Trade of Plumbing. Module 1: Thermal Process and Mild Steel Pipework Unit 1: Induction Phase 2

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1 Trade of Plumbing Module 1: Thermal Process and Mild Steel Pipework Unit 1: Induction Phase 2

2 Over 70,000 people are employed in construction - either on building sites or repair work. It is very easy to be seriously injured or killed at work. Yet there is always a safe way to do any job in building it is also the quickest and cheapest. The simple message of this booklet is that it is easy to take the right precautions. So what are the dangers? In the last 10 years, 72 workers were killed and over 5,000 injured, many disabled for life. These are the facts. NOT scare stories. And here is another fact. If you cut corners you may end up with extra cash. But you re just as likely to end up in hospital or six foot under.

3 Table of Contents List of Figures... 5 List of Tables... 6 Document Release History... 7 Module 1 Thermal Process and Mild Steel Pipework... 8 Unit 1 Induction... 8 Learning Outcome:... 8 Key Learning Points:... 8 Key Learning Points Code... 9 Training Resources:... 9 Exercise:... 9 Team up for Safety Did You Know? A Few Hard Facts First Things First: Site Access and Maintenance A Head for Heights Lethal Ladders Ladder safety The Roof: A Risky Place to Be Excavation Work Transport Cranes Electricity: A Killer when Misused on Site Portable Power Tools Portable Power Danger How to Handle Platform Hoists Lifting by Hand can Damage Your Back Watch your Health Dangerous Chemicals Welfare and First Aid Fire Protective Clothing Unit 1 3

4 In general You, Your Safety and the Law If your work is not safe If there is no action Health and Safety Authority Addresses and Phone Numbers Self Assessment Self Test Questions Index Unit 1 4

5 List of Figures Figure 1. Safety First Figure 2. Stay Safe Figure 3. No Guard Rails and Toe Boards Figure 4. Ready to Topple Figure 5. Don t Do This Figure 6. Never Attempt any of the Above Figure 7. The Roof is a Risky Place to Be Figure 8. Never Carry Passengers Figure 9. Excavation Work Figure 10. Frayed Rope Figure 11. Centre of Gravity Figure 12. Watch out for High Wires Figure 13. Never use Makeshift Plugs Figure 14. Portable Power Tools Figure 15. Sketch of Goods Hoist Figure 16. Correct Method for Lifting Figure 17. Hearing Protection Figure 18. Safety Questions 1 to Figure 19. Safety Questions 7 to Figure 20. Safety Questions 15 to Figure 21. Safety Questions 23 to Figure 22. Safety Questions 31 to Figure 23. Safety Questions 39 to Figure 24. Safety Question Unit 1 5

6 List of Tables Unit 1 6

7 Document Release History Date Version Comments June 2006 V /02/ SOLAS transfer Unit 1 7

8 Module 1 Thermal Process and Mild Steel Pipework Unit 1 Induction Duration 9 hours Learning Outcome: By the end of this unit each apprentice will be able to: State the attendance, safety and fire drill procedures for the training centre. Identify hazards associated with various types of plumbing operations. Identify fire extinguishers suitable for various types of fire. Key Learning Points: RK RK RK RK RK RK RK RK RK H RK RK P RK RK RK RK Training centre rules and regulations. Code of behaviour, disciplinary procedures. Use of time clock/clock card, timekeeping, hours of attendance. Rates of pay, travel and accommodation allowance. Safety awareness. Accident procedures. Fire drill, evacuation assembly points. Personal protection equipment. Prevention of dermatitis, eye injury, injury to feet and hands, damage. to lungs/ears, electric shock, fatigue/stress. Hygiene, health and welfare. Apprentice toolkit, care of tools. Good working practices. Requirements of the safety statement. Structure and objectives of Phase 2 Plumbing apprenticeship. Phase 2 assessment procedure. Responsibility for learning. Unit 1 8

9 Key Learning Points Code M = Maths D= Drawing RK = Related Knowledge Sc = Science P = Personal Skills Sk = Skill H = Hazards Training Resources: Classroom facilities. Rules and procedures of training location (information sheet). Industrial Safety and Hygiene booklet. Booklet on noise. Exercise: 1. Apprentice to complete the test at the rear of the Safety and Hygiene booklet. 2. Apprentice to sign the Safety Declaration. 3. Demonstrate the correct manual lifting procedures. Unit 1 9

10 Team up for Safety Everyone on site has a responsibility to make work safe. The law is here to protect you. Your employer must ensure your safety. He must have a written Safety Statement outlining safeguards on the site. But safety is a two way thing; you also have to look after yourself. Did You Know? If you take chances, chances are you ll loose. Don t let anyone talk you into being stupid. Your employer is obliged by law to plan and cost every job so as to include proper safety measures. Your employer has to tell you: the dangers of the job. the safety precautions you ll need to take. about the safety equipment / clothing you are given to use. and has to: o give necessary training to keep you safe. o supervise the work properly. A Few Hard Facts The first week on the site is the most dangerous. Accidents are more frequent at the end of the day. Small building jobs are the most risky. Safety helmets and equipment do prevent injury and death. Most light weight shoes such as trainers or runners aren t suitable on site. The Health and Safety Authority is on your side. We have the support of the unions, the employers organisations (including the Construction Industry Federation) and the Government. If the safeguards are not adequate, discuss immediately with your supervisor or Safety Representative. If this fails you can contact the local Health and Safety Inspectors directly (in confidence if you want). You ll find the addresses and phone numbers at the back of this leaflet. 70% of all accidents can be predicted. If they can be predicted they can be prevented. That means there have been more than 50 needless, avoidable deaths on sites in the past 10 years. Likewise, 3,500 serious accidents. So, team up for safety and follow these guidelines. Together we can prevent further tragedies. NEVER, NEVER take extra money as compensation for working without safeguards. Remember: Nobody has the right to give you a dangerous job. All jobs can be made safe if the right guidelines are followed, the correct equipment used and all the proper safety precaution taken. Unit 1 10

11 Figure 1. Safety First Unit 1 11

12 First Things First: Site Access and Maintenance Half the accidents that happen on sites are very simple; people slip, trip or fall. So check to make sure that: Everyone can move around safely. Roads, gangways, hoists, passageways and staircases are kept clear and safe. Materials are stored safely. Rubbish is put in its place skips or bins. Nails are removed or hammered in. Openings are fenced off and there are barriers to stop falls. Keep the place tidy that means SAFE. Figure 2. Stay Safe Unit 1 12

Putting up scaffolding and taking it down again is a job for experienced scaffolders. Leave it to them.

13 A Head for Heights Be smart enough to take precautions. Working at heights is the most dangerous job be VERY CAREFUL. Apply these commonsense rules: Using ladders or scaffolding without proper fixing is crazy. Don t take the risk. Putting up scaffolding and taking it down again is a job for experienced scaffolders. Leave it to them. Never use scaffolding that s incomplete. Make sure there are hand rails and toe boards. Things fall on sites, keep your head, wear your helmet. Figure 3. No Guard Rails and Toe Boards Figure 4. Ready to Topple Unit 1 13

14 Figure 5. Don t Do This Unit 1 14

Lethal Ladders Ladders kill a lot of people.

In good shape. Secured near the top. On a firm base and footing.

hand hold. Always have a firm grip on the ladder and keep a good balance.

15 Lethal Ladders Ladders kill a lot of people. Make sure the ladder is: Right for the job. Would scaffolding be better? In good shape. Secured near the top. On a firm base and footing. Rising at least 1metre beyond the landing place, OR that there is a proper hand hold. Always have a firm grip on the ladder and keep a good balance. Ladder safety use a makeshift ladder lean sideways from a ladder Figure 6. Never Attempt any of the Above Unit 1 15

16 The Roof: A Risky Place to Be So risky, in fact, that one in five deaths on sites arise from roof work. Many of these accidents happen in the course of routine cleaning and maintenance. Almost all of them could be prevented. Very simply: Always inspect a roof before you walk on it. You must have protection to stop you from falling off the edge. You have to use proper roofing ladders / crawling boards on sloping or fragile roofs. If there are others working underneath the roof, make sure debris can t fall on them. Remember: a walk along a fragile roof could be your last. Figure 7. The Roof is a Risky Place to Be Unit 1 16

17 Excavation Work If you want to avoid being buried alive you ll apply these rules: All excavations deeper than 1.25 metres MUST be shored or battered. That s the law. Excavations deeper than 2 metres MUST have a guard rail or barrier. Vehicles working too close to the sides of the trench or rubble piled on the sides may cause collapse. Vehicles tipping into the excavations must use stop blocks. Make sure the excavation is inspected daily. Make sure you know where any underground pipes and cables are before you hit them. REMEMBER: There is no safe ground that will not collapse. Trench sides can collapse without any warning. Never drive too close to an excavation. Don t carry passengers. Figure 8. Never Carry Passengers Unit 1 17

18 Transport Site vehicles must only be driven by a person competent and authorised to do so. Stick to this rule, for your own safety and the safety of everyone on site: All vehicles should work properly. Ensure the steering and brakes are okay. Get help when reversing. Switch off engine, remove keys and starting handle when leaving a vehicle. Never carry anybody on a vehicle not designed for passengers. REMEMBER sloping sites are inclined to kill take extra care. Figure 9. Excavation Work Unit 1 18

19 Cranes Avoid, if possible, walking under or too close to a raised load. The crane itself must only be operated by someone who is fully trained and is over eighteen. It must be inspected each week and regularly examined by a competent person. The weight of the load must be carefully estimated. The crane must be fitted with an automatic safe load indicator (one that works). The crane must always work on a hard, level base. The load must be properly fixed and secured. The Banksman must be trained to give clear signals. NEVER, NEVER be carried with a load. A wire rope must not be used when more than five per cent (one in twenty)of the wires can be seen to be broken in any ten diameter length. Figure 10. Frayed Rope All loads, irrespective of shape or size, should be slung so that their centre of gravity fall immediately below the crane hook. Slings may need to be of different lengths to achieve proper balance Figure 11. Centre of Gravity Unit 1 19

Electricity: A Killer when Misused on Site Electrical accidents, many of which are fatal, are often caused by contact with Underground or overhead power lines.

20 Electricity: A Killer when Misused on Site Electrical accidents, many of which are fatal, are often caused by contact with Underground or overhead power lines. Unsuitable or badly maintained equipment. Bad connections to the supply. Here s how to handle electricity on site: Treat electricity with respect. Check constantly that cables are not damaged or worn. Keep trailing cables off ground and away from water. Never overload or use makeshift plugs and fuses. For mains voltage, screened cables must be used and circuits must be protected by proper circuit breakers. Figure 12. Watch out for High Wires Figure 13. Never use Makeshift Plugs Unit 1 20

21 Portable Power Tools Portable Power Danger Always use the right tool for the job and don t make do with a defective tool. Check all tools before use (ensure they are properly earthed). Don t adjust power tools unless the supply is disconnected. Always be careful of angle grinders and power saws and check suitable guards are fitter and used. They must operate at a reduced voltage (110V). Cartridge operated tools Always follow maker s instructions. Keep in a secure place when not in use. You should be trained to use all tools. If working on hard material wear goggles Don t be blind to the risks. Figure 14. Portable Power Tools Unit 1 21

22 How to Handle Platform Hoists A hoist must be protected by an enclosure and fitted with access gates where required. The law says it must be inspected once a week and thoroughly checked out by a qualified person every six months. When you re using a hoist remember NEVER Do so without authorisation. Overload beyond the safe working. Load (S.W.L.). Ride on the platform. Mess around with the mechanisms. If the hoist is in use there should be a clearly understood signalling arrangement so everybody using it knows what s going on. Finally NEVER walk under a hoist. Landing Gates Landing Gates. Hoist Enclosure. Hoist Mast Tied into Building. Hoist Operated From One Position Only, Giving Driver Unobstructed View. Figure 15. Sketch of Goods Hoist The wire mesh surround to the hoist way has been omitted allowing detail to be shown. Unit 1 22

23 Lifting by Hand can Damage Your Back Lifting weights that are too heavy for you, or just lifting weights the wrong way, will do your back a permanent damage. You may feel the damage straight away or, more likely the back pain will show up over time. It is very easy to avoid this back damage. It just takes commonsense. Get a good grip, keep the load close to your body. Keep the back straight. Bend your knees, lift your leg muscles not your back. If it s too heavy, get help. Start lifting sensibly if you don t want to end up permanently disabled with a bad back before you re 30. Figure 16. Correct Method for Lifting The correct method of manual lifting is to use the strong leg and thigh muscles and to maintain the natural shape of the spine through the lift. Unit 1 23

24 Watch your Health It s so precious you don t notice it until it s gone. There are many causes of ill health in construction: Dust - plaster and mineral fibres cause chest problems. Paints - there are many different types ranging from harmless to toxic. Glues - cause chest problems. Welding - causes eye damage arc eye and chest problems from fumes. Dangerous Chemicals Read all instructions carefully. Only handle if the correct safeguards are in place. Make sure you use only in well-ventilated areas otherwise you will have to use breathing equipment. Always wear the right protective clothing. Usually damage to health is a slow process, it doesn t happen overnight. Asbestos - is deadly. The law requires strict precautions to be taken. Cement - can severely damage your skin, causing a disease called dermatitis. You must have proper washing facilities and suitable gloves if you are handling cement. Your hearing If the noise is loud enough to prevent you hearing normal conversation, the noise level is dangerously high and you could, in time, go deaf. Equipment should be fitted with silencers. Wear ear defenders, when noise is unavoidable. Figure 17. Hearing Protection Unit 1 24

25 Welfare and First Aid You should wash your hands thoroughly before eating and before going home. On every site There should be proper toilets. Washing facilities must be provided. There should be a place where you can eat in comfort. There should be a well-maintained first aid box. There should be someone who knows about first aid. All accidents should be reported and recorded. EVERYONE should know where the nearest phone is so they can call an ambulance (999) in an emergency. These are your facilities, don t mess them about. Fire Make sure you know where the fire fighting equipment is kept. Make sure you know how to use it. Always obey no smoking signs there may be flammable liquids. Know how to call the Fire Brigade. Unit 1 25

26 Protective Clothing Every effort must be made to make the site as safe as possible, and not rely on protective clothing alone. However there are many situations where safety is only possible if you wear correct protective clothing. The employer must provide this and maintain it. You must wear it. In general Safety helmets must be worn on all construction sites. Hard-toed footwear should be worn. Goggles, ear defenders and gloves may be necessary. It is up to you to report any loss or damage to the protective clothing provided. Unit 1 26

27 You, Your Safety and the Law The Safety, Health and Welfare at Work Act came into effect in November, It was put together with the co-operation of trade unions, employers organisations and government. Its single aim was to prevent accidents and illness in the work place. The Health and Safety Authority representing workers, employers and Government, was set up to put the Act into effect. With your support, we will make the work place as safe as possible. EMPLOYERS must provide a safe and healthy work place. There should be safe work practices. Protective clothing and equipment must be provided where required. Everything must be maintained and kept working safely. There must be someone who can give advice on health and safety to workers and there must be welfare facilities. The employer must also ensure the safety of people who are not employed by him but who are affected by the work. In every work place the employer must identify all the hazards to health and safety and ensure suitable safeguards. This must be written in a Safety Statement. All employees and others who may be affected by the work should have access to the Safety Statement. All employees have the right to be consulted about all aspects of health and safety. DESIGNERS AND MANUFACTURERS must ensure that equipment and substances for use in the work place are safe to use and that full information about them is made available to the people who use them. EMPLOYEES are required to take reasonable care of their own health and safety and that of others affected by their work. Employees must also co-operate with the employer in obeying the law and by following all the necessary safeguards. Thanks to the new law it is no longer acceptable for anyone to gamble with the safety of their workers. There are severe penalties for those who disregard this law. If your work is not safe Speak immediately to your supervisor. The safety representative or trade union representative. If there is no action Call the Health and Safety Authority at the addresses and phone numbers overleaf. (In confidence if you want). We can arrange for immediate action where necessary. Safety is team-work. Unit 1 27

28 Health and Safety Authority Addresses and Phone Numbers Headquarters Health and Safety Authority 10 Hogan Place Tel Dublin2 Fax Athlone Regional Office Government Buildings Tel Pearse Street Fax Athlone Co. Westmeath Cork Regional Office Government Buildings Tel th Floor Fax Sullivan s Quay Cork Drogheda Regional Office Abbey Centre Tel West Street Drogheda Co. Louth Galway Regional Office Newtownsmyth Tel Galway Fax Limerick Regional Office O Connell Street Tel Limerick Fax Sligo Regional Office Government Offices Tel Cranmore Road Fax Unit 1 28

29 Waterford Regional Office Government Buildings Tel The Glen Waterford Unit 1 29

30 Self Assessment The following pictures show accidents and injuries which were caused by unsafe acts. Go to your instructor and ask him/her to write down the picture numbers of the accidents that could happen in your own class. Then ask your instructor to foreman to tell you how to avoid the same accidents and injuries. Figure 18. Safety Questions 1 to 6 Unit 1 30

31 Figure 19. Safety Questions 7 to 14 Unit 1 31

32 Figure 20. Safety Questions 15 to 22 Unit 1 32

33 Figure 21. Safety Questions 23 to 30 Unit 1 33

34 Figure 22. Safety Questions 31 to 38 Unit 1 34

35 Figure 23. Safety Questions 39 to 46 Unit 1 35

36 Figure 24. Safety Question 47 Unit 1 36

37 Self Test Questions Questions Place a in the True or False box for each question. 1. Safety hair caps are used only to keep dirt off your hair? 2. Running smooth shafts are not dangerous? 3. Loose and unbuttoned clothing is alright to wear in the Training Centre? 4. All empty drums and containers are safe? 5. Spilt oil on the floor is not your concern? 6. When passing a place where chips or dust are flying turn your head away? 7. It is sometimes alright to work a machine without a guard? 8. If you feel ill or sick, it may go away? 9. It is not necessary to get first aid for small cuts? 10. There is no need to worry about your head, it is good and hard and can protect itself? 11. Sometimes it is necessary to take a chance and make adjustments to a machine or tool without being too clear about it? 12. If you spot things in an unsafe place it is not your concern? 13. Always bend your back when lifting? 14. Most accidents are caused by unsafe acts of people? 15. Dermatitis is a disease of the scalp? 16. Whenever you finish your work, wash your hands? 17. It is alright to wear dirty clothes in the Training Centre? 18. The bones of the spine have nothing between them? 19. It is not necessary to wear hearing protection while working an Angle Grinder? 20. Always wear gloves when working on a drilling machine? True False Unit 1 37

38 Index A accident accidents... 10, 12 Asbestos C Cement clothing protective crane Cranes D Dangerous Chemicals E electrical accidents Electricity Excavation Work excavations F facts First Aid H health ill 24 Health Asbestos Dangerous Chemicals Hearing Heights helmet helmets hoist L ladders... 13, 15 Ladders law lifting Lifting by Hand P Platform Hoists Portable Power Danger Protective Clothing R roof Roof S scaffolding Site Access and Maintenance T tool cartridge operated Transport V vehicles W Welfare Welfare and First Aid Unit 1 38

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