Making the Voice of Humanity Heard

Transcription

1 Making the Voice of Humanity Heard Essays on humanitarian assistance and international humanitarian law in honour of HRH Princess Margriet of the Netherlands Edited by Liesbeth Lijnzaad, Johanna van Sambeek and Bahia Tahzib-Lie Associate Editor Corinne Packer Ministerte van ßuitenlandse Zaken Het Nederlandse w^ Rode Kruis MARTINUS NIJHOFF PUBLISHERS LEIDEN/BOSTON 2004

2 Contents Preface Liesbeth Lijnzaad, Johanna van Sambeek and Bahia Tahzib-Lie List of Acronyms and Abbreviations HRH Princess Margriet of the Netherlands: A Life Devoted to Others Guup Kraijenhoff Letter from Kofi A. Annan, HE the Secretary-General of the United Nations xiii xv xix xxi PartI Introduction The Challenges Facing the International Committee of the Red Cross in the Twenty-First Century Jakob Kellenberger 5 Reflections on the Future of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies Juan Manuel Suärez del Toro 13 Public Participation and the Implementation of International Humanitarian Law Jaap de Hoop Scheffer 29 The Challenges Facing National Societies Elco Brinkman and Fred de Graaf 33

3 viii Table of Contents Part II The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement The Standing Commission of the Red Cross and Red Crescent: Its Origins, Role and Prospects for the Future Franfois Bugnion 41 Christina Magnuson's Years in the Standing Commission of the Red Cross and Red Crescent: Perseverance with Purpose Michele Mercier 61 The Standing Commission of the Red Cross and Red Crescent: An Insider's View Astrid Noklebye Heiberg 75 Abdul Rahman Al-Swailem's Years in the Standing Commission of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Michele Mercier 79 The Standing Commission of the Red Cross and Red Crescent and its Relations with National Societies Kathleen Graf 83 Developing a Strategy for the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement Marc Van der Stock and Anne Bergh 91 The Future of the Standing Commission of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Helena Korhonen 99 The Role of Governments at International Conferences of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Thomas Kupfer and Georg Stein 107 The Role of National Societies at International Conferences of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Janet Davidson 119

4 Table of Contents ix The Council of Delegates Elzbieta Mikos-Skuza 123 The ICRC in a Changing World: Assessments, Ambitions and Priorities Angelo Gnaedinger and Wayne MacDonald 137 The Role of National Societies in the IFRC Mamdouh Gabr 157 Mobilising the Power of Humanity: The Importance of Volunteering in the Red Cross/Red Crescent Didier Cherpitel 169 The IFRC's Advocacy Role Steve Davey 187 Global Events and Campaigns Involving the Whole Red Cross/Red Crescent Movement Joanna MacLean 203 Part III Developments in International Humanitarian Law and Humanitarian Assistance Is There a Change in the Ius ad Bellum and, if so, What Does It Mean for the Ius in Bello? Pete r Kooijmans 225 Determining the Threshold for the Application of International Humanitarian Law Bahia Tahzib-Lie and Olivia Swaak-Goldman 239 International Humanitarian Law and Terrorism Jean-Philippe Lavoyer 255 'Enemy Combatants' in American Hands: Are There Limits to the President's Discretion? Frits Kalshoven 271

5 x Table of Contents How Not to Be an Occupying Power: Some Reflections on UN Security Council Resolution 1483 and the Contemporary Law of Occupation Liesbeth Lijnzaad 291 The Right to Water in Times of Armed Conflict Ameur Zemmali 307 The Importance of Effective Multilateral Enforcement of International Humanitarian Law Timothy McCormack 319 Prospects for Future Developments in International Humanitarian Law Yves Sandoz 339 The Responsibility to Protect Cornelio Sommaruga 357 Humanitarian Rules and Sanctions in the Major Philosophical and Religious Traditions Zidane Meriboute 365 Disseminating International Humanitarian Law at the Domestic Level: The Experiences of the Netherlands Red Cross Johanna van Sambeek and Mireille Hector 385 The Relationship between the Red Cross and the Armed Forces: A Partnership for Humanitarian Purposes Michael Meyer 399 The Role of National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies in Peace-Building Mohammed Al-Hadid 411 The Development of Universality Tadateru Konoe 431 Searching for Solutions for Refugees Ruud Lubbers 447

6 Table of Contents xi From Emergency Relief to Development Cooperation Jacques Forster 453 Humanitarian Action: Is its Legitimacy in Question? Andre Pasquier 465 The Role of National Societies in Times of Disaster: The Example of the Honduran Red Cross Donna Meneca de Mencia 473 Building the Right Capacity: Lessons from Experience Ibrahim Osman 485 Appendices Appendix A Statutes of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement 497 Appendix B Rules of Procedure of the Standing Commission of the Red Cross and Red Crescent 517 Appendix C Chairpersons of the Standing Commission of the Red Cross and Red Crescent 525 Statement on the Funds Selected for the Royalties of the Book 527 Photo Credits 529 About the Contributors 531 Acknowledgements 543 Biography of HRH Princess Margriet of the Netherlands 545