Work Permit When Required. When working within the limited approach boundary or the arc flash boundary of exposed energized electrical conductors or circuit parts that are not placed in an electrically safe work condition [that is, for the reasons of increased or additional hazards or infeasibility per 5.2.1], work to be performed shall be considered energized electrical work and shall be performed by written permit only Elements of Work Permit. The energized electrical work permit shall include, but not be limited to, the following items: 1. Description of the circuit and equipment to be worked on and their location 2. Justification for why the work must be performed in an energized condition 3. Description of the safe work practices to be employed 4. Results of the shock hazard analysis a. Limited approach boundary b. Restricted approach boundary c. Prohibited approach boundary d. Necessary shock personal and other protective equipment to safely perform the assigned task 5. Results of the arc flash hazard analysis a. Available incident energy or hazard/risk category b. Necessary personal protective equipment to safely perform the assigned task. c. Arc flash boundary 6. Means employed to restrict the access of unqualified persons from the work area 7. Evidence of completion of a job briefing, including a discussion of any jobspecific hazards 8. Energized work approval (authorizing or responsible management, safety officer, or owner, etc.) signature(s) Exemptions to Work Permit. Work performed within the limited approach boundary of energized electrical conductors or circuit parts by qualified persons related to tasks such as testing, troubleshooting, and voltage measuring shall be permitted to be performed without an energized electrical work permit, if appropriate safe work practices and personal protective equipment in accordance with Chapter 1 are provided and used. If the purpose of crossing the limited approach boundary is only for visual inspection and the restricted approach boundary will not be crossed, then an energized electrical work permit shall not be required. Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 35 of 62

36 5.3 WORKING WHILE EXPOSED TO ELECTRICAL HAZARDS General Safety-related work practices shall be used to safeguard employees from injury while they are exposed to electrical hazards from electrical conductors or circuit parts that are or can become energized. The specific safety related work practices shall be consistent with the nature and extent of the associated electrical hazards Energized Electrical Conductors and Circuit Parts Safe Work Condition. Before an employee works within the limited approach boundary, energized electrical conductors and circuit parts to which an employee might be exposed shall be put into an electrically safe work condition, unless work on energized components can be justified Energized Electrical Conductors and Circuit Parts Unsafe Work Condition. Only qualified persons shall be permitted to work on electrical conductors or circuit parts that have not been put into an electrically safe work condition Working Within the Limited Approach Boundary of Exposed Electrical Conductors or Circuit Parts That Are or Might Become Energized Electrical Hazard Analysis. If the energized electrical conductors or circuit parts operating at 50 volts or more are not placed in an electrically safe work condition, other safety-related work practices shall be used to protect employees who might be exposed to the electrical hazards involved. Such work practices shall protect each employee from arc flash and from contact with energized electrical conductors or circuit parts operating at 50 volts or more directly with any part of the body or indirectly through some other conductive object. Work practices that are used shall be suitable for the conditions under which the work is to be performed and for the voltage level of the energized electrical conductors or circuit parts. Appropriate safety related work practices shall be determined before any person is exposed to the electrical hazards involved by using both shock hazard analysis and arc flash hazard analysis. Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 36 of 62

37 Safety Interlocks. Only qualified persons following the requirements for working inside the restricted approach boundary as covered by shall be permitted to defeat or bypass an electrical safety interlock over which the person has sole control, and then only temporarily while the qualified person is working on the equipment. The safety interlock system shall be returned to its operable condition when the work is completed. 5.4 APPROACH BOUNDARIES TO ENERGIZED ELECTRICAL CONDUCTORS OR CIRCUIT PARTS Shock Hazard Analysis A shock hazard analysis shall determine the voltage to which personnel will be exposed, the boundary requirements, and the personal protective equipment necessary in order to minimize the possibility of electric shock to personnel Shock Protection Boundaries The shock protection boundaries identified as limited approach, restricted approach, and prohibited approach boundaries shall be applicable where approaching personnel are exposed to energized electrical conductors or circuit parts. Table 1 (See annex 1) shall be used for the distances associated with various ac system voltages. Table 2 (see annex 1) shall be used for the distances associated with various dc system voltages Approach to Expose Energized Electrical Conductors or Circuit Parts Operating at 50 Volts or More No qualified person shall approach or take any conductive object closer to exposed energized electrical conductors or circuit parts operating at 50 volts or more than the restricted approach boundary set forth in Table 1 and Table 2 (see annex 1), unless any of the following apply: The qualified person is insulated or guarded from the energized electrical conductors or circuit parts operating at 50 volts or more. Insulating gloves or insulating gloves and sleeves are considered insulation only with regard to the energized parts upon which work is being performed. If there is a need for an uninsulated part of the qualified person s body to cross the prohibited approach boundary, a combination of , , and shall be used to protect the uninsulated body parts. Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 37 of 62

38 The energized electrical conductors or circuit part operating at 50 volts or more are insulated from the qualified person and from any other conductive object at a different potential The qualified person is insulated from any other conductive object as during live-line bare-hand work Approach by Unqualified Persons Unless permitted by , no unqualified person shall be permitted to approach nearer than the limited approach boundary of energized conductors and circuit parts Working At or Close to the Limited Approach Boundary. Where one or more unqualified persons are working at or close to the limited approach boundary, the designated person in charge of the work space where the electrical hazard exists shall advise the unqualified person(s) of the electrical hazard and warn him or her to stay outside of the limited approach boundary Entering the Limited Approach Boundary. Where there is a need for an unqualified person(s) to cross the limited approach boundary, a qualified person shall advise him or her of the possible hazards and continuously escort the unqualified person(s) while inside the limited approach boundary. Under no circumstance shall the escorted unqualified person(s) be permitted to cross the restricted approach boundary. 5.5 ARC FLASH HAZARD ANALYSIS An arc flash hazard analysis shall determine the arc flash boundary, the incident energy at the working distance, and the personal protective equipment that people within the arc flash boundary shall use. The arc flash hazard analysis shall be updated when a major modification or renovation takes place. It shall be reviewed periodically, not to exceed 5 years, to account for changes in the electrical distribution system that could affect the results of the arc flash hazard analysis. The arc flash hazard analysis shall take into consideration the design of the overcurrent protective device and its opening time, including its condition of maintenance. Exception: The requirements of and shall be permitted to be used in lieu of determining the incident energy at the working distance. Informational Note No. 1: Improper or inadequate maintenance can result in increased opening time of the overcurrent protective device, thus increasing the incident energy. Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 38 of 62

39 Informational Note No. 2: Both larger and smaller available short-circuit currents could result in higher available arc flash energies. If the available short-circuit current increases without a decrease in the opening time of the overcurrent protective device, the arc flash energy will increase. If the available short-circuit current decreases, resulting in a longer opening time for the overcurrent protective device, arc flash energies could also increase. Informational Note No. 3: The occurrence of an arcing fault inside an enclosure produces a variety of physical phenomena very different from a bolted fault. For example, the arc energy resulting from an arc developed in the air will cause a sudden pressure increase and localized overheating. Equipment and design practices are available to minimize the energy levels and the number of at-risk procedures that require an employee to be exposed to high level energy sources. Proven designs such as arc-resistant switchgear, remote racking (insertion or removal), remote opening and closing of switching devices, high-resistance grounding of low-voltage and 5-kV (nominal) systems, current limitation, and specification of covered bus or covered conductors within equipment are techniques available to reduce the hazard of the system Arc Flash Boundary The arc flash boundary for systems 50 volts and greater shall be the distance at which the incident energy equals 5 J/cm2 (1.2 Cal/cm2) Protective Clothing and Other Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for Application with an Arc Flash Hazard Analysis Where it has been determined that work will be performed within the arc flash boundary, one of the following methods shall be used for the selection of protective clothing and other personal protective equipment (PPE): Incident Energy Analysis. The incident energy analysis shall determine, and the employer shall document, the incident energy exposure of the worker (in calories per square centimeter). The incident energy exposure level shall be based on the working distance of the employee s face and chest areas from a prospective arc source for the specific task to be performed. Arc-rated clothing and other PPE shall be used by the employee based on the incident energy exposure associated with the specific task. Recognizing that incident energy increases as the distance from the arc flash decreases, additional Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 39 of 62

40 PPE shall be used for any parts of the body that are closer than the distance at which the incident energy was determined Hazard/Risk Categories. The requirements of and shall be permitted to be used for the selection and use of personal and other protective equipment Equipment Labeling Electrical equipment such as switchboards, panel boards, industrial control panels, meter socket enclosures, and motor control centers that are in other than dwelling units, and are likely to require examination, adjustment, servicing, or maintenance while energized, shall be field marked with a label containing all the following information: At least one of the following: 1. Available incident energy and the corresponding working distance. 2. Minimum arc rating of clothing. 3. Required level of PPE. 4. Highest Hazard/Risk Category (HRC) for the equipment Nominal system voltage Arc Flash boundary. Exception: Labels applied prior to September 30, 2011, are acceptable if they contain the available incident energy or required level of PPE. The method of calculating and data to support the information for the label shall be documented. 5.6 OTHER PRECAUTIONS FOR PERSONNEL ACTIVITIES Alertness When Hazardous. Employees shall be instructed to be alert at all times when they are working within the limited approach boundary of energized electrical conductors or circuit parts operating at 50 volts or more and in work situations where electrical hazards might exist When Impaired. Employees shall not be permitted to work within the limited approach boundary of energized electrical conductors or circuit parts operating at 50 volts or more, or where other electrical hazards exist, while Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 40 of 62

41 their alertness is recognizably impaired due to illness, fatigue, or other reasons Changes in Scope. Employees shall be instructed to be alert for changes in the job or task that may lead the person outside of the electrically safe work condition or expose the person to additional hazards that were not part of the original plan Blind Reaching Employees shall be instructed not to reach blindly into areas that might contain exposed energized electrical conductors or circuit parts where an electrical hazard exists Illumination General. Employees shall not enter spaces containing electrical hazards unless illumination is provided that enables the employees to perform the work safely Obstructed View of Work Area. Where lack of illumination or an obstruction precludes observation of the work to be performed, employees shall not perform any task within the limited approach boundary of energized electrical conductors or circuit parts operating at 50 volts or more or where an electrical hazard exists Conductive Articles Being Worn Conductive articles of jewelry and clothing (such as watchbands, bracelets, rings, key chains, necklaces, metalized aprons, cloth with conductive thread, metal headgear, or metal frame glasses) shall not be worn where they present an electrical contact hazard with exposed energized electrical conductors or circuit parts Conductive Materials, Tools, and Equipment Being Handled General. Conductive materials, tools, and equipment that are in contact with any part of an employee s body shall be handled in a manner that prevents accidental contact with energized electrical conductors or circuit parts. Such materials and equipment shall include, but are not limited to, long conductive objects, such as ducts, pipes and tubes, conductive hose and rope, metal- Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 41 of 62

42 lined rules and scales, steel tapes, pulling lines, metal scaffold parts, structural members, bull floats, and chains Approach to Energize Electrical Conductors and Circuit Parts. Means shall be employed to ensure that conductive materials approach exposed energized electrical conductors or circuit parts no closer than that permitted by Confined or Enclosed Work Spaces When an employee works in a confined or enclosed space (such as a manhole or vault) that contains exposed energized electrical conductors or circuit parts operating at 50 volts or more, or where an electrical hazard exists, the employer shall provide, and the employee shall use, protective shields, protective barriers, or insulating materials as necessary to avoid inadvertent contact with these parts and the effects of the electrical hazards Doors and Hinged Panels Doors, hinged panels, and the like shall be secured to prevent their swinging into an employee and causing the employee to contact exposed energized electrical conductors or circuit parts operating at 50 volts or more or where an electrical hazard exists if movement of the door, hinged panel, and the like is likely to create a hazard Housekeeping Duties Employees shall not perform housekeeping duties inside the limited approach boundary where there is a possibility of contact with energized electrical conductors or circuit parts, unless adequate safeguards (such as insulating equipment or barriers) are provided to prevent contact. Electrically conductive cleaning materials (including conductive solids such as steel wool, metalized cloth, and silicone carbide, as well as conductive liquid solutions) shall not be used inside the limited approach boundary unless procedures to prevent electrical contact are followed Occasional Use of Flammable Materials Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 42 of 62

43 Where flammable materials are present only occasionally, electric equipment capable of igniting them shall not be permitted to be used, unless measures are taken to prevent hazardous conditions from developing. Such materials shall include, but are not limited to, flammable gases, vapors, or liquids; combustible dust; and ignitable fibers or flying Anticipating Failure When there is evidence that electric equipment could fail and injure employees, the electric equipment shall be de-energized, unless the employer can demonstrate that de-energizing introduces additional hazards or increased risk or is infeasible because of equipment design or operational limitation. Until the equipment is de-energized or repaired, employees shall be protected from hazards associated with the impending failure of the equipment by suitable barricades and other alerting techniques necessary for safety of the employees Routine Opening and Closing of Circuits Load rated switches, circuit breakers, or other devices specifically designed as disconnecting means shall be used for the opening, reversing, or closing of circuits under load conditions. Cable connectors not of the load-break type, fuses, terminal lugs, and cable splice connections shall not be permitted to be used for such purposes, except in an emergency Reclosing Circuits after Protective Device Operation After a circuit is de-energized by the automatic operation of a circuit protective device, the circuit shall not be manually reenergized until it has been determined that the equipment and circuit can be safely energized. The repetitive manual reclosing of circuit breakers or reenergizing circuits through replaced fuses shall be prohibited. When it is determined that the automatic operation of a device was caused by an overload rather than a fault condition, examination of the circuit or connected equipment shall not be required before the circuit is reenergized. 5.7 PERSONAL AND OTHER PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 43 of 62

44 5.7.1 General Employees working in areas where electrical hazards are present shall be provided with, and shall use, protective equipment that is designed and constructed for the specific part of the body to be protected and for the work to be performed. Informational Note No. 1: The PPE requirements of 5.7 are intended to protect a person from arc flash and shock hazards. While some situations could result in burns to the skin, even with the protection selected, burn injury should be reduced and survivable. Due to the explosive effect of some arc events, physical trauma injuries could occur. The PPE requirements of 5.7 do not address protection against physical trauma other than exposure to the thermal effects of an arc flash. Informational Note No. 2: It is the collective experience of the Technical Committee on Electrical Safety in the Workplace that normal operation of enclosed electrical equipment, operating at 600 volts or less, that has been properly installed and maintained by qualified persons is not likely to expose the employee to an electrical hazard. Informational Note No. 3: When incident energy exceeds 40 Cal/cm2 at the working distance, greater emphasis may be necessary with respect to deenergizing before working within the limited approach boundary of the exposed electrical conductors or circuit parts Care of Equipment Protective equipment shall be maintained in a safe, reliable condition. The protective equipment shall be visually inspected before each use. Protective equipment shall be stored in a manner to prevent damage from physically damaging conditions and from moisture, dust, or other deteriorating agents Personal Protective Equipment General. When an employee is working within the restricted approach boundary, the worker shall wear personal protective equipment in accordance with 5.4. When an employee is working within the arc flash boundary, he or she shall wear protective clothing and other personal protective equipment in Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 44 of 62

45 accordance with 5.5. All parts of the body inside the arc flash boundary shall be protected Movement and Visibility. When arc-rated clothing is worn to protect an employee, it shall cover all ignitable clothing and shall allow for movement and visibility Head, Face, Neck, and Chin (Head Area) Protection. Employees shall wear nonconductive head protection wherever there is a danger of head injury from electric shock or burns due to contact with energized electrical conductors or circuit parts or from flying objects resulting from electrical explosion. Employees shall wear nonconductive protective equipment for the face, neck, and chin whenever there is a danger of injury from exposure to electric arcs or flashes or from flying objects resulting from electrical explosion. If employees use hairnets or beard nets, or both, these items must be arc rated Eye Protection. Employees shall wear protective equipment for the eyes whenever there is danger of injury from electric arcs, flashes, or from flying objects resulting from electrical explosion Hearing Protection. Employees shall wear hearing protection whenever working within the arc flash boundary Body Protection. Employees shall wear arc-rated clothing wherever there is possible exposure to an electric arc flash above the threshold incident energy level for a second degree burn [5 J/cm2 (1.2 Cal/cm2)] Hand and Arm Protection. Hand and arm protection shall be provided in accordance with (a), (b), and (c). 1. Shock Protection. Employees shall wear rubber insulating gloves with leather protectors where there is a danger of hand injury from electric shock due to contact with energized electrical conductors or circuit parts. Employees shall wear rubber insulating gloves with leather protectors and rubber insulating sleeves where there is a danger of hand and arm injury from electric shock due to contact with energized electrical conductors or circuit parts. Rubber insulating gloves shall be rated for the voltage for which the gloves will be exposed. Exception: Where it is necessary to use rubber insulating gloves without leather protectors, the requirements of ASTM F 496, Standard Specification for In-Service Care of Insulating Gloves and Sleeves, shall be met. 2. Arc Flash Protection. Hand and arm protection shall be worn where there is possible exposure to arc flash burn. The apparel described in (d) shall be required for protection of hands from burns. Arm protection shall be accomplished by the apparel described in Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 45 of 62

46 3. Maintenance and Use. Electrical protective equipment shall be maintained in a safe, reliable condition. Insulating equipment shall be inspected for damage before each day s use and immediately following any incident that can reasonably be suspected of having caused damage. Insulating gloves shall be given an air test, along with the inspection. Electrical protective equipment shall be subjected to periodic electrical tests. Test voltages and the maximum intervals between tests shall be in accordance with Table 3 (see annex 1) Foot Protection. Where insulated footwear is used as protection against step and touch potential, dielectric overshoes shall be required. Insulated soles shall not be used as primary electrical protection Factors in Selection of Protective Clothing. Clothing and equipment that provide worker protection from shock and arc flash hazards shall be used. If arc-rated clothing is required, it shall cover associated parts of the body as well as all flammable apparel while allowing movement and visibility. Clothing and equipment required for the degree of exposure shall be permitted to be worn alone or integrated with flammable, no melting apparel. Garments that are not arc rated shall not be permitted to be used to increase the arc rating of a garment or of a clothing system. Informational Note: Protective clothing includes shirts, pants, coveralls, jackets, and parkas worn routinely by workers who, under normal working conditions, are exposed to momentary electric arc and related thermal hazards. Arc-rated rainwear worn in inclement weather is included in this category of clothing. 1. Layering. No melting, flammable fiber garments shall be permitted to be used as under layers in conjunction with arc-rated garments in a layered system for added protection. If no melting, flammable fiber garments are used as under layers, the system arc rating shall be sufficient to prevent break open of the innermost arc-rated layer at the expected arc exposure incident energy level to prevent ignition of flammable under layers. Garments that are not arc rated shall not be permitted to be used to increase the arc rating of a garment or of a clothing system. Informational Note: A typical layering system might include cotton underwear, a cotton shirt and trouser, and an arc-rated coverall. Specific tasks might call for additional arc-rated layers to achieve the required protection level. 2. Outer Layers. Garments worn as outer layers over arc-rated clothing, such as jackets or rainwear, shall also be made from arc-rated material. Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 46 of 62

47 3. Under layers. Meltable fibers such as acetate, nylon, polyester, polypropylene, and spandex shall not be permitted in fabric under layers (underwear) next to the skin. Exception: An incidental amount of elastic used on no melting fabric underwear or socks shall be permitted. Informational Note No. 1: Arc-rated garments (for example, shirts, trousers, and coveralls) worn as under layers that neither ignite nor melt and drip in the course of an exposure to electric arc and related thermal hazards generally provide a higher system arc rating than no melting, flammable fiber under layers. Informational Note No. 2: Arc-rated underwear or undergarments used as under layers generally provide a higher system arc rating than no melting, flammable fiber underwear or undergarments used as under layers. 4. Coverage. Clothing shall cover potentially exposed areas as completely as possible. Shirt sleeves shall be fastened at the wrists, and shirts and jackets shall be closed at the neck. 5. Fit. Tight-fitting clothing shall be avoided. Loose fitting clothing provides additional thermal insulation because of air spaces. Arc-rated apparel shall fit properly such that it does not interfere with the work task. 6. Interference. The garment selected shall result in the least interference with the task but still provide the necessary protection. The work method, location, and task could influence the protective equipment selected Arc Flash Protective Equipment. 1. Arc Flash Suits. Arc flash suit design shall permit easy and rapid removal by the wearer. The entire arc flash suit, including the hood s face shield, shall have an arc rating that is suitable for the arc flash exposure. When exterior air is supplied into the hood, the air hoses and pump housing shall be either covered by arcrated materials or constructed of no melting and nonflammable materials. 2. Head Protection. - An arc-rated balaclava shall be used with an arc-rated face shield when the back of the head is within the arc flash boundary. An arc-rated hood shall be permitted to be used instead of an arc-rated face shield and balaclava. - An arc-rated hood shall be used when the anticipated incident energy exposure exceeds 12 Cal/cm2. 3. Face Protection. Face shields shall have an arc rating suitable for the arc flash exposure. Face shields with a wraparound guarding to protect the face, chin, forehead, ears, and neck area shall be used. Face shields without an arc rating Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 47 of 62

48 shall not be used. Eye protection (safety glasses or goggles) shall always be worn under face shields or hoods. Informational Note: Face shields made with energy absorbing formulations that can provide higher levels of protection from the radiant energy of an arc flash are available, but these shields are tinted and can reduce visual acuity and color perception. Additional illumination of the task area might be necessary when these types of arc protective face shields are used. 4. Hand Protection. - Heavy-duty leather gloves or arc-rated gloves shall be worn where required for arc flash protection. Informational Note: Heavy-duty leather gloves are made entirely of leather with minimum thickness of 0.03 in (0.7 mm), are unlined or lined with nonflammable, no melting fabrics. Heavy-duty leather gloves meeting this requirement have been shown to have ATPV values in excess of 10 Cal/cm2. - Where insulating rubber gloves are used for shock protection, leather protectors shall be worn over the rubber gloves. Informational Note: The leather protectors worn over rubber insulating gloves provide additional arc flash protection for the hands for arc flash protection exposure. 5. Foot Protection. Heavy-duty leather work shoes provide some arc flash protection to the feet and shall be used in all exposures greater than 4 Cal/cm Clothing Material Characteristics. Arc-rated clothing shall meet the requirements described in and Informational Note No. 1: Arc-rated materials, such as flame-retardant-treated cotton, meta-aramid, para-aramid, and poly-benzimidazole (PBI) fibers, provide thermal protection. These materials can ignite but will not continue to burn after the ignition source is removed. Arc-rated fabrics can reduce burn injuries during an arc flash exposure by providing a thermal barrier between the arc flash and the wearer. Informational Note No. 2: Non arc-rated cotton, polyester cotton blends, nylon, nylon-cotton blends, silk, rayon, and wool fabrics are flammable. Fabrics, zipper tapes, and findings made of these materials can ignite and continue to burn on the body, resulting in serious burn injuries. Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 48 of 62

49 Informational Note No. 3: Rayon is a cellulose-based (wood pulp) synthetic fiber that is a flammable but non melting material. Clothing consisting of fabrics, zipper tapes, and findings made from flammable synthetic materials that melt at temperatures below 315 C (600 F), such as acetate, acrylic, nylon, polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, and spandex, either alone or in blends, shall not be used. Informational Note: These materials melt as a result of arc flash exposure conditions, form intimate contact with the skin, and aggravate the burn injury. Exception: Fiber blends that contain materials that melt, such as acetate, acrylic, nylon, polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, and spandex, shall be permitted if such blends in fabrics meet the requirements of ASTM F 1506, Standard Performance Specification for Textile Material for Wearing Apparel for Use by Electrical Workers Exposed to Momentary Electric Arc and Related Thermal Hazards, and if such blends in fabrics do not exhibit evidence of a melting and sticking hazard during arc testing according to ASTM F 1959, Standard Test Method for Determining the Arc Thermal Performance Value of Materials for Clothing. [See also ] Clothing and Other Apparel Not Permitted. Clothing and other apparel (such as hard hat liners and hair nets) made from materials that do not meet the requirements of regarding melting, or made from materials that do not meet the flammability requirements shall not be permitted to be worn. Informational Note: Some flame-resistant fabrics, such as non-fr mod acrylic and nondurable flame-retardant treatments of cotton, are not recommended for industrial electrical or utility applications. Exception No. 1: No melting, flammable (non arc-rated) materials shall be permitted to be used as under layers to arc-rated clothing, as described in , and also shall be permitted to be used for Hazard/Risk Category 0 as described in Table 5 (see annex C). Exception No. 2: Where the work to be performed inside the arc flash boundary exposes the worker to multiple hazards, such as airborne contaminants, under special permission by the authority having jurisdiction and where it can be shown that the level of protection is adequate to address the arc flash hazard, non arcrated personnel protective equipment shall be permitted Care and Maintenance of Arc-Rated Clothing and Arc-Rated Arc Flash Suits. Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 49 of 62

50 1. Inspection. Arc-rated apparel shall be inspected before each use. Work clothing or arc flash suits that are contaminated, or damaged to the extent that their protective qualities are impaired, shall not be used. Protective items that become contaminated with grease, oil, or flammable liquids or combustible materials shall not be used. 2. Manufacturer s Instructions. The garment manufacturer s instructions for care and maintenance of arc-rated apparel shall be followed. 3. Storage. Arc-rated apparel shall be stored in a manner that prevents physical damage; damage from moisture, dust, or other deteriorating agents; or contamination from flammable or combustible materials. 4. Cleaning, Repairing, and Affixing Items. When arc rated clothing is cleaned, manufacturer s instructions shall be followed to avoid loss of protection. When arc-rated clothing is repaired, the same arc-rated materials used to manufacture the arc-rated clothing shall be used to provide repairs. When trim, name tags, or logos, or any combination thereof, are affixed to arc-rated clothing, guidance in ASTM F 1506, Standard Performance Specification for Textile Material for Wearing Apparel for Use by Electrical Workers Exposed to Momentary Electric Arc and Related Thermal Hazards, shall be followed. [See Table 4 - annex B.] Standards for Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Personal protective equipment (PPE) shall conform to the standards given in Table 4(see annex B) Selection of Personal Protective Equipment When Required for Various Tasks. Where selected in lieu of the incident energy analysis of , shall be used to determine the hazard/risk category and requirements for use of rubber insulating gloves and insulated and insulating hand tools for a task. For tasks not listed, or for power systems with greater than the assumed maximum short-circuit current capacity or with longer than the assumed maximum fault clearing times, an incident energy analysis shall be required in accordance with 5.5. Informational Note No. 1: The hazard/risk category, work tasks, and protective equipment were identified by a task group, and the hazard/risk category, protective clothing, and equipment selected were based on the collective experience of the task group. The hazard/risk category protective clothing and equipment are generally based on determination of estimated exposure levels. In several cases, where the risk of an arc flash incident is considered low, very low, or extremely low by the task group, the hazard/risk category number has been reduced by 1, 2, or 3 numbers, respectively. Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 50 of 62

51 Protective Clothing and Personal Protective Equipment. Once the hazard/risk category has been identified the requirements of , Table 5 shall be used to determine the required PPE for the task. Table 5 lists the requirements for protective clothing and other protective equipment based on Hazard/Risk Categories 0 through 4. This clothing and equipment shall be used when working within the arc flash boundary. Informational Note No. 1: The PPE requirements of this section are intended to protect a person from arc flash and shock hazards. While some situations could result in burns to the skin, even with the protection described in Table 5, burn injury should be reduced and survivable. Due to the explosive effect of some arc events, physical trauma injuries could occur. The PPE requirements of this section do not address protection against physical trauma other than exposure to the thermal effects of an arc flash. Informational Note No. 3: The arc rating for a particular clothing system can be obtained from the arc-rated clothing manufacturer Other Protective Equipment Insulated Tools and Equipment. Employees shall use insulated tools or handling equipment, or both, when working inside the limited approach boundary of exposed energized electrical conductors or circuit parts where tools or handling equipment might make accidental contact. Insulated tools shall be protected from damage to the insulating material. Informational Note: See 5.4.2, Shock Protection Boundaries Requirements for Insulated Tools. The following requirements shall apply to insulated tools: 1. Insulated tools shall be rated for the voltages on which they are used. 2. Insulated tools shall be designed and constructed for the environment to which they are exposed and the manner in which they are used. 3. Insulated tools and equipment shall be inspected prior to each use. The inspection shall look for damage to the insulation or damage that may limit the tool from performing its intended function or could increase the potential for an incident (for example, damaged tip on a screwdriver) Fuse or Fuse Holding Equipment. Fuse or fuse holder handling equipment, insulated for the circuit voltage, shall be used to remove or install a fuse if the fuse terminals are energized. Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 51 of 62

52 Ropes and Hand lines. Ropes and hand lines used within the limited approach boundary of exposed energized electrical conductors or circuit parts operating at 50 volts or more, or used where an electrical hazard exists, shall be nonconductive Fiberglass-Reinforced Plastic Rods. Fiberglass reinforced plastic rod and tube used for live-line tools shall meet the requirements of applicable portions of electrical codes and standards dealing with electrical installation requirements. Informational Note: For further information concerning electrical codes and standards dealing with installation requirements, refer to ASTM F 711, Standard Specification for Fiberglass-Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Rod and Tube Used in Live Line Tools Portable Ladders. Portable ladders shall have nonconductive side rails if they are used where the employee or ladder could contact exposed energized electrical conductors or circuit parts operating at 50 volts or more or where an electrical hazard exists. Nonconductive ladders shall meet the requirements of ANSI standards for ladders listed in Table 6 (see annex D) Protective Shields. Protective shields, protective barriers, or insulating materials shall be used to protect each employee from shock, burns, or other electrically related injuries while that employee is working within the limited approach boundary of energized conductors or circuit parts that might be accidentally contacted or where dangerous electric heating or arcing might occur. When normally enclosed energized conductors or circuit parts are exposed for maintenance or repair, they shall be guarded to protect unqualified persons from contact with the energized conductors or circuit parts Rubber Insulating Equipment. Rubber insulating equipment used for protection from accidental contact with energized conductors or circuit parts shall meet the requirements of the ASTM standards listed in Table 6 (see annex D) Voltage-Rated Plastic Guard Equipment. Plastic guard equipment for protection of employees from accidental contact with energized conductors or circuit parts, or for protection of employees or energized equipment or material from contact with ground, shall meet the requirements of the ASTM standards listed in Table 6 (see annex D) Physical or Mechanical Barriers. Physical or mechanical (field-fabricated) barriers shall be installed no closer than the restricted approach boundary distance given in Table 1 and Table 2. While the barrier is being installed, the restricted approach boundary distance specified in Table 1 and Table 2 shall Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 52 of 62

53 be maintained, or the energized conductors or circuit parts shall be placed in an electrically safe work condition Alerting Techniques Safety Signs and Tags. Safety signs, safety symbols, or accident prevention tags shall be used where necessary to warn employees about electrical hazards that might endanger them. Such signs and tags shall meet the requirements of ANSI Z535, Series of Standards for Safety Signs and Tags, given in Table 6 (see annex D). Informational Note: Safety signs, tags, and barricades used to identify energized look-alike equipment can be employed as an additional preventive measure Barricades. Barricades shall be used in conjunction with safety signs where it is necessary to prevent or limit employee access to work areas containing energized conductors or circuit parts. Conductive barricades shall not be used where it might cause an electrical hazard. Barricades shall be placed no closer than the limited approach boundary given in Table 1 and Table Attendants. If signs and barricades do not provide sufficient warning and protection from electrical hazards, an attendant shall be stationed to warn and protect employees. The primary duty and responsibility of an attendant providing manual signaling and alerting shall be to keep unqualified employees outside a work area where the unqualified employee might be exposed to electrical hazards. An attendant shall remain in the area as long as there is a potential for employees to be exposed to the electrical hazards Look-Alike Equipment. Where work performed on equipment that is deenergized and placed in an electrically safe condition exists in a work area with other energized equipment that is similar in size, shape, and construction, one of the altering methods in , 2, or 3 shall be employed to prevent the employee from entering lookalike equipment Standards for Other Protective Equipment. Other protective equipment required in shall conform to the standards given in Table 6 (see annex D). 5.8 WORK WITHIN THE LIMITED APPROACH BOUNDARY OR ARC FLASH BOUNDARY OF UNINSULATED OVERHEAD LINES. Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 53 of 62

54 5.8.1 Uninsulated and Energized Where work is performed in locations containing uninsulated energized overhead lines that are not guarded or isolated, precautions shall be taken to prevent employees from contacting such lines directly with any unguarded parts of their body or indirectly through conductive materials, tools, or equipment. Where the work to be performed is such that contact with uninsulated energized overhead lines is possible, the lines shall be de-energized and visibly grounded at the point of work or suitably guarded Determination of Insulation Rating A qualified person shall determine if the overhead electrical lines are insulated for the lines operating voltage De-energizing or Guarding If the lines are to be de-energized, arrangements shall be made with the person or organization that operates or controls the lines to deenergize them and visibly ground them at the point of work. If arrangements are made to use protective measures, such as guarding, isolating, or insulation, these precautions shall prevent each employee from contacting such lines directly with any part of his or her body or indirectly through conductive materials, tools, or equipment Employer and Employee Responsibility The employer and employee shall be responsible for ensuring that guards or protective measures are satisfactory for the conditions. Employees shall comply with established work methods and the use of protective equipment Approach Distances for Unqualified Persons When unqualified persons are working on the ground or in an elevated position near overhead lines, the location shall be such that the employee and the longest Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 54 of 62

55 conductive object the employee might contact do not come closer to any unguarded, energized overhead power line than the limited approach boundary in Table 1, column 2 or Table 2, column 2. Informational Note: Objects that are not insulated for the voltage involved should be considered to be conductive Vehicular and Mechanical Equipment Elevated Equipment. Where any vehicle or mechanical equipment structure will be elevated near energized overhead lines, it shall be operated so that the limited approach boundary distance of Table 1, column 2 or Table 2, column 2, is maintained. However, under any of the following conditions, the clearances shall be permitted to be reduced: a. If the vehicle is in transit with its structure lowered, the limited approach boundary to overhead lines in Table 1, column 2 or Table 2, column 2, shall be permitted to be reduced by 1.83 m (6 ft.). If insulated barriers, rated for the voltages involved, are installed and they are not part of an attachment to the vehicle, the clearance shall be permitted to be reduced to the design working dimensions of the insulating barrier. b. If the equipment is an aerial lift insulated for the voltage involved, and if the work is performed by a qualified person, the clearance (between the uninsulated portion of the aerial lift and the power line) shall be permitted to be reduced to the restricted approach boundary given in Table 1, column 4 or Table 2, column Equipment Contact. Employees standing on the ground shall not contact the vehicle or mechanical equipment or any of its attachments, unless either of the following conditions apply: a. The employee is using protective equipment rated for the voltage. b. The equipment is located so that no uninsulated part of its structure (that portion of the structure that provides a conductive path to employees on the ground) can come closer to the line than permitted in 130.8(F)(1) Equipment Grounding. If any vehicle or mechanical equipment capable of having parts of its structure elevated near energized overhead lines is intentionally grounded, employees working on the ground near the point of grounding shall not stand at the grounding location whenever there is a possibility of overhead line contact. Additional precautions, such as the use of barricades, dielectric overshoe footwear, or insulation, shall be taken to protect employees from hazardous ground potentials (step and touch potential). Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 55 of 62

56 Informational Note: Upon contact of the elevated structure with the energized lines, hazardous ground potentials can develop within a few feet or more outward from the grounded point. Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 56 of 62

57 ANNEX A TABLE 1 APPROACH BOUNDARIES TO ENERGIZED ELECTRICAL CONDUCTORS OR CIRCUIT PARTS FOR SHOCK PROTECTION FOR ALTERNATING CURRENT SYSTEMS NOMINAL SYSTEM VOLTAGE RANGE, PHASE TO PHASE LIMITED APPROACH BOUNDARY EXPOSED EXPOSED FIXED MOVABLE CIRCUIT CONDUCTOR PART RESTRICTED APPROACH BOUNDARY PHIBITED APPROACH BOUNDARY 50 V Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified 50 V 300 V 3.0 m (10 ft. 0 in.) 1.0 m (3 ft. 6 in.) Avoid contact Avoid contact 301 V 750 V 3.0 m (10 ft. 0 in.) 1.0 m (3 ft. 6 in.) 0.3 m (1 ft. 0 in.) 25 mm (0 ft. 1 in.) 751 V 15 kv 3.0 m (10 ft. 0 in.) 1.5 m (5 ft. 0 in.) 0.7 m (2 ft. 2 in.) 0.2 m (0 ft. 7 in.) 15.1 kv 36 kv 3.0 m (10 ft. 0 in.) 1.8 m (6 ft. 0 in.) 0.8 m (2 ft. 7 in.) 0.3 m (0 ft. 10 in.) 36.1 kv 46 kv 3.0 m (10 ft. 0 in.) 2.5 m (8 ft. 0 in.) 0.8 m (2 ft. 9 in.) 0.4 m (1 ft. 5 in.) 46.1 kv 72.5 kv 3.0 m (10 ft. 0 in.) 2.5 m (8 ft. 0 in.) 1.0 m (3 ft. 3 in.) 0.1 m (2 ft. 2 in.) 72.6 kv 121 kv 3.3 m (10 ft. 8 in.) 2.5 m (8 ft. 0 in.) 1.0 m (3 ft. 4 in.) 0.8 m (2 ft. 9 in.) 138 kv 145 kv 3.4 m (11 ft. 0 in.) 3.0 m (10 ft. 0 in.) 161 kv 169 kv 3.6 m (11 ft. 8 in.) 3.6 m (11 ft. 8 in.) 230 kv 242 kv 4.0 m (13 ft. 0 in.) 4.0 m (13 ft. 0 in.) 345 kv 362 kv 4.7 m (15 ft. 4 in.) 4.7 m (15 ft. 4 in.) 500 kv 550 kv 5.8 m (19 ft. 0 in.) 5.8 m (19 ft. 0 in.) 765 kv 800 kv 7.2 m (23 ft. 9 in.) 7.2 m (23 ft. 9 in.) 1.2 m (3 ft. 10 in.) 1.0 m (3 ft. 4 in.) 1.3 m (4 ft. 3 in.) 1.1 m (3 ft. 9 in.) 1.7 m (5 ft. 8 in.) 1.6 m (5 ft. 2 in.) 2.8 m (9 ft. 2 in.) 2.6 m (8 ft. 8 in.) 3.6 m (11 ft. 10 in.) 3.5 m (11 ft. 4 in.) 4.9 m (15 ft. 11 in.) 4.7 m (15 ft. 5 in.) Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 57 of 62

58 TABLE 2 APPROACH BOUNDARIES TO ENERGIZED ELECTRICAL CONDUCTORS OR CIRCUIT PARTS FOR SHOCK PROTECTION FOR DIRECT CURRENT SYSTEMS NOMINAL POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE LIMITED APPROACH BOUNDARY EXPOSED EXPOSED FIXED MOVABLE CIRCUIT CONDUCTOR PART RESTRICTED APPROACH BOUNDARY PHIBITED APPROACH BOUNDARY 100 V Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified 100 V 300 V 3.0 m (10 ft. 0 in.) 1.0 m (3 ft. 6 in.) Avoid contact Avoid contact 301 V 1 V 3.0 m (10 ft. 0 in.) 1.0 m (3 ft. 6 in.) 0.3 m (1 ft. 0 in.) 25 mm (0 ft. 1 in.) 1.1 V 5 kv 3.0 m (10 ft. 0 in.) 1.5 m (5 ft. 0 in.) 0.5 m (1 ft. 5 in.) 0.1 m (0 ft. 4 in.) 5.1 kv 15 kv 3.0 m (10 ft. 0 in.) 1.5 m (5 ft. 0 in.) 0.7 m (2 ft. 2 in.) 0.2 m (0 ft. 7 in.) 15.1 kv 45 kv 3.0 m (10 ft. 0 in.) 2.5 m (8 ft. 0 in.) 0.8 m (2 ft. 9 in.) 0.4 m (1 ft. 5 in.) 45.1 kv 75 kv 3.0 m (10 ft. 0 in.) 2.5 m (8 ft. 0 in.) 1.0 m (3 ft. 2 in.) 0.7 m (2 ft. 1 in.) 75.1 kv 150 kv 3.3 m (10 ft. 8 in.) 3.0 m (10 ft. 0 in.) kv 250 kv 3.6 m (11 ft. 8 in.) 3.6 m (11 ft. 8 in.) kv 500 kv 6.0 m (20 ft. 0 in.) 6.0 m (20 ft. 0 in.) kv 800 kv 8.0 m (26 ft. 0 in.) 8.0 m (26 ft. 0 in.) 1.2 m (4 ft. 0 in.) 1.0 m (3 ft. 2 in.) 1.6 m (5 ft. 3 in.) 1.5 m (5 ft. 0 in.) 3.5 m (11 ft. 6 in.) 3.3 m (10 ft. 10 in.) 5.0 m (16 ft. 5 in.) 5.0 m (16 ft. 5 in.) Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 58 of 62

59 TABLE 3 RUBBER INSULATING EQUIPMENT, MAXIMUM TEST INTERVALS RUBBER INSULATING EQUIPMENT BLANKETS COVERS GLOVES LINE HOSE SLEEVES WHEN TO TEST Before 1 st issue; every 12 months thereafter If insulating value is suspected Before 1 st issue; every 6 months thereafter If insulating valve is suspected Before 1 st issue; every 12 months thereafter GOVERNING STANDARD FOR TEST VOLTAGE ASTM F 479 ASTM F 478 ASTM F 496 ASTM F 478 ASTM F 496 Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 59 of 62

60 ANNEX B TABLE 4 - STANDARD ON PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 60 of 62

61 ANNEX C TABLE 5 PROTECTIVE CLOTHING AND PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 61 of 62

62 ANNEX D TABLE - 6 STANDARD ON OTHER PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT Rev. 1 / 2014 / BY Page 62 of 62