Dry Docks, Dry Docking and Ship Repair in South Africa

Transcription

1 Dry Docks, Dry Docking and Ship Repair in South Africa

2 This talk is about the sea and ships

3 But, at times ships need to be taken out of the water

4 Not this way - though!

5 That s why Dry Docks were invented

6 To understand Dry Docking you need to master: Civil Engineering Mechanical Engineering Naval Architecture

7 There are 3 basic ways to dry dock ships Civil Engineering: Graving Docks & Boat Ramps Mechanical Engineering: Slipways, Shiplifts & Straddle Carriers Naval Architecture: Floating Docks

8 Slipways

9 Ancient Ship Sled

10 Reusing Ancient Technology

11 Victoria & Alfred Docks c 1870 De Pass slipway top left

12 2 nd De Pass Slipway, Table Bay

13 Patent Slip Patented 1819 by Thomas Morton of Leith

14 Timber Cradle Luderitz ca 1960

15 Port Elizabeth Slipway ca 1947

16 PE Slipway 1200 ton Ways Military specs Strong enough for a Panamax Vessel?

17 Norseman Side Slip

18 Norseman Repair Yard 18

19 90 ton Cape-type Slipway, Hout Bay

20 Modern 200 ton Slipway with 2 Side Slips

21 Hydraulic Bilge Arms 21

22 Modern, Large, Underslung Wheel 22

23 Live Rollers Air Cushion Movers

24 Crandal Railway Dry Dock

25 Railway Dry Dock - Construction Note vertically curved ways with live roller trains

26 Shiplifts

27 The earliest screwdock, the earliest shiplift, was patented and constructed by Captain Jesse Hurd of Connecticut in New York in 1827

28 The New York screwdock was suspended from eight screws of 4½ (114 mm) diameter. Capacity about of 200 tons. It was hand operated. It took about 30 men about half-an-hour to raise a vessel 10 feet (3 m).

29 Barbados Screwdock Built 1893

30 Barbados Screwdock in 2010

31 Early Shiplift London Built by Edwin Clark

32 Layout, 1750 TLC Syncrolift & Yard Cape Town ca 1975

33 Platform, Cape Town Syncrolift

34 Side Transporter Repair Yard

35 2000 TLC Pearlson Syncrolift Shiplift Walvis Bay, ca 1974

36 Transfer & Repair Yard Walvis Bay

37 Wire Rope Syncrolift Shiplift Winch 37

38 Hydraulic Chain Jacks Bardex Type Shiplifts

39 Graving Docks

40 Evolution of Graving Dock X-sections

41 Robinson Dock Cape Town, 1880

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44 Opening of the Selbourne Dock Simonstown 1910

45 Elizabeth Dock, East London ca 1947

46 Sturrock Dock Cape Town 1945

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49 Sturrock Dock Bed for Two Ships

50 American Dockyard & Graving Dock

51 Setubal Dockyard

52 Modern Super Tanker Dock Setubal, Portugal ca 2000

53 Position for removable barriers Removable barriers to flood Hydrolift portion

54 Setubal Super Tanker Hydrolift

55 Hydrolift, Setubal, ca 2000

56 Modern Axial Flow Pump

57 Graving Dock Gates

58 Floating Docks

59 Camels the Origin of Floating Docks

60 Basic Types of Floating Docks

61 8000 TLC Eldock TLC NPA Dock, Durban Both ex Russia

62 8000 TLC Walvis Floating Dock

63 Crandal-type Transferring Dock

64 Heavy Lift Vessel used as Floating Dock

65 Dock Furniture

66 Leading Mules

67 Safety Parapet

68 Rope Handling Furniture

69 Warping Vessel with Capstan & Bollard

70 Electrical Power Supply Point

71 Bilge Support Blocks on Syncrolift

72 Modern Style Concrete Keel Block with timber base, sand jack and timber capper

73 Well Managed Keel Blocks

74 Keel Blocks and Locating Marks

75 Design Issues

76 Slipway Ways Geometry

77 Vertically Curved Ways Built-up Cradle

78 With a straight grade the relationships are linear. Despite the apparent complexity, the issues are trivial.

79 Here the system is non-linear and tediously complex to analyse but systems cannot be designed without a full analysis

80 Sue Loading

81 Sue Load

82 Sue Load is given by: S C t Where d m Δ = Displacement δt = Change in Trim d m = Draft midships C is usually about 0.17

83 Loss of Stability

84 Keel Block Loading

85 Crandall Trapezoidal Loading

86 Lloyds Parabolic Loading for Shiplifts

87 Lloyds Loading for Floating Docks

88 Modern Docking Plan

89 Basic Types of Graving Docks

90 Floating Dock Stability

91 Failure Patterns

92 Slipway Rails

93 Slipway Rail Corrosion Patterns

94 Shiplift Ropes

95 Fatal Corrosion pattern in Shiplift Ropes

96 Primary Cause: Usually the Bean Counters Shiplift Rope Corrosion

97 Consequences

98 Rope Maintenance Dolly

99 Shiplift Platform Repainting

100 Reassembling Syncrolift after Repainting

101 Keel Blocks

102 Poorly Managed Keel Blocks

103 Poor Timber Management Keel Block Failure

104 Bar Keels cutting into keel Block Capper

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106 Graving Docks

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108 Towing Failures Particularly around the Cape

109 Wreck of Refurbished East London Caisson Gate

110 Wreck of New Durban Floating Dock

111 US Navy Floating Dock Failure

112 Loss of a Customer

113 Dry Dock Economics

114 Potential Target Market In the Southern African region the trades are: Cargo Fishing Offshore Diamond Dredging Offshore Oil

115 Potential Target Market Existing Ports and Repair Facilities What ports are able to accommodate the dock? What workshops and skilled labour are available?

116 Potential Target Market Existing Ports and Repair Facilities Mobilization Time Frame

117 Potential Target Market Existing Ports and Repair Facilities Mobilization Time Frame Regional Infrastructure Resources These can vary widely in the Southern African region and have a significant impact on ship repair

118 Potential Target Market Existing Ports and Repair Facilities Mobilization Time Frame Regional Infrastructure Resources Environmental Issues

119 This is arguably the most expensive component of dry docking

120 Need for vessels to carry docking plans

121 Need for vessels to carry docking plans Cost of preparing block plans

122 Need for vessels to carry docking plans Cost of preparing block plans Cost of setting blocks

123 Need for vessels to carry docking plans Cost of preparing block plans Cost of setting blocks Cost of dewatering and flooding to set blocks

124 Need for vessels to carry docking plans Cost of preparing block plans Cost of setting blocks Cost of dewatering and flooding to set blocks Cost of placing vessel accurately

125 Need for vessels to carry docking plans Cost of preparing block plans Cost of setting blocks Cost of dewatering and flooding to set blocks Cost of placing vessel accurately Cost of removing and replacing blocks

126 Need for vessels to carry docking plans Cost of preparing block plans Cost of setting blocks Cost of dewatering and flooding to set blocks Cost of placing vessel accurately Cost of removing and replacing blocks Cost of maintaining blocks

127 Economic Realities of Dry Docks Income from docking charges is minimal and insufficient to service capital expectations

128 Economic Realities of Dry Docks Income from docking charges is minimal and insufficient to service capital expectations The money is made in ship repair

129 Economic Realities of Dry Docks Income from docking charges is minimal and insufficient to service capital expectations The money is made in ship repair Ship repairers cannot afford to cover the capital costs unless they own the dock and gain the capital appreciation

130 Economic Realities of Dry Docks Hence there are only two viable economic models for the ownership of Dry Docks 1. Ship Repairer owned financed out of the profits on ship repair 2. Public Ownership financed out of the general contribution of ship repair to the economy of the region

131 Economic Realities of Dry Docks In both cases the Port Authorities must come to the table to treat ship repair as an important regional economic activity and to provide suitable sites for dry docks and ship repair within the harbours.

132 Offshore Oil & Gas Big-time potential for ship repair in South Africa

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