Technical Report. Title: Product weathertightness testing of a sample of W.G.Ltd 500 series Curtain Walling for The Window Glass Company Limited

Transcription

1 Technical Report Title: Product weathertightness testing of a sample of W.G.Ltd 500 series Curtain Walling for Limited Report No: N

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3 Report number N CONTENTS INTRODUCTION SUMMARY AND CLASSIFICATION OF TEST RESULTS DESCRIPTION OF TEST SAMPLE TEST RIG GENERAL ARRANGEMENT TEST SEQUENCE AIR PERMEABILITY TESTING WATERTIGHTNESS TESTING WIND RESISTANCE TESTING IMPACT TESTING APPENDIX - DRAWINGS...35 Page 3 of 35

4 Report number N INTRODUCTION This report describes tests carried out at the Technology Centre at the request of The Window Glass Company Limited. The test sample consisted of a sample of W. G. Ltd 500 series curtain walling manufactured by Limited. The tests were carried out in July 203 and were to determine the weathertightness of the test sample. The test methods were in accordance with the CWCT Standard Test Methods for building envelopes, 2005, for: Air permeability. Watertightness static pressure, dynamic pressure and hose. Wind resistance serviceability & safety. Impact resistance. The testing was carried out in accordance with Technology Centre Method Statement C4624/MS rev 0. This test report relates only to the actual sample as tested and described herein. The results are valid only for sample(s) tested and the conditions under which the tests were conducted. Technology Centre is accredited to ISO/IEC 7025:2008 by the United Kingdom Accreditation Service as UKAS Testing Laboratory No Technology Centre is certified by BSI for: ISO 900:2008 Quality Management System, ISO 400:2004 Environmental Management System, BS OHSAS 800:2007 Occupational Health and Safety Management System. The tests were witnessed wholly or in part by: Mark Bryant - Limited Peter Whitmarsh - Limited Ryan Milton - Limited Page 4 of 35

5 Report number N SUMMARY AND CLASSIFICATION OF TEST RESULTS The following summarises the results of the tests carried out. Sections 6, 7, 8 and 9. For full details refer to 2. SUMMARY OF TEST RESULTS TABLE Date Test number Test description Result 9 July 203 Air permeability Pass 0 July 03 2 Watertightness static Pass 0 July 03 3 Wind resistance serviceability Pass 0 July 03 4 Air permeability Pass 0 July 03 5 Watertightness static Pass 0 July 03 6 Watertightness dynamic Pass 0 July 03 7 Watertightness hose Pass 0 July 03 8 Wind resistance safety Pass July 03 9 Impact resistance Pass 2.2 CLASSIFICATION TABLE 2 Test Standard Classification / Declared value Air permeability CWCT / BS EN 252 A4 Watertightness CWCT / BS EN 254 R7 Wind resistance CWCT / BS EN 36 ±2400 pascals serviceability ±3600 pascals safety Impact resistance BS EN 409 E5/5 Page 5 of 35

6 Report number N DESCRIPTION OF TEST SAMPLE 3. GENERAL ARRANGEMENT The sample was as shown in the photo below and the drawings included as an appendix to this report. The test sample measured 8.0 m high by 7.2 m wide and comprised a Window Glass Company Limited 500 series thermally broken curtain wall system. This included a 700 series outward opening top hung vent. The two largest glazed units were 28 mm thick with 8 mm thick toughened glass. The rest of the glazed units were 28 mm thick with 6 mm thick toughened glass. PHOTO 0729 TEST SAMPLE ELEVATION Page 6 of 35

7 Report number N CONTROLLED DISMANTLING During the dismantling of the sample no water penetration or discrepancies from the drawings were found. PHOTO 0998 PRESSURE PLATES WITH COVER CAPS REMOVED PHOTO 0999 PRESSURE PLATE CRUCIFORM JUNCTION Page 7 of 35

8 Report number N PHOTO 00 BASE OF MULLION PHOTO 004 MULLION FIXING BRACKET Page 8 of 35

9 Report number N PHOTO 007 LOWER GLASS UNITS REMOVED PHOTO 008 BASE OF VENT AND FIXED GLAZED UNIT Page 9 of 35

10 Report number N PHOTO 03 FRAMEWORK DURING DISMANTLE PHOTO 06 FRAMEWORK WITH GLASS REMOVED Page 0 of 35

11 Report number N PHOTO 07 TRANSOM SUPPORT IN SIDE OF MULLION PHOTO 09 SCREW IN PRESSURE PLATE Page of 35

12 Report number N PHOTO 024 BOLTS BETWEEN MULLION SECTIONS PHOTO 029 SAMPLE DURING DISMANTLE Page 2 of 35

13 Report number N TEST RIG GENERAL ARRANGEMENT The test sample was mounted on a rigid test rig with support steelwork designed to simulate the on-site/project conditions. The test rig comprised a well sealed chamber, fabricated from steel and plywood. A door was provided to allow access to the chamber. Representatives of installed the sample on the test rig. See Figure. FIGURE TEST RIG SCHEMATIC ARRANGEMENT SEALED TEST CHAMBER TEST RIG SUPPORT STEELWORK, TO SIMULATE ON-SITE CONDITIONS WATER SPRAY GANTRY TEST SAMPLE DEFLECTION TRANSDUCER PRESSURE TRANSDUCER CONTROLLED AND M ETERED AIR SUPPLY GENERATING POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE PRESSURES FAN COMPUTER CONTROLLED DATA LOGGER SECTION THROUGH TEST RIG Page 3 of 35

14 Report number N TEST SEQUENCE The test sequence was as follows: () Air permeability (2) Watertightness static (3) Wind resistance serviceability (4) Air permeability (5) Watertightness static (6) Watertightness dynamic (7) Watertightness hose (8) Wind resistance safety (9) Impact resistance Page 4 of 35

15 Report number N AIR PERMEABILITY TESTING INSTRUMENTATION Pressure One static pressure tapping was provided to measure the chamber pressure and was located so that the readings were unaffected by the velocity of the air supply into or out of the chamber. A pressure transducer, capable of measuring rapid changes in pressure to within 2% was used to measure the differential pressure across the sample Air Flow A laminar flow element mounted in the air system ductwork was used with a pressure transducer to measure the air flow into the chamber. This device was capable of measuring airflow through the sample to within 2% Temperature Platinum resistance thermometers (PRT) were used to measure air temperatures to within C General Electronic instrument measurements were scanned by a computer controlled data logger, which also processed and stored the results. All measuring instruments and relevant test equipment were calibrated and traceable to national standards. 6.2 FAN The air supply system comprised a variable speed centrifugal fan and associated ducting and control valves to create positive and negative static pressure differentials. The fan provided essentially constant air flow at the fixed pressure for the period required by the tests and was capable of pressurising at a rate of approximately 600 pascals in one second. 6.3 PROCEDURE Three positive pressure pulses of 200 pascals were applied to prepare the test sample. The opening vent was then opened and locked closed five times. The average air permeability was determined by measuring the rate of air flow through the chamber whilst subjecting the sample to positive pressure differentials of 50, 00, 50, 200, 300, 450 and 600 pascals. Each pressure increment was held for at least 0 seconds. Extraneous leakage through the test chamber and the joints between the chamber and the test sample was determined by sealing the sample with adhesive tape (polythene sheet as mentioned in CWCT clause was not used on this occasion) and measuring the air flow at the pressures given above. The test was then repeated with only the opening vent section sealed and then with the complete sample unsealed; the difference between the readings being the rate of air flow through the vent and whole sample respectively. The test was then repeated using negative pressure differentials. Page 5 of 35

16 Report number N PASS/FAIL CRITERIA The permissible air infiltration flow rate, Qo, at peak test pressure, po, could not exceed:.5 m3 per hour per m2 for fixed panels, and 2.0 m3 per hour per m length of joint between the fixed frame and the frame enclosing the opening light when viewed from inside for opening lights. At intermediate pressures, pn, flow rates, Qn, were calculated using Qn = Qo(pn/po)2/3 Air exfiltration readings were also taken, with permissible values measured at ±00 pascals. The area of the fixed sample was 56.3 m2. Length of openable joints was 4.6 m. 6.5 RESULTS TABLE 3 Pressure Measured air infiltration through sample Test 9 July 203 differential (pascals) Fixed glazing (m3/hour/m2) Opening vent (m3/hour/m) Temperatures Ambient = 5 C Chamber = 7 C The results are shown graphically in Figures 2 and 3. Page 6 of 35

17 Report number N TABLE 4 Measured air exfiltration through sample Pressure Test 9 July 203 differential (pascals) Fixed glazing (m3/hour/m2) Opening vent (m3/hour/m) Temperatures Ambient = 5 C Chamber = 7 C The results are shown graphically in Figures 4 and 5. Test 4 Date: 0 July 203 Air flow infiltration and exfiltration readings were taken at 600 pascals. These showed no increase in air flow compared to test and so a complete set of readings was not carried out. Ambient temperature = 9 C Chamber temperature = 2 C Page 7 of 35

18 Report number N FIGURE 2 Fixed panels - air infiltration test results.6 Test Permissible Air flow / m /hour/m Pressure differential / pascals FIGURE 3 Opening vent - air infiltration test results 2.0 Test Permissible Air flow / m /hour/m Pressure differential / pascals Page 8 of

19 Report number N FIGURE 4 Fixed panels - air exfiltration test results.5.3 Test Permissible Air flow / m /hour/m Pressure differential / pascals FIGURE 5 Opening vent - air exfiltration test results 4.0 Test Permissible Air flow / m /hour/m Pressure differential / pascals Page 9 of

20 Report number N WATERTIGHTNESS TESTING INSTRUMENTATION Pressure One static pressure tapping was provided to measure the chamber pressure and was located so that the readings were unaffected by the velocity of the air supply into or out of the chamber. A pressure transducer, capable of measuring rapid changes in pressure to within 2% was used to measure the differential pressure across the sample Water Flow An in-line water flow meter was used to measure water supplied to the spray gantry to within 5% Temperature Platinum resistance thermometers (PRT) were used to measure air and water temperatures to within C General Electronic instrument measurements were scanned by a computer controlled data logger, which also processed and stored the results. All measuring instruments and relevant test equipment were calibrated and traceable to national standards FAN Static Pressure Testing The air supply system comprised a variable speed centrifugal fan and associated ducting and control valves to create positive and negative static pressure differentials. The fan provided essentially constant air flow at the fixed pressure for the period required by the tests and was capable of pressurising at a rate of approximately 600 pascals in one second Dynamic Pressure Testing A wind generator was mounted adjacent to the external face of the sample and used to create positive pressure differentials during dynamic testing. The wind generator comprised a piston type aero-engine fitted with 4 m diameter contra-rotating propellers WATER SPRAY Spray Gantry The water spray system comprised nozzles spaced on a uniform grid not more than 700 mm apart and mounted approximately 400 mm from the face of the sample. The nozzles provided a full-cone pattern with a spray angle between 90 and 20. The spray system delivered water uniformly against the exterior surface of the sample. Page 20 of 35

21 Report number N Hose test The water was applied using a brass nozzle that produced a full-cone of water droplets with a nominal spray angle of 30. The nozzle was used with a ¾" hose and provided with a control valve and a pressure gauge between the valve and nozzle. PHOTO 0930 DYNAMIC WIND GENERATOR PROCEDURE Watertightness static Three positive pressure pulses of 200 pascals were applied to prepare the test sample. The opening vent was then opened and locked closed five times. Water was sprayed onto the sample using the method described above at a rate of at least 3.4 litres/m2/minute for 5 minutes at zero pressure differential. With the water spray continuing the pressure differential across the sample was then increased in increments of: 50, 00, 50, 200, 300, 450 and 600 pascals, each held for 5 minutes. Throughout the test the interior face of the sample was examined for water penetration. Page 2 of 35

22 Report number N Watertightness dynamic Water was sprayed onto the sample using the method described above at a flow rate of at least 3.4 litres/m2/minute. The aero-engine was used to subject the sample to wind of sufficient velocity to produce average deflections in the principle framing members equal to those produced by a static pressure differential of 600 pascals. These conditions were maintained for 5 minutes. Throughout the test the inside of the sample was examined for water penetration Watertightness hose Working from the exterior, the selected area was wetted progressing from the lowest horizontal joint, then the intersecting vertical joints, then the next horizontal joint above, etc. The water was directed at the joint and perpendicular to the face of the sample. The nozzle was moved slowly back and forth above the joint at a distance of 0.3 metres from it for a period of 5 minutes for each.5 metres of joint. Shorter or slightly longer joints were tested pro rata. The water flow to the nozzle was adjusted to produce 22, 2 litres per minute when the water pressure at the nozzle inlet was 220, 20 kpa. Throughout the test the interior face of the sample was examined for water penetration. The joints tested are shown in Figure PASS/FAIL CRITERIA There shall be no water penetration to the internal face of the sample throughout testing. At the completion of the test there shall be no standing water in locations intended to remain dry. Page 22 of 35

23 Report number N FIGURE 6 HOSE TEST AREAS External View Hose test area Page 23 of 35

24 Report number N RESULTS Test 2 (Static pressure) Date: 0 July 203 No water penetration was observed throughout the test. Chamber temperature= 24 C Ambient temperature = 7 C Water temperature = 7 C Test 5 (Static pressure) Date: 0 July 203 No water penetration was observed throughout the test. Chamber temperature= 24 C Ambient temperature = 9 C Water temperature = 7 C Test 6 (Dynamic pressure) Date: 0 July 203 No water penetration was observed throughout the test. Chamber temperature= 26 C Ambient temperature = 2 C Water temperature = 8 C Test 7 (Hose) Date: 0 July 203 No water penetration was observed throughout the test. Chamber temperature= 27 C Ambient temperature = 23 C Water temperature = 8 C Page 24 of 35

25 Report number N WIND RESISTANCE TESTING INSTRUMENTATION Pressure One static pressure tapping was provided to measure the chamber pressure and was located so that the readings were unaffected by the velocity of the air supply into or out of the chamber. A pressure transducer, capable of measuring rapid changes in pressure to within 2% was used to measure the differential pressure across the sample Deflection Displacement transducers were used to measure the deflection of principle framing members to an accuracy of 0. mm. The gauges were set normal to the sample framework at midspan and as near to the supports of the members as possible and installed in such a way that the measurements were not influenced by the application of pressure or other loading to the sample. The gauges were located at the positions shown in Figure Temperature Platinum resistance thermometers (PRT) were used to measure air temperatures to within C General Electronic instrument measurements were scanned by a computer controlled data logger, which also processed and stored the results. All measuring instruments and relevant test equipment were calibrated and traceable to national standards. 8.2 FAN The air supply system comprised a variable speed centrifugal fan and associated ducting and control valves to create positive and negative static pressure differentials. The fan provided essentially constant air flow at the fixed pressure for the period required by the tests and was capable of pressurising at a rate of approximately 600 pascals in one second PROCEDURE Wind Resistance serviceability Three positive pressure differential pulses of 200 pascals were applied to prepare the sample. The displacement transducers were then zeroed. The sample was subjected to one positive pressure differential pulse from 0 to 2400 pascals to 0. The pressure was increased in four equal increments each maintained for 5 ±5 seconds. Displacement readings were taken at each increment. Residual deformations were measured on the pressure returning to zero. Any damage or functional defects were recorded. Operable components were opened and closed five times and any change in ease of operation noted. The test was then repeated using a negative pressure of pascals. Page 25 of 35

26 Report number N Wind Resistance safety Three positive pressure differential pulses of 200 pascals were applied to prepare the sample. The displacement transducers were then zeroed. The sample was subjected to one positive pressure differential pulse from 0 to 3600 pascals to 0. The pressure was increased as rapidly as possible but not in less than second and maintained for 5 ±5 seconds. Displacement readings were taken at peak pressure. Residual deformations were measured on the pressure returning to zero. Any damage or functional defects were recorded. The test was then repeated using a negative pressure of 3600 pascals. Page 26 of 35

27 Report number N FIGURE 7 DEFLECTION GAUGE LOCATIONS External View Deflection gauge Page 27 of

28 Report number N PASS/FAIL CRITERIA Calculation of permissible deflection Gauge number Member Span (L) (mm) Permissible deflection (mm) Permissible residual deformation Lower mullion Upper mullion Transom Transom L/ = 6.0 L/ = 6.0 L/200 = L/200 = 6.5 mm mm mm mm 8.5 RESULTS Test 3 (serviceability) Date: 0 July 203 The deflections measured during the wind resistance test, at the positions shown in Figure 7, are shown in Tables 5 and 6. Summary Table: Gauge number Member Pressure differential (Pa) Measured deflection (mm) Residual deformation (mm) 2 Lower mullion Upper mullion Transom Transom No damage to the test sample was observed. Ambient temperature = 9 C Chamber temperature = 22 C Test 8 (safety) Date: 0 July 203 The deflections measured during the structural safety test, at the positions shown in Figure 7, are shown in Table 7. No damage to the sample was observed. Ambient temperature = 24 C Chamber temperature = 27 C Page 28 of 35

29 Report number N TABLE 5 WIND RESISTANCE POSITIVE SERVICEABILITY TEST RESULTS Position Pressure (pascals) / Deflection (mm) Residual * * * * * Mid-span reading adjusted between end support readings Page 29 of 35

30 Report number N TABLE 6 WIND RESISTANCE NEGATIVE SERVICEABILITY TEST RESULTS Position Pressure (pascals) / Deflection (mm) Residual * * * * * Mid-span reading adjusted between end support readings Page 30 of 35

31 Report number N TABLE 7 WIND RESISTANCE - SAFETY TEST RESULTS Position Pressure (pascals) / Deflection (mm) 3594 Residual Residual * * * * * Mid-span reading adjusted between end support readings Page 3 of 35

32 Report number N IMPACT TESTING 9. IMPACTOR The soft body impactor comprised a suspended dual pneumatic tyre arrangement coupled together with steel weights of equal mass fitted into the wheel rims to give a total mass of 50 ±0. kg. PHOTO 0978 SOFT BODY IMPACTOR 9.2 PROCEDURE The impactor almost touched the face of the sample when at rest. It was swung in a pendular movement to hit the sample normal to its face. The test was performed at the locations shown in Figure 8. At each location the sample was tested to impact class E3, E4 and E5. At location 4 the sample was also tested internally to class I3, I4 and I PASS/FAIL CRITERIA The curtain wall shall safely absorb the impact loads and shall retain its integrity in fulfilling the following criteria: No parts shall fall down Any holing shall not occur Any breakage shall not occur Any infilling panel shall remain in its position and come off only when removed Any permanent deformation of curtain wall components shall be accepted Component dislodgement shall not result from the impact force Page 32 of 35

33 Report number N The following table gives the internal and external impact classes. TABLE Internal test Class External test Class Drop height I0 E0 Not applicable I E 200 mm I2 E2 300 mm I3 E3 450 mm I4 E4 700 mm I5 E5 950 mm RESULTS Test 9 Date: July 203 No damage to the sample was observed throughout the impact testing. Ambient temperature = 8 C Page 33 of 35

34 Report number N FIGURE 8 IMPACT TEST LOCATIONS External View Impact location Page 34 of 35

35 Report number N APPENDIX - DRAWINGS The following 2 unnumbered pages are copies of Limited drawings numbered: sheet rev C, sheet 2 rev B. END OF REPORT Page 35 of 35

36 ## ## A 6 A A A A ## ## A ## ## A A A 9 A A B B 7 ** INDICATES STEEL GLASS SUPPORTS REQD. 9 ## ## A A A ## INDICATES TRANSOM TO BE NOTCHED TO ALLOW IT TO DROP INTO POSITION ** ** A A 8 9 ## ## A 2 A 3 A A 4 A ## ## A 9 A A A A ## ## 0 WATER REPELLANT FOAM INTERNALLY MASTIC SAVER 50x3x3mm PVCu SPACER ANGLE 24x2mm HARDWOOD BLOCK IN AREA OF P/PLATE SCREWS 2 25mm WIDE FLAT TO SECURE EPDM AGAINST STEEL 50mm WIDE EPDM MASTIC JOINTS 25x25x3mm ALU. ANGLE COVER LINE OF CILL PRESSING MASTIC JOINTS LINE OF CILL PRESSING WATER REPELLANT FOAM INTERNALLY MASTIC SAVER 50x3x3mm PVCu SPACER ANGLE 25mm WIDE FLAT TO SECURE EPDM AGAINST STEEL 25x25x3mm ALU. ANGLE COVER C.7.3 Perimeter detail changed to suit site steel position MB B Perimeter detail altered MB A.5.3 Intermediate sizes& fixing details amended MB

37 M0x40mm LONG S/STEEL BOLT SLEEVE SECTION WGL mm LONG FIXED TO 200x00x6mm ALU. PLATE 225x75x6mm STEEL ANGLE BRACKET 50mm LONG RED OXIDE FINISH 70mm M0x40mm LONG S/STEEL BOLT STEEL BEAM BY OTHERS 6764mm SLEEVE SECTION WGL mm LONG SECURED TO MULLION USING M0x75mm LONG S/STEEL BOLTS 225x75x6mm STEEL ANGLE BRACKET 50mm LONG RED OXIDE FINISH 3758mm M0x40mm LONG S/STEEL BOLT STEEL BEAM BY OTHERS 3520mm 7998mm mm M0x75mm LONG S/STEEL BOLT c/w LOCKING NUT 30mm HORIZONTAL SLOT IN MULLION & VERTICAL SLOT IN ANGLE TOP OF GLASS SEALED WITH MASTIC 0g ALU. SLEEVE FOR P/PLATE & CAPPING M0x75mm LONG S/STEEL BOLT c/w LOCKING NUT 30mm HORIZONTAL SLOT IN MULLION & VERTICAL SLOT IN ANGLE 225x75x6mm STEEL ANGLE BRACKET 50mm LONG RED OXIDE FINISH 360mm M0x40mm LONG S/STEEL BOLT STEEL BEAM BY OTHERS mm NOTE: BOTTOM OF MULLIONS FILLED WITH WATER REPELLANT FOAM 42mm 0 00mm 2x2mm HARDWOOD BLOCK IN AREA OF P/PLATE SCREWS LINE OF OUTER FACE OF STEEL BEAMS M0x75mm LONG S/STEEL BOLT c/w LOCKING NUT 30mm HORIZONTAL SLOT IN MULLION & VERTICAL SLOT IN ANGLE 0 TH ARDWOOD REA OF REWS TOP OF GLASS SEALED WITH MASTIC B.7.3 Perimeter detail changed to suit site steel position MB A Perimeter detail altered MB

38 Technology Centre VINCI Construction UK Limited Stanbridge Road Leighton Buzzard Bedfordshire LU7 4QH UK