PARENT S INTRODUCTORY HANDBOOK

Transcription

1 PARENT S INTRODUCTORY HANDBOOK

2 CONTENTS ABOUT US... 2 VISION... 2 MISSION... 2 VALUES... 2 CLUBS... 2 SWIMMING WAIKATO STRUCTURE... 4 BEING A SWIMMING PARENT... 5 SWIMMING EQUIPMENT... 6 SWIMMING MEETS... 7 WHAT HAPPENS AT A MEET STEPS FOR A SUCCESSFUL SWIMMING MEET THE SWIMMER STEPS FOR A SUCCESSFUL SWIMMING MEET THE PARENT... 9 OFFICIALS NUTRITION TRAINING COMPETITION DAY WEBSITES NEED MORE HELP? SWIMMING LINGO For myself, losing is not coming second. It's getting out of the water knowing you could have done better. For myself, I have won every race I've been in - Ian Thorpe Swimming Waikato Parent s Handbook Page 1

3 Dear Parent Welcome to Swimming Waikato! Swimming Waikato has the vision of Swimming For Life and we aim to achieve this through our goals of Partnerships, Participation and Performance. Our team of the coaches, administrators, officials, volunteers and swimmers all strive to make Swimming Waikato the leader of Swimming in New Zealand. ABOUT US VISION Swimming For Life MISSION Swimming Waikato will foster swimming throughout our region by creating strong partnerships, participation growth and performance excellence. VALUES Excellence Working Together Improvement & Innovation Respect Inclusive CLUBS Swimming Waikato incorporates 24 swimming clubs from across the Waikato Region: ACE Swimming Club Cambridge Swimming Club Coromandel Swimming Club Fairfield Swimming Club Hillcrest Swimming Club Huntly Swimming Club Marlin Swimming Club Matamata Swimming Club Mercury Bay Swimming Club Morrinsville Swimming Club Ngatea Swimming Club Otorohanga Swimming Club Paeroa Swimming Club Piopio Swimming Club St Peter s Swimming Academy St Paul s Swimming Club Te Aroha Swimming Club Te Awamutu Swimming Club Te Kuiti Swimming Club Thames Swimming Club Tokoroa Swimming Club Swimming Waikato Parent s Handbook Page 2

4 Waihi Swimming Club Whangamata Swimming Club Swimming Waikato Parent s Handbook Page 3

5 SWIMMING WAIKATO STRUCTURE Swimming Waikato Parent s Handbook Page 4

6 BEING A SWIMMING PARENT As a parent of a swimmer, you may have a lot of questions. Swimming New Zealand have a parent handbook with some very valuable information on their website We have included some of that information in this handbook. How can I help my child to succeed in swimming? Your primary role as a swim parent is to provide a supportive, loving and stable environment in which your child can develop as both an athlete and a good person. As a parent, you know how important it is to be a positive role model; children feel your emotions. We encourage you to always demonstrate to your child good sportsmanship towards all those involved in the sport. This includes teammates, coaches, officials, opponents, and supporters. What can I do to help my child develop into an athlete? When we first start out in swimming, the focus is on the development of skills that will allow the swimmer to become more competitive. Winning isn t the most critical skill the child learns. It is important to remember this because an obsession with winning can create a fear of failure, which can result in a less than average performance and a very upset child. Be careful with the language that you use when talking about the performance of a child. Rewarding a swimmer for winning has the implication that if they hadn t won they wouldn t be as good. A comment such as, That was a great effort, can be used regardless of the outcome of the race. What is the coach s job? One of the most difficult jobs that you can do as a parent is let the coach, coach. Your job as a parent is to support, encourage, and recognise your child s efforts. It is the coach s job to offer your child constructive analysis on their swimming. That is what they are trained to do. When parents attempt to coach their child, the child may become confused and it can become difficult for the coach to establish best practices that will enable the swimmer to move forward. It is equally important to never undermine the coach in front of the swimmer. If you have an issue with the coaching, see the coach, but leave the coaching to the coach. Can I help with goal setting? Swimming is a sport that is based on time; the swimmer is ultimately racing to get a better time than they had in the past. To help your child plot a course where they will continue to see success in the pool, it is important for them to see where they should be aiming: a personal best (PB), a qualifying time, a New Zealand record. All of this information can be found on a website that collates times. Please take some time to join this website as it will make your goal setting more realistic and easier. Swimming Waikato Parent s Handbook Page 5

7 SWIMMING EQUIPMENT A basic gear list for a young swimmer should include: Togs and goggles Cap Fins Water bottle Towel As a swimmer progresses, they will become more aware of other equipment available. Always talk with your coach before making any purchases of specific training equipment. Goggles You can most likely buy these at your local pool and also at any sports store or swim shop. Goggles should fit snugly around the eye and your swimmer should feel a slight suck. They may need to try on a number of different brands and styles until they find ones that are both comfortable and watertight on them. If your swimmer s goggles come off during a dive, it may be because of a technical problem with the dive rather than the goggles. Swimming Caps A swim cap can protect hair from water/chlorine damage and also promote your swimmer s team. Latex caps are cheaper to buy but may not last as long as silicone caps. Take care when putting on swim caps with long nails and rings on your fingers they do rip easily. Fins Short fins with a soft flexible medium sized blade are best when starting. Drink Bottles Hydration is very important when swim training, it is essential that every swimmer has a drink bottle with their name on it and uses it every session. Never share bottles for hygiene reasons. SWIM T3 is the preferred supplier of Swimming Waikato and offers a great range of swimming gear: Swimming Waikato Parent s Handbook Page 6

8 SWIMMING MEETS Swim meets give swimmers the opportunity to put into practice all those things the coach has been coaching them to do. For many swimmers, the swim meets are the fun bit of swimming. These pages will give you some information about the types of meets you are likely to be involved in, how you find out about these meets, and what to do once you get there. Swimming Waikato Meets Xcelerate Meet Waikato Short Course Meet Spring Meets Long Distance Waikato Champs Open Water Champs Last Chance Meet Classic Meets Central Swimming Waikato Sprints & Relays What is the XLR8 programme? The XLR8 programme for swimmers aged 14 years, is a motivational programme developed by Swimming New Zealand where swimmers score points across a combination of events and are ranked nationally on their performances. The programme recognises versatility and all-round ability, rewarding correct application of the processes necessary for long term athlete development. More information about the XLR8 programme can be found on the Swimming New Zealand website: How do I find out about what swim meets are coming up? Flyers for upcoming swim meets are put on our website: in our competition calendar. The flyers give information on: The type of meet The pool set up - long-course (LC - 50m pool) or short-course (SC -25 m pool) The events being swum strokes and distances (e.g. 100m freestyle) If there are qualifying times and what they are The closing date by which the club must enter the swimmers The cost of entry. This is usually a fee per event that you must pay the club Your team coach and/or manager will let you know about meets that swimmers from your team should enter and we would encourage all swimmers to enter those meets if at all possible. Swimming Waikato Parent s Handbook Page 7

9 WHAT HAPPENS AT A MEET 10 STEPS FOR A SUCCESSFUL SWIMMING MEET THE SWIMMER This section outlines the 10 steps that will help to ensure success when going to a swimming meets. 1. Be prepared for the meet. Make sure you have everything ready the night before you go to the event (sometimes these meets start early in the morning and you might not have time to get things ready) Your racing togs - usually when you start racing you just swim in the same togs that you train in. Many more experienced swimmers have special togs they race in. They may warm up in their training togs at the meet and then get into their race togs. Goggles it is a good idea to have a spare pair and make sure they are nice and tight so they stay on in your race. Swimming Waikato or Club racing cap most swimmers swim with goggles and a racing cap. A few towels. Healthy snacks see the nutrition section on our website 2. Report to the team manager when you arrive. Make sure you arrive 15 minutes prior to the start of warm up. This will ensure you have time to report and get changed. The manager will tell you what event, heat and lane you are in. You can have this written on your hand if you like. 3. Warm Up Warm up is usually for half an hour prior to the meet starting (plus another 15 minutes for the officials to get ready for the start of racing). The warm up will be run by the coach and can be very crowded. Make sure you check which lane you need to warm up in. The main reasons for warming up are: To prepare yourself for racing To stretch your body To get a feel for the water and the pool To help settle your nerves 4. Swimmers should sit with the team and wait for the team manager to send them over to marshalling. Marshalling is where the swimmers assemble before each event. At the marshalling area an event and heat number flip chart indicates to swimmers and team managers which events and heats are required to go to the marshalling area. Your team manager is responsible for getting swimmers to the marshalling area at the right time. This could be minutes before the race time noted on the programme. (It could be earlier if the meet is running ahead of schedule.) DON T RELY ON THE TIMES IN THE PROGRAMME. 5. The marshal will assemble the swimmers into their event. They will tell the swimmers what lane they are in and make sure they are seated in Swimming Waikato Parent s Handbook Page 8

10 the right order. You will then be sent to the start when necessary. 6. At the starting area, make sure you are in the lane the marshal put you in. You can check with the timekeepers that you are in the right lane. 7. When the whistle blows, the swimmer steps onto the blocks and prepares for the dive (or gets into the water and prepares for the start if the event is backstroke). 8. When the starter says, Take your marks, get into the ready position and pause for the start. If you don t pause, you might get disqualified. 9. You can go when you hear the starting gun. The start of the race can be a gun, whistle, hooter, or other electronic noise. Listen to the races before yours so you know what the start will sound like. 10. When the race is finished, stay in the water till the referee either indicates you can exit the pool with a whistle or (more commonly) after the next race has been started. Where it is over the top starts, the referee will start the next race while the previous races swimmers are still in the water. Swimmers stay back from the end of the pool and keep to the side of the lane until the next race has been started. Exit the pool either at the end or to the side of the pool (if there are electronic touch pads) once the next race has begun. You should also ask the timekeeper for your time when you are finished and let the coach know what your time was. 7 STEPS FOR A SUCCESSFUL SWIMMING MEET THE PARENT 1. Ensure your swimmer arrives at the pool on time and with the appropriate gear 2. There is usually a small entrance fee for spectators which you pay at the door. The swimmers do not pay. You can also purchase a programme at the door. The programme is very helpful as it is the only way to follow what is going on during the meet. 3. Deliver and introduce your swimmer to the team manager. They and the coach will take care of your swimmer and make sure they are in the right place at the right time and know what to do although it would be useful if you go over the 10 steps for a successful swim meet (above) with your swimmer. 4. Find a seat. Seating during meets is at a premium. The general policy of the club is that all the swimmers sit together and their parents do not sit with the swimmers but rather with the other adult spectators. It is really important for the swimmers to sit with the team as it encourages relationships and team spirit. 5. Swimming, as for most sports, has various rules and regulations that are applied at a swimming competition. These rules have to be enforced by the swimming officials for all swimmers in all Swimming Waikato Parent s Handbook Page 9

11 races regardless of age or experience. Sometimes it can seem harsh when a young swimmer is not allowed to swim in a race or is disqualified because they have broken one of these rules (especially when it seems the swimmer may not have been aware of the rule). It is important for young swimmers to learn these rules early (their coaches will tell them what they are). As sad as you feel as a parent for your (or another child) if they are not allowed to swim or disqualified, it is even harder for the swimming officials to have to enforce these rules and regulations on young children. The officials have no choice. No discretion is allowed from the officials the rules are the rules. Remember that the swimming officials are (or have been) parents and are volunteering their time. Please always be respectful and appreciative of them and be supportive when they have to make these difficult decisions. 6. Be positive and encourage the swimmers. 7. Have fun watching the action! 8. You can take your swimmer home after their last event. Hopefully this explains what to do at the competitions. If you do still have questions, ask the coach or the team manager for your child s team. Swimming Waikato Parent s Handbook Page 10

12 OFFICIALS When you become a swimming family you enter into a sport that cannot exist without your help. There is an expectation from the club that all parents will volunteer to enable us to function as a great swim club. Does this mean I have to do something to help? In a word YES! The meets are all run by volunteers i.e. parents, like you. We encourage all our parents, at an early stage, to get involved. Quite simply, if there are not sufficient officials, we will not be able to hold swimming meets and the swimmers will suffer. You may not necessarily be needed in each event you volunteer for but it is important that you make yourself available. What do Officials Do? Timekeepers - Use stopwatches to record the official time for the swimmer in their lane. Some venues use automatic timing systems with touch pads. Inspector of Turns (IOT) Observes turns from each end of the pool to ensure compliance with the rules applicable for each stroke. Clerk of the Course/Marshal The clerk of the course is responsible for assembling the swimmers prior to each event. Starter The starter is responsible for giving all swimmers a fair start. The starter will start the race by saying 'take your mark', waiting until there is no movement from any swimmer on the blocks, and giving the start signal (usually a high pitch beep! ). Referee The referee enforces all rules and any makes decisions regarding the conditions of the race. So what can I do to get started? Some of these jobs require some knowledge about swimming in order to do them. Ask which job you are doing and if you don t know what the job entails, ASK. Some of the jobs you may be asked to do are: Be on refreshments these people take refreshments to the officials on the deck Be a runner these people collect times from the timekeeper and take them to the recording desk Help at the door these people take the money for entrance at the door, sell programs and raffle tickets Time keep once you have had a few turns doing this Marshal these people organize the swimmers into the correct order for their races instruction will be given to you if it is your first time Once you have been to a few meets and had a turn at timekeeping consider training for further official positions. More information about these positions can be found in the Parent Handbook on the Swimming NZ website. After you have been to one swim meet it would be great if you could volunteer for jobs at your next swim meet rather than waiting to be asked. Swimming Waikato Parent s Handbook Page 11

13 NUTRITION TRAINING Swimming is both a physically and mentally demanding sport. Your child s diet is a vitally important, but often neglected, part of their regime. Getting it right will enable to them train and compete at their best. Pre-training Your swimmer is about to put their body through 1-2hours of intense exercise so it makes sense to fuel it accordingly. Ideally, they should consume a large meal containing good amounts of protein and carbohydrates 2-4 hours before training to provide adequate energy. For an afternoon training, this meal would be their lunch. For a morning session, this is the probably the meal they have the night before! A smaller snack can be consumed closer to training for a top-up. Try the following meal ideas: Baked Beans with grated cheese on toast Pasta spirals with pasta sauce and grated cheese (can be eaten cold or hot). Eggs (cooked any way) on toast Wholegrain sandwiches with chicken/fish/ham/red meat and salad Lasagna or spaghetti bolognaise Homemade pizza Other leftovers from dinner things like roast vegetables and meat can be eaten cold too. A smaller meal can be consumed closer (30min-1hr) to training: Honey, peanut butter or jam on toast Yogurt and fruit Smoothie with fruit and protein powder Muesli bars Protein drink and fruit Creamed rice Primo Extremo, Up & Go or similar. During training If your child is training for longer than 1 hour, it can be a good idea for them to start consuming some carbohydrate rich energy sources whilst they are still training. Sports drinks, gels or light foods are ideal for this. Remember they need to drink plenty of water while they are training so they stay hydrated! Swimming Waikato Parent s Handbook Page 12

14 Try the following during training to keep them going right until the last set: Homemade sports drink 1: for a standard 700ml drink bottle, mix 1 part pure fruit juice (from concentrate is ok), 1 part water and add a pinch of salt. Homemade sports drink 2: Mix 1 sachet of Vita Fresh in 1L of water. Make 1 L of tea using 5 tea bags of your choice (a combination of Ceylon and green tea works well). Allow to cool and add to the Vita Fresh solution. Add ½ teaspoon of salt and stir.[the tea provides antioxidant and anti-catabolic benefits] Sports drink e.g. PowerAde, Horley's Replace, Leppin Sport etc. Carbohydrate gels e.g. Leppin Muesli bars, bananas or other light snacks: Can be consumed during training if you can stomach them Post-training It has been well researched and documented that appropriate food must be consumed within 20mins of finishing training to ensure a fast and adequate recovery. This is called the 20 minute window of opportunity. A combination of protein and carbohydrates is required to replenish glycogen (the energy source in muscles) and to repair muscles damaged during the course of training. Remember to ensure your child drinks plenty of water to replace what they have lost in sweat. Try the following foods post training to get fast recovery: Muesli bars Protein powder + homemade sports drink Creamed rice Protein powder + fruit Wholegrain sandwich with chicken/fish/ham/red meat and salad Wholegrain sandwich with honey, jam or peanut butter Primo Extremo, Up & Go or similar Yogurt + fruit Mixed nuts and dried fruit It is also important your child consumes a large meal within 90 minutes of finishing training i.e. breakfast in the morning and dinner in the evening should be no more than 90 minutes after finishing respective trainings. Once again, make sure that the meal contains good sources of protein, carbohydrates and plenty of vegetables or fruit. Swimming Waikato Parent s Handbook Page 13

15 COMPETITION DAY It can be hard to eat good meals on competition day due to the staggered nature of races. That makes vitally important for your child to eat a decent breakfast containing complex carbohydrates and protein. They should be doing this everyday anyway! A good breakfast will help keep them going for the day, with top ups coming from smaller, easily digestible snacks. Good options include: Porridge Muesli (can add fruit and yogurt) Eggs on toast Pre race Your child should consume complex carbohydrates that are light and easy on the stomach such as rice crackers (but beware of high salt content). Do not let them consume excessive amounts of lollies or sports drinks as these can cause a sugar high. They will need to consume plenty of water or dilute a sports drink like PowerAde by at least 50%. Alternatively, use the homemade sports drink. Try to ensure they consume a decent meal such as sandwiches, lasagna, pasta etc at such a time that they will have enough time to digest it before their next race. Make sure the meal contains carbohydrates and protein but not too much fat, Post-race Your child can consume a small handful of lollies immediately after racing (before warm down). Jet planes or jelly beans are good. Once warmed down, make sure they start drinking (water, dilute sports drink or homemade sports drink). They can some rice crackers. Now is also a good time for them to eat something more substantial than rice crackers if they have a good break until their next race. Follow these tips, remember to ensure your child ALWAYS DRINKS PLENTY OF WATER and you should see the results come race day. If you want a more specific eating plan for your child s needs, please contact a registered nutritionist. If you have questions regarding this information, please contact the Swimming Waikato Development Panel Swimming Waikato Parent s Handbook Page 14

16 WEBSITES - this is our website with all local and regional event flyers and results. It is important to remember that the closing date on these flyers is for our club to enter and your entries must be to the club as the date indicated either on the notice board at the pool or on your club website - Take Your Marks (TYM) is a website where competitive swimmers can: - record meet results, - store and maintain your best times, - find your XLR8 points ranking - set goal times, - graph your results, and - convert times from long to short course (and back) - this is the Swimming NZ website and provides you with all national and international swimming information as well as links to other swim sites NEED MORE HELP? The names and s of the current board and panel members are on our website. If you require more information about anything to do with Swimming Waikato please do not hesitate to contact us: Executive Officer Lucy Anastasiadou-Hobbs Telephone: Fax: Lucy@swimmingwaikato.co.nz Address: 360 Tristram Street, Private Bag 3091, Hamilton Events & Communications Brian Perry Charitable Trust Telephone: Fax: admin@swimmingwaikato.co.nz Address: 360 Tristram Street, Private Bag 3091, Hamilton Competitions Panel Chairperson Jenny Lornie Telephone: jennylornie@xtra.co.nz Technical Panel Chairperson Gavin Ion Telephone: or Gavin.Ion@waidc.govt.nz Development Panel Chairperson George May Georgem@stpeters.school.nz Swimming Waikato Parent s Handbook Page 15

17 SWIMMING LINGO AOD: Automatic Officiating Device. Stops & Starts electronic timing (touch pads). Monitors & records times of each race. At each swim meet this device is manned by an AOD operator. AWD: Athletes with disabilities. AWD swimmers are classified with the range of classification going from the swimmers with least ability for the stroke (severe disability) (S1, SB1, SM1) to those with the most physical ability (minimal disability) (S10, SB9, SM10). Backstroke: A stroke performed on the back, using backward circular strokes of each arm and flipper movements of the feet. Bilateral breathing: Most common in freestyle. Breathing to both the left and right side, many different combinations of stroke patterns may be used to achieve this. Blocks: The starting platforms located behind each lane. Blocks have a variety of designs and can be permanent or removable, but also incorporate a bar to allow swimmers to perform backstroke starts. Breaststroke: Arms are moving simultaneously under the water horizontally, with legs doing a frog kick. Butterfly: Arms move together in an 'up and over' motion, while legs complete two dolphin actions per stroke cycle. Circle swimming: Swimmers swim either anticlockwise or clockwise depending on which lane they re in. e.g. clockwise in lane odd number lanes, anti-clockwise in even number lanes. This is the best way to avoid collision of arms and is common procedure in regional and national swimming events. Converted times: Because swimmers should gain speed during the execution of a turn, swim times are converted between short and long course. DIV II: Division 2 national meet. A single national meet is held in mid March for swimmers who achieve the qualifying times but who have not achieved a NAGs time. This meet is run in the following age groups 13 & Under, 14 & 15, and 16 & over. DQ: Disqualified. The swimmer has broken a rule relating to the start or the stroke swum. Pace clock: The big clock on the wall or deck, used for interval training. Swimmers who can read the clock and know their times improve find it easy to monitor their own progress and can give their own send off. Pool deck: The area around a swimming pool. During a meet, only 'authorised people' may be on deck. This is generally just team managers, officials, coaches and swimmers. Swimming Waikato Parent s Handbook Page 16

18 Flags: These are suspended over the width of each end of the pool approximately 5m from the wall; they allow backstroke swimmers to determine where the end of the pool is. The lane ropes may also change colour 5m out from the wall. Six beat kick: Six kicks per full arm stroke. (3 kicks per hand hit ). Freestyle: Another name for the front crawl. IOT: Inspector of Turns. Responsible for checking that swimmers turn or finish complies with the appropriate swimming rule. They are situated at the ends of the pool Juniors: National meet for swimmers 12 and under on the date the meet starts. Three meets are held concurrently with the medal winners being the swimmers achieving the fastest times when the results are consolidated. Lane ropes: The dividers used to set out the lanes in a pool. Lane ropes are segmented 1m apart and are used to dissipate waves. Lap counter: Large numbered cards used during longer freestyle events 800m and 1500m. Used so swimmers can see how many laps they have to go. Long Course: Events swum in a 50m pool. Short Course: Events swum in a 25m pool. Marshalling: The swimmers go to the marshaling area ahead of their race; the person responsible for marshalling the swimmers organizes them into the correct race and heat. Medley: All strokes are used. This can be an individual event, with one person swimming all strokes. Or it can be a relay event with four people, each swimming a different stroke. The order for individual medley events is: butterfly, backstroke, breaststroke, freestyle. The order for medley relay events is: backstroke, breaststroke, Butterfly, freestyle. NAGS: National Age Groups. This is the highest national meet swimmers in the following age groups 13, 14, 15, 16 & 17 Opens: This is a national meet swimmers compete with no age categories. It is generally run in April (sometimes as a trial meet for Commonwealth or Olympic team selection. Open water swimming: Swimming in water other than in a pool including rivers, lakes or oceans. Swimming New Zealand runs National Open Water Swimming events for 5Km and 10Km events and 10Km is an Olympic event. PB: Personal Best. This is generally used in the context of a personal best time for a particular event. Pull: A drill where swimmers place a pull buoy between their legs to Swimming Waikato Parent s Handbook Page 17

19 keep them afloat, replacing kicking and staying balanced. Referee: The head official at a swim meet. Qualifying Times: Published times necessary to enter certain meets, or the times necessary to achieve a specific category of swimmer. Team Manager: The Team Manager coordinates the swimmers and club officials in their team at the swimming meet. Their duties include ensuring swimmers go to marshalling on time, club officials for the meet (eg time keepers, IOTs, etc) are in place, ensuring required equipment is brought to the meet (eg managers bag etc) and dealing with any administrative issues that arise. Technical Official: Swimming competitions rely on Technical Officials to provide the support and technical information to allow a competition to be held. Technical Officials roles include Timekeepers, Inspector of Turns, Starter and Referee Touch pad: The removable plate (on the end of pools) that is connected to an automatic timing system. A swimmer must properly touch the touchpad to register an official time in a race. These are generally backed up by time keepers. Tumble turn: Similar to a summersault under the water upon reaching the pool wall. A tumble turn is faster than a 'touch and go' once the technique is mastered. Cool down/loosen: Used by the swimmer to rid the body of excess lactic acid generated during a race. Warm up: The practice and loosening session a swimmer does before the meet or their event. The blood flow to the muscles warm up creates is essential to avoid injury. Swimming Waikato Parent s Handbook Page 18

20 NEW COMPETITIVE MEMBER S CHECKLIST Read the Swimming Waikato Parent Handbook Read the Swimming Waikato Code of Conduct Entering swim meets: Check on our website or with your club for upcoming meets. Don t forget to volunteer your help & learn how to time keep Take your marks register so you can track your child s progress. See Download the Live Results mobile app from the Swimming Waikato website Swimming Waikato Sponsors & Supporters Swimming Waikato Parent s Handbook Page 19