BUCKINGHAMSHIRE LEARNING TRUST. Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy

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1 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE LEARNING TRUST IN ASSOCIATION WITH BUCKS COUNTY COUNCIL Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy 3 rd Part 1 October 2015

2 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 Foreword I would like to thank the following individuals for their contributions and support in updating this revised edition of the Buckinghamshire Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy. Ali Arber Angela Thirkettle Beeba Heskins Bill Elgar Carol Macdonald Ellie Young Georgie Boddy Helen Shepherd Jackie Bennion Jane Stevens Kate Chaplin Kim Davies Lauren Parker-Lynn Lisa Atkinson Michael Dunn Mike Schuff BLT Education Excellence Adviser for Physical Education BLTBusiness Support Officer for Swimming (until March 2015) G L Assistant Commercial Product Manager Swimming Coach at Maxwell Swim Deputy Headteacher, Aston Clinton School (TBC) BLTBusiness Support Officer for Swimming Swim Tutor for BCC and OCC Headteacher Aston Clinton School Swimming Coordinator Stoke Mandeville Stadium Aquatic Support Tutor and Lifeguard School Games Organiser, School Sports Partnership Organiser Swimming Coordinator Risborough Springs Swimming Teacher, Booker Park School Head coach at Maxwell Swim Club Acting Director of Volunteers and Community Education at Royal Life Saving Society UK - RLSS UK Carlton Associates 2

3 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 Naima France Neil Bailey Ollie Brewer Pat Beveridge Robert Williams Rory Finnegan Sarah Turner Sue Parker Sue Stamp Susan Barlow Therese McAlorum Terry Day Tim Hutton Wendy Zakrzewski Headteacher, Overstone Combined School, Wing Neil Bailey Swimming Development Coach at Wycombe District Swimming Club BCC Health and Safety BCC Educational Visits Adviser BCC Health and Safety Aqua Vale Swim Lesson Manager Licenced ASA Swim Tutor Headteacher, Long Crendon Primary School ASA Programme Manager Youth and Community BCC Safeguarding BCC Cyclical Services Engineer ASA Aquatic Officer, Bucks, Oxon and West Berks Better, Sports Officer References and full contact details can be found on page 57 Mandy Carey BLT Education Excellence Adviser for Swimming Licenced ASA Tutor 3

4 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 Contents Part 1 Bucks Safe Practice in School Swimming For all involved with school swimming This can be found on the Bucks Grid for Learning ( Page Summary 6 Introduction 7 Glossary of Terms 9 Definitions 10 Responsibilities 11 Normal Operating Procedure (NOP) 15 Emergency Action Plan (EAP) 15 Risk Assessment 16 Medical Information 18 First aid Arrangement 18 Pool Rules 19 School Staff Accompanying Pupils to School Swimming Lessons 20 Qualifications Required 23 Teacher Pupil Ratio s 24 ASA Guidance 26 School Swimming Qualifications 28 AfPE Guidance 30 Diving Shallow Entry 30 Lifeguarding Provision 31 School Swimming Gala s 34 Swimmers with Disabilities 34 Swimming Teacher Position 36 Swimming Clothing and Equipment 37 Guidance on Goggles 38 Child Protection 39 Conditions of Hire to Outside Organisations 42 Safety Equipment 44 School Pool Management 45 Educational Visits 49 References 56 Info and Advice 58 List of Appendices 59 4

5 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools and Swimming Pool Plant on School Sites. This is a separate document for Headteachers and Plant/Pool Managers with their own school pools and is available from the BCC Health and Safety team: intranet.buckscc.gov.uk/howdo-i/building-and-facilities/health-and-safety/policies and procedures 5

6 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 Summary The purpose of this document is to set out the policies and provide guidance on safe practice in school swimming, whether at a school pool, hydrotherapy pool, public pool or during school visits. It aims to keep everyone involved in school swimming safe. Included are the policies and procedures of Buckinghamshire Learning Trust (BLT) and Buckinghamshire County Council (BCC) based on current national guidance in relation to school swimming lessons, swimming pool safety, and educational visits, which may include water based activities. This policy reflects current working practices of BLT Aquatic Staff. The appendices contain exemplar materials and greater detail on guidance. Part 2, a separate document, contains Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools and Swimming Pool Plant on School Site. This policy is for all BCC maintained schools. It is recommended that Academies, Foundation and Voluntary Aided schools also follow the guidance within the policy. Where schools use leisure provider pools,partnership working is vital, not only to keep pupils and staff safe, but also to ensure the inclusion of a breadth of aquatic opportunities,which meet the needs of all pupils. 6

7 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 Introduction The following policy has been revised and updated by Buckinghamshire Learning Trust (BLT) and Buckinghamshire County Council (BCC). It has been through wide consultation involving Bucks Swim Focus Group, Headteachers, Leisure Providers, Swimming Coordinators, the Amateur Swimming Association (ASA) and Royal Lifesaving Society (RLSS),to develop what we hope will be a valuable and accurately informed working document. It is intended to inform and support the following: Headteachers Governors Teachers in Charge of School Swimming within their School Leisure Providers Swimming Teachers Working in partnership will ensure a consistent joined up approach in the planning and delivery of safe, quality school swimming lessons. Swimming is a vital life skill. It is important that personal survival skills are taught. Students should understand the effects and dangers of cold water, their ability to assess a survival situation and the application of the principals of personal survival. Swimming in clothes differs considerably from styles and techniques used in normal swimming lessons. Students should be taught how to conserve energy and body heat through the use of gentle swimming movements and holding particular body positions. Wearing everyday clothing helps simulate real situations. (AfPE Safe Practice in Physical Education and Sport 2012 Edition) Physical Education including Swimming is a National Curriculum Foundation Subject and thus STATUTORY. 7

8 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 From September 2014, all schools must provide Swimming instruction in either Key Stage 1 or Key Stage 2. In particular, pupils should be taught to: Swim competently, confidently and proficiently over a distance of at least 25m Use a range of strokes effectively, such as front crawl, backstroke and breaststroke Perform safe self-rescue in different water based situations The ASA recommendation is that pupils will receive a minimum of 25 hours of school swimming lessons before the end of key stage 2. Swimming is a highly beneficial life-saving activity.it supports the acquisition and development of physical literacy, along with skills for health and enjoyment. Swimming is Wet PE! As a threshold skill, it also gives access to many other water based recreational activities. Swimming is one of the few activities that people can enjoy all their lives either on their own, with family or friends of the same or different ages, whether just for fun or competitively. We owe it to our youngsters to give them the best chance to learn to swim as well and as early as possible. Nevertheless, it also carries the risks of death through drowning or injury by brain damage through near drowning. The teaching and learning of swimming and water safety therefore requires the utmost care on the part of all concerned. 8

9 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 Glossary of Terms AfPE ASA ASA/FINA ASA/NCTP ASA/UKCC BCC BLT Bucks STRC CIMSPA DBS DfES/CCPR EAP EHO HLTA IOS ISPE ISRM NC NOP NPLQ PWMC QCF RAPs RIDDOR Association for Physical Education Amateur Swimming Association Federation Internationale de Natation also known as International Swimming Federation National Curriculum Training Programme United Kingdom Coaching Certificate Buckinghamshire County Council Buckinghamshire Learning Trust Bucks Shallow Tank Rescue Course Chartered Institute for the Management of Sport and Physical Activity Disclosure Barring Service Department for Education and Skills/Central Council for Physical Education Emergency Action Plan Environmental Health Officer Higher Level Teaching Assistant Institute of Swimming Institute of Swimming Pool Engineers Institute of Sport and Recreation Management National Curriculum Normal Operating Procedure National Pool Lifeguard Qualification Pool Water Maintenance Contractor Qualification and Credit Framework Register of Aquatic Professionals Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous OccurrencesRegulations 9

10 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 RLSS RLSS/NRASTAC RLSS NWSMP SEND STA STA/NaRS (PL) TA Royal Life Saving Society National Rescue Award for Swimming Teachers and Coaches RLSS National Water Safety Management Programme Special Educational Needs and Disability Swimming Teachers Association National Pool Lifeguard Certificate Teaching Assistant Definitions Teachers in Charge of school swimming within their school: The named teacher or member of staff responsible for coordinating swimming arrangements for their school. Accompanying School Staff: These are the adults employed by the school or volunteers chosen to accompany the children to their swimming lesson. Leisure Providers: These are staff in pools coordinating and providing school swimming who are employed by the Leisure facility. Specialist Swimming Teacher: The individual in charge of the school swimming lesson, as a minimum, qualified to ASA UKCC Level 2 or STA equivalent. Swimming Teacher Assistants: Individuals that can work under the supervision of a Swimming Teacher, qualified to ASA UKCC Level 1. Lifeguard: The individual responsible for lifeguarding, rescue and resuscitation of swimmers in difficulty. 10

11 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 Responsibilities I. Overall County Council Responsibility BCC and BLT have a responsibility for ensuring safety in swimming in all maintained schools. As part of this responsibility the BLT and BCC provides the Safe Practice in School Swimming policy. The BLT provides guidance and support for school swimming and offers a variety of relevant training. NB. In Academies, Foundation and Voluntary Aided schools the Governing Body holds this responsibility. II. School Responsibility - Governors and Headteachers The Governing Body must ensure that a nominated member of staff is delegated the responsibility of Teacher in Charge of Swimming and applies the Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy to all aspects of school swimming. This will incorporate the proper operation of the school s own swimming facility or use of a third party pool. Governors should meet with the Teacher in Charge of swimming to ensure the policy and procedures contained within this document are being applied. Completing risk assessments member of staff carries a copy of this with them, together with emergency contact numbers in the school swimming folder (with copy held centrally by Headteacher) Ensuring all staff accompanying pupils to school swimming have read and understood the current Normal Operating Procedure (NOP) and Emergency Action Plan (EAP) Ensuring staff accompanying school swimming are qualified in both the delivery of school swimming & safeguarding Maintaining a central record of staff qualifications and training (in school swimming folder) BLT hold a central data base for all staff trained where individuals hold qualifications gained from other providers, They must submit copies of certificates to the BLT swimming team. 11

12 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 Keeping current copies of the Conditions of Hire Completing the Bi-annual Governors Checklist issued by BLT, see Appendix I. Schools using pools other than their own, will need to request the pool s Normal Operating Procedure (NOP) and Emergency Action Plan (EAP) and ensure that accompanying school staff read these and sign to show an understanding of their responsibilities during the visit to the pool. These documents need to be kept in the School Swimming Folder. III. Teacher in Charge of School Swimming Maintain School Swimming Folder (see Governor section above) Visit the pool before swimming programme commences to understand all relevant NOP/EAP aspects, risk assess & plan your programme with your Specialist Swimming Teacher Complete Trips & Visits form (agreed by Headteacher) Undertake Risk Assessments, signed by all staff involved (including Headteacher). This will include written information on pupils with medical conditions and /or additional needs and must be shared with the Specialist Swimming Teacher. IV. Accompanying School Staff School staff have overallduty OF CARE that applies for any activity in which children are involved and they cannot transfer their duty of care to anyone else. This applies to all activities within the school curriculum and extra-curricular activities organised by the school during and outside of school hours, whether on or off school premises. In relation to swimming this means that: Children are appropriately supervised when changing Children are under control at all times 12

13 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 A head count is taken before, during and after sessions. This should be recorded in the swimming registers The NOP and EAP are enforced; all staff on poolside should be aware of the emergency procedures of any external provision, ensuring that children are aware of what to do in the event of an emergency evacuation School Teachers/staff have an overview of the teaching of their children and the conduct of their class School Teachers/staff remain on poolside to provide an assisting role to teach swimming (they must hold a minimum ASA Fundamentals of School Swimming certificate) School Teachers/staff have the responsibility for monitoring the progress of thepupils, regardless of who directs the sessions School Teachers/staff should be aware of the additional needs or medical conditions of the pupils they are teaching so that correct measures/ precautions can be put in place School Teachers should accompany their own classes to their swimming lessons whenever possible, as they know their children in a unique way. When public pools are used for school swimming, the duty of care remains with the school staff. Specialist Swimming Teachers may be employed to assist with the teaching of the lesson, but it is essential the school staff remain on poolside. Specialist Swimming Teachers also have a duty of care for the pupils directly in their control and for ensuring an appropriate swimming programme for the group. It is the responsibility of the school staff to monitor the progress of the pupils, regardless of who teaches them, equally the teaching programme needs to be agreed to before the course and if necessary moderated during the course. Having a teacher standing on the side passively watching is a massive waste of talent and energy, which could otherwise benefit the class. Involvement, not simply lesson observation, not only reduces teacher pupil ratio, but also enhances the quality of experience for the pupils concerned. 13

14 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 V. The Specialist Swimming Teacher (Qualified to a minimum to ASA UKCC Level 2 or STA equivalent) Needs to: Understand their role in School Swimming Work in partnership with the Teacher in Charge of School Swimming and other school staff accompanying children swimming Ensure a suitable and sufficient risk assessment is undertaken for each group involved in swimming activities Be aware of the additional needs and medical conditions of the children in their class, risk assessing these within the context of the swimming environment Ensure the safe conduct of the class whilst the children are in thewater and on the poolside Enable children to have fun in and near water Prepare schemes of work appropriate to the pupils age and ability with reference to National Curriculum requirements in partnership with the school Ensure appropriate numbers of fully qualified lifeguards are on poolside. Shallow tank school pools will require at least 2 members of school staff qualified in, as a minimum, the Shallow Tank Rescue Course (delivered by BLT Licenced Swim Tutors). 14

15 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 Normal Operating Procedure (NOP) See Appendix D For some children, school swimming could be their first experience of being in a swimming pool. It is important that they know and understand the rules of the pool, pool layout and the possible hazards of this new environment. All school staff must have read and signed to show they understand the Normal Operating Procedure (NOP) for the pool being used for school swimming, to ensure that they understand their role and responsibilities during normal operations to maintain safety. Also refer to School Swimming Checklist (Appendix F) For School Pools Schools with their own pools will need to draw up the NOP for their pool. This needs reviewing at least annually to ensure it is current, relevant and up to date. School staff working in the pool must receive appropriate induction on the NOP which must be recorded by the school, signed by the person delivering the induction and kept on file. Emergency Action Plan (EAP) See Appendix E An Emergency Action Plan details roles and responsibilities in the event of an emergency. All staff must receive an induction course on the EAP to ensure that they understand their role and responsibilities during an emergency. This must be recorded by the school, signed by the person delivering the training and kept on file. Schools with their own pools will need to draw up or review their own risk assessment as a basis for writing the EAP for their pool. 15

16 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 Notices need to be displayed to advise pool users of the arrangements in the event of an emergency. All school classes should run emergency practice drills during the first lesson of each term (and then regularly afterwards) in order that both staff and pupils recognise emergencysignals and procedures and know how to respond to them. Exit doors and signs, fire-fighting equipment and alarm points need to be checked regularly to ensure that they are working and accessible. All fire doors must be operable without the aid of a key at all times the pool is in use. These should be checked at the start of every lesson. Safety equipment such as poles, throwing ropes or throw bags, first aid provision (such as emergency blanket) and emergency alarms need to be sufficient in quantity.these need to be regularly checked, records kept and an initialled checklist by the alarm. Equipment needs to be positioned so as to be readily available when needed without creating additional hazards to pool users. All pools must be equipped with an alarm or alternative backup means of raising an alarm and summoning support in the event of an accident or incident. If the pool has no alarm, there should be a landline phone on poolside which is checked before each lesson. Mobile phones are only appropriate as a back-up and signals and battery life must be checked on arrival at poolside prior to the lesson. All pools need to have a clear procedure for removing pupils with physical disabilities. It is recommended that special schools have a spinal board on poolside and training on this (refer to Herts Handling in Contacts). Risk Assessment See Appendix A/B/C Each pool and each session, the children and the staff participating, will have unique features that make particular demands upon safety. Each pool and each session must therefore be dealt with individually and risk assessments produced to cover the activity. The school must provide the Specialist Swimming Teacher with a register, up to date medical information and any other relevant information about the children, one week before swimming takes place. The completed register of children present should be updated and handed to the Specialist Swimming Teacher for them to check before each lesson. 16

17 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 Accompanying school staff are expected to undertake a dynamic risk assessment in situ each time they attend the pool. Staff should take action to control any identified changes such as: Availability and condition of rescue/emergency equipment The age ability and numbers of children in each class The activities they will be undertaking The qualifications of the people leading and supporting the session Known additional needs/medical conditions Weather Conditions Public Pools If in any doubt about the safety of the lesson, don t proceed. The school need to make a judgement if the public pool is safe and appropriate for school swimming. Where public pools are used regularly for swimming lessons, the school and leisure provider should arrange an induction course on the NOP and EAP to ensure that all accompanying school staff are clear about how the pool operates and the role they will have to play in an emergency. Schools whose pupils take part in swimming must be familiar with: Risk Assessments for the pool The Normal Operating Procedure (NOP) The Emergency Action Plan (EAP) Conditions of hire/hire agreement Pool Rules (usually found in NOP and displayed on poolside) Any special requirements or medical conditions of pupils (N.B. the appendices at the back of this policy contain model procedures and forms which must be made specific to each school and pool). 17

18 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 Medical Information The Headteacher should ensure that all relevant and up to date medical and health information is maintained within the School Swimming Folder. It is a requirement that all relevant medical conditions are documented on each school's swimming register and Risk Assessment; and that each Specialist Swimming Teacher and Accompanying School Staff must be in possession of all medical information one week prior to that child swimming. This will need updating when necessary. If a child experiences a new medical condition during a swimming lesson, this must be documented in writing by the Teacher in Charge of School Swimming. School staff should discuss the condition with the Parent/carer of the child and review whether the pupil is able to continue swimming. This will ensure that safe procedures can be put in place before the child participates in the next swimming lesson. It is the responsibility of the school to ensure that medication, including inhalers, is accessible at all times on poolside. A child will not be allowed to swim if their medication is not available, unless an emergency salbutamol kit (with a spacer ) is available from the school (refer to BCC section 8.9 Policies and Procedures Supporting Pupils with Medical Conditions ) First Aid Arrangements All schools should make or check the arrangements for First Aid for travel to, from and at the pool. Emergency blankets (in the event of an emergency evacuation) should be available for all in a box and clearly labelled. There must be a qualified First Aider, on site at all times when the pool is in use. In pools used by children under 8 a First Aider should be qualified in Paediatric First Aid. In public pools this is the responsibility of the pool operator. Accidents/Incidents requiring first aid need to be recorded on an accident form/book. Schools hiring the pool must request a copy of the form for their own records. 18

19 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 Accidents/Incidents should be reported to BCC via the ANT system and further reported the HSE under the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 2013 (RIDDOR) where appropriate. Pool Rules A copy of a pool rules will be found in the site s NOP. Rules will vary from pool to pool, so it is important that school staff read and understand the NOP for the site they are using before the first session. The pool rules should be displayed and explained to all pupils before their first swimming lesson. Pupils should be reminded at the start of each term and ideally coincide with the emergency procedures when being tested (i.e. alarms). The following are examples of standard pool rules. It is by no means a comprehensive list. Pupils must not enter onto poolside unless a member of staff is present Pupils must not leave the class without permission Pupils must not enter the water until instructed to do so No running on poolside No food to be consumed on poolside No shouting No jumping or diving unless instructed to do so* No jewellery to be worn No outdoor shoes on poolside Swim caps must be worn *Only ASA/UKCC Level 2 / STA Level 2 Certificate in Swimming Teaching Teachers are qualified to teach diving.refer to the section on diving. The pools NOP should be checked before allowing jumping in as water may be too shallow.pool depth needs to be at least 1m, although the ASA advisea risk assessment be undertaken before permitting jumping to take place in water of less than 1.5m. 19

20 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 School Staff Accompanying Pupils to their School Swimming Lesson It is recommended that for all school swimming lessons at least 2 members of school appointed staff, who know the children, accompany the class to the swimming pool (this applies to both school pools and leisure provider pools). At least one of these should be a teacher. Primary School Teachers should accompany their own class to swimming, whenever possible, as they know their children in a unique way. There should always be someone on poolside who knows the specific medical or additional needs of the pupils. School staff accompanying pupils swimming should be suitably qualified (refer to section on qualifications, page 23), confident and competent. The Association for Physical Education (AfPE) recommends: Where specialist Swimming Teachers are employed to lead the lesson, it is essential that school staff remain on poolside to provide an assisting role. All adults accompanying pupils to swimming lessons should: Be given a clear role Understand the limits of the role Be confident on poolside Communicate with the other adults on safety issues Have the necessary discipline and follow their School Behaviour Policy Regularly carry out head counts during, as well as at the beginning and end of, sessions Know, understand and be able to apply the pool normal operating procedures (NOPs) and emergency action plan (EAP) Be suitably dressed for the role they are to play in the lesson. (Based onsafe Practice in Physical Education and Sport 2012 Edition) 20

21 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 In order to ensure that school staff understand their role and are confident and competent, all Accompanying School StaffMUST have undertaken a minimum of the Amateur Swimming Association (ASA) NCTP Fundamentals of School Swimming (formerly Module 1, Units 1 and 2) prior to taking their pupils to school swimming lessons. Please see the overview of ASA National Curriculum Training Programme Certificate for teaching School Swimming on next page. Accompanying School Staff need to work in partnership with Specialist Swimming Teachers. For schools with their own pools, it is highly recommended that staff also undertake the ASA NCTP Aquatic Skills of School Swimming Course (formerly ASA Module 2), which completes the ASA National Curriculum Training Programme. Please see next page for details. The names and dates of staff trained should be kept in the School Swimming Folder. (BLT keeps a data base of all trained staff). Where individuals hold qualifications gained from other providers, they must submit copies of certificates to the BLT swimming team. 21

22 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 ASA National Curriculum Training Programme (NCTP) Certificate for Teaching School Swimming. Primary Delivery Models Fundamentals of School Swimming (6 hour course) Core Module 1 Roles, responsibilities and relationships Health and safety Safeguarding and protecting children Organisation of the learning environment Core Module 2 Physical Development Developing key underpinning skills Introduction to the strokes Primary Module 4 Swimming and water safety in the NC Practical Aquatic Skills of School Swimming -(9 hour course) Core Module 3 Planning and preparing aquatic sessions Primary Module 4 Additional skills Key aspects of progression, attainment and assessment Practical Observation Candidates teaching pupils Where both courses are undertaken, these courses could be delivered in 2 full days All candidates will receive invaluable resources, including the NCTP Learner Guide andnational Curriculum Activity Cards. (Candidates are registered with the ASA and BLT database and receive certificates). 22

23 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 Qualifications Required A minimum requirement for all staff accompanying their pupils school swimming ASA NCTP Fundamentals of School Swimming (Formerly Module 1, Units 1 and 2) 6 hour course including peer practical and theory The holder of ASA NCTP Fundamental Skills of School Swimming may work under the guidance of a Specialist School Swimming Teacher (see ratios on pages 26-29) to actively support and assist A minimum requirement for staff teaching swimming at their own shallow tank pool without a UKCC level 2 or equivalent Highly recommended for staff teaching swimming at their own shallow tank pool without a UKCC level 2 or equivalent ASA NCTP Fundamentals of School Swimming (Formerly Module 1, Units 1 and 2) ASA NCTP Aquatic Skills of school Swimming (Formerly Module 2) 6 hour course including peer practical and theory 9 hour course including theory and practical using pupils The holder of ASA NCTP Aquatic Skills of School Swimmingwill be qualified to plan & evaluate session plans in line with NC and teach independently within a school swim programme at a shallow tank pool, 1.2m or below. However, at Leisure Provider Pools,they will need to work on poolside with aqualified UKCC Level 2 teacher. The ASA recommend completion of both courses. When both courses have been completed candidates will receive the Certificate for Teaching School Swimming (KS1+2/3+4) 23

24 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 Teacher Pupil Ratios As specific circumstances and the building design of swimming pools vary greatly, definitive sets of ratios are not always appropriate. For example, shallow-depth learner pools are much easier to supervise than large public pools where the presence of public swimmers can present problems. The starting point for any such policy should be the completion of a thorough Risk Assessment based on considerations of staff and pupils, the context and organisation and national governing body guidance. Teacher pupil ratios (not to be confused with bather capacity) will be found in the pool s NOP and will be based on risk assessments. Irrespective of the teacher pupil ratio, there must always be at least 2 qualified members of school staff present on poolside during the swimming lesson. All pools will have a designated maximum bather capacity appropriate to the size of the pool. This should be available in the pool s NOP. Class sizes will be deduced from both bather capacity and an appropriate Risk Assessment. Occasionally, Specialist Swimming Teachers will request a dedicated named person to provide additional support for an individual child who has particular health and safety need whilst swimming. Sometimes this person is referred to as a "spotter". If spotters are in the water, they become a participant and should be included in the numbers under the supervision of the Specialist Swimming Teacher. They will be additional to Fundamentals of School Swimmingtrained staff. In exceptional circumstances, Specialist Swimming Teachers may ask individual children to sit out of lessons until their health and safety in the water can be managed satisfactorily. A member of school accompanying staff is responsible for the safe supervision of any child asked to sit out of a lesson. Additional school accompanying staff, Swimming Teacher Assistants or Support Teachers,who may be in the water to aid a pupil do not count towards the teacher pupil ratio, but do count towards bather capacity numbers. They also need to be fully aware of their role and understand relevant aspects from NOP/EAP. The Amateur Swimming Association recommend maximum teacher: pupil ratios (please see next page). 24

25 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 Amateur Swimming Association Guidelines The ratios outlined below are guidelines set by the Amateur Swimming Association for Swimming Teachers holding an ASA/UKCC Level 2 Certificate for Teaching Aquatics Qualification. These ratios should only be used for guidance when writing risk assessments, Normal Operating Procedures and Emergency Action Plans and other factors need to be taken into account, including the competency and experience of the Swimming Teacher, Lifeguard provision (if the Teacher is also taking on the role of the Lifeguard), design of the pool and ability of the pupils. The following applies to UKCC Level 2 ASA (or equivalent) Swimming Teachers: PLEASE PAY PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE BOLD TYPE SECTIONS WHEN WRITING YOUR RISK ASSESSMENTS AND JOINTLY PLANNING WITH YOUR LEISURE PROVIDERS Non-swimmers and beginners 12:1 Young children, normally primary school age or adults being introduced to swimming who are unable to swim 10m unaided on their front and back. Children under the age of 7 12:1 Irrespective of their swimming ability, group size should be restricted. Improving swimmers 20:1 Swimmers of a similar ability to each other who can swim at least 10m competentlyand unaided on their back and on their front. It is recommended that the lessons be confined to an area in which the children are not out of their depth. Mixed ability groups 20:1 Pupils with a range of ability (from improving to competent) where the least able andleast confident are working well within their depth. Swimmers techniques, stamina and deep water experience should be considered. 25

26 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 Competent swimmers 20:1 Those swimmers who can swim at least 25m competently and unaided on front and back and can tread water for 2 minutes. Competitive swimmers 30:1 Training only with very competent swimmers. Swimmers with disabilities-various Each situation must be considered individually as people with disabilities are not a homogeneous group. Care must be taken to ensure that there are sufficient helpers in the water to provide 1:1 ratio for those needing constant support and a sufficient number of other helpers to provide the degree of support required by the range of disabilities within the group. Individual risk assessments must be undertaken so that the teacher in charge of swimmers with disabilities can be aware of the particular needs of each child. ASA Guidance The absolute upper limit for a qualified ASA UKCC Level 2 (or equivalent) Teacher in School Swimming is 20:1 (owing to the likely mixed ability of the group). It is emphasised that this will need to be lower depending on the Risk Assessment; e.g. age, ability, special needs and where schools are taking children who are beginners, unable to swim 10m unaided on their front and back (see ASA guidance). For example, where schools are taking children who are beginners, unable to swim 10M unaided on their front or back, which is often the reality, the ratio becomes 12:1 and schools will therefore need to employ additional qualified swimming teachers to work safely within these ratios. Where schools take more than 20 pupils swimming; e.g. a class of 30 pupils, the above applies and they will require a minimum of: 2 ASA UKCC Level 2 Qualified Swimming Teachers, along with 2 Fundamentals of School Swimming qualified school staff/support teacher. 26

27 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 THE BCC/BLT POLICY ON SAFE SWIMMING RATIOS COMPLIES WITH RELEVANT NATIONAL GOVERNING BODIES (January 2014). Leisure Provider pools work within the above national governing body ratio guidelines. The Bucks Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy requires school staff with ASA Fundamentals of School Swimming qualification to assist leisure provider qualified swimming teachers (whilst still working under the above ratios and the guidance of the Level 2 Swimming Teacher). The ASA recommend that Fundamentals of School Swimming qualified school staff work with a maximum of 3 pupils, again dependent on confidence, competence and risk assessments, under the guidance and supervision of the qualified Level 2 Swimming Teacher and within the ASA recommended ratios. Schools may well need to employ another qualified Swimming Teacher to meet these ratios. For Aquatic Skills of School Swimming qualified school staff, the ASA recommend that school staff work with a maximum of 8 pupils, again dependent on confidence, competence and risk assessments, alongside a qualified Level 2 Swimming Teacher and within the ASA recommended ratios. It is strongly recommended that schools with their own pools qualify their staff to Aquatic Skills of School Swimming which fully completes both parts of the NCTP. 27

28 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 School Swimming Qualifications Based on the ASA 2015 revised NCTP qualifications. SCENARIO REQUIRED QUALIFICATION FOR SCHOOL SWIMMING WHO FOR? WHAT DOES THIS QUALIFY ME TO DO?/ADDITIONAL INFORMATION School pool shallower than 1.2m Minimum ASA NCTP Fundamentals of School Swimming (6 hour course) delivered by ASA Licenced BLT staff* At least 2 members of school staff (Teachers, HLTA s +TA s) must attend ASA NCTP Fundamentals course This is the minimum requirement for school staff to deliver school based swimming lessons providing: *At least 2 members of swimming qualified staff on poolside At least 2 members qualified to BLT Shallow Tank Rescue Training (this may be the same 2) The group should be no more than 20 pupils or the maximum bather capacity for the pool (found in NOP) It is strongly recommended that schools with their own pools also qualify their staff to Aquatic Skills of School Swimming which fully completes both parts of the NCTP. Primary School Staff using a pool deeper than 1.2m At least 1 UKCC level 2 Certificate for Teaching Aquatics or STA Level 2 Certificate in Swimming Teaching School or Leisure Provider Staff Work with an absolute upper limit of 20:1 - see ASA guidance on ratios for qualified Specialist Swimming Teachers 28

29 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 They must be supported by a minimum of 2 members of school staff trained to a minimum level - Fundamentals of School Swimming (6 hour Course) delivered by ASA Licenced BLT staff School staff (teachers, HLTA s + TA s ASA Fundamentals of school swimming qualified staff work with a ratio 3:1 pupils working under the guidance of a level 2 qualified Specialist Swimming Teacher who is working under ASA recommended ratio s (this ratio will be dependent on Risk Assessment; eg competency and confidence as agreed by the Leisure Provider) Secondary school PE teachers with a pool deeper than 1.2m Secondary PE Degree PGCE or Equivalentwith: Minimum requirement ASA Fundamentals of School Swimming (Secondary ) (6 hour course) delivered by ASA Licenced BLT staff Or Hold ASA Aquatic Skills of School Swimming NCTP Qualification Alongside an ASA UKCC Level 2 qualified Swimming Teacher Alongside another ASA Aquatic Skills of School Swimming NCTP qualified School Teacher Must adhere to ASA Ratio guidelines i.e. absolute upper limit 20:1 Aquatic Skills of School Swimming course fully completes both parts of the NCTP At least 2 qualified members of staff should be on poolside Considerations - The Risk Assessment is paramount and should determine safe ratios. Where School Staff qualify their staff in the NCTP Aquatic Skills of School Swimming, the ratio moves from 3:1 pupils to 8:1pupils, still working under the guidance of a level 2 qualified swimming teacher, who is working under the ASA recommended ratios within the 20:1 upper limit. For course outlines or to book onto courses please contact Buckinghamshire Learning Trust School Swimming via Ellie Young Business Support Officer on or eyoung@learnintrust.net As with all qualifications, it is strongly recommended that all staff keep themselves updated and upskilled. Where Teachers and TAs/HLTA s are both involved in lessons, pupil-teacher ratios can be significantly reduced (safety) within ASA teacher pupil ratios. Schools using leisure providers must work in partnership to assist the qualified Specialist Swimming Teachers, within the ratios outlined by the ASA (see above) 29

30 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 AfPE Guidance Some key points arising from discussions with AfPE: Firstly, there should never be only one pair of qualified eyes (a qualified ASA Level 2 or equivalent swimming teacher or lifeguard) on poolside. Whilst teachers have organisational and teaching experience, along with knowledge of their pupils, most will have unqualified eyes in terms of spotting pupils in difficulty in the water. The swimming pool is a totally different environment from school settings. Therefore, if the swimming teacher is also the lifeguard, there should be an additional qualified swimming teacher on poolside Diving Shallow Entry Racing Dives Diving must only be taught by an appropriately qualified swimming teacher with a diving specific qualification. At no point must anyone without this qualification be allowed to teach diving. Please note recently acquired ASA/UKCC level 2/STA Level 2 qualifications may not include an appropriate qualification to teach diving. NB. All teachers (schools and leisure providers) must check with their qualifying bodywhether their qualificationcovers them to deliver diving. Please also refer to AfPE Safe Practice in Physical Education and Sport 2012 Edition, Section for guidance on diving. No diving shall be permitted in water less than 1.8m deep and/or with less than 7.6m forward clearance. However, the clearance will vary according to the height and the ability of the person undergoing instruction and therefore teachers should consider the clearance required, taking this into account. Only shallow entry dives should be permitted. Diving blocks and stages must conform to FINA/ASA regulations 30

31 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 Lifeguarding Provision Pool operators have a responsibility for the safety of all who use their pools. Whenever children swim, there must be someone present with appropriate lifeguarding, rescue and first aid skills. There must always be at least 2 people on poolside whilst there are swimmers in the water. One of these supervisors must always have the responsibility for lifeguarding, rescue and resuscitation. They need to have a suitable lifeguarding qualification in accordance with the pool size, depth, NOP and Risk Assessment. If fully qualified (to ASA UKCC Level 2), in a school pool over 1.2m where the NOP allows, a swimming Teacher can also be responsible for lifeguarding if they hold an appropriate lifeguarding qualification, when assisted by an additional qualified person (at least Fundamentals of School Swimming). A Swimming Teacher who is also responsible for life guarding should not work alone. There must be at least one centre employed lifeguard present at all times during planned school lessons. The risk assessment should inform the number of lifeguards required. Lifeguards must never leave the poolside unattended and always secure the poolside against unauthorised access. They must remain alert and be facing the pool at all times. Lifeguarding Qualifications Public Pool Situation In a public pool In a school pool with deep water (over 1.2m) during a programmed session Lifeguarding Qualification Needed (This will usually be provided by the leisure provider) Minimum qualification: National Pool Lifeguard Qualification (NPLQ) or STA Certificate NaRS Pool Lifeguard Minimum qualification: School Pool Royal Life Saving Society National Rescue Award for Swimming Teachers and Coaches (NRASTC) or STA Certificate NaRS Pool Lifeguard Information Schools should refer to the pool s NOP Schools should refer to the pool s NOP as more advanced qualifications may be needed after a risk assessment At least 2 qualified members of staff need to be on poolside 31

32 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 In a school pool with deep water (over 1.2m) during an unprogrammed session In a school pool with shallow water (less than 1.2m) during a programmed session In a school pool with shallow water (less than 1.2m) during an unprogrammed session Minimum qualification: National Pool Lifeguard Qualification (NPLQ) Minimum qualification: BLTShallow Tank Rescue Course (delivered by a BLT Trainer) Minimum qualification: National Pool Lifeguard Qualification (NPLQ) The pool's NOP should be referred to, as un-programmed sessions are often prohibited due to their unpredictable nature. Schools should refer to the pool's NOP as more advanced qualifications may be needed after a risk assessment. The County Rescue Course must be retaken every 2 years. All staff new to the pool or newly recruited Adults Other Than Teachers (AOTTs) working at the pool must undertake training. A prerequisite of the Rescue Course is that staff must hold a current Emergency Aid Certificate. At least 2 members of staff with this qualification should be on poolside. The pool's NOP should be referred to, as un-programmed sessions are often prohibited due to their unpredictable nature. Please note: Lifeguards will only be able to work within the depth for which they are qualified. Programmed activity is defined as: With a formal structure Disciplined Supervised or controlled UNPROGRAMMED SCHOOL SESSIONS IN LEISURE PROVIDER POOLS, OWING TO THEIR UNPREDICTABLE NATURE, SHOULD ONLY TAKE PLACE FOLLOWING A THOROUGH RISK ASSESSMENT. (These are defined as any activities including any non-structured swimming session or 'free play'.) 32

33 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 Schools using leisure provider pools: A Health and Safety talk should be run with every class (pupils and teachers) at every pool on the first lesson of each term and then regularly or when required, to ensure familiarity with the pool alarm and emergency procedures. Schools using their own pools: A Health and Safety talk and drill should be run with every class (pupils and teachers) at every pool on the first lesson of each term and then regularly or when required, to practice an emergency evacuation of the pool and to ensure familiarity with the pool alarm and emergency procedures. If a pupil is absent for the briefing (or new pupil joins the school) they must be given the brief before commencing swimming AfPE recommend, All lifeguards, lifesavers and supporting staff need to: Update their skills in lifesaving and water safety regularly where relevant to their role Practice their previously learned lifesaving skills and, where appropriate, lifeguarding skills regularly Remain diligent and effectively organised throughout a swimming lesson Be aware of the pool operating procedures for the venue they use Be appropriately dressed so they can fulfil the requirements of their role without restriction (AfPE Safe Practice in Physical Education and Sport 2012 Edition) 33

34 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 School Swimming Galas Schools involved in School Swimming Gala s should adhere to both AfPE guidance Risk Management Considerations for Centrally Organised Sports Events Appendix Mand BLT guidance Considerations for those involved in Primary School Swimming Galas Appendix N These documents include guidance on safety aspects in planning and involvement in the event, including risk assessments. Appendix O also contains an example Bucks Swimming Gala Risk Assessment. Swimmers with Disabilities The Equality Act ensures that disabled persons may not be treated less well than any other person. Policies and procedures or physical changes to the environment reasonable adjustments - may need to be put into place to ensure children with disabilities are able to learn to swim. However, there remains the caveat that justifiable actions for the protection of an individual s life or health and safety override the duty to include. Schools may have to consider the following: Pool accessibility (i.e. ramps, hoists and changing facilities) Increased Teacher : Pupil ratio Assistant/helper in the water Emergency evacuations for pupils with disabilities/spinal injuries Please refer to the ASA Guidance for Teaching in the Water Safeguarding, within Appendix J, for guidance for assistants/helpers in the water. The Institute of Swimming offer online learning to support the teaching of swimming activities to children who have severe learning difficulties. 34

35 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 Hydrotherapy Pools Water-based activity in hydrotherapy pools requires higher levels of supervision, often on a one to one basis in the water. These are not deep water pools and so, for Teachers and Physiotherapists, the BLT Shallow Tank Rescue Course is an appropriate qualification for lifeguarding the pool (adapted for hydrotherapy pools) this may include a manual handling element. However, this may need to be reviewed in the Risk Assessment for hydrotherapy pools with variable depths. Adults in the water are only able to supervise the swimmer they are assisting and should not be counted in the supervising ratios.the lifeguarding/pool watching duties must be carried out by qualified people on the side of the pool. Physiotherapists should have completed a course in managing hydrotherapy activities. The Institute of Swimming offer online learning support the teaching of swimming activities to children who have severe learning difficulties. A variety of skills are required stemming from an assessment of each child s individual requirements. For schools with hydrotherapy pools at least two members of staff poolside should have undertaken a minimum of ASA Fundamentals of School Swimming, Staff supporting in the water should work with experience staff. This induction can take place within or between schools. BLT, in conjunction with the Specialist Teaching Service, run a course aimed at supporting those members of staff who support pupils with sensory and physical needs during their school swimming lessons. For more information, contact Ellie Young: eyoung@learningtrust.net. 35

36 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 Swimming Teacher Position The Swimming Teacher in charge of the group should be teaching from the side of the pool where the whole group can be seen and from where feedback can be given on the performance of each pupil in the group. There may be some circumstances in which it is appropriate for the teacher or a classroom assistant to be in the water supporting individual children, (as an additional person). This would be the exception rather than the rule and only following a careful risk assessment, by the Swimming Teacher, of all the potential factors involved (depth of water, pupil ability, and use of flotation aids, size of pool, number and age of pupils, life guarding arrangements). The teacher or member of staff in charge of a group must ensure that at all times they can see all the pupils and NEVER turn their back on a group or position themselves so that pupils are behind them. When teaching or instructing non - swimmers or weak swimmers in underwater swimming or activity the Specialist Swimming Teacher of the group should be positioned on poolside at the point nearest to that activity, but so that they can also see the rest of the class. When an additional person is in the water assisting, they must be aware of the NOP and Appendix J Re: Teaching in the Water and The Handling in the Water. This will not compromise ratios on poolside. If there is glare on the surface of the pool and the bottom of the pool cannot be clearly seen, it may be necessary to rope off the area or cover the window (indoor pool only) letting in the light. It may be that repositioning themselves will allow staff to see the bottom of the pool clearly. If this is still not possible, swimming should cease. Accompanying school staff, who are not involved in teaching swimming should none the less be positioned such that they are able to support the swimming Teacher in the control of children but not so as to be in the way of those working on poolside. Their position must be specified in the NOP. Such staff will be in addition to the ASA Fundamentals of School Swimming qualified members of accompanying school staff, working poolside with the children under the direct supervision of the Swimming Teacher. Care needs to be taken that there are not excessive numbers of adults on the poolside, but that all staff accompanying the children swimming are alert and supportive to the Swimming Teacher. 36

37 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 Swimming Clothing and Equipment Teacher Clothing and Equipment Teachers should change into suitable footwear to be able to move easily around poolside and not bring outdoor dirt onto the pool surround on their feet. They should wear clothes suitable to the humidity and temperatures of the pool and appropriate to the possibility of having to go into the pool to rescue a child. For outdoor pools a peaked hat and polarised sunglasses may be beneficial. If teaching for prolonged periods a suitable sunscreen should be worn bearing in mind the additional reflection of the sun s rays from the water. Teachers should all be equipped with a whistle and familiar with the standard signals used in most pools, to either use their whistle correctly or respond to a whistle communication from someone else. Whistle Drill One short blast Calls for attention of pool users Two short blasts Calls for the attention of a lifeguard or member of staff Three short blasts Indicates a lifeguard taking emergency action N.B. (Schools should refer to their NOP/EAP for communication signals as these vary from pool to pool). Pupils Swimming Attire Pupils should wear appropriate costumes for swimming that conform to safety, cultural and teaching requirements. Swimming hats must be worn and all jewellery removed. Where children may not be able to remove earrings, these must be taped. It is important that swimming clothing is relatively tight fitting so as to minimise the effect of drag that water logged clothing can create. Sensitivity is required to ensure the correct balance when cultural demands require looser fitting garments (working with leisure providers to accommodate needs)and the need to be able to see the movements that limbs and joints are making in the water to ensure appropriate learning. 37

38 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 (See Appendix K Improving Participation of Muslim Girls in Physical Education and School Sport, Shared Practical Guidance from Birmingham Schools, 2008; Chp2 & 3 Changing and Swimming Respectively And also Appendix L - Comment on Meeting the Needs of Muslim Pupils in State Schools: Information and Guidance for Schools, British Muslim Council, 2008, AfPE, Chapter 3, pages 30,31 and 38). Pupils should not be excluded from swimming because of verrucae, as learning to swim is statutory in the National Curriculum and helps prevent death from drowning.over the counter treatments egbazuka provide a layer of protection over the verrucae. Guidance on Goggles Association for Physical Education and ASA Guidance: While swimming goggles may make a child feel comfortable in the pool while they are learning to swim, if they accidentally end up in water it is unlikely they will be wearing them. It is vital that children are comfortable swimming with or without goggles so they don t panic in an unexpected situation. Goggles are not normally recommended for normal swimming lessonsor where swimmers have poor control in the water. The pupil s attention can be compromised by the need to adjust and replace goggles.all pupils must be able to put on and take off goggles safely. The decision to allow swimming goggles during lessons is down to the school s PE Policy and communication with the School Swimming Provider. Pupils with medical eye conditions may need to be allowed to wear goggles. There may be particular situations, such as in hydrotherapy pools where the higher temperature may affect chemical balance and may cause eye irritation but this should be managed through water treatment strategies rather than recourse to goggles. Any deviation from the guidelines should be noted in the risk assessment for the activity. Knowledge about individual children s needs remains critical in determining the wearing of goggles. Parents are responsible for requesting permission that goggles be worn by their children and schools are responsible for collecting and recording such requests. The Swimming Teacher will ultimately decide whether the wearing of goggles is appropriate for the activity being undertaken. Children will be asked to remove their goggles for self-rescue and water based games; e.g. water polo. For some 38

39 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 swimmers where speed and competence increases, there may be a need for pupils to wear goggles, The Swimming Teacher for the group is responsible for determining whether any pupil wearing goggles is using them safely and for a positive purpose. If they are not then the goggles should be removed. Parents should be informed of their responsibility to teach their child to put on and take off goggles in the correct and safe fashion. This should be included in the School s Risk Assessment. An example letter can be found in Appendix G. Choose a pair of goggles with British Standards Institution (BSI) instruction on the package for the correct way to put them on and take them off Child Protection BLT and the school will have their own child protection procedures and so too should the pool. It is important that the pool procedures relate to those of the County Council. A school using a pool, other than their own should establish a protocol identifying the relationship between their respective procedures. The school should assure themselves that the centre has carried out appropriate DBS checksand undertaken any other relevant safeguarding vetting checks and that any staff members working in regulated activity are not barred from working with children. Each school should have a designated person with responsibility for Child Protection, When supervising children changing or assisting them with their swimming, pool and school staff and adults other than teachers should avoid physical contact with children unless it is: Essential to develop a swimming skill or technique To treat an injury To prevent an injury To meet the requirement of the activity (e.g. Lifesaving) To lift or manually support a child with disabilities To assist with a personal care task which the child or young person cannot undertake by themselves 39

40 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 In these circumstances the adult should explain the reason for the physical contact to the child. Unless the situation is an emergency the adult should ask the child for permission. If children have disabilities they and their carers need to be involved in deciding what assistance should be offered and the child should be treated with dignity and respect. School Staff should also refer to their school code of conduct/staff behavioural policy or safe practise document. When manual support is being provided, care must be taken to avoid embarrassment to the teacher or the pupil. Where manual support is provided, other adults and pupils should be in attendance. NCTP Learner Guide. Appendix J contains the ASA Guidance for Teaching in the Water and The Handling of Children. The protocols the ASA suggest include: Ensure there is a system included within the Pool snop/eap whereby the parent or guardian of the pupil gives permission for the teacher to handle the children for the purposes of supporting them in the water or manipulating limbs to convey correct stroke techniques (this could be through the parental swimming permission form) Ensure that any handling of pupils is done within clear sight of other persons Always explain to the pupil that you are now going to hold him/her and why, to avoid embarrassment Swimming Teachers must never support pupils in such a way that their hands cannot be seen by the spectators Never support a pupil by handling the swimmer s torso Only support swimmers by holding their hands, head or feet. Additionally Teachers should NEVER teach or coach a swimmer alone. 40

41 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 Where children sustain an injury and any First Aid is administered the parents/carers should be informed as soon as possible. Details should be recorded and retained by the school. Accidents and incidents which occur should also be recorded by pool staff on their forms for their records and further reported to County via the ANT system. In the event of a child needing to be taken to hospital for treatment, a representative from the school, known to the child, should always accompany the child. If this leaves the school group short of staff at the pool then the school should be informed to seek additional staffing for the group. The parent/carer of the child should be informed as soon as possible. Staff and adults other than teachers should avoid placing themselves at risk by being alone with a child and should ensure that wherever possible there are other responsible persons around and that they are in public view. All persons working with children frequently and / or intensively or who are working in regulated activity must have a relevant DBS Check and that any other relevant safeguarding vetting checks have been undertaken which should be shown with the hire agreement if these are not school or BCC staff. Supervision of Changing Rooms Parents/guardians should be informed of changing arrangements. It is the responsibility of the accompanying school staff to provide appropriate supervision whilst the children are changing. The school s safeguarding policy comes into play here. Only staff of the appropriate gender should enter the changing room, where possible, unless in an emergency. A mixed gender group may use an open plan, single sex changing area if the children are under the age of seven and with agreement from pool management. There should never be a situation where a member of staff is alone with a child. All of the children should remain together in a group. In situations where this is not possible, two members of staff should remain together. Care should be taken in changing rooms to ensure that the appropriate ratios and gender of staff are present to supervise children and that children are safeguarded from members of the public. Discuss solutions with your leisure provider. This may include, for example, pupils using dry side changing facilities; disabled changing areas (where appropriate) or signs on changing room doors requesting members of the public change in cubicles. 41

42 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 Where additional help is required, owing to a child having additional needs, a second adult must be present and both the pupil and parent/carer s consent must be sought. Conditions of Hire to Outside Organisations Pool Operators cannot delegate responsibility or accountability, for what happens in their pools. Therefore, if a school pool is hired to an outside organisation the school will need to ensure that the outside organisation will use the pool in a safe manner. (see Appendix H1) Equally if a school hires a pool from someone else that organisation will need to make sure that the school is supported in the safe use of the pool, including safeguarding of young people and vulnerable adults(see Appendix H3).The mechanism for this is initially the agreement to hire and any conditions of hire imposed by the organisation. Hire conditions will be based on provisions made in the NOP and EAP for the pool. The agreement to hire should be reviewed at regular intervals - whenever dates and times are confirmed these should be recorded in a signed agreement between the two parties. The hirers should also be given an up to date copy of the relevant NOP and EAP for the facility and any special conditions of hire which might apply to their session. A qualified NRASTAC or NPLQ Lifeguard must be present regardless of pool depth. Conditions of hire should include: The name and address of the organisation hiring the pool The name and address of the pool being hired The name of the hirer s representative (the responsible person - first point of contact) and contact details The activity for which the pool is to be hired (to assess the level of risk and safety rules required by session type) The numbers participating and their age and swimming ability (where a school hires a pool for a block involving more than one class with different abilities the form should be ideally completed to show all this information as the teacher ratio s/equipment/area of the pool used may need to be different for different groups) 42

43 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 Specific agreement on the respective responsibilities of the hirer and the pool operator (for instance, number of swimming Teachers and their qualifications; who will provide the lifeguarding; qualifications of lifeguards and the level of life guarding provision to be made, qualifications of First Aiders, child protection issues, staffing levels) Details of who is to be responsible for what in the event of an emergency (normally it is the operator of the pool who is responsible for building related problems and the hirer for emergencies associated with the activities of the group); responsibility for emergency equipment at poolside, e.g. poolside First aid, rescue equipment; responsibility for structural or power failures etc. will remain with the pool operator who will therefore need to have competent staff in attendance during the hire session Any safety advice to be given to swimmers and any specific rules that should be enforced A signature from the hirer that they have received read and understood the copies of the NOP & EAP A protocol for Child Protection Procedures. All persons working with children shall have an up to date DBS and this needs to be shown with the hire agreement Appropriate third party liability insurance Ratios for un-programmed sessions should be different to structured swimming lessons. A qualified NPQL Lifeguard must be present regardless of pool depth. The pools NOP shall be referred to as un-programmed sessions are often prohibited due to their unpredictable nature. In addition young children require close supervision in the water by an adult 4 years and under in a ratio of 1:1 8 years and under in a ratio no more than 2:1. Where schools do not hire pools but use them on a pay for pupil per head basis, schools are recommended to put in place a reverse procedure confirming their use to the pool in writing and asking the pool for details of the NOP & EAP, conditions of hire and respective responsibilities. 43

44 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 Safety Equipment Safety equipment such as poles, throwing ropes or throw bags and first aid provision (including emergency blanket) must be readily available and sufficient in quantity, regularly checked and positioned to be readily available when needed without creating additional hazards to pool users. Special school pools will have different equipment such as tracking hoists, boards and buoys. Reaching poles should be kept at both ends of the pool and should be long enough to reach over half of the width of the pool, location being clearly indicated. (Very large poles can be difficult to manage there may not be enough room to use them effectively, ensure poles can be managed safely). All school pools must be equipped with an effective measure of summoning support in the event of an accident or incident including a backup method, such as land line phone, mobile phones/walkie-talkies (providing strong signals and fully charged). Therefore it is necessary for all schools to complete a thorough risk assessment to find the most appropriate method of raising the alarm for their pool. Pool depths should be marked clearly around the pool and all signs should be compliant with the Health & Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) Regulations In pools with a sudden change in depth, there should be a pool profile on display A pool divider (usually a rope) should be positioned to separate deep and shallow water when non-swimmers are present Consideration needs to be given to pupils with physical disabilities, where a hoist may not be the quickest form of exit in an emergency. Schools may need a spinal board for this purpose. N.B. All pools should be able to be locked off and isolated to prevent unauthorised access when not staffed. Failure to achieve this is a major cause of accidents in school and private pools. 44

45 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 Teaching Lifesaving When teaching lifesaving, only reaching with a pole or similar item and throwing rescues should be taught to children below 8 years of age. Contact rescues should not be taught to children under 13 years of age. Pupils must also be competent, confident and proficient swimmers. (Safe Practice in Physical Education and Sport 2012 Edition) Advice on teaching packs and awards for lifesaving at the appropriate key stages in primary and secondary education is available from the RLSS (such as Rookie Lifeguard), STA, and ASA. Pool Managers School Pool Management Headteachers of schools with pools on their site should attend a BCC Swimming Pool Awareness Course and refresh every 3 years. It is strongly advised that there are 2 persons qualified to run the pool so there is back up in an emergency and absence. Persons designated with responsibility for the management of the operation of the pool should be qualified to manage staff involved in operating the pool and should be authorised to control the use of the pool. BCC can advise on appropriate courses. The monitoring of pool plant operation is included in the annual H&S compliance report to the Director of Children s Services. Advice on pool plant operation is available from BCC (see Contacts). Refer to Part 2, BCC Technical Guidance on The Management of Swimming Pools and Swimming Pool Plant on School Sites. 45

46 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 Pool Plant Operation For school pools The person setting up the safe systems of work in the pool should be trained and aware of both pool plant safety and pool operational safety. These functions and body of knowledge may be split between two persons. It is recommended that schools combine the role of Pool Manager and Pool Plant Operator. Pool plant operators Pool plant operators should be qualified by the Pool Water Treatment Advisory Group (PWTAG) Onsite Designated Operator standard; (PALM Academy Small Pool Operators Certificate, or equivalent); a two day course covering what the plant operator needs to know to keep the pool water reasonably free from the risk of infection spreading, to keep the water clear so that pool users can be seen under the water and to operate a simple school pool plant safely and effectively. This qualification has a three year life and can be re-validated by a one day refresher and updating course. In Public pools Standards should be to the PWTAG Swimming Pool Technical Operator standard, (P.A.L.M. Academy Swimming Pool Technical Operator Certificate, or equivalent) This qualification has a three year life and can be re-validated by a one day refresher and updating course. Schools are not required to satisfy themselves as to the qualifications of those managing the pool and plant at pools where they swim, but if there is any concern with regard to pool safety (including the clarity and quality of the pool water) this should be reported to the manager of the pool. Public pools are normally checked by the Local Environmental Health Officers. Pools in private houses are not generally checked and are only suitable for domestic use by family and friends and should not be used by schools. Refer to Part 2, BCC Technical Guidance on The Management of Swimming Pools and Swimming Pool Plant on School Sites. 46

47 Monitoring Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 The BCC Health & Safety Team commission, on behalf of the school, a competent person to inspect school seasonal pools termly, prior to opening, and hydrotherapy/non-seasonal pools termly (these adhere to NHS/PHE guidelines). Aspects for compliance include training and competence, written safe operating procedures, Risk Assessments, including Cryptosporidium, site safety, signage, chemical safety, flow meter and water testing regime. Where fully compliant with BCC requirements the establishment/setting will be given a written Report confirming that the pool can be used. This may include recommendations for action. An unsatisfactory Report may require a second visit to verify improvements before the pool can be used. To ensure that pools are being operated correctly an agreed water quality monitoring and testing regime is organised using a competent contractor, for example Kingfisher. Microbiological testing is carried out at the following frequencies: 1. Non-seasonal pools every month 2. Seasonal pools every month during the operating season, with the first being taken prior to opening 3. Hydrotherapy pools weekly testing. Pool closures If, following the issue of any Pool Service Report, the establishment/setting is advised to close the pool based on unsatisfactory water chemistry the report must be signed on behalf of the establishment/setting by a senior manager acknowledging the need for closure. The bacteriological samples have to be sent away for analysis; the establishment/setting will be informed immediately of unsatisfactory results by telephone/facsimile/ and of satisfactory results by post. Following closure for any reason it will be the establishment/setting s responsibility to arrange for remedial measures to be taken, for further testing and analysis of the pool water chemistry, by a competent contractor, to obtain satisfactory results before the pool can be put back into use. The Health & Safety Team (see Contacts) must be informed of the results. See Part 2, Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools and Swimming Pool Plant on School Sites, for further information. 47

48 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 Records It is important that adequate records are kept of all tests carried out. Records must be kept for a minimum of 5 years. Routine Maintenance Daily running of the pool and related plant will be the responsibility of the Pool Operators. Support is available to the Pool Operators from Carlton Associates and the County Health and Safety Team (see contacts). These details should be held for routine support and emergency call outs (this service by the PWMC is one that the school has to pay for direct). In view of the large variety of equipment installed for the filtration and chlorination of swimming pools, these notes are intended for general guidance only. Pool Operators should refer to manufacturer s instructions for the specific information relative to their particular plant or, if in doubt, should contact PWMC. Pool Operators should ensure that all safety fittings, such as pool steps, handrails, etc. and also diving boards and other equipment, are secure, in good repair and have non slip surfaces, and that broken or missing grids to water outlets at the bottom of pools are replaced immediately. Pool surrounds (whatever the surface) should be slip resistant, flat and without any trip hazards to prevent injury to bather s feet. Where there are cracked paving slabs these should be replaced immediately. Non School pools Schools are not required to satisfy themselves as to the qualifications of those managing the pool and plant at pools where they swim, but if there is any concern with regard to pool safety (including the clarity and quality of the pool water) this should be reported to the manager of the pool. Public pools are normally checked by the Local Environmental Health Officers. Pools in private houses are not generally checked and are only suitable for domestic use by family and friends and should not be used by schools. 48

49 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 Records Swimming Qualifications Records of all qualifications of those involved in the teaching of swimming must be maintained, kept up to date and available for inspection if required. The person responsible for this is the School Teacher in Charge of School Swimming. These records will be kept in the school swimming folder and will be looked at as part of the Health and Safety Team annual school check. Incidents and Accidents Records of incidents and accidents that occur in the swimming pool or pool area must be maintained and be available for inspection if required. An annual review of these records will assist with the review of the risks associated with school swimming. Educational Visits All swimming activities and venues including hotel pools(uk and abroad)must be identified within the visit planning and itinerary, and lifeguarding arrangements checked in advance. Young people must be supervised by a competent QUALIFIED adult at all times whilst undertaking swimming activities. Swimming Pool (Lifeguarded) LA approval is not required. UK Swimming Pool operators have a duty to take all reasonable and practicable measures to ensure that teaching and coaching activities are conducted safely. It is essential that pools are not used where there is a risk of entrapment or vacuum. Visiting School Staff must be aware of all pool procedures, both normal and emergency(request pool s relevant safety procedures see School Swimming Checklist, Appendix F, which explains roles in an emergency; meeting points etc./relevant aspects from NOP, EAP and Risk Assessments at least one month before your visit) and who at the venue will provide back up. The establishment must be able to provide its own qualified lifeguard, who must meet the employer requirements for qualifications. Arrangements should be made to 49

50 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 ensure sole use of the pool if possible. If other guests increase the number of bathers in the water, it should be established that this remains within ratios agreed. Sufficient supervisory staff must be on poolside to ensure effective supervision of the whole pool. Supervision should be proactive.teachers must work with the lifeguard to supervise the session, actively working together as part of a team safeguarding all the children. This will help ensure that behaviour is appropriate. In a similar manner, significant medical and additional needs should be made known to the pool management and lifeguards. The pool lifeguard should deal with all emergencies occurring in the water. Where the lifeguarding duty is given to an appropriately qualified young person, they should have an induction to the pool, which will include aspects from the NOP/EAP, so they are able to use their qualification effectively. The Visit Leader will still retain overall supervision responsibilities to guarantee appropriate levels of behaviour. Lifeguarding must be the sole activity of the person given that responsibility they should not combine recreational activities with lifeguarding (i.e. they should remain on poolside, being vigilant at all times). For lifeguarded public poolsabroad there must be appropriate lifeguard cover in place prior to participants entering the water. Unless suitably qualified, the school staff should not have responsibility for lifeguarding. However, they do retain a duty of care for participants at all times. For swimming lessons, the visit organiser will verify with the pool, prior to arrival that the Specialist Swimming Teacher or other pool employees/responsible adults supervising the participants, are qualified according to current guidelines. The Hire agreement should document this information. Where swimming takes place as a recreational activity, as part of an educational visit, consider how best to structure the activity to ensure good behaviour and safe practice. 50

51 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 Hotel (and other) swimming pools Establishments must check the lifeguarding position in advance. BCC approval is not required for this activity if qualified lifeguarding is provided at the pool. If lifeguarding arrangementsare not provided at the pool then the Visit LeaderMUST seek advice from the BCC Outdoor Education Adviser. (See further information and advice, Page 58) The following national awards/lifeguarding qualifications apply: For free swimming activity A valid RLSS UK National Pool Lifeguard Qualification (NPLQ),or equivalent in the country visited - see For structured or programmed activity A valid RLSS UK National Pool Lifeguard Qualification (NPLQ),or equivalent in the country visited - see Or A valid RLSS UK National Rescue Award for Swimming Teachers and Coaches (NRASTAC) or equivalent - see (providing the pool Risk Assessment allows this qualification) The role of the Lifeguard is to: Directly supervise the pool and the pool users, exercising appropriate levels of control. (Note: the lifeguard should remain on the poolside at all times except in the case of an emergency) Brief pool users in advance regarding rules (e.g. no diving, running, etc.) Communicate effectively with pool user Anticipate problems and prevent accident Intervene to prevent behaviour which is unsafe 51

52 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 Carry out an emergencyrescue if required Give immediate first aid to any casualty Natural Water Bathing/Open Water Swimming Approval via EVOLVE is required (tick adventurous as a visit type). Natural Water Bathing/Open Water Swimming is defined as swimming or paddling, in river, canal, sea or lake. The following document should also be read in conjunction with the below Group Safety at Water Margins (DfES/CCPR 2005) The RLSS National Water Safety Programme (NWSMP) assists organisations to meet their civil and statutory safety management requirements. Taking children and young people on a visit to the seaside in good weather, and then not allowing them to at least paddle or cool off in the water would seem risk-averse.* Involving children and young people in well organised and supervised swimming or paddling in natural waters can provide a great opportunity to develop their awareness of water safety, choice of swimming area and safe conduct while swimming. This is important because swimming and paddling in natural waters present real risks: around 400 people drown every year. The most effective way to reduce the risk of children and young people drowning is to teach them to swim, giving them the skills to make sound judgements about playing in and around natural waters. Open inland water such as rivers, lakes, reservoirs or canals present additional risks to those of a swimming pool. These include vegetation and other under water obstructions, sudden changes in depth, pollution, slippery rocks and surfaces. Additionally swimming in the sea carries risks which may include low water temperature, strong winds, undertow and tide. Natural water bathing should always be a planned activity, not an impromptu group activity(e.g. because it is hot weather).visit Leaders must use bathing areas that have qualified lifeguard cover.they should be aware that young people might mingle with members of the public and be lost to view. In natural water bathing, young people should always be in sight and within reasonable reach of those supervising them. It is essential that supervisors always know how many young people are in the water and where they are. 52

53 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 The Visit Leader should communicate to all supervisors and participants the arrangements for supervision. It is advisable, if going to a lifeguarded beach, to notify the lifeguards in advance as they may be able to provide extra cover for the group. Paddling in the sea(gentle, shallow water with no intention to swim). *The intention to paddle in the sea must be clearly identified as a significant issue in the Event Specific Plan attached to Evolve and include: A minimum of 2 staff and a ratio of 8:1 participants to staff The ability to account for all participants at all times A person qualified in at least Emergency Aid and competent to carry out CPR. This person may be included in the staffing ratio or be present as an additional person to carry out this responsibility. A person qualified in Level 1 and 2 RLSS NWSMP will be able to meet this expectation (see info on page 56) Thorough knowledge of conditions on the beach An agreed and restricted paddling area taking into account: age, weather and water conditions and safety provision Emergency signals - visual and audible and the need for a whistle and First Aid equipment Mobile phone to contact emergency services if required. For free swimming activity A valid National Beach Lifeguard Qualification (NBLQ) or equivalent in the country visited, see NB this is for beach/sea only, not inland water RLSS UK Water Safety Management Programme (WSMP), Level 3, with appropriate endorsement 53

54 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 For structured or programmed activity A valid RLSS UK Beach Lifeguard qualification or equivalent - see RLSS UK Water Safety Management Programme (WSMP) Level 3, with appropriate endorsement When close to or entering a fast flowing stream or river, a qualified Activity Instructor will require experience and skills in white water safety and lifesaving. ManagingNatural Water Bathing/Open Water Swimming Leaders must: Gain approval via EVOLVE (tick adventurous as a visit type) Clearly identify the activity in the event Specific Plan attached to EVOLVE Know the level of the participants swimming confidence, competence and proficiency Ensure the activity is suitable for the group, especially any with additional needs or disabilities At a beach look out for warning signs and flags: a red flag means it is unsafe to swim; red and yellow flags mean that lifeguards are on patrol in the area between the flags; a black and white flag means it is an area used by surfers and not suitable for swimming ensurequalified lifeguard cover Brief the group about the limits of the bathing area Consider marking the bathing area, for example with a rope or buoys Adopt and explain signals of distress and recall Have clear roles within the supervision plan at least 2 supervisors should always stay out of the water for better surveillance, even though lifeguards are on duty 54

55 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 Carry out regular and frequent head counts Take up a best position from which to exercise a constant vigilance Divide supervision between staff who are in the water and looking landward towards the group, and staff who stay on land and watch the group from that vantage point Give the participants their full, undivided attention Be prepared to act immediately when a participant appears to be in difficulties Be aware that a participant in difficulty may not wave or shout all of their energies could be focussed on trying to keep afloat Follow the advice or directions of an official lifeguard Avoid swimming themselves - unless it is to help a person in distress Avoid joining in with the group s water-based games Ensure that participants leave the water if they are at risk of becoming too cold; especially if toes and fingers look blue or feel numb (this could suggest the onset of hypothermia). The RLSS National Water Safety Management Programme (NWSMP) The NWSMP (RLSS UK Certificated Award) fulfils the water safety training needs of schools on educational needs reflecting the range of activities that take place in and around the water s edge. Starting with Level 1 Water Safety Awareness Module, candidates can progress to a range of environmental specific modules which cover hazards associated with still water, river and beach environments as well as basic rescue techniques for anyone requiring more advanced rescue skills. The in-water rescue module covers essential in-water rescue knowledge and tests competency. The life support element can be added to make a truly comprehensive programme. School staff are encouraged to develop their skills and competence through undertaking appropriate training in the relevant modules. (WSMP

56 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 Level 1: Water Safety Awareness Module For those working or supervising near water, who do not have a definite intention to get into the water; e.g. a school teacher on a field trip. Level 2: Environment Specific Modules (River, Still Water and Beach) For those who have a greater likelihood of getting closer to or in the water, but with a definite intention to stay within standing depth. Level 3: In Water Rescue Module For those with people under their supervision who might be swimming out of their depth, e.g. Outdoor Pursuit Instructor leading a deep water activity session. References Whitlam, P (AfPE s Health and Safety Project Manager), Safe Practice in Physical Education and Sport. 8th ed. 2012: Association for Physical Education (); ISBN: (Appendices on accompanying CD); Aquatic Activities 5.2 All schools with their own pools should have a copy of HSG 179 Managing Health and Safety in Swimming Pools 3rd Edition, 2003, which they can purchase from the Health and Safety Executive (HSE), or also available to download free from: Amateur Swimming Association (ASA) NCTP Learner Guide Swimming Teachers Association (STA) Institute of Swimming (IOS) on line training Royal Life Saving Society (RLSS) UK 56

57 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 Improving Physical Education of Muslim Girls in Physical Education and School Sport, Shared Practice Guidance from Birmingham Schools, 2008 Buckinghamshire Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy September 2012 Other Useful Websites: Chartered Institute for The Management of Sport and Physical Activity (CIMSPA) Marine and Coastguard Agency (MCA) Royal Life Saving Society (RLSS) UK- Tel Government Safety Advice on Watersports and Coastal Activities epingsafeatthecoast/dg_

58 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 For further information and advice: Specialist and web addresses Mandy Carey BLT Education Excellence Adviser - Swimming ASA Licenced Tutor agcarey@learningtrust.net Ellie Young BLT Business Support - Swimming eyoung@learningtrust.net Ali Arber BLT Education Excellence Adviser - PE aarber@learningtrust.net BCC Health & Safety hrservicedesk@buckscc.gov.uk Robert Williams Outdoor Education Adviser rwilliams@buckscc.gov.uk BCC Property Consultancy Advice on Pool Plant, Alarms, Summer & winterisation Helpline Biological Monitoring Kingfisher Environmental Info@kingfisher-es.co.uk

59 Buckinghamshire Learning Trust in Association with Bucks County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Revised Edition October 2015 Mike Shuff Director Training Pool Plant Management Carlton Associates Susan Barlow ASA Programme Manager Youth & Community Herts Handling Manual Handling Training for pupils with disabilities Appendices NB: Appendices marked (1) relate particularly to Part 1: Bucks Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy Appendices marked (2) relate particularly to Part 2: Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools and Swimming Pool Plant on School Sites Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C Model Risk Assessment to a Public Pool(1) Model Risk Assessment for Indoor School Pools (1/2) Model Risk Assessment for Outdoor School Pools (1/2) Appendix D Model Normal Operating Procedure (NOP) (1/2) Appendix E Model Emergency Action Plan (EAP) (1/2) Appendix F School Swimming Checklist (1) Appendix G Example Goggles letter from school to parents (1) Appendix H1 Condition of Hire of School Pools (1/2) Appendix H2 Application for Hire for School Pools (1/2) Appendix H3 Additional Requirements for Hire by Vulnerable Groups (1/2) Page 59

60 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 Appendix I Governor Checklist (1/2) Appendix I2 Governor Checklist Glossary of Terms (1/2) Appendix J ASA Guidance on Teaching in the Water and The Handling of Children (1) Appendix K Improving Participation of Muslim Girls in Physical Education and School Sport; Shared Practical Guidance from Birmingham Schools 2008; Changing and Swimming respectively(1) Appendix L Comment on Meeting the Needs of Muslim Pupils in State Schools: Information and Guidance for Schools, AfPE(1) Appendix M Risk Management Considerations for Centrally Organised Events (1) Appendix N Considerations for those Involved in Primary School Swimming Galas (1) Appendix O Example Swimming Gala Risk Assessment (1) Appendix P Model Chemical Spillage Procedure (2) Appendix Q Pool Water Log Sheet (2) Appendix R Model Operating Instructions for a Trichlorinator (2) Appendix S Health Protection Agency Pool Investigation Checklist (2) Appendix T Induction Training Grid for Public and School Pools(2) Appendix U Pre-commissioning and Decommissioning of Seasonal Pools (2) Appendix V Swimming Pool Contractors and Swimming Pool Suppliers (2) Appendix W Waterborne Infections (1) Appendix X Generic Cryptosporidium Risk Assessment 1 of 55

61 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools and Swimming Pool Plant on School Sites CONTENTS 1.0 MANAGEMENT OF SCHOOL SWIMMING POOLS 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Responsibilities for the Health and Safety of Swimming Pools in Schools The Headteacher The Pool Plant Operator/The Pool Carer Training for Pool plant Operators/Pool Carer s Upgrading School Swimming Pools and Swimming Pool Plant 2.0 THE SWIMMING POOL 2.1 The Swimming Pool Hall Lighting Requirements General Lighting Emergency Lighting Specialised Lighting in Hydrotherapy Pools Fire Safety Fire Risk Assessment Fire Exit Signs Fire Alarm Call Points Heat and Smoke Detection Environmental Conditions Ventilation Temperature and Humidity 2.2 The Swimming Pool Surroundings The Pool Structure 2 of 55

62 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 Walls Glazing Ceilings Floor and Finishes Drainage Gullies Steps Heaters/Radiators/Guarding The Pool Surround (Outdoor Seasonal Pools) Emergency Equipment and other Equipment Pool Emergency Alarm Swimming Pool First Aid Kits Storage of Pool Equipment Pool Signage Signage on Outside of Pool Compound Signage Inside of Pool Hall or Pool Compound Depth Signs Pool Profiles Maximum Bather Load Security Pool Security Security Fencing and Gates (Outdoor Seasonal Pools) Showers Disinfecting of Shower Heads Pool Thermal Insulation Covers Pool Covers Selection of Pools Covers Exceptional Weather Conditions Heat Waves and Exceptionally High Temperatures Adverse Weather Procedures (Outdoor Pools and Covered Pools with No Artificial Light) Showers Shower Head Disinfection 2.3 The Swimming Pool 3 of 55

63 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept The Swimming Pool Tank The Pool Tank Depth Pool Tank Edges Pool Tank Details Pool Tank Bottom Accessing and Exiting the Pool Access to Pool Tank Pool Steps and Ladders Moveable Floors Pool Hoists Design of Ramps Swimming Pool Inlets and Outlets Swimming Pool Inlet and Outlet Safety Pool Inlets Size of the Aperture of Outlets Grills Prevention of Vacuum Entrapment Outlet design and Installation Supervision of Pool Users Skimmers Keeping the Swimming Pool Clean Pool Cleaning Pool Cleaning Brushes Pool Vacuums Pool Nets Cloudy Pool Procedure (All Pools) Emergency Equipment Rescue Poles Thermal Blankets for Emergencies Hydrotherapy Pools Disinfection Bromine Itch Maintaining Good Water Quality Filtration Balance Tanks Pollution from Bathers 4 of 55

64 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 Different Types of Pollution Pre-Swim Hygiene Showers Footbath Toilet Babies Faecal Fouling Diarrhoeal Fouling Biological Monitoring Occupational Health of Hydrotherapists. 3 THE POOL PLANT ROOM AND POOL PLANT 3.1 The Pool Plant Room Security Ventilation Gas Boilers Gas Leaks Servicing and Maintenance of Electric Heaters Cold Weather Protection Electricity supply, Electric Switchgear, Electric Motors and Electric Pumps Portable Electrical Equipment 3.2 The Pool Filters The Filter Medium Checking the Filter Medium Changing the Filter Medium Backwashing the Filter When to Backwash 3.3 The Circulation Pump and Strainer Basket The Circulation pump The Strainer Basket Disinfection with Ultra Violet Light 3.4 Plant Room Pipework Circulation Pipework Dosing Tubes 3.5 Valves Multiport valves 5 of 55

65 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 Single Valves 3.6 Chemical Dosing Machines and Probes BiolabUK/Bayrol Topline Amperometric and Redox Probes 3.7 Equipment for Dosing Pool Chemicals Day Tanks and Bunds Refilling Day Tanks Safely Cleaning out Bunds Labelling of Day Tanks and Bunds Separation of Day Tanks Dosing Pumps Dosing Tubes 3.8 Erosion Feeders Trichlorinators Recharging the Trichlorinator Discharging the Trichlorinator Maintenance of the Trichlorinater Brominators Recharging the Brominator Discharging the Brominator Maintenance of the Brominatosd 3.9 Swimming Pool Chemicals Purchase and Delivery of Chemicals Labelling of Containers of Pool Chemicals Technical Data Sheets (TDS) Safety Data Sheets (SDS) COSHH Assessments 3.10 Chemical Storage Security Signage on the Door of the Chemical Store Separation of Chemicals 3.11 Safety Equipment 6 of 55

66 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 Fire and Fire Evacuation First Aid Eyewash Station 3.12 Spillage of Chemicals Spill Kit Spillage Procedure Disposal of Spillages 3.13 Personal Protective Equipment Equipment Type 3.14 Pool Water Chemicals/Parameters/Pool Water testing Pools using Chlorine Disinfection Pools using Bromine Disinfection Langelier balanced Water Test 3.15 Pool Water Test Equipment Types of Pool Water Test Equipment Photometers Comparators (Backwash Records) Contamination records Pool Water Temperatures 3.16 Record Keeping Backwash records Contamination records Pool Water Temperatures 7 of 55

67 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept MANAGEMENT OF SCHOOL SWIMMING POOLS 1.1 INTRODUCTION This technical guidance is provided to help schools to manage their swimming pools safely. All County Council schools (Community and Voluntary Controlled Schools) should comply with the Technical Guidance. Foundation, Voluntary Aided Schools and Academies are advised to follow the policy and guidance which is based on National Standards. 1.2 RESPONSIBILITIES FOR HEALTH AND SAFETY The Headteacher The Headteacher is responsible for ensuring the safe management of the swimming pool and pool plant and for monitoring that the swimming pool is being run in accordance with the County Council requirements and that safe working practices are complied with. Headteachers should: Attend a Swimming Pool Awareness for Headteachers Course and update it every three years; Ensure that the staff managing the pool have attended either the Institute for the Management of Sport and Physical Activity (IMSPA) formerly known as the Institute of Sport and Recreational Management (ISRM) National Pool Plant Operators Certificate or Pool Carers Certificate as appropriate; Ensure that sufficient staff ( at least two) have been trained to run the pool so there is not undue reliance on one person and to reduce the risk of the pool having to be taken out of use because there are insufficient qualified staff to run it; Ensure that a risk assessment, Normal Operating Procedure (NOP) and Emergency Action Plan(EAP) have been completed for the pool and that it has been reviewed annually, by the end of March each year, and has been signed and dated to that effect by the Headteacher and Chairman of Governing Body; Ensure that a Hire Agreement has been completed with each of the hirers of the pool and signed and dated by the hirer and a representative of the school; Ensure that all hirers have been supplied with a copy of the Swimming Pool Risk Assessment, Normal Operating Procedure (NOP) and 8 of 55

68 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 Emergency Action Plan (EAP) and have adapted the NOP and EAP to their own circumstances as necessary.; Ensure that the swimming pool is regularly formally inspected by a competent specialist contractor and ensure that the programme of Planned Preventative Maintenance of the Swimming Pool is completed annually by a competent contractor and that records of all maintenance undertaken and any modification to the pool plant are kept readily available on site; Ensure that an annual electrical test is carried out on the electrical supply to the pool and on electrically powered pool plant be a competent NICEIC registered electrician and that a record of the date of this test is kept; Ensuring that all swimming pool documentation, Including maintenance records, is readily accessible to persons running the pool and also to visiting auditors, contractors, health and safety advisors etc.; Ensuring that there are fast and effective means of summoning the emergency services if an emergency occurs. Ensure that a generic risk assessment for Cryptosporidium (Appendix D) is completed so that it reflects the current control measures for the pool and any further action needed to be taken. Refer to Appendix H for further information on Cryptosporidium. Ensure that the Technical guidance on faecal fouling from PWTAG is followed Ensure all hirers and pool plant operatives understand the procedures if faecal contamination occurs. Ensure each instance of faecal contamination is recorded. Ensure the number of bathers is recorded and the records available when the pool is inspected. Ensure all bathers are made aware of the restrictions to swimming by improving signage if necessary and adding information to hiring agreements and newsletters to parents. Recommended signage If you currently have or have had diarrhoea in the last 48 hours or have been diagnosed with or think you have had Cryptosporidiosis within the last two weeks you are not permitted to enter the pool. 9 of 55

69 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 The Pool Plant Operator/Pool Carer The Pool Plant Operator/Pool Carer is responsible for: Attending the appropriate swimming pool operators training courses and other relevant courses as described in this document and managing the pool in accordance with the training given. Ensuring that the pool and pool plant is kept secure when it is not in use; Monitoring and refilling the pool dosing equipment as necessary following an assessment of the risks and wearing any personal protective equipment and clothing deemed necessary as a result of the assessment.; Ensuring that the pool water testing regime is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the normal operating procedures; Taking the pool out of use whenever he/she has reason to believe it is not safe to use it; Ensuring that the swimming pool risk assessment, normal operating procedure and emergency action plan and where appropriate hire agreements are implemented and the copies of them are familiar to pool users; Ensuring that the annual programme of planned preventative maintenance is carried out on the pool and plant and that records of this are kept; Liaising with the contractors carrying out the pool and plant maintenance and ensuring that they provide the necessary records and documentary evidence of work carried out and the date it was completed; Ensuring that the pool and pool plant operating instructions are readily available at point of use and are protected from water damage and are kept tidy and readily accessible when required; Ensuring that the daily chemical test procedure is carried out as described in the pool s normal operating procedure and that records of this are made and kept readily available for inspection by the swimming pool auditor. The records should be retained on file for three years; Ensuring that the procedures for faecal fouling are followed and recorded; Ensure the risk assessment for Cryptosporidium is amended and reviewed regularly; 10 of 55

70 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 Ensuring that materials safety data sheets and COSHH assessment are available at point of use and there instructions are followed; Ensuring that personal protective equipment and respiratory protective equipment is correctly worn when required by the risk assessment; Ensuring that personal protective equipment is regularly inspected and maintained and appropriately stored and replaced when necessary; Ensuring that the pool filters are regularly backwashed in accordance with the training given and that the records of backwashing of the filters are kept on file for three years; Ensuring that the means of summoning help in emergency is operational and that they know how to operate it and how to put into effect the emergency action plan. Training for Pool Plant Operators and Pool Carers The Pool Plant Operator(s)/Pool Carer is responsible for the day to day running of the school pool and pool plant in accordance with the training given in the certificated training courses described below: Pool Plant Operators running indoor pools that are open all year should complete the three day ISRM National Pool Plant Operators Certificate and a one day refresher course every three years. Pool Carers running a seasonal learner pool which is open less than six months of the year should complete the two day pool carer s certificate and a one day refresher course every three years. All persons running swimming pools should also have received relevant COSHH and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) training such as that run by the County Council Annual Visit by the Swimming Pool Auditor The swimming pool auditor will visit each pool once annually when it is operating and check that the necessary management systems, pool documentation, risk assessments and pool record keeping are in place. He will produce a report following his visit detailing any further action required. A copy will be sent to the Headteacher or the Manager of the Centre a second copy will be sent to the Health and Safety Team. A Health and Safety Adviser will visit and follow up and serious shortcomings. These actions should be implemented as soon as possible after receiving the report. If there are any problems implementing the report the Health and Safety Team should be notified. 11 of 55

71 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 Schools which are open all year may wish to request a termly visit from the auditor to check that high standards of operation are maintained throughout the year. Schools which open their pools from April to October may wish to request two visits from the auditor during the year. PLEASE NOTE: IT IS VERY IMPORTANT THAT UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES SHOULD AN UNTRAINED PERSON RUN A SCHOOL SWIMMING POOL. Upgrading Swimming Pools and Swimming Pool Plant Some school pools were installed a considerable time ago when safety and hygiene requirements were less stringent. School pools are usually much more heavily used than domestic pools and for that reason the standard of the pool, plant and equipment needs to be higher and more robust than that of a domestic pool to enable it to cope adequately with the heavier bather loads. If the pool plant is not adequate this can markedly restrict the use of the pool. All school pools should therefore aim for standards of plant as close as possible to those required in a commercial pool. To do this effectively it is important to appoint a competent contractor who has experience of building commercial rather than domestic pools and who knows how to carry out the work safely. It is especially important that if an outdoor pool is converted to a covered or indoor pool enabling it to be used for a substantially greater part of the year, or all year round, that the pool plant is upgraded at the same time to cope with the greatly increased bather load. If this is not done the use of the pool can be severely limited because it cannot handle the additional bather load. 2.0 THE SWIMMING POOL 2.1 THE SWIMMING POOL HALL Lighting Requirements General Lighting The lighting in the pool hall must be suitable and sufficient and must be resistant to the damp and potentially corrosive atmosphere of a pool hall. For 12 of 55

72 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 further information see the Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 and also the HSE Publication Lighting at Work. To ensure that a good standard of lighting is maintained artificial lighting must be maintained in good working order and the lighting units need to be kept clean. Illumination levels should be checked annually to ensure that there is no deterioration in lighting levels. The view of the bottom of the pool must not be impaired by poor lighting. Emergency Lighting Automatic emergency lighting, powered by an independent source should be provided in areas where sudden light loss, for example, during a power failure, could create a risk, for example indoor pools. This should enable safe evacuation if the main lighting fails in an emergency. Emergency lighting should be regularly tested and maintained in accordance with the County Council s procedures which can be found in the Buckinghamshire Health and Safety Policies and Procedures: Section 3.3: Fire Safety. Specialised Lighting Equipment in Hydrotherapy Pools Some hydrotherapy pools have specialised lighting equipment similar to stage lighting sited over the pool. As they are being used in a damp and corrosive atmosphere regular inspection by a competent electrician is very important. They should be electrically checked annually by a NICEIC Registered Electrical Engineer approved by the County Council. For further information on electrical safety see Buckinghamshire Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Section 10.3: Electricity at Work Fire Safety Fire Risk Assessment The swimming pool area particularly the associated swimming pool plant room and pool chemical storage facility should be included in the school s fire risk assessment. For further information on fire safety issues see Buckinghamshire Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Section 3.3 Fire Safety in County Council Establishments. Fire Exit Signs Fire and emergency exits should be clearly signed with signs complying with the Safety Signs and Signals Regulations. 13 of 55

73 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 If the pool hall is used when it is dark then illuminated emergency exit signs should be provided. These will also need regular testing and record of tests should be kept. Fire Alarm Call Points These should be clearly signed and be regularly tested as part of the school s weekly fire alarm testing procedure and a record of this should be kept in the school s fire log. Heat and Smoke Detection If heat or smoke detection is provided in indoor pools and plant rooms it must be regularly tested and maintained and records of the tests should be kept in the school s fire log Environmental Conditions Ventilation Adequate ventilation should be maintained at all times in indoor pools throughout the pool area in-order to clear gases which are by-products of the pool disinfection system and also provide a comfortable environment for swimmers. This can be achieved by opening windows or, if needed, by the use of mechanical ventilation or air conditioning systems. If the failure of the ventilation or air conditioning system could cause a risk to health and safety then an audible or visual warning of the failure of the ventilation system should be provided. Care needs to be taken if any air recirculation system is used that contaminants are not re-circulated thereby increasing overall contamination levels in the pool hall. If forced ventilation or air conditioning or air management systems are fitted they must be maintained in accordance with the manufacturer s instructions by a competent engineer. Records of inspection and maintenance should be kept on file. In hot weather good ventilation is especially important to maintain the pool area at a comfortable temperature. Temperature and Humidity A thermometer (preferably maximum and minimum) and humidity meter should be located in the pool hall so that temperature and humidity can be regularly be monitored. 2.2 THE SWIMMING POOL SURROUNDINGS 14 of 55

74 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept The Pool Structure Walls Wall finishes to pool circulation areas should be smooth up to a height of 2 metres minimum so as not to present a hazard to bathers as they circulate around the pool and to facilitate cleaning. Any projecting piers or columns should be provided with a rounded or bull nosed edge. Glazing Glazing including windows in transparent or translucent surfaces in walls, partitions, light fittings, should be made of safety material or be protected against breakages. Any glazing used in the pool area must be to the appropriate specification so that it can withstand body impact (BS 6262: Part ) if the pool is used for water polo windows will need protection against ball impact by using impactresistant toughened glass or polycarbonate sheeting or netting. Ceilings The design and construction of ceilings and the roof deck over wet areas should take into account the need to avoid condensation which may affect the structural integrity of the roof itself. Suspended ceilings should be avoided whenever possible but if they are essential they should be designed in such a way that allows routine inspection of the ceiling void, internal roof structure and light fittings. Floors and Finishes Slip and trip hazards can be minimised by good design. Factors such as surface roughness, moisture displacement the profile and surface pattern of the finish and foot grip all affect slip resistance. The slip resistance of any given surface will diminish if the gradient becomes steeper than 1 in 30 or less than 1 in 60 because such a shallow gradient is not sufficient to ensure that the water drains away. Where falls outside the recommended range have to be specified finishes should have a particularly high slip resistance. Floor finishes with different slip resistances should not normally be specified in the same area as a change in surface can increase the risk of slipping or tripping. 15 of 55

75 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 The normal recommended range for the fall in wet areas is between 1 in 35 and 1 in 60, when combined with a slip resistant finish such as 25 stud ceramic tile should create a satisfactory surface Floors should be cleaned at least once daily when the pool is in use. Drainage Gullies Floor gullies, gutters and valleys should not create a tripping hazard and the drainage outlet should have no sharp edges. They should also be easy to maintain and clean and should be cleaned and maintained regularly so that they function efficiently. Steps Steps should be in sound condition, clearly visible and should be kept clean. Nosings of steps should be in sound condition and clearly visible. Any flights of steps should be provided with a handrail(s) in accordance with the requirements of the Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations. Heaters/Radiators/Guarding All heaters which are situated in locations where bathers may come into contact with them must be adequately guarded to prevent burns. The Pool Surround (Outdoor Seasonal Pools) Pool surrounds for external pools often consist of paving slabs. It is important that these are kept in good condition and free of trip hazards which may injure feet. Cracked or broken slabs should be replaced. Any weeds growing in cracks or around the edges of the slabs should be removed. Slabs should be adequately pointed to reduce weed growth in the cracks. Any steps should be highlighted and provided with a hand rail. The area should be swept and cleaned regularly. The fence and gate should be maintained in a sound condition free of rot, holes, protrusion and splinters Emergency Equipment and other Equipment Pool Emergency Alarm A pool alarm linked to an occupied area such as the school office and staff room where there is a manned land line telephone available should be available in the pool hall or pool compound for use in emergency if there is no land line telephone there. This will usually take the form of at red push button on a yellow ochre background. A button for activating the alarm should be provided on each side of the pool and should be clearly signed to indicate it is the pool alarm for use in an emergency. 16 of 55

76 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 It should be checked daily before the pool is used and a record of the checks kept. It will also need to be checked and serviced annually by a competent engineer. The alarm must sound at a staffed location and staff at that location must know what to do when the alarm sounds. More than one sounder may be required for example in schools office, staff room, Headteacher s office etc. A set of instructions should be prominently located by the alarm sounder indicating the action required.. A fully charged mobile phone with a strong signal and/or two way radios should be kept available as backup. Swimming Pool First Aid Kits A large first aid box containing sufficient first aid equipment for the maximum number of people who are likely to use the pool at one time must be provided in the pool hall. This will usually be a first aid box for 25 or 50 people. It should be located in a prominent position and its location should be clearly signed so that it is readily obtainable in an emergency. The contents of the first aid box should be regularly checked and equipment will need to be replaced when it is out of date. This could be carried out as part of the school s regular check of first aid boxes. For further information see Buckinghamshire Health and Safety Policies and Procedures section 8.5 First Aid at Work. Storage of Pool Equipment Any equipment stored on the poolside can be potentially hazardous. There should be adequate storage accommodation provided for equipment so it is kept together and does not obstruct the pool surround creating a tripping hazard for bathers and staff. Large plastic boxes with lids are suitable for storing these items. Equipment and storage boxes should be kept clean Pool Signage Signage on Outside of Pool Compound Fence (Outdoor Pools) A No Unauthorised Access sign should be displayed on the gate of the pool compound and Danger Deep Water signs should be displayed at prominent points on the perimeter fence and gate. Signage within the Pool Hall or the Pool Compound 17 of 55

77 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 The following signage complying with the Safety Signs and Signals Regulations should be displayed in the pool compound on both sides of the pool. All signs should be large enough to be clearly visible form all areas of the pool compound. No running; No diving; No bombing. Depth Signs If the pool is of uniform depth then the depth sign(s) should indicate that depth. There should be a depth sign located on each side of the pool. The signs must be large enough to be clearly visible from all areas of the pool. If the depth varies then the deep and shallow end and their respective depths should be clearly signed on each side of the pool. Signs must be large enough to be clearly visible from all areas of the pool compound. Depth signs should also be located at regular intervals along the length of the pool indicating the depth at that point. Pool Profiles In larger (25 metre) pools where there is a sudden change in depth a pool profile should be displayed on the wall. It should be large enough to be visible from all parts of the pool. The points where the depth changes suddenly should also be indicated at the side of the pool. Depth signs should be placed at regular intervals along the pool side indicating the depth at those points. Maximum Bather Load Signs indicating the maximum bather load of the pool should be displayed where they are clearly visible on each side of the pool Security Issues Pool Security The pool area must be kept secure to prevent unauthorised access and unauthorised use of the pool. Keys should only be issued to authorised persons with a spare kept in the school s key safe in case of emergency. A list of authorised key holders should be maintained. Security, Fencing and Gates (Outdoor Seasonal Pools) All outdoor pools must be provided with a perimeter fence and lockable gate. Fencing and gates to outdoor pools should be in sound condition and without holes, sharp edges or splinters. Fencing and gates should be at least of 55

78 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 metres high. The gate should be fastened with a substantial padlock and a list of key holders should be kept. If security is a particular problem, consideration might be given to providing a higher metal paling fence again with lockable gate. Pool alarms and CCTV can also provide an additional deterrent to trespassers and vandals Showers Disinfection of Shower Heads As shower heads may present a risk of Legionella they must be cleaned in accordance with the HSE Code of Practice L8 "Legionnaires' disease: The control of Legionella bacteria in water systems" and the Buckinghamshire County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures: Section 4.4 Legionella Policy and Procedures. They will require descaling and disinfecting every three months with the appropriate substances. Records of descaling and disinfection should be kept in the schools Legionella Log Pool Covers Pool Thermal Insulation Covers Most outdoor pools are fitted with covers which are usually housed on a roller at one end of the pool. Their primary function is to retain heat and limit evaporation. There are several types of cover used on outdoor pools: Bubble covers which also warm the pool; Thermal covers which just insulate; Slatted covers which may also warm the pool and are stored in a pit; One piece sealed covers which run on tracks and are designed to keep children and debris out of the pool. The danger of unauthorised access and drowning must be considered. Flexible pool covers increase the risk because they may trap an intruder under water. It is therefore important the pool compound is securely fenced and gated and that if trespassing is a problem provision of a pool intruder alarm and CCTV should be considered. The underside of pool covers must be checked regularly for microbiological contamination and both sides should be checked for algal growth. The cover 19 of 55

79 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 should be thoroughly cleaned when necessary in accordance with the manufacturer s recommendations. Flexible plastic covers can support microbial growth and become covered in biofilm in turn can support the growth of bacteria which cause skin and respiratory infections. One of the bacterial colonisers is pseudomonas aeruginosa which is an indicator of pool water quality and a potential pathogen that causes a variety of ear and eye infections. Repeated failures of routine pool water tests can be caused by continual re-infection of the pool by the biofilm on the cover. Covers that are in good condition and that are regularly cleaned are not generally a problem. Old covers that have started to deteriorate and those that have not been well maintained are more prone to colonisation by bacteria. Non-metallic materials that come into contact with potable water have to comply with BS 6920 which includes a test for their ability to support microbial growth. Materials used for the construction of systems that may present a risk of causing legionnaires disease should also comply with BS Selection of Pool Covers When selecting a pool cover make sure that both ends are reinforced so that one end can be effectively secured to the roller and the other is protected when being pulled over the water surface. The provision of eyelets approximately every 600 mm in the leading edge of the cover makes it easier to fit pulling cords or ropes to aid pulling the cover across the water. After any shock dosing using a sanitising agent leave the cover off the surface of the pool for approximately 2-3 hours to allow the relatively high concentration of the sanitising agent to fall off. It is important that the solar cover is not left on the pool in the winter months underneath the winter cover. At the end of each swimming season wash the pool cover down with fresh mains water and leave to dry thoroughly. Pack away the solar cover in a cool dry area preferably in a robust container that is rodent proof. Where there are pool ladders which cannot be moved out of the way when the solar covers are deployed arrange for cut outs to accommodate the ladders to be provided when the cover is manufactured Exceptional Weather Conditions Heat Waves and Exceptionally High Temperatures 20 of 55

80 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 In hot weather covered swimming pools may become exceptionally hot with temperatures reaching as high as 40 C. Ultra violet light can penetrate the pool cover and care needs to be taken to protect pool users against heatstroke and sunburn. Similarly with outdoor pools care needs to be taken to avoid excessive exposure of the sun. The provision of sunshades, wearing of appropriate clothing to provide protection from the sun is important. Arranging lessons in the cooler parts of the day should also be considered in exceptionally hot weather. In covered pools a thermometer (preferably a maximum and minimum thermometer) should be kept in the pool area so that the temperature can be monitored. It is important to provide shaded areas in the pool area to protect people from excess sun. Picnic umbrellas can be useful for providing extra shading. Further information about protection from excessive sunlight can be found in the Buckinghamshire Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Section 8.7. Working Outdoors in the Sun. Adverse Weather Procedures (Outdoor Pools and Covered Pools with no Artificial Lighting) Weather conditions can change very rapidly even in the summer months. A check of the local weather forecast should be made daily prior to the use the pool. Particular care needs to be taken if thunderstorms are likely as these can produce conditions that could make it difficult to see the bottom of the pool. Children may find thunder very frightening so care needs to be taken to avoid panic. Particular care needs to be taken when evacuating the pool in an emergency that everyone is accounted for and that the pool is visually checked to ensure that everyone is out of it. A roll call should be taken to check this. A written procedure clearly stating when the pool should be evacuated in poor light or adverse weather should be clearly displayed in the pool compound. This should be framed or laminated to protect it from water damage. 2.2 THE SWIMMING POOL THE SWIMMING POOL TANK Pool Tank Depth There are a number of important safety features listed below which apply to pool tanks: Abrupt changes in depth should be avoided in water less than 1.5 metres in depth; 20 of 55

81 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 Steep gradients should be avoided. A maximum gradient of 1 in 15 is recommended for water depths up to 1.5 metres; Changes in depth should be clearly indentified by the use of colourcontrasted materials or patterned finishes so as to indicate to bathers when they are moving into water of a different depth. Where colour is used it must not obscure the visibility of a body lying on the pool bottom; A minimum depth of water of 1 metre is recommended for larger pools used for training or competition for small seasonal pools a minimum depth 900 mm is recommended. Pool Tank Edges The pool tank edge should be colour contrasted with the pool so it is clearly visible to bathers in the water and bathers on the pool surround. This is especially important for deck level pools where the pool edge may be partially submerged. Pool Tank Details It is recommended that the pool tank should: Have no sharp edges or projections that could cause injury to bathers. This particularly important below the waterline. The location and design of recesses, ledges or rails should be carefully considered so they are not a hazard; Sumps, inlets and outlets of the pool water circulation system must have suitable protective covers or grilles. These must be designed to prevent limbs and fingers getting trapped. There must not be excessive suction from pool outlets which could result in vacuum trapping, persons being held against a grille by the force of the water flowing through it or by hair entanglement, a person s hair being trapped in grille caused by the vortex produced as water flows through it. Where there is only one outlet a vacuum and hair entrapment test must have been carried out and documentary evidence of this should be retained by the school in the swimming pool file; Usually there should be at least two outlets on each suction line at a sufficient distance apart to prevent a body being drawn or trapped by two suction line outlets. The amount of suction produced at any single outlet position should not be sufficient to result in the body being drawn 21 of 55

82 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 towards it or to entangle hair. Anti-vortex grilles should be fitted to all pool outlets; Where there is a single outlet only on one suction line, anti vortex grilles must be fitted and the water velocity should be less than 0.5 m/s. An entanglement test must be carried out on the grille by a competent person. This can be arranged through the Institute for the Management of Sport and Physical Activity, IMSPA (formerly ISRM); When funds allow the pool circulation system should be upgraded so that there are at least two outlets on each suction line. This can also provide an opportunity to upgrade pool filtration and pool circulation times. Pool Tank Bottom A slip resistant and non-abrasive finish should be provided on the end walls of the pool as a turning pad to aid tumble turns or for backstroke If racing lines are not included then a line running a long the centre of the pool will assist bathers to determined sudden changes in depth. The ability to see the bottom of the pool clearly is essential for lifeguards. Pool floor patterns which make it difficult to see a body at the bottom of the pool should not be used ACCESSING AND EXITING THE POOL Access to the Pool Tank Access to swimming pools is usually provided by built in steps or ladders. This may be determined by the type of pool. These must provide safe easy and safe entry to and exit from the pool. Entry steps and ladders should not interfere with the use of the pool and should be positioned so as not to disrupt or endanger the swimmers. Access to and exit from pools will usually be provided by a ladder at each end of the pools tank or in some cases for learner pools a set of steps at the side of the pool. Pool Steps and Ladders Handrails, steps and ladders providing access to the pool: 22 of 55

83 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 Must be of sufficient strength and firmly fixed to the surround and tank walls Should be provided to ensure that finger, limb and head traps are not created, either between the treads or the tank walls, or between the grab rails and tank walls; Steps should be provided with the likely user in mind: Steps providing access to learner pools or shallow water should have a shallow riser between 150 mm and 160 mm and be wide enough, more than 300 mm minimum to allow easy use by children or an adult carrying a child. The leading edge of each step should be colour contrasted for increased visibility from both in and out of the water; Steps should have treads which are slip resistant and have no sharp edges; Steps should be designed giving consideration to the ease of access to and exit from the pool by users with restricted mobility or those with disabilities. Moveable Floors Where pools have moveable floors/bulkheads this will affect the pool tank profile and will create a wider range of different profiles. Care needs to be taken to ensure that no additional hazards are created. The control panel used to operate the floor should be located so that the operator has a clear view of the floor. Water depth indicators should be mounted on the wall in a prominent position so they can be easily seen by bathers both from the pool and from the surround. The indicators should be clear and accurate. Some moveable floors and bulkheads can be brought to the surface and tilted carefully so that both surfaces can be cleaned. This may be necessary twice a year. An observation window is helpful to enable checks to be made. It is not possible to tilt most moveable floors for cleaning. They are provided with access hatches or manholes for inspection. Cleaning and maintenance of moveable floors is the work of specialist diving contractors who should work in accordance with the Diving at Work Regulations. In any case debris will settle out under the floor and should be removed twice a year with a pool vacuum cleaner. 23 of 55

84 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 Pool Hoists Appropriate equipment must be provided to enable persons with mobility problems to access and exit the pool, either with or without assistance. The provision of mobile and/or fixed electrically powered mechanical hoists can minimise the amount of handling which is required to enable a person with mobility problems to access the pool. All hoists and slings should comply with current British and European Standards. They should be installed by a competent contractor. They should be visually inspected each day the pool is used and must be given a thorough examination and test by a competent engineer, usually an engineering surveyor approved by the school s employer s insurers, once every six months in accordance with the Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations. A record of the daily visual inspection and the examination and test should be kept on file for the life of the hoist. All slings used must be compatible with the hoist being used. If there is any doubt then the hoist supplier/manufacturer should be consulted. The location of hoists needs to be carefully considered to maximise their benefit and use and to avoid them obstructing the free movement of bathers and staff. Persons who operate hoists and slings must have received training in their correct and safe use and in making manual handling risk assessments. Specific risk assessments for individual students with special needs will need to be produced especially where the pupils has severe disabilities. For further information please see Buckinghamshire Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Section 5.2 Pupil Moving and Handling or contact the Buckinghamshire County Council Health and Safety Team for assistance through the HR Service Desk Design of Ramps Any ramps providing access to the pool: Should have a gradient which does not exceed 1 in 15; Should have a clear width of 1 metre; Should have a slip resistant surface; Should have hand rails on both sides of the ramp; Should have sufficient space at the bottom and top of the ramp for manoeuvring a wheelchair; 24 of 55

85 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 Should not protrude into competitive areas; Should be regularly cleaned to reduce the risk of slipping SWIMMING POOL INLETS AND OUTLETS Swimming Pool Inlet and Outlet Safety Outlets are the points where water leaves the pool to go to the filtration plant. The potential dangers of swimming pool outlets and inlets are well documented. There is a history of serious accidents involving entrapment of hair or a part of the body in a swimming pool outlet resulting in significant internal injuries or drowning. This danger is particularly significant in the following situations: Pools with a single outlet in the pool bottom that is connected directly to the pump, which can be readily accessed by a bather and is small in size so that a bather can block it with their body. This type of installation is frequently seen in older pools or in pools which have been poorly specified or incorrectly designed; Pools where water velocities in the vicinity of the outlet are in excess of those recommended and have the potential to draw a person onto it or draw hair through it where it entangles and prevents it being withdrawn; Pools with two or more outlets where corrosion or scale formation in an outlet line has caused an increase in the velocity of another. This can be avoided if good practice regarding water balance and chemical dosing is followed; Pools where the outlet cover is not properly secured; Pools where the outlet cover has insufficient strength to withstand the load of say a bather jumping into the pool onto the cover causing it to collapse and trap the bather. This can happen to some outlet covers that over time become brittle due to the action of Ultra Violet light and/or pool chemicals. Pool Inlets Inlets are points where water is fed back into the pool from the filtration plant. Inlets must be strong enough to withstand any likely impact; 25 of 55

86 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 Inlets must be securely fixed in position; Apertures in inlets should not exceed a gap of 8 millimetres to avoid entrapment; Inlets should not protrude into the pool or have sharp edges or corners that could cause injury; Inlets should be arranged so that each one takes it required proportion of water flow; There should be sufficient inlets to ensure that the velocity of the water entering the pool does not exceed 1.5 to 2.0 m/sec or if possible as low as 0.5 m/sec in shallow water or sensitive areas such a steps or teaching areas where turbulence may be a problem. Size of Aperture of Outlet Grilles Outlet grilles are grilles on the pipes which take water from the pool to the plant room for filtration and disinfection. To prevent entrapment of fingers and toes, apertures in outlet grilles should not allow an 8 mm diameter probe to pass through them. Prevention of Vacuum Entrapment There are number of ways in which the risk of a vacuum forming on a suction line when an outlet becomes blocked can be reduced. They are: Having more than one Pool Outlet At least two and preferably more outlets should be fitted to a suction line. The outlets should be fitted 2-3 metres apart or as far from one another as possible to prevent a bathers body being able to cover both outlets at the same time. This should ensure that should part or all of one outlet become covered then the second or other outlets are able to take the full flow, thus preventing a vacuum forming and the risk of entrapment over the pool outlet. Size of Outlets The size of the grille or cover should be such that it is difficult, if not impossible, for a bather to cover it completely with their body. Outlet Design and Installation Outlets Fitted to Sumps 26 of 55

87 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 Outlet covers should cover a sump fitted to the outlet pipe rather than simply covering the end of the outlet pipe. The area of the cover should be between 6 to 10 times greater than the area of the pipe although a suction velocity of the water should not exceed 0.5 m/sec must be the determining factor. The advantage of sump outlets is that the surface area of the grille increases the size of the free area and reduces the velocity through the grille. It becomes more difficult for a bather to cover the entire grille. The sump allows the pumped water to flow more slowly and evenly through the grille, helping to prevent the creation of dangerous currents and hair entangling vortexes. In an existing pool with a single outlet it may be possible: to fit two or more outlets to the suction line sufficiently large or spaced so that a bather cannot block them; fit a large sump with a cover on the line of sufficient size to ensure a bather cannot block it with their body; Fit an anti vortex cover sized and designed to ensure a bather cannot block it with their body; Make sure the pump cannot draw only from the bottom outlet. Securely Fixed Outlet Covers The outlet cover should be designed and installed so as to be secure. There must be a sufficient number of fixings to ensure that the cover remains in the frame, for example, if one fixing becomes removed or dislodged, the cover should not pivot on a single fixing. The fixing devices should be tamper proof and provide adequate security against deliberate or unintentional actions. Anti-Vortex Covers Anti-vortex covers are large domed covers fitted to outlets in the pool where water flow is mainly round the perimeter of the gap between the cover and then pool floor. 27 of 55

88 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 The gap between the cover and the pool floor must be less than 8 mm. The preceding requirements of size, security of the cover and velocity of flow still apply. This type of pool cover will protrude to some extent above the pool base and may pose a hazard in shallow water areas. Supervision of Pool Users Outlets and inlets all pose potential risks and whilst a number of measures can be put in place to reduce the risk, there is no substitute for the presence of trained and competent staff at all times. Outlets can have a dangerous fascination for children. An awareness of the risks involved should form part of staff training and be contained in the pool s Normal Operating Procedures (NOPs). Action to be taken in the event of an emergency associated with the pool outlet should be covered under the pool s Emergency Action Plan (EAP). All supervisory staff should have received appropriate training and be aware of the action to be taken in an emergency. Skimmers Skimmers are devices for removing surface water from the pool. Much of the pool contamination is contained in the top 150 mm (6 inches) of the pool so skimmers have an important role to play in maintaining a good standard of pool water quality. Skimmers are short self adjusting weirs installed at intervals around the side of the pool. They deal with variations of water level arising from bather displacement. Each skimmer will only remove a small proportion of the surface water and this means that their efficiency as a method for removing surface water depends on how many are installed. In theory, enough skimmers can be fitted to remove the majority of the surface water. Most pools in Buckinghamshire Schools, especially the seasonal pools, use skimmers to remove the surface water from the pool. Increasing the number of skimmers on a pool can substantially improve the water quality KEEPING THE SWIMMING POOL CLEAN Pool Cleaning It is essential tht the pool is kept clean. A regular cleaning regime reduces the build up of dirt, grime and scale and improves the quality of the swim. It may also reduce the quantity of chemicals needed to disinfect the pool. A cleaning 28 of 55

89 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 schedule should be produced and records of when the pool is cleaned should be kept. Pool Cleaning Brushes Long handled pool cleaning brushes can be used to brush the bottom and the walls of the pool. If used on deepwater pools or deck level pools care needs to be taken by the pool user not to fall into the pool whilst brushing it. Pool Vacuums Pool vacuums are expensive but often the most effective way of keeping the pool walls and floor clean. Once set up they can be left to work their own way round the pool thus saving the pool operator a substantial amount of time. Pool Nets Pool nets should be available for the removal of any solid material such as stools from the pool. In out door pools they are also useful for removing debris which may fall into the pool such as leaves and twigs after stormy weather. After use in a contamination incident the nets should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected. Cloudy Pool Procedure (All Pools) A procedure clearly stating clearly the conditions under which the pool should be evacuated if the water is cloudy and the bottom of the pool is not clearly visible should be prominently displayed in the pool compound. This should be framed or laminated to protect it from water damage EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT Rescue Poles A rescue pole should be available in a prominent position on each side of the pool. Its location should be clearly signed so it is kept in the same location and it is clear if it is missing. The poles should be long enough to reach half way across the width of the pool but should not be so long that their use is obstructed by the walls of the pool hall or the fence surrounding the pool. Thermal Blankets for Emergencies Sufficient emergency blankets should be provided for the maximum number of people who are likely to use the pool at one time with a few spares. These should be kept readily available in the pool hall in a box with a lid which is clearly signed to indicate its contents. Provision of a pair of scissors in the box 29 of 55

90 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 can facilitate opening the packets containing the blankets in an emergency. Their location should be prominently signed so they can be readily found in an emergency HYDROTHERAPY POOLS Disinfection There is no satisfactory alternative to chlorine based disinfectant in hydrotherapy pools. Ozone and more usually in new hydrotherapy pools, ultraviolet light, are used in addition to chlorine but they cannot substitute for the main disinfectant. The use of bromochlorodimethyhydantion (BCDMH) is not appropriate for hydrotherapy pools as it can cause rashes (bromine itch) especially after prolonged exposure. Bromine Itch This problem is associated with the use of BCDMH, which for some people in some pools produces an intensely itching contact dermatitis ( i.e. eczema) especially after re-exposure. The itching usually precedes a visible rash within 12 hours of exposure. The frequency of the rash increases with age, being unusual in children and more common in bathers of more than 50 years of age. It is also more frequent and severe with prolonged exposure, which may occur occupationally for example to hydrotherapists. The distinction between bromine itch and folliculitis is fairly easy to recognise: The chemical irritation of bromine itch invariably appears within 12 hours of exposure; folliculitis usually takes 24 hours to appear; Itching which can be severe is the main symptom of bromine rash and is minimal with folliculitis; Maintaining Good Water Quality The users of hydrotherapy pools have special vulnerabilities. The water and air quality of a hydrotherapy pool needs the same careful attention as a heavily used large public pool. The higher water temperature in a hydrotherapy pool encourages the proliferation of microbes and the break down of chemicals. A fast turnover time of 30 to 90 minutes is necessary to maintain good hygienic conditions. It is important in hydrotherapy pools to keep the combined chlorine residual as low as possible. It should ideally be zero and should never be more than of 55

91 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 mg/litre and should never be more than half the level of the free chlorine residual. With automatic chemical control of the free chorine and ph and a short turnover time together with the recommended dilution by the addition of 30 litres of water per bather per day of fresh water it should be possible to keep the free chlorine around 1 mg/l and never more than 2 mg/l. ph values should be kept below 7.6 and preferably within the range of In the event of a high combined chlorine residual and an irritant atmosphere in the pool hall attention needs to be paid to minimising contamination from those in the pool particularly from sweat and urine. Users should use the toilet and shower before bathing. A check should be made to ensure that the chlorine and ph are within the ranges recommended, that there is adequate dilution with fresh water and that the pool hall is adequately ventilated. Filtration Medium rate filtration is important for the water treatment of hydrotherapy pools. The efficiency of filters is considerably enhanced by the use of a flocculent particularly in relation to the removal of cryptosporidium to which immunocompromised patients are particularly vulnerable. This organism is most likely to be in the water after a liquid faecal accident in the pool. Whilst most hydrotherapy pools can be emptied in the event of contamination with liquid faeces experience shows that diarrhoea accidents are often either not seen or reported. Optimum pool filtration is important at all times. Encouraging students to use the toilet before hydrotherapy sessions is important to try and prevent this type of contamination. Balance Tanks (Hydrotherapy Pools) A balance tank is a reservoir of water between the pool itself and the rest of the circulation system. It helps maintain a constant pool water level and supply to the pumps. Balance tanks should be visually checked monthly for any build up of debris. A build up of sand for example may be a sign of deterioration of the concrete or a broken filter lateral. Sand can provide a home for bacteria that may spread to other parts of the pool. Calcium deposits in the balance tank may suggest poor chemical balance. A well designed balance tank should clear most debris continuously. Tanks should be inspected once a year by a competent contractor and be cleaned if necessary. This requires them to be drained and any debris removed. The inner surfaces are brushed and flushed down with 10 mg/litre of chlorinated water that can be returned to the circulation system. 31 of 55

92 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 Balance tanks should be treated as confined spaces as they have limited access and limited ventilation which allows the build up of hazardous fumes. Entry to combined spaces should be carried out in accordance with the County Council s Policy and Guidance on Confined Spaces. It is the County Council policy that Council employees should not enter confined spaces so this type of work must be undertaken by a competent specialist contractor. For further information please see Buckinghamshire Health and Safety Polices and Procedures Section 9.6 Working in Confined Spaces POLLUTION FROM BATHERS Different Types of Pollution Any substance associated with the human body may be introduced into the pool water by bathers. There are three main types of pollution. Tissues hair, skin Excretions sweat, urine, faecal matter Dirt dust, grass, suntan lotion, cosmetics Urination, some of which is involuntary does happen in swimming pools. Research suggests that perhaps 30 ml of urine is released on average per bather. That is equivalent to 200 mg of urea day. Most bathers will loose significant quantities of urea in sweat in the exercise of swimming especially in water with a high pool temperature that has become common nowadays. An average 950 ml of sweat per swimmer per hour has been estimated. That adds another 250 mg of urea. The reaction between the disinfectant and breakdown products of urea in sweat and urine is the main cause of high combined chlorine residuals (chloramines) in the water and these contribute to eye and skin irritation. Some of these chlorine compounds can pass into the air producing irritant gases in the air above the pool. These gases can affect bathers, poolside staff and spectators. Urea also adds considerably to the costs of maintaining the quality of the pool water. More water and air changes are needed which requires more energy to maintain the comfort of the bathers. Dirt of all types normally collects on the body before bathing. Cosmetic material such as powders, creams, lotions and oils are rich in pollutants many of which impose a significant burden on the water treatment system. 32 of 55

93 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 Pre-Swim Hygiene Pre-swim showering is an effective way of removing significant amounts of dirt and bacteria that otherwise end in the pool and it is estimated that two-thirds of sweat products and one third of bacteria are removed by showering. Even without soap a shower removes much of the pollution which would otherwise enter the pool. A shower removes five times as much pollution as a footbath. If pre-swim showering is in place the pool water will be cleaner and easier to disinfect requiring less chemicals and thus reducing costs. Showers It is desirable that a pool should have at least one set of showers to facilitate pre swim showering and swimmers should be encouraged to use them before bathing and adequate time should be allowed for this. All appropriate precautions relating to legionella should be taken in accordance with the County Legionella Policy and Procedures. Footbaths The role of footbaths in dealing with verrucas and other foot infections is now considered to be irrelevant. Showers do the cleaning more effectively and provide extra benefits. If there is no alternative,especially in an outdoor pool, a properly maintained footbath or foot spray is better than nothing. Toilets Toilets should be used before entering the showers and the pool. Explanatory notices and posters should be prominently displayed. Everyone should be encouraged to use the toilets before showering to minimise voluntary and involuntary urination within the pool. Children will need extra encouragement to use the toilet. Pool management should include the regular inspection and cleaning of the toilets. Babies Babies should not be allowed to swim in ordinary nappies, instead if they are old enough they should be encouraged to empty their bladders before they swim and wear a swim nappy that is waterproof both ways. Faecal Fouling There is a significant risk of faecal fouling in swimming pools especially if they are used by babies and very young children. Procedures need to be in place for dealing with faecal fouling incidents and all staff should be aware of them. 33 of 55

94 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 Solid faeces should be removed from the pool as rapidly as possible. A net on a long pole should be kept available for this purpose. No other action should be necessary as long as the disinfection levels in the pool are within the range set for the pool and it has been possible to remove all the material. Diarrhoeal Fouling Diarrhoeal fouling is likely to contain potentially hazardous bacteria and viruses. If the disinfectant concentration is within the correct range then the bacteria and viruses should be inactivated within minutes by the residual disinfectant. Diarrhoea may however contain oocysts of Cryptosporidium, an intestinal parasite. This can cause chronic diarrhoea and vomiting when ingested and is a serious threat to immunocompromised bathers. Cryptosporidium is not killed rapidly enough by chlorine in the pool although it can be by ultraviolet light or ozone. Effective deep bed filtration should remove Cryptosporidium oocysts. Further information on Cryptosporidium can be found in Appendix D (Generic Risk Assessment) and Appendix H. When diarrhoeal fouling occurs it should be dealt with by Closing the fouled pool and ensure bathers leave the pool and shower immediately; Maintaining disinfectant levels at the top of the operating range; Vacuuming and sweeping the pool; Using a coagulant and filter for six turnover cycles; Backwashing of filters; Checking the final chlorine residual and ph value of the pool water. The pool should not re-open until these actions have been completed. The actions above should also be carried out if the pool has been identified as a potential source of cryptosporidium. For further information see Appendix E Emergency Action Plan. The risks of cryptosporidium can be reduced by discouraging babies under the age of six months from using the pool: Encouraging all bathers to shower thoroughly before using the pool; Providing good hygienic nappy changing areas; Discouraging anyone who has been ill with diarrhoea up to 14 days previously from using the pool. A notice should be displayed to this effect. 34 of 55

95 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 Microbiological Testing Regular microbiological testing is essential for the safe operation of swimming pools. If the results are not satisfactory then the pool should be closed until the problem has been remedied. Records of microbiological test result for the pool should be kept for at least 5 years. Microbiological testing should be carried out by a UKAS Registered external contractor, for example, from Kingfisher Environmental or STATS Environmental at the following times: For pools that are open all year microbiological testing should be carried out: When the pool opens for the first time and then after any period of closure; Once a month thereafter; After any incident of contamination. For seasonal pools microbiological testing should be carried out; before the pool opens at the start of the season or after any significant period of closure such as over the summer vacation; once a month thereafter; and after any incident of contamination. For hydrotherapy pools microbiological testing should be carried out: before the pool is used for the first time or after any significant period of closure; once a week thereafter, on a Monday if possible; after any incident of contamination. If the test is carried out at the start of the week on Monday and the results are not satisfactory then there is time for a retest before the end of the week. Occupational Health of Hydrotherapists Since working in the hot humid conditions of a hydrotherapy pool is very demanding, the time limits are usually three hours a day, 2 hours in the morning or two in the afternoon. 35 of 55

96 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 Staff with intermittent eczema or particularly dry skin may find hydrotherapy work difficult. An emollient cream (for example Aqueous Cream BP) should be provided together with a ready supply of cool water near to the hydrotherapy pool. Wearing light cotton clothing is recommended. SECTION 3: THE POOL PLANT ROOM AND POOL PLANT 3.1 THE POOL PLANT ROOM Security The swimming pool plant room must be kept secure at all times. Keys should be issued to authorised users only, with a spare kept in the school s key safe in case of emergency. A list of key holders should be maintained. A sign should be displayed on the door indicating that there is no unauthorised access to the plant room. Ventilation It is essential that the pool plant room is adequately ventilated to avoid the build up of gases and high temperatures. Ventilation may be provided by the provision of an adequate numbers of air bricks at both high and low level or by the use of extraction fans. A maximum and minimum thermometer should be located in the plant room to monitor temperatures. Gas Boilers Gas fired boilers must only be serviced, maintained, connected or disconnected by Gas Safe Registered Gas Engineers. A record of servicing and maintenance of boilers must be kept on site and be ready for inspection by visiting officers. Gas Leaks In the event of a gas leak occurs isolate the supply, if it is safe to do so, by turning off the main stop valve. Call the emergency gas safe registered engineer immediately by telephoning the gas supply should be turned off at the main stop valve and the mains gas valves should only be turned on again by a Gas Safe Registered Engineer when he/she is happy that the system is safe. Servicing and Maintenance of Electric Heaters Electric heaters should be serviced and maintained annually by a competent NICEIC registered electrical engineer and records of serviced and maintenance of electric heaters should be kept on the swimming pool file. 36 of 55

97 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 Cold Weather Protection In plant rooms of pools which are open all year water circulation and dosing pipe work may be vulnerable to freezing and splitting in severe weather. Lagging and thermostatically controlled heaters may need to be installed to prevent the pipework freezing up. Electrical Supply, Electrical Switchgear, Electric Motors and Electric Pumps The risks from electrical equipment are made worse by the wet and corrosive conditions in swimming pools and swimming pool plant rooms. Work on electrical equipment should only be undertaken by qualified electricians who are NICEIC Registered. Fixed electrical installations and equipment require specialist knowledge and skills and should be to the standard of the IET (BS 7671) 17 th Edition. Wiring Regulations. This sets out the types of electrical system suitable for different locations within the pool area, for example, the type of measures against electric shock, the type of switchgear and accessories that may be suitable. The responsibility for ensuring that the electrical installation is electrically earthed and bonded where necessary rests with the pool operator. The integrity and effectiveness of the earthing and bonding needs to be inspected and tested annually and records should be kept. Where possible switches should be fitted to enable parts of the installation to be disconnected from the supply when necessary. These switches should be of a type designated to provide electrical isolation so that maintenance, modification, and repair can be undertaken safely. Electrical sockets should not normally be located in wet area. Where they are they should be of a type suitable for a wet environment complying with EN :1998. Particular care should be taken when hoses or water jets are used. The supply to these outlets and those used to supply leads and equipment to be used in wet areas, should be protected either by the use of earth monitoring systems especially for three phase 400 V ac supplies or supplies fed through non-adjustable residual current devices (RCDs) with a rated tripping current not exceeding 30 ma. Residual Current Devices should be: installed in a damp proof enclosure; The test reset button should be accessible but exclude the ingress of damp; 37 of 55

98 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 All cable entries should be properly sealed; Protected against mechanical damage and vibration; Checked daily by operating the test button; Inspected weekly together with the equipment it is supplying, during the formal visual inspection; Tested every three months by an electrician using the appropriate test equipment. An electrical test of the complete installation including, the electrical supply, switchgear and any electrical equipment such as heaters and pumps should be tested and certificated annually by a competent NICEIC Registered electrician. A record of the annual test should be kept. Electric motors should be monitored weekly. A record of weekly monitoring of the motors should be kept. Motors and pumps should be oiled and greased from time to time where necessary. They should be visually checked regularly for signs of excessive wear, water leakage, overheating, and other defects. Any defects should be reported to the maintenance contractor. Any damage or deterioration to electrical switchgears wiring etc requires immediate attention from a registered electrical contractor. If there is any risk of persons coming into contact with a live conductor then the supply will need to be isolated until a repair has been made and that the system has been tested to ensure that it is safe. Portable Electrical Equipment Portable electrical equipment should not be used in wet areas. When it is necessary to use portable electrical equipment near the pool side, it must be carefully selected and carefully used so as to minimise risk. A voltage as low as 50 V can be fatal to someone immersed in water so great care must be taken. Mains voltage audio and similar equipment should not be allowed on or near the pool side unless it is specifically designed for use near water. Pool operators need to make sure that persons hiring the pool and/or contractors working in the poolside area do not bring unsuitable electrical items onto the pool side. 38 of 55

99 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept THE POOL FILTERS The Filter Medium Sand is the only filter medium recommended for schools swimming pool filters. Cartridge filters are generally not adequate for school pools. Experience has shown that they are not able to handle the bather load effectively. Checking the Filter Medium The lid should be taken off the filter and the condition of the sand should be inspected annually by a competent swimming pool contractor as part of the annual pool maintenance programme. Changing the Filter Medium The filter medium will not need to be replaced every year but will need to be replaced from time to time. The contractor will be able to advise when a filter sand change is necessary. Records of when the swimming pool filter medium was last inspected and when it was last changed should be kept in the swimming pool log. Backwashing of Swimming Pool Filters In-order for swimming pool filters to function efficiently it is essential that they are regularly backwashed. Backwashing involves passing swimming pool water back through the filters to wash them and then allowing the water to flow to waste. It is an important part of caring for the filters and also for introducing fresh water to the pool to replace the water that has run to waste during the backwash. A five minute backwash may clean the filter bed adequately, but a viewing window or sight glass on the filter outlet is the only way to check progress effectively. Backwashing should continue until the backwash water is clear. The manufacturers instructions relating to backwashing should also be taken into account. After backwashing the normal flow should be restarted, but the filter water should run to waste for a few minutes to allow the newly expanded filter bed to settle and dirt in the pipe work to drain off. It is important that the backwash flow is fast enough to fluidise the sand bed so that it expands by %. It is important that there is enough space in the filter to do this. The backwash flow must be at least 30 m 3 /m 2 /h for sand of grain diameter mm sand. Coarser grains may require a faster flow. 39 of 55

100 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 Backwash flow rates must not be so high that the bed expands beyond the overflow level. A viewing port window which allows the operator to see the top of the sand bed enables them to see if fluidisation has happened. Manufacturer s recommendations must be followed. The backwash water pipe work must be of large enough diameter to discharge the water without build up of pressure inside the filter tank. The pumps must be able to cope with the work. Backwash pipelines should be of the appropriate size and diameter and be routed so that the water can flow freely to the drain without water becoming trapped and stagnant. Pipelines should not be routed upwards or overhead. Backwash water from commercial pools and spa pools is classified as a trade effluent, so approval has to be sought from the relevant water authorities about the nature, volume and frequency of the discharge from backwashing and dilution. The backwash drains must be adequate for the volume and velocity of the backwash water. If the drainage system cannot deal with the backwash flow rate, a backwash water holding tank (not a balance tank) may have to be installed. It should be sized to take at least one backwash plus 20%, and should have an alarm or shut off to avoid flooding. A written safe system of work should be produced for backwashing the filters and should be displayed on the wall of the plant room adjacent to the filters. If there is more than one filter it may be necessary to backwash them one at a time so as not to overload the drains. If there are still problems with excess water being pumped to the drains a holding tank may be required. A holding tank may also be necessary if the water has to be dechlorinated before release. When to Backwash Backwashing should be preferably be done either at the end of the day or whenever the loss of pressure across the filter reaches the level recommended by the filter manufacturer. It should be carried out at least once a week and will normally be done twice a week and records should be kept. It should not be done too often on the false premise that the more often backwashing is done the better. Filters take time to return to their most efficient after backwashing so they should not be backwashed more often than is necessary. 40 of 55

101 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 Filters should also be backwashed if the circulation has to be stopped because of a failure or for maintenance (Normally, filtration and pool circulation should continue for 24 hours a day.) Backwashing should not be done whilst the pool is in use as it will reduce the depth of the pool and active disinfection will also stop during backwashing. After backwashing the first few minutes of flow should run to waste. After backwashing a filter sand bed takes between 30 and 120 minutes to settle and return to full working efficiency. For this reason backwashing at the end of the day is helpful as it allows the filter to return to optimum efficiency whilst there are no bathers in the pool. A record of the date, time of day and the length of time the filter was backwashed should be kept for each filter. 3.3 THE CIRCULATION PUMPS AND STRAINER BASKETS Circulation Pumps There should be a conveniently located labelled switch to enable the circulation pumps to be switched on and off easily. The pumps should be serviced and maintained annually and records of this should be kept in the Swimming Pool File. Pumps will need replacing from time to time as eventually they wear out. If the circulation pumps fail the dosing system should automatically be switched off to prevent excessive disinfection. Strainer Baskets The strainer baskets should be emptied at least once weekly. The dates when they are emptied should be recorded. There should be a written procedure for changing the strainer baskets displayed on the wall of the plant room and a copy kept in the swimming pool manual. Disinfection with Ultraviolet Light Some hydrotherapy pools use ultra violet light units to disinfect the pool water in addition to normal chlorination process. The ultra violet equipment should be regularly checked to ensure that it is functioning properly. The lamps will need replacement annually or in accordance with the manufacturer s instructions. This work should be carried out by a competent engineer who has been trained in the servicing of this equipment. Ultra violet light can cause serious damage to the eyes and under no circumstances should an employee attempt to change the lamps or do any other work on this type of equipment. 41 of 55

102 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 Records of the replacement of the bulbs and any other maintenance of the ultra violet light equipment should be kept. 3.4 PLANT ROOM PIPE WORK Circulation Pipework All pool plant circulation pipe work should be clearly labelled with an arrow to indicate the direction of flow and which part of the pool circulation it serves. Dosing Tubes All dosing tubes should be labelled with an arrow to indicate the direction of flow and the content of the pipes. Dosing tubes should be protected from damage by running them through larger more robust tubes. Liquids in dosing tubes may be prone to freezing in exceptionally cold weather so additional thermostatically controlled heating may be needed in the plant room to prevent this happening in severe weather conditions. 3.5 VALVES Multiport Valves Multiport valves should have a plate affixed to them indicating the function of each position of the valve control lever. It is important that the plate indicating the function of each valve lever position is correctly indicated. Single Valves All single valves must be uniquely identified with a number and an indication of their function so that they can be clearly identified in the written safe system of work for backwashing the pool. 3.6 CHEMICAL DOSING MACHINES AND PROBES The following companies supply this type of equipment suitable for school and commercial pools. Biolab/Bayrol This company can supply pool dosing equipment and controllers for both larger 25 metre pools for which the larger Analyt Controllers are appropriate and also for smaller covered pools or seasonal pools where the smaller Compact Controllers are adequate. All dosing machines require regular servicing and maintenance by a competent contractor but can save the pool plant operator a considerable 42 of 55

103 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 amount of time. Schools are advised to set up a maintenance contract with their swimming pool contractor. Topline This company also manufactures and installs a range of pool controllers. This make of controller is installed in the new hydrotherapy pools. The manufacturer s servicing and maintenance instructions should be complied with and records of all servicing and maintenance should be kept. Amperometric and Redox Probes Amperometric probes are more accurate and reliable than redox probes and should be used in preference to redox probes. If you already have redox probes installed you area advised to upgrade to amperometric probes at the next pool plant upgrade. 3.7 EQUIPMENT FOR DOSING POOL CHEMICALS Day Tanks and Bunds All day tanks should be provided with a bund with a volume of at least 110% of the volume of the day tank so that if the day tank leaks the liquid will be trapped by the bund. Tanks containing incompatible chemicals must be well separated to minimise the risk of accidental mixing or splashing. If there is not room to separate them by the recommended distance then a barrier should be built between them. Day tanks should be prominently labelled with the name of the substance they contain Refilling Day Tanks Safely When refilling day tanks great care must be taken to ensure that the correct chemical is being used to fill that tank. If the wrong substance is fed into the wrong tank substantial volumes of chlorine are likely to be produced with very serious consequences. Hand operated pumps can be installed to avoid the need for pouring significant quantities of hazardous substances from one container to another. Each pump should be labelled to indicate which substance is to be pumped by it. Pumps will need cleaning and maintenance from time to time. Cleaning Bunds Dosing solutions may splash or spill into bunds from time to time and when the liquid evaporates may leave a residue of solid material in the bund. The bund will need to be kept clean and the solid material will need to be removed regularly. When cleaning the bunds clean one at a time and take care not to mix the residues from the different bunds as this may result in chlorine gas 43 of 55

104 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 being given off. Wear personal protective equipment to protect you from any splashes of hazardous chemicals. Labelling of Day Tanks and Bunds Day tanks and bunds must be clearly labelled with the name of the substance they hold and also the appropriate hazard warning symbol. It is important that the labels and symbols are large enough to be easily seen and that they do not peel off the tank or become made illegible by chemical splashes. Separation of Day Tanks Day tanks for different substances which are being dosed into the pool must be well separated to minimise the risk of accidentally mixing substances which will react together and produce toxic chlorine gas. If needed a barrier should be sited between them to minimise the risk of chemicals being mixed accidentally. Dosing Pumps It is wise to hold on site at least one spare dosing pump in case one fails. This enables the visiting engineer to fit a new dosing pump immediately rather than having to wait for one to be ordered and delivered which may take several days. Having a spare dosing pump(s) available can considerably reduce the down time of the pool when there is a malfunction. PLEASE NOTE IT IS MOST IMPORTANT THAT THE DOSING PUMPS ARE INTERLOCKED WITH THE CIRCULATION PUMPS SO THAT IF THE CIRCULATION PUMPS FAIL THEN THE DOSING PUMPS ARE SWITCHED OFF. Dosing Tubes Dosing tubes should be protected from damage by enclosing them in more robust pipe of larger diameter. The contents of the pipe should be labelled at various points along its length to indicate what substance it is carrying. The direction of flow in the pipe should be labelled with an arrow indicating the direction of flow 3.8 EROSION FEEDERS Trichlorinators When installing a new trichlorinator it is wise to purchase a commercial duty one such as a Chlorilong trichlorinator from Biolab UK rather than a domestic type trichlorinator. The commercial trichlorinators are more expensive than the 44 of 55

105 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 domestic ones but are much more robust and are likely to be more reliable and also to last longer than a domestic model and are also more capable of handling higher bioloads resulting from the use of the pool by groups of children. These are available in different sizes to match the size of the pool. See Appendix N for model instructions for a trichlorinator. The maximum bather load of the pool must never be exceeded. Recharging the Trichlorinator Following a COSHH assessment personal protective equipment including respiratory protective equipment should be worn when recharging the trichlorinator to protect against liquid splashes and inhalation of chlorine gas. The manufacturer s instructions should be displayed on the wall by the trichlorinator and should be followed carefully. Discharging the Trichlorinator Personal protective equipment including respiratory protective equipment should be worn when discharging the trichlorinator to protect against liquid splashes and inhalation of chlorine gas. Maintenance of the Trichlorinator The trichorinator should be cleaned and maintained annually by a competent pool plant engineer in accordance with the manufacturer s instructions. Records of servicing and maintenance should be kept on the swimming pool file Brominators Following a COSHH assessment the County Council does not recommend the use of brominators in school pools although a small number of pools still use them. Chlorine is considered to be the most effective way of disinfecting a pool and chlorine levels are easier to measure and control than are those for bromine. Chlorination is chemically simpler than bromination and a small number of chemicals are required for chlorination than bromination. Chlorine is less likely to cause a skin rash than bromine (bromine itch) Recharging the Brominator Personal protective equipment including respiratory protective equipment should be worn when recharging the brominator to protect against liquid splashes and inhalation of bromine vapour. The manufacturer s instructions should be displayed on the wall by the brominator and should be followed carefully. Discharging the Brominator 45 of 55

106 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 Personal protective equipment including respiratory protective equipment should be worn when discharging the brominator to protect against liquid splashes and inhalation of bromine vapour. Generally it should be carried out by the pool maintenance contractor. There should always be a means of summoning help in an emergency when this operation is being carried out. Maintenance of the Brominator The brominator should be cleaned and maintained annually by a competent pool plant engineer in accordance with the manufacturer s instructions. Records of servicing and maintenance should be kept on the swimming pool file 3.9 SWIMMING POOL CHEMICALS Purchase and Delivery of Chemicals Chemicals should only be purchased from reputable suppliers which specialise in production of chemicals for the swimming pool industry and guarantee quality. Purchase of chemicals from non-reliable sources can have serious consequences for the swimming pool plant and users as substances may not be of adequate purity. The purchase of chemicals from domestic suppliers should be avoided where possible as the quality of the chemicals cannot be guaranteed. Labelling of Containers of Pool Chemicals Ensure that the containers of pool chemicals are correctly labelled when they arrive and date stamp them so that the can be used in the correct sequence. Some chemicals have a comparatively short shelf life so it is important they are used up fairly quickly. Check also that the containers remain identifiable and adequately labelled when they are in store. Avoid transferring chemicals from their original container to new ones if possible. If you do have to transfer a substance into a new bottle make sure the new container is correctly labelled with the same information that appears on the original container. Labels may easily become damaged and unreadable owing to water and chemical splashes. It is important that they are checked regularly and are replaced when necessary so that the chemicals remain identifiable. If any substance does become unidentifiable owing to the loss of the label it should be safely disposed of by a licensed waste contractor. Safety Data Sheets (SDS) Suppliers must provide Safety Data Sheets (SDS) (formerly known as Materials Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)) when they first supply and substance 46 of 55

107 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 and when the data sheet is updated. The safety data sheet is required in order to decide whether a COSHH Assessment is required and it is one of the essential sources of information for making a COSHH assessment. A safety data sheet is not in itself a COSHH assessment. Technical Data Sheets (TDS) Some companies also provide technical data sheets with their chemicals which explain how they should be used. These can be very helpful and may often be found on the company website. Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Assessments (COSHH) All substances which are classified as hazardous under the COSHH regulations which display a statutory hazard warning label on the product container require a COSHH Assessment to be completed. Substances which are not classified under the COSHH Regulations still need handling with care and the guidance on the safety data sheet should be read and followed. A number of model COSHH assessments for substances commonly used in swimming pool maintenance are available on the Schools Web. These may be downloaded and adapted for use but they must be signed and dated by the user and be regularly reviewed for them to have any validity. For further information on COSHH assessments see the Buckinghamshire Health and Safety Polices and Procedures Section 4.1 Control of Hazardous Substances COSHH CHEMICAL STORAGE Security The chemical store must be kept secure to prevent unauthorised access. Keys should be issued to authorised persons only and a list of key holders should be kept. A spare key should be kept in the schools key safe for use in emergency. Signage on Door of the Chemical Store A sign indicating the commercial name, chemical contents and hazard warning symbol of each substance in the chemical store should be clearly displayed on the door of the chemical store and plant room. This is required by the Fire and Rescue Service so there is a clear warning of the presence of hazardous substances in the area to fire fighters. Separation of Chemicals 47 of 55

108 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 All chemicals should be stored well apart in their own section of the store which should be clearly labelled to indicate what substances should be stored where. It is particularly important that the chlorine or bromine release agents are kept well apart from other chemicals which may react with it and liberate a toxic gas such as acidic substances. Incompatible chemicals must not be stored above each other. Containers of hazardous chemicals should be stored in separate robust plastic containers with lids. The containers should be labelled with the name of the substance they contain. Substances which may react with one another should be stored as far apart as possible. Containers like salt and grit bins can be used for this purpose provided they are clean/new and stored securely SAFETY EQUIPMENT Fire Extinguishers The pool plant room should be supplied with a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher which should be located on a hook on the wall near the door. A sign should be located by it indicating the type of fire extinguisher and the type of fire it can be used on. First Aid A First Aid Box should be kept in the plant room in case of emergencies. Its contents should be checked termly including the expiry dates of each item. For further information see Buckinghamshire Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Section 8.5 First Aid at Work. Eyewash Stations A tube on a tap should be available if possible as this is the most effective method washing out the eyes. If a tube on a tap is not available an eye wash station should be available located in a prominent and readily accessible position. Eyewash bottles must be sealed and in date. Any that are opened and used should be immediately disposed of SPILLAGE OF CHEMICALS Spill Kits A chemical spill kit should be kept readily accessible in the plant room and will contain absorbent booms for restricting the spread of spillages and absorbent pads for soaking them up. A dust pan and brush and a container with a tight fitting lid should be available for disposing of spillage material after it has been 48 of 55

109 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 cleaned up. Spill kits are available from swimming pool suppliers such as Biolab UK, and Leisureteq, Spillage Procedure A written spillage procedure should be displayed on the wall near the spill kit and copy should be kept in the swimming pool file. A Model Chemical Spillage Procedure is provided in Appendix F. This can be adapted by the school for its use. Disposal of Spillages Significant spillages must be disposed of legally through a licensed waste contractor and a waste transfer notice should be obtained and kept on file for three years PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT Equipment Type The following personal protective equipment should be available to the pool carers. They should be issued individually and should not be shared for reasons of hygiene. Hard Hats Ear Defenders Full Face Respirator Canisters (A2,B2,E2,K2,P3) Half Face Respirator Canisters (A1,B1,E1,K1,P3) Chemical Face Visor Chemical Goggles Chemical Proof Apron Chemical Proof Gauntlets Chemical Proof Boots For further information please see Buckinghamshire Health and Safety Polices and Procedures Section 11.1 Personal Protective Equipment (b)(c)(d)(e)(f) The PPE provided must all be compatible. Please note that respirators used for protection against organic gases and vapours such as those given off by adhesives, solvents or pesticides and herbicides will not give protection against chlorine and bromine which are inorganic gases. It is important that the correct canisters are used otherwise they will not provide the appropriate protection. 49 of 55

110 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 Face Fit Testing of Respiratory Protective Equipment (RPE) Schools will need to arrange for pool operators and pool carers to have their respiratory protective equipment face fit tested to ensure it is effective. The face fit testing will be carried out by an external contractor (Arco add contact details) who will issue a certificate. Testing can be done individually but it is more cost effective for a group of schools to co-ordinate their testing with the contractor at one central site 3.14 POOL CHEMICAL PARAMETERS /POOL WATER TESTING Pools using Chlorine Disinfection Test equipment will need to be available to enable the following tests to be carried out. The free chlorine, total chlorine and ph tests will need to be carried out regularly throughout the day in accordance with the pool s Normal Operating Procedure (NOP). The combined chlorine should never be more that 50% of the free chlorine and should never be greater than 1 mg/litre (parts per million). Example 1 Free chlorine ((DPD No1) Total chlorine (DPD No 1 + DPD No 3) = = 2.0 ppm 2.5 ppm Combined chlorine = 2.5 ppm (total) -2.0 ppm (free) = 0.5 ppm which is less than 50% of 2.0 ppm This result is satisfactory Example 2 Free chlorine (DPD No1) Total chlorine (DPD N0 1 + DPD No 3) = = 1.5 ppm 3.0 ppm Combined chlorine = 3.0 ppm (total) -1.5 ppm (free) = 1.5 ppm which is more than 50% of 1.5 This result is unsatisfactory The other tests will need to be to be carried out weekly and the Langelier calculation completed. 50 of 55

111 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 In pools using isocyanurates or where cyanuric acid is added the cyanuric acid level should be measured weekly. Free chlorine Total chlorine Combined Chlorine ph ( DPD No1 tablet) (DPD No 1 tablet and DPD No 3 tablet) (Calculated from above results) (phenol red) ph should be between 7.2 and 7.8 and preferably between 7.2 and 7.4. Total Alkalinity (use photometer if 5 in 1, 6 in1 or 9 in 1 photometer) (use tablet count if 3 in 1 photometer) Calcium Hardness Pool Temperature Cyanuric Acid Total Dissolved Solids (use photometer if 6 in1 or 9 in1 photometer) (use tablet count if 5 in 1 or 3 in 1 photometer) (thermometer) (Pools dosed with isocyanurates only) (Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) Meter) Pools using Bromine Disinfection Free Bromine (DPD No 1 tablet (bromine)) Free bromine should be between 4.0 and 6.0 mg/l (ppm) ph Total Alkalinity (phenol red) (use photometer if 5 in1, 6 in 1 or 9 in1) (use tablet count if 3 in 1photometer) Calcium Hardness (use photometer if 6 in 1or 9 in 1 photometer) (used tablet count if 5 in1 or 3 in 1 photometer) Pool Temperature Total Dissolved Solids (thermometer) (Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) Meter) Langelier/Balanced Water Test 51 of 55

112 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 A Langelier or balanced water test should be carried out each week and the Langelier Coefficient should be calculated. This will indicate if the water is balanced, corrosive or scale forming and by measuring it every week any trends can be identified and corrective action can be taken to prevent damage to the pool and pool plant POOL WATER TEST EQUIPMENT Types of Pool Water Testing Equipment There are two types of pool test kits, photometers and comparators. Photometers give much more accurate readings and are recommended for use in Buckinghamshire School pools.. Schools are advised to purchase good quality instruments from companies such as Lovibond (The Tintometer Limited) or Palintest,these instruments are supplied by the companies such as Biolab UK, Leisureteq and J P Lennard. Operators need to be trained to use their test kits including the importance of a good light source so that they obtain accurate results. Tablet reagents must be stored in a cool dry place Tablet reagents are usually provided in individually packed foil strips to prolong shelf life and prevent contamination before use. It is important not to touch the tablets when opening them for testing as this can affect the accuracy of the test result. It is advisable to purchase new tablet reagents each year and to safely dispose of old ones. Note: The test reagents used in photometers are different to those used in comparators and it is important that the appropriate tablet for the make of equipment is used. If you have Lovibond Photometer then use Lovibond Photometer test tablets. If you have a Palintest Photometer then use Palintest Photometer Tablets. The shelf life of the reagents used in the water testing equipment must be not be exceeded. They should be stored in a cool dry place and be kept out of sunlight. Any liquid reagents need to be replaced at regular intervals to ensure they remain active. The bottles must be adequately stoppered or closed Photometers Photometers eliminate the need for colour matching. They take an absorbance reading of the test solution and change it into a digital readout in mg/litre. Photometers are sensitive instruments and will give a reading up to an accuracy of 0.01 mg/litre if used carefully. If they are to function effectively then they must be handled carefully, kept scrupulously clean and be calibrated annually at a calibration centre approved by the manufacturer. The annual calibration certificate should be kept in the swimming pool file for at least three years. 52 of 55

113 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 Comparators Comparators are more robust but they are less accurate than photometers but may be used for back up if the photometer malfunctions or is away for calibration. They also need to be handled with care and to be kept scrupulously clean so that they will give accurate readings RECORD KEEPING Backwash Records Backwashing should take place at least once a week. Records of all backwashing that has been carried out should be kept on file including which filter was backwashed together with the date and time of the backwash and the signature or initials of the person carrying it out. The length of time for which the backwash took place and any problems encountered should also be recorded. The records should be kept on the swimming pool for three years. Contamination Records Records of the date and time of any contamination incidents and the nature of the incident and the actions taken to resolve them should be kept on the swimming pool file for three years. Pool Water Temperatures The Pool Water Treatment Advisory Group (PWTAG) advise the following range of temperatures for different types of indoor or covered pools. Activity Competitive swimming and diving, fitness swimming, training Recreational swimming, adult teaching Leisure Waters Children s teaching Babies, young children, disabled and infirm Hydrotherapy Spa Pools Recommended Temperature Range 26 C to 28 C 27 C to 29 C 28 C to 30 C 29 C to 31 C 30 C to 32 C 30 C to 35 C 30 C to 40 C 53 of 55

114 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 There are good reasons for not running pools at higher temperatures than necessary: Micro-organisms multiply faster at higher temperatures. They may multiply up to twice as fast for a rise of 10 C. Bathers become hotter at higher water temperatures and this can limit serious swimming and increase the sweat and grease in the water. Increased perspiration will add to the ammonia and urea in the pool producing more combined chlorine. Chlorine demand will then increase simply to maintain the free chlorine levels. Increased levels of urea will increase the production of irritant nitrogen trichloride. Dissolved gases become less soluble at higher temperatures. This can result in more unpleasant odours such as chloramines and potentially harmful trihalomethanes and ph values rise as carbon dioxide escapes. Both direct and indirect energy costs will be higher whatever energy efficiency and conservation methods are used. Air temperature which is linked to water temperature rises also and this can make the atmosphere less comfortable for staff and others as can higher moisture levels. There is more moisture in the pool atmosphere even when the relative humidity is controlled at the same level. This can lead to a risk of condensation and possibly corrosion and deterioration of the building fabric, structure and equipment. 4.0 REFERENCES HS(G) 179: Managing Health and Safety in Swimming Pools (HSE) Third Edition Published 2003 ISBN A copy of this book was sent to all schools with the original swimming policy in A copy can be purchased from the HSE or be downloaded free from the from the HSE Website PWTAG Pool Water Treatment Advisory Group Swimming Pool Water Treatment and quality standards for pools and spas ISBN Greenhouse Publishing Ltd, The Hollies, Botesdale, Diss, Norfolk, IP22 1BZ. 54 of 55

115 Section 9.10 : Safe Practice in School Swimming Part 2 Technical Guidance on the Management of Swimming Pools in Schools Sept 2015 Telephone greenhousebooks@btconnect.com British Standards Institution (BSI) Management of Public Swimming Pools Water treatment systems, Water Treatment Plant and Heating and Ventilation Systems Code of Practice. PS39:2003 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road, London. W4 4AL. For Pool Inspections/Audits Mike Shuff M.I.S.P.E Managing Director Carlton Associates Ltd 41 Lyndon Road Olton Solihull West Midlands B92 7RE Tel: of 55

116 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix A: Model Risk Assessment for a school visit to a public pool September 2015 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL - SCHOOL SWIMMING Appendix A MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH AND SAFETY AT WORK REGULATIONS 1999 MODEL RISK ASSESSMENT - SCHOOL SWIMMING - VISIT TO A PUBLIC POOL The Risk Assessment is to be signed by a senior member of the School Management Team and/or Governors, and must be reviewed, signed and dated on an annual basis. The Normal Operating Procedure and Emergency Action Plans are compiled from the findings of a Risk Assessment, and therefore, there may be alterations that need to be made to meet individual schools operations. Once set and agreed, the NOP and EAP must be made available to those who may be required to operate or manage the swimming pool and its use, and their understanding of its use be tested. Initial Risk Assessment: NOP/EAP: Assessor and Date Approval and Date Adopted as School Policy and Date Review #1 Review #2 Review #3 Review #4 Review #5 1

117 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix A: Model Risk Assessment for a school visit to a public pool September 2015 HAZARD What hazards exist to health and/or safety? (Severity) The severity/type of the injury that is likely to be sustained: 1. Negligible injury 2. Minor injury 3. Major injury 4. Fatality 5. Multiple fatalities PROBABILITY What risks do they pose to employees and other persons? (Likelihood) The likelihood and/or frequency that an accident will occur. 1 Remote possibility 2 Unlikely 3 Possible 4 Very likely 5 Certainty RISK The product of the Severity Rating and the Likelihood Rating and gives a Risk Factor score out of 25. The higher the score, the greater the priority for action. Hazard Factor X Probability Factor = RISK Likelihood v Severity > The pool risk assessment checklist is based on the guidance on the Health and Safety Executive Book. Managing Health and Safety in Swimming Pools HS (G) 179. A suggested Hazard score is included in brackets at the end of the hazard. Numbers over 7 need urgent action to eliminate the risk. 2

118 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix A: Model Risk Assessment for a school visit to a public pool September 2015 HAZARD HAZARD [1 5] PROBABILITY [1 5] RISK [1 25] MEASURES THAT SHOULD BE IN PLACE TO REDUCE THE RISK ARE ADDITIONAL MEASURES NECESSARY (if yes, please specify) PAGES 3 6 COVER ALL ASPECTS WHICH ARE MATTERS FOR THE POOL OPERATOR. HOWEVER, SCHOOLS COULD USE POINTS MENTIONED IN THESE PAGES TO ESTABLISH WITH LEISURE PROVIDER ON INITIAL VISIT THAT THE POOL THAT THEY ARE PROPOSING TO VISIT IS IN FACT FIT FOR PURPOSE: PHYSICAL STRUCTURE: POOL SURROUND AND BATHER CIRCULATION: Are there any structural or design conditions that could become hazardous? - Where access to the pool hall or pool area is located close to deep water (deeper than 1.2 metres) a barrier is in place to minimise the risk of non-swimmers being falling or jumping into deep water? - The ceiling is in sound condition, with no loose material? Danger Deep Water signs complying with the Safety Signs and Signals Regulations displayed on the pool hall walls. Is there adequate lighting? - There is an adequate mix of natural and artificial lighting. - The pool surface is free of glare from the either natural or artificial lighting. - All lighting units are appropriate for use in a pool area, and are adequately protected against moisture. Are bathers exposed to any hazards in the pool hall? - The pool hall walls adjacent to wet circulation areas up to 2 m above the floor are in sound condition and free of sharp or abrasive areas. - Any pool equipment which might cause injury to bathers is stored safely at all times, e.g. if steps are removed from pool, ensure these are not a tripping hazard. 3

119 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix A: Model Risk Assessment for a school visit to a public pool September 2015 HAZARD HAZARD [1 5] PROBABILITY [1 5] RISK [1 25] MEASURES THAT SHOULD BE IN PLACE TO REDUCE THE RISK ARE ADDITIONAL MEASURES NECESSARY (if yes, please specify) Is there any possibility of scalds or burns to bathers? - Any low level radiators or heating pipes below 2m around the perimeter of the pool which could cause burns or scalds are protected. Are there any trip hazards? - The pool surround is of adequate width and unobstructed. - Any steps in the pool hall (indoor pools), are clearly defined and in sound condition. - Any flights of steps in the pool hall are they provided with appropriate handrails. POOL SIGNAGE - Any ramps in the pool hall do not have a gradient of less than 1 in The exit from the pool hall is clearly signed with an approved sign. - The fire exit(s) from the pool hall are clearly signed, with approved illuminated signs (indoor pools). - In pool halls which are used after lighting up time, emergency lighting is provided and is regularly checked. - The following signs prominently displayed in the pool hall/compound:- No Diving No Bombing No Running Deep End Shallow End Pool water depth 4

120 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix A: Model Risk Assessment for a school visit to a public pool September 2015 HAZARD HAZARD [1 5] PROBABILITY [1 5] RISK [1 25] MEASURES THAT SHOULD BE IN PLACE TO REDUCE THE RISK ARE ADDITIONAL MEASURES NECESSARY (if yes, please specify) - In the case of a deep water pool, of variable depth and/or sudden slopes, a pool profile is clearly displayed at the side(s) of the pool with depths indicated. Pool Outlets: - The deep water area is clearly indicated to nonswimmers. Is there a possibility of entrapment, or vortex formation? - All outlets protected by a grill with a mesh size of less than 8mm to prevent entrapment, and are securely fixed to the outlet so that it cannot be removed. - There at least two outlet grilles on each suction line to prevent excessive pressure causing entrapment if one is covered. - If there is only one outlet grille on a suction line, it is covered with a suitable grill to prevent entrapment and vortex formation if it is covered by a person s body. It has been tested in accordance with PAS 39: 2003, to ensure that there is no risk of hair entanglement. Pool Interior (Flooring/Lining) - The water velocity at the outlets less than 0.5 metre/second. - There are no sharp or exposed edges to the tiled finish; nor broken or missing tiles, including at tile expansion joint positions. - The pool floor is in sound condition, free from abrasive surfaces, sharp edges and is not slippery Pool Edge Definition: - The pool edge is well defined and colour contrasted with the pool surround or pool tank edge. 5

121 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix A: Model Risk Assessment for a school visit to a public pool September 2015 HAZARD HAZARD [1 5] PROBABILITY [1 5] RISK [1 25] MEASURES THAT SHOULD BE IN PLACE TO REDUCE THE RISK ARE ADDITIONAL MEASURES NECESSARY (if yes, please specify) Handrails and Rest Ledges: - Any rest ledges or handrails are secure and free of limb traps. Pool Access Steps/Ladders: - Pool access ladders are securely mounted, free of excessive movement or gaps in which limbs could be trapped. - The ladders are positioned to prevent risk of trapping between the ladder and the pool side. Blind Spots: - Any concealed areas, or blind spots, are covered by existing lifeguard positions. Lifeguards will need to move around the poolside to avoid glare and be able to see the pool bottom - Where permanent starting platforms, or underwater projecting features or fittings are fitted, adequate supervision and controls are in place. 6

122 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix A: Model Risk Assessment for a school visit to a public pool September 2015 HAZARD TRAVEL TO/FROM POOL HAZARD [1 5] PROBABILITY [1 5] RISK [1 25] MEASURES THAT SHOULD BE IN PLACE TO REDUCE THE RISK ARE ADDITIONAL MEASURES NECESSARY (if yes, please specify) Coach involved in an accident: If no-one is physically injured: - Make a careful check of all individuals in party. Ask the advice of authorities present and consider taking individuals to hospital for check - Phone school contact with details of the incident and your plan - Arrange regular update phone times If member(s) of party are injured you will also need to: - Ensure a competent member of staff accompanies pupil to hospital - Contact HR Servicedesk with details of what happened, names of injured (and injuries) and your plan - Keep school contact informed of the extent of injuries and the release time of individuals - Make arrangements for the return to school of remaining pupils School contact will: - Immediately contact the emergency services, always requesting assistance from the Police and also requesting attendance of the emergency services if anyone is injured in any way at all - Alert Headteacher, Chair of Governors school contact should only be giving parents very basic information about the incident at this stage until full information about any injuries or extent of these is established - Contact County HR Servicedesk - Ask pupils to turn off mobile phones to reduce phone calls home/causing undue worry - Inform parents about the incident and injured/uninjured and extent of injuries known 7

123 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix A: Model Risk Assessment for a school visit to a public pool September 2015 HAZARD HAZARD [1 5] PROBABILITY [1 5] RISK [1 25] MEASURES THAT SHOULD BE IN PLACE TO REDUCE THE RISK - Note parents who intend to travel immediately to the hospital and inform Group Leader ARE ADDITIONAL MEASURES NECESSARY (if yes, please specify) - Consider inviting parents to school for updates, counselling and joint decisions - Group Leader should take with him/her a mobile phone and a high visibility jacket; the vehicle should carry a breakdown warning triangle and a first-aid outfit with which to administer emergency first aid Procedures whilst travelling: - Instruct all party members to wear seatbelts and check they do so - Consider who should sit by an emergency exit - Know who is prone to travel sickness and place them near the front - In the case of any disabled pupils the school needs to ensure that wheelchairs are properly secured in position using the correct restraints fastened in position by suitably trained personnel Breakdown: - Consult driver and decide whether to stay on coach or evacuate to safer place - If this happens on a motorway then everyone should vacate the vehicle as quickly as possible and also leave the hard shoulder to assemble on the grassy verge on the far side of any vehicle impact barrier Significant delay: - Keep school contact updated with developments on both the outward and return journeys - School contact will keep parents (and leisure providers if on outward journey) informed with regular updates of progress Prevention of loss of pupil or member of staff: - Strict adherence to procedures for head counts at all arrival and departure points 8

124 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix A: Model Risk Assessment for a school visit to a public pool September 2015 HAZARD HAZARD [1 5] PROBABILITY [1 5] RISK [1 25] MEASURES THAT SHOULD BE IN PLACE TO REDUCE THE RISK - Emphasising to pupils that they should stay in groups as instructed at all times ARE ADDITIONAL MEASURES NECESSARY (if yes, please specify) - Emphasise the need to be at meeting points on time Pupil lost for more than 10 minutes - Gather all other pupils together, ensure their safety and keep them together - Inform leisure provider staff - Send member of staff to check the toilets, changing rooms, meeting point etc Pupil lost for more than 1 hour SWIMMING LESSON: - Notify local police, school contact - Dependent on age, time of day and location, decide with the school contact whether to instigate the County Grave Emergency Procedure Accident and Incident Prevention and Reporting: All accidents, incidents and near misses reported in accordance with County Council procedures via the ANT System and further reported to HSE under the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 2013 (RIDDOR), where appropriate. The pool rules prominently displayed at two separate points in the pool hall/compound. A notice is prominently displayed indicating that the pool must not be use if the bottom of it is not visible at all points. All class sizes and staff: pupil ratios are within the ASA/IMSPA Guidelines on Safe Supervision in Swimming and Bucks Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy 2015 These need to take into account the variable circumstances each teacher may encounter; i.e. age; additional needs; challenging behaviour. 9

125 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix A: Model Risk Assessment for a school visit to a public pool September 2015 HAZARD HAZARD [1 5] PROBABILITY [1 5] RISK [1 25] MEASURES THAT SHOULD BE IN PLACE TO REDUCE THE RISK Whoever is in charge for the water safety of the group poolside should be told the number in the group by school staff so regular scanning and accurate head counts can be carried out during the lesson. ARE ADDITIONAL MEASURES NECESSARY (if yes, please specify) Since teachers are in loco parentis as well as having general health and safety responsibilities for the pupils under their charge then, particularly where sizeable groups of pupils visit a public or other swimming pool and/or pupils with disabilities and/or additional educational needs also comprise the group, the school should ensure that sufficient teachers holding relevant qualifications, possibly even including lifeguard/saver qualifications, are also present with the pupils on poolside so that undue reliance is not always being placed on the effectiveness of the resident lifeguard in a situation where one or more pupils get into difficulties. The resident lifeguard at a public pool owns an equal duty of care to others using the pool at the same time as the pupils and so may not always be available immediately should a pupil from the group get into difficulties. Suitably trained teaching staff (i.e. Leisure Provider Swimming Teachers) would be expected to immediately act and intervene in such circumstances. Pupils should remove all jewellery, including nose and tongue studs, before being permitted to take part in pool/swimming activities delivered as part of the school curriculum Safety equipment, such as poles, throwing ropes or throw bags, first aid provision and emergency alarms, needs to be: - Fit for purpose - Sufficient in quantity - Regularly checked - Positioned so as to be readily available when needed without creating additional hazards to pool users. 10

126 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix A: Model Risk Assessment for a school visit to a public pool September 2015 HAZARD HAZARD [1 5] PROBABILITY [1 5] RISK [1 25] MEASURES THAT SHOULD BE IN PLACE TO REDUCE THE RISK A variety of teaching and floatation aids should be available. Equipment should: - Conform to any BS EN standard, where available ARE ADDITIONAL MEASURES NECESSARY (if yes, please specify) - Be checked before the session to ensure it is safe to use - Be close at hand for easy access and use during the lesson - Be placed tidily on the poolside to minimise tripping or other safety hazards - Be used appropriately to avoid over-reliance on it - Be appropriate and safe for the needs of the students - Be correctly fitted or held according to the design or purpose of the aid. Where an adult has responsibility for teaching more than two students, the recommended teaching position is from the side of the pool as this provides the best position to oversee the whole group and respond quickly to any teaching or emergency situation. Access to a telephone giving direct contact from the pool to the emergency services is essential. School staff should count pupils onto and from the poolside and walk around the pool at the end of each aquatics lesson to ensure it is clear of all pupils. Pupils All pupils understand the pool rules and have regular opportunities to demonstrate this understanding, e.g. Whistle/alarm drill. Any absent pupils are informed of pool rules and procedures as above and this should be documented. - Pupils only enter poolside once lifeguard/s is/are in position - Pupils are assessed; baseline data is gathered before and during first lesson. 11

127 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix A: Model Risk Assessment for a school visit to a public pool September 2015 HAZARD HAZARD [1 5] PROBABILITY [1 5] RISK [1 25] MEASURES THAT SHOULD BE IN PLACE TO REDUCE THE RISK - Pupils are not swimming out of their depth until after water based assessment and deemed competent to do so ARE ADDITIONAL MEASURES NECESSARY (if yes, please specify) - Use of appropriate swimming aids for pupils - Teachers with a responsibility for water safety have easy access to a rescue pole SPECIFIC ACTIVIITIES Teachers hold relevant qualifications to teach diving. Diving - Refer to Bucks Safe Practice in School Swimming 2015 and also to AfPE Safe Practice in Physical Education and Sport 2012 for water depths, entries and progression for diving. Goggles should not be worn when learning to dive. Teaching Personal Survival and Lifesaving Skills - Ensure pupils are competent at skills without additional clothing before introducing clothing - Caution applied when introducing clothing in the water (e.g. introduce clothing gradually; appropriate depth) - Contact rescues should not be taught to children under 13 years of age - Increase depth at which swimmers climb out gradually. Teaching Water Polo - No goggles to be worn (risk of ball hitting eyes) - Play in depth appropriate to swimming ability - Spacing with balls - Water polo hats to be worn where possible (ear protectors) - Short games - Smaller/lighter balls - Use of aids where required Teaching Synchronised Swimming - Use of aids where required - Depth appropriate to ability - Ensure synchronised swimming jumps/stepped entries have been approved by qualified Swimming Teacher and are supervised at all times (refer to safe depths for feet first 12

128 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix A: Model Risk Assessment for a school visit to a public pool September 2015 HAZARD HAZARD [1 5] PROBABILITY [1 5] RISK [1 25] MEASURES THAT SHOULD BE IN PLACE TO REDUCE THE RISK entries: Bucks Safe Practice in Swimming Policy 2015 and AfPE Safe Practice in Physical Education and Sport 2012, ) ARE ADDITIONAL MEASURES NECESSARY (if yes, please specify) Timed swims/core Tasks - Be vigilant to tired swimmers who may be overtaxing their physical strength and swimming ability (risk of hyperventilation) Are employees competent to carry out their duties? All Leisure Provider Staff who teach swimming are qualified to ASA Level 2 or equivalent. At least 2 School Staff accompany pupils to their School Swimming Lesson and hold the minimum BCC and BLT requirement; i.e. ASA NCTP Fundamentals of School Swimming (refer to Bucks Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy 2015 for details of relevant qualifications. It is essential that these staff remain on pool side to provide an assisting role. A suitably qualified lifeguard is present on pool side at all times (qualified to appropriate depth) Aquatics teachers and school staff who have responsibility for the water safety of the class in programmed activities should hold, as a minimum, either of the following awards: - The National Rescue Test for Swimming Teachers and Coaches (NRASTC) - The STA Certificate, NaRS Pool Lifeguard There is a clear policy in place for adequate removal of a person with a suspected spinal injury from the pool. All School Staff accompanying students to aquatic lessons should: - Be given a clear role - Understand the limits of the role 13

129 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix A: Model Risk Assessment for a school visit to a public pool September 2015 HAZARD HAZARD [1 5] PROBABILITY [1 5] RISK [1 25] MEASURES THAT SHOULD BE IN PLACE TO REDUCE THE RISK - Be confident on poolside - Communicate with the other adults on safety issues - Have the necessary discipline and control standards - Regularly carry out head counts during, as well as at the beginning and end of, sessions - Know, understand and be able to apply the pool normal operating procedures (NOP s) and emergency action plan (EAP) - Be suitably dressed for the role they play in the lesson. ARE ADDITIONAL MEASURES NECESSARY (if yes, please specify) A lifeguard chair is provided to give the lifeguard clear vision of all parts of the pool. Safe Supervision of lessons will need to take account of whether the group has sole or shared use of the pool. Shared use with the general public would have further implications for the supervision and designated responsibility for safety, which would need to be satisfactorily addressed. Clothing: Cultural or Religious requirements Goggles - One piece costumes - Tight swim trunks or shorts no Bermuda style shorts - Children with long hair should wear caps to prevent vision being affected - Correct balance between safety, cultural requirements and the need to be able to see the limb movements of students - As required by Bucks Safe Practice in Swimming Policy, pupils wishing to wear goggles must bring a letter signed by parents giving consent (See Appendix G for sample letter) - Pupils must have been taught to put on and take off goggles in the correct and safe fashion (i.e. to ensure protection of eyes from impact damage through stretching the eyepieces away from the face with wet fingers) - Goggles should be British Standards Institution (BSI) goggles which include makes such as Speedo or Zoggs. - On occasions pupils will be asked to remove their goggles in order to safely perform certain aquatic activities. 14

130 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix A: Model Risk Assessment for a school visit to a public pool September 2015 HAZARD HAZARD [1 5] PROBABILITY [1 5] RISK [1 25] MEASURES THAT SHOULD BE IN PLACE TO REDUCE THE RISK ARE ADDITIONAL MEASURES NECESSARY (if yes, please specify) Protecting children: - Children are monitored while changing. - Separate school changing areas made available where possible - Adequate supervision of changing rooms - Where necessary, children are given assistance changing - If both male and female staff are not able to accompany each class, enlist co-operation of pool staff (assured and consistent; familiarity and adherence to Safeguarding Policies). All staff and observers been DBS checked, and formal checks have been made of the details of the hirer s child protection policies. Managing Un-Programmed Sessions, and external hirings: Un-programmed school sessions are not recommended, owing to their unpredictable nature. However, if they do take place in a leisure provider pool, this should only be after a thorough risk assessment. Aquatics teachers and school staff who have responsibility for the water safety of the class in unprogrammed activities should hold, as a minimum, either of the following awards: - The RLSS National Pool Lifeguard Qualification - The STA Level 2 Award for Pool Lifeguard Un-programmed sessions are prohibited in school pools. There are procedures in place for the use of the pool by the public and the supervision of children under 8. Disabilities/Additional Needs 15

131 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix A: Model Risk Assessment for a school visit to a public pool September 2015 HAZARD Dealing with persons with additional needs HAZARD [1 5] PROBABILITY [1 5] RISK [1 25] MEASURES THAT SHOULD BE IN PLACE TO REDUCE THE RISK An individual written risk assessment has been made for all users of the pool who have disabilities/special needs. ARE ADDITIONAL MEASURES NECESSARY (if yes, please specify) If persons with special needs, or mobility difficulties, use the pool suitable hoisting equipment is available and sufficient additional helpers will be present, including 1:1 supervision, if required. Where manual support is provided in the water by additional adults, care needs to be taken to: - Avoid embarrassment to student or adult - Ensure support is provided in an appropriate form (refer to Appendix J, ASA Guidance Teaching in the Water and the Handling of Children ) Manual handling and lifting of persons Severely disabled pupils must never be manually lifted in and out of pools by staff and should only enter the pool where appropriate hoists have been provided with suitably trained operators available All persons involved in lifting persons with mobility difficulties in and out of the pool receive training and refresher training in back care and the use of the hoist, slings and other lifting equipment. All hoists and slings are examined and inspected by a competent person every six months and records of these inspections are kept? All slings are cleaned and laundered regularly. Relevant Medical Conditions Group leaders need to ensure that they are fully briefed about any potentially life-threatening medical conditions affecting their pupils including what signs they should be looking for and what action they need to take, such as whether there needs to be one-to-one supervision in the pool. This should not 16

132 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix A: Model Risk Assessment for a school visit to a public pool September 2015 HAZARD HAZARD [1 5] PROBABILITY [1 5] RISK [1 25] MEASURES THAT SHOULD BE IN PLACE TO REDUCE THE RISK compromise the numbers of qualified members of staff on poolside; the additional adult (DBS checked, confident in water and able to swim) does not need to be qualified but is aware of the Pool NOP and EAP. Refer also to Appendix J. ARE ADDITIONAL MEASURES NECESSARY (if yes, please specify) The emergency evacuation of this group has been considered and recorded in the Emergency Action Plan. - All staff on poolside aware of all known medical conditions prior to the commencement of the lesson - Written permission must be obtained before pupils can take part - Pupils must be supervised carefully and by a responsible adult. This may require additional staff to aid in supervision - Pupils with epilepsy require careful observation, as shimmering water or flickering lights may trigger a seizure - asthma inhalers labelled and brought onto poolside by swimmer. They must have a designated Spotter on poolside. - Diabetes medication labelled and brought onto poolside - Allergy medication labelled and brought onto poolside If the pool is used by persons with Epilepsy, there is a documented policy in the Normal Operating Procedure, and the evacuation of this group has been documented in the Emergency Action Plan? 17

133 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix A: Model Risk Assessment for a school visit to a public pool September 2015 School Name of Assessor Position Assessment Date Approved by Approval Date Review Date Assessment Reference No Indoor/Outdoor Pool Width Depth Principal Disinfectant NB. RISK ASSESSMENT IS A CONTINUOUS PROCESS SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN THE WORKING ENVIRONMENT REQUIRES A RE-ASSESSMENT OF THE WORK. Date of Review Reviewed by Approved by Date of Approval 18

134 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix B: Model Risk Assessment School Swimming Pools (Indoor Pools) September 2015 Appendix B BUCKINGHAMSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL - SCHOOL SWIMMING POOLS MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH AND SAFETY AT WORK REGULATIONS 1999 MODEL RISK ASSESSMENT - SCHOOL SWIMMING POOLS (INDOOR) The Risk Assessment is to be signed by a senior member of the School Management Team and/or Governors, and must be reviewed, signed and dated on an annual basis. The Normal Operating Procedure and Emergency Action Plans are compiled from the findings of a Risk Assessment, and therefore, there may be alterations that need to be made to meet individual schools operations. Once set and agreed, the NOP and EAP must be made available to all members of staff accompanying pupils to their school swimming lesson and those who may be required to operate or manage the swimming pool and its use, and their understanding of its use be tested. Assessor and Date Approval and Date Adopted as School Policy and Date Initial Risk Assessment: NOP/EAP: Review #1 Review #2 Review #3 Review #4 Review #5 1

135 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix B: Model Risk Assessment School Swimming Pools (Indoor Pools) September 2015 HAZARD What hazards exist to health and/or safety? (Severity) The severity/type of the injury that is likely to be sustained: 1. Negligible injury 2. Minor injury 3. Major injury 4. Fatality 5. Multiple fatalities PROBABILITY What risks do they pose to employees and other persons? (Likelihood) The likelihood and/or frequency that an accident will occur. 1 Remote possibility 2 Unlikely 3 Possible 4 Very likely 5 Certainty RISK : The product of the Severity Rating and the Likelihood Rating and gives a Risk Factor score out of 25. The higher the score the greater the priority for action. Hazard Factor X Probability Factor = RISK Likelihood v Severity > The pool risk assessment checklist is based on the guidance on the Health and Safety Executive Book. Managing Health and Safety in Pools HS (G) 179. A suggested Hazard score is included in brackets at the end of the hazard. Numbers over 7 need urgent action to eliminate the risk. 2

136 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix B: Model Risk Assessment School Swimming Pools (Indoor Pools) September 2015 HAZARD HAZARD PROBABILITY RISK MEASURES THAT SHOULD BE IN PLACE TO REDUCE THE RISK ARE ADDITIONAL MEASURES NECESSARY [1 5] [1 5] [1 25] GENERAL SWIMMING: Accident and Incident Prevention and Reporting: All accidents, incidents and near misses reported in accordance with County Council procedures via the ANT System and further reported to the HSE under the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR) The pool rules prominently displayed at two separate points in the pool hall/compound. A notice is prominently displayed indicating that the pool must not be use if the bottom of it is not visible at all points. All class sizes within the ASA/IMSPA Guidelines on Safe Supervision in Swimming. Are employees competent to carry out their duties? All staff who teach swimming in shallow tank pools (no deeper than 1.2M), have completed, as a minimum, the ASA NCTP Fundamentals of School Swimming Course. For pools deeper than 1.2M, they should work alongside a qualified ASA Level 2 UKCC Swimming Teacher. Secondary School PE Specialists working in pools deeper than 1.2M should have a minimum of ASA NCTP Fundamentals in the National Curriculum, working alongside an ASA Level 2 UKCC Swimming Teacher 3

137 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix B: Model Risk Assessment School Swimming Pools (Indoor Pools) September 2015 HAZARD HAZARD PROBABILITY RISK MEASURES THAT SHOULD BE IN PLACE TO REDUCE THE RISK ARE ADDITIONAL MEASURES NECESSARY [1 5] [1 5] [1 25] At least 2 members of staff on poolside in pools no deeper than 1.2M take, as a minimum, the Bucks Shallow Tank Rescue Course (renewable every two years) In pools deeper than 1.2M at least two members of staff hold a minimum of National Rescue Award for Swimming Teachers and Coaches (NRASTC) for programmed sessions only There is a clear policy in place for adequate removal of a person with a suspected final injury form the pool. A lifeguard chair is provided to give the lifeguard clear vision of all parts of the pool. Protecting children: Children are monitored while changing. Un-Programmed Sessions All staff and observers been DBS checked, and formal checks have been made of the details of the hirer s childprotection policies. Un-programmed sessions are prohibited in school swimming owing to their unpredictable nature. There are procedures in place for the use of the pool by the public and the supervision of children under 8. Disabilities/Additional Needs Dealing with persons with additional needs An individual written risk assessment has been made for all users of the pool who have disabilities/additional needs. 4

138 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix B: Model Risk Assessment School Swimming Pools (Indoor Pools) September 2015 HAZARD HAZARD PROBABILITY RISK MEASURES THAT SHOULD BE IN PLACE TO REDUCE THE RISK ARE ADDITIONAL MEASURES NECESSARY [1 5] [1 5] [1 25] If persons with additional needs, or mobility difficulties, use the pool suitable hoisting equipment is available and sufficient additional helpers will be present, including 1:1 supervision, if required. Manual handling and lifting of persons All persons involved in lifting persons with mobility difficulties in and out of the pool receive training and refresher training in back care and the use of the hoist, slings and other lifting equipment. All hoists and slings are examined and inspected by a competent person every six months and records of these inspections are kept? Relevant Medical Conditions All slings are cleaned and laundered regularly. Group leaders need to ensure that they are fully briefed about any potentially life-threatening medical conditions affecting their pupils including what signs they should be looking for and what action they need to take, such as whether there needs to be one-to-one supervision in the pool. This should not compromise the numbers of qualified members of staff on poolside; the additional adult (DBS checked, confident in water and able to swim) does not need to be qualified but is aware of the Pool NOP and EAP. Refer also to Appendix J. The emergency evacuation of this group has been considered and recorded in the Emergency Action Plan. - All staff on poolside aware of all known medical conditions prior to the commencement of the lesson - Written permission must be obtained before pupils can take part 5

139 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix B: Model Risk Assessment School Swimming Pools (Indoor Pools) September 2015 HAZARD HAZARD PROBABILITY RISK MEASURES THAT SHOULD BE IN PLACE TO REDUCE THE RISK ARE ADDITIONAL MEASURES NECESSARY [1 5] [1 5] [1 25] - Pupils must be supervised carefully and by a responsible adult. This may require additional staff to aid in supervision - Pupils with epilepsy require careful observation, as shimmering water or flickering lights may trigger a seizure -asthma inhalers labelled and brought onto poolside by swimmer. They must have a designated Spotter on poolside. - Diabetes medication labelled and brought onto poolside - Allergy medication labelled and brought onto poolside Epilepsy: The emergency evacuation of this group has been considered and recorded in the Emergency Action Plan Pupils with epilepsy must have a spotter on poolside If the pool is used by persons with Epilepsy, there is a documented policy in the Normal Operating Procedure, and the evacuation of this group has been documented in the Emergency Action Plan POOL SECURITY: Can unauthorised persons gain access to the pool, or ancillary areas? Indoor pools: The pool hall kept locked when not in use. There a list of authorised key holders, and an emergency key kept in a secure location known to authorised persons. Danger Deep Water signs complying with the Safety Signs and Signals Regulations displayed on the outside 6

140 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix B: Model Risk Assessment School Swimming Pools (Indoor Pools) September 2015 HAZARD HAZARD PROBABILITY RISK MEASURES THAT SHOULD BE IN PLACE TO REDUCE THE RISK ARE ADDITIONAL MEASURES NECESSARY [1 5] [1 5] [1 25] of the fence? POOL SURROUND AND BATHER CIRCULATION: Indoor Pools: The pool protected by a CCTV camera? Indoor Pools: Are there any structural or design conditions that could become hazardous? Where access to the pool hall or pool area is located close to deep water (deeper than 1.2 metres) a barrier is in place to minimise the risk of non-swimmers being falling or jumping into deep water? The ceiling is in sound condition, with no loose material? Danger Deep Water signs complying with the Safety Signs and Signals Regulations displayed on the pool hall walls. Is there adequate lighting? There is an adequate mix of natural and artificial lighting. The pool surface is free of glare from the either natural or artificial lighting. All lighting units are appropriate for use in a pool area, and are adequately protected against moisture. Are bathers exposed to any hazards in the pool hall? The pool hall walls adjacent to wet circulation areas up to 2m above the floor are in sound condition and free of sharp or abrasive areas. Any pool equipment which might cause injury to bathers is stored safely at all times. 7

141 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix B: Model Risk Assessment School Swimming Pools (Indoor Pools) September 2015 HAZARD HAZARD PROBABILITY RISK MEASURES THAT SHOULD BE IN PLACE TO REDUCE THE RISK ARE ADDITIONAL MEASURES NECESSARY [1 5] [1 5] [1 25] Is there any possibility of scalds or burns to bathers? Any low level radiators or heating pipes below 2m around the perimeter of the pool which could cause burns or scalds are protected. Are there any trip hazards? The pool surround is of adequate width and unobstructed. Any steps in the pool hall (indoor pools), are clearly defined and in sound condition. Any flights of steps in the pool hall are they provided with appropriate handrails. Any ramps in the pool hall do not have a gradient of less than 1 in 15. Pool Signage: All safety signage must comply with the Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) Regulations 1996 and made of robust weather resistant material. They should also be of an appropriate size to be visible from any position in the pool compound including to people with visual impairment. The exit from the pool hall is clearly signed with an approved sign. The fire exit(s) from the pool hall are clearly signed, with approved illuminated signs (indoor pools). 8

142 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix B: Model Risk Assessment School Swimming Pools (Indoor Pools) September 2015 HAZARD HAZARD PROBABILITY RISK MEASURES THAT SHOULD BE IN PLACE TO REDUCE THE RISK ARE ADDITIONAL MEASURES NECESSARY [1 5] [1 5] [1 25] In pool halls which are used after lighting up time, emergency lighting is provided and is regularly checked. The following signs prominently displayed in the pool hall/compound:- No Diving No Bombing No Running Deep End Shallow End Pool water depth In the case of a deep water pool, of variable depth and/or sudden slopes, a pool profile is clearly displayed at the side(s) of the pool with depths indicated. The deep water area is clearly indicated to nonswimmers. Pool Outlets: Is there a possibility of entrapment, or vortex formation? All outlets protected by a grill with a mesh size of less than 8mm to prevent entrapment, and are securely fixed to the outlet so that it cannot be removed. There at least two outlet grilles on each suction line to prevent excessive pressure causing entrapment if one is covered. (If there is only one outlet grille on a suction line, it is covered with a suitable grill to prevent entrapment and Vortex formation if it is covered by a person s body. It has been tested in accordance with PAS 39: 2003, to ensure 9

143 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix B: Model Risk Assessment School Swimming Pools (Indoor Pools) September 2015 HAZARD HAZARD PROBABILITY RISK MEASURES THAT SHOULD BE IN PLACE TO REDUCE THE RISK ARE ADDITIONAL MEASURES NECESSARY [1 5] [1 5] [1 25] that there is no risk of hair entanglement. PHYSICAL STRUCTURE: Pool Interior (Flooring/Lining) The water velocity at the outlets less than 0.5 metre/second. There are no sharp or exposed edges to the tiled finish; nor broken or missing tiles, including at tile expansion joint positions. The pool floor is in sound condition, free from abrasive surfaces, sharp edges and is not slippery Pool Edge Definition: The pool edge is well defined and colour contrasted with the pool surround or pool tank edge. Handrails and Rest Ledges: Any rest ledges or handrails are secure and free of limb traps. Pool Access Steps/Ladders: Pool access ladders are securely mounted, free of excessive movement or gaps in which limbs could be trapped. The ladders are positioned to prevent risk of trapping between the ladder and the pool side Blind Spots: Any concealed areas, or blind spots, are covered by existing lifeguard positions. Where permanent starting platforms, or underwater projecting features or fittings are fitted, adequate supervision and controls are in place. 10

144 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix B: Model Risk Assessment School Swimming Pools (Indoor Pools) September 2015 HAZARD HAZARD PROBABILITY RISK MEASURES THAT SHOULD BE IN PLACE TO REDUCE THE RISK ARE ADDITIONAL MEASURES NECESSARY [1 5] [1 5] [1 25] WATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS: Pool Plant Room Security Is the plant room adequately ventilated? The plant room is well ventilated either by air bricks, grilles or by louvres in the door itself. Can the plant room be accessed by unauthorised persons? The plant room door robust and secure. Is the plant room safe and secure? There is a list of authorised key holders, and there is an emergency key kept in a secure location, known only to authorised persons. The plant room floor in sound condition, level, not slippery, unobstructed and clean. Any changes in level are clearly indicated? The door step to the plant room is in sound condition and marked with yellow non-slip paint to make it clearly visible. The door to the plant room can be fastened open, when in use, to facilitate good ventilation? Plant Room Procedures: The plant room is lit with corrosion, damp resistant lighting, and is decorated with a light coloured paint to enhance visibility. Is there any form of communication whilst in the Emergency communication is available so that help can be summoned in an emergency. 11

145 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix B: Model Risk Assessment School Swimming Pools (Indoor Pools) September 2015 HAZARD HAZARD PROBABILITY RISK MEASURES THAT SHOULD BE IN PLACE TO REDUCE THE RISK ARE ADDITIONAL MEASURES NECESSARY plant room? [1 5] [1 5] [1 25] Is the operators protected from electricity and chemicals? The electrical supply to the plant room been tested within the past year and a current test certificate or sticker is available. All electrical switchgear and cable suitable is protected from damage. A chemical spill kit is available in a holdall in an easily accessible location. A dustpan and brush for solids and a container with lid to place spills in after clean-up. Filter backwashing is only carried out at the end of the day when there are no implications for bathers and the bed has a chance to settle. There are written procedures for changing the strainer baskets, and the full backwash procedure, displayed on the plant room wall? Water Treatment Standards: Chemical safety Chemical injection points and lines are clearly labelled and protected where appropriate. Acid and disinfectant points as far apart as possible? (Min 1.5m) A water test is taken at least once every three hours each day. The first water test is taken prior to use of the pool every day. Ensuring the quality of pool Chemical levels are maintained in accordance with 12

146 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix B: Model Risk Assessment School Swimming Pools (Indoor Pools) September 2015 HAZARD HAZARD PROBABILITY RISK MEASURES THAT SHOULD BE IN PLACE TO REDUCE THE RISK ARE ADDITIONAL MEASURES NECESSARY water is fit for use. [1 5] [1 5] [1 25] PWTAG recommendations. Bacteriological safety Bacteriological testing of the pool water takes place to prevent risks from micro-organisms, in accordance with PWTAG recommendations. Personal Protective Equipment: A holdall is provided for each pool operator to store their personal protective equipment. The following items of PPE are available to the pool operator:- A full face mask respirator, with (A2, B2, E2, K2 P3) cartridge(s) in good condition, still effective and in date. PVC gauntlets which fit the operator, in good condition, without holes and clean. Clean/transparent chemical goggles in good condition. A clean chemical proof apron or overall. Wellington boots that fit the pool carer. EN FFP2 toxic disposable toxic dust masks. Ear defenders are available. A first aid box is available in a prominent and readily accessible position and is adequately stocked with supplies that are in date. An eyewash station, readily accessible to the plant operator, with eyewash bottles that are unopened and in date. 13

147 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix B: Model Risk Assessment School Swimming Pools (Indoor Pools) September 2015 HAZARD HAZARD PROBABILITY RISK MEASURES THAT SHOULD BE IN PLACE TO REDUCE THE RISK ARE ADDITIONAL MEASURES NECESSARY [1 5] [1 5] [1 25] Pool Test Kit: Electrical testing equipment The pool test kit kept in a known location where it is not likely to be accidentally damaged. It is kept clean and in good working order. If a photometer is used, it has been calibrated within the past year and the calibration certificate is available. Adequate quantities of pool testing tablets available, and are in date:- * DPD No 1 * DPD No 3 * Phenol Red * Cyanuric Acid * Total Alkalinity * Calcium Hardness A total dissolved solids meter available, and has it been calibrated within the past year. A pool thermometer is available. Pool Test Records: Retention and availability of records. An approved, standard form for recording pool chemical test records are used, and are kept in a safe place, plant room where they are not likely to be damaged by water. They are available for inspection. Microbiological tests carried out by an independent approved UKAS registered contractor and the records are kept available for inspection. 14

148 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix B: Model Risk Assessment School Swimming Pools (Indoor Pools) September 2015 HAZARD HAZARD PROBABILITY RISK MEASURES THAT SHOULD BE IN PLACE TO REDUCE THE RISK ARE ADDITIONAL MEASURES NECESSARY [1 5] [1 5] [1 25] Pool Chemicals: All records are kept on file for at least five years. C.O.S.H.H. and Safety Data Sheets The operator is aware of all the chemicals used in the plant room. There is a written procedure for the handling and storage of pool chemicals. There is an up to date inventory and location of all pool chemicals stocks held. Supplier s Safety Data Sheets are available for all chemicals stocked at point of use and in the school office. COSHH Risk Assessments are available for all chemicals stocked at point of use and in the school office. Safe storage of chemicals Chemicals are stored away from public areas and ventilation inlets. Dry chemicals in storage are raised off the floor. Pool chemicals are stored securely in a cool, dry, well ventilated place, and are protected from bright sunlight and heat sources. Chemicals are stored in their original containers, clearly labelled with the name of the substance and the appropriate hazard warning sign. Incompatible chemicals are stored in separate, lockable, clearly labelled, robust containers to minimise the 15

149 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix B: Model Risk Assessment School Swimming Pools (Indoor Pools) September 2015 HAZARD HAZARD PROBABILITY RISK MEASURES THAT SHOULD BE IN PLACE TO REDUCE THE RISK ARE ADDITIONAL MEASURES NECESSARY [1 5] [1 5] [1 25] chances of accidental mixing. Any liquid chemicals stocks are bunded against leaks with bunds of capacity greater than 110% of the volume of liquid stored. Disposal of chemical containers All chemical spillages cleared up immediately. Any empty chemical containers stored safely and disposed of as soon as possible after they become empty? Arrangements are in place for the safe disposal of any unwanted chemicals via a licensed waste contractor. Clothing: Cultural or Religious requirements Goggles - One piece costumes - Tight swim trunks or shorts no Bermuda style shorts - Children with long hair should wear caps to prevent vision being affected - Correct balance between safety, cultural requirements and the need to be able to see the limb movements of students - As required by Bucks Safe Practice in Swimming Policy, pupils wishing to wear goggles must bring a letter signed by parents giving consent (See Appendix G for sample letter) - Pupils must have been taught to put on and take off goggles in the correct and safe fashion (i.e. to ensure protection of eyes from impact damage through stretching the eyepieces away from the face with wet fingers) - Goggles should be British Standards Institution (BSI) goggles which include makes such as Speedo or Zoggs. - On occasions pupils will be asked to remove their 16

150 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix B: Model Risk Assessment School Swimming Pools (Indoor Pools) September 2015 HAZARD HAZARD PROBABILITY RISK MEASURES THAT SHOULD BE IN PLACE TO REDUCE THE RISK ARE ADDITIONAL MEASURES NECESSARY [1 5] [1 5] [1 25] goggles in activities. order to safely perform certain aquatic SPECIFIC ACTIVIITIES Diving Teaching Personal Survival and Lifesaving Skills Teaching Water Polo Teaching Synchronised Swimming Teachers hold relevant qualifications to teach diving. - Refer to Bucks Safe Practice in School Swimming 2015 and also to AfPE Safe Practice in Physical Education and Sport 2012 for water depths, entries and progression for diving. Goggles should not be worn when learning to dive. - Ensure pupils are competent at skills without additional clothing before introducing clothing - Caution applied when introducing clothing in the water (e.g. introduce clothing gradually; appropriate depth) - Contact rescues should not be taught to children under 13 years of age - Increase depth at which swimmers climb out gradually. - No goggles to be worn (risk of ball hitting eyes) - Play in depth appropriate to swimming ability - Spacing with balls - Water polo hats to be worn where possible (ear protectors) - Short games - Smaller/lighter balls - Use of aids where required - Use of aids where required - Depth appropriate to ability - Ensure synchronised swimming jumps/stepped entries have been approved by qualified Swimming Teacher and are supervised at all times (refer to safe depths for feet first entries: Bucks Safe Practice in Swimming 17

151 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix B: Model Risk Assessment School Swimming Pools (Indoor Pools) September 2015 HAZARD HAZARD PROBABILITY RISK MEASURES THAT SHOULD BE IN PLACE TO REDUCE THE RISK ARE ADDITIONAL MEASURES NECESSARY [1 5] [1 5] [1 25] Policy 2015 and Safe Practice in Physical Education and Sport 2012, ) Timed swims/core Tasks - Be vigilant to tired swimmers who may be overtaxing their physical strength and swimming ability (risk of hyperventilation) NB. RISK ASSESSMENT IS A CONTINUOUS PROCESS SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN THE WORKING ENVIRONMENT REQUIRES A RE-ASSESSMENT OF THE WORK. Date of Review Reviewed by Approved by Date of Approval School Name of Assessor Position Assessment Date Approved by Approval Date Review Date Assessment Reference No Indoor/Outdoor Pool Width Depth Principal Disinfectant 18

152 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix C: Model Swimming Pool Risk Assessment (Outdoor) September 2015 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL - SCHOOL SWIMMING POOLS Appendix C MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH AND SAFETY AT WORK REGULATIONS 1999 MODEL RISK ASSESSMENT - SCHOOL SWIMMING POOL (OUTDOOR - NO DEEPER THAN 1.2M) The Risk Assessment is to be signed by a senior member of the School Management Team and/or Governors, and must be reviewed, signed and dated on an annual basis. The Normal Operating Procedure and Emergency Action Plans are compiled from the findings of a Risk Assessment, and therefore, there may be alterations that need to be made to meet individual schools operations. Once set and agreed, the NOP and EAP must be made available to all members of staff accompanying pupils to their school swimming lesson, and those who may be required to operate or manage the swimming pool and its use, and their understanding of its use be tested. Assessor and Date Approval and Date Adopted as School Policy and Date Initial Risk Assessment: NOP/EAP: Review #1 Review #2 Review #3 Review #4 Review #5 1

153 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix C: Model Swimming Pool Risk Assessment (Outdoor) September 2015 HAZARD PROBABILITY RISK : What hazards exist to health and/or safety? (Severity) The severity/type of the injury that is likely to be sustained: 1. Negligible injury 2. Minor injury 3. Major injury 4. Fatality 5. Multiple fatalities What risks do they pose to employees and other persons? (Likelihood) The likelihood and/or frequency that an accident will occur. 1 Remote possibility 2 Unlikely 3 Possible 4 Very likely 5 Certainty The product of the Severity Rating and the Likelihood Rating and gives a Risk Factor score out of 25. The higher the score the greater the priority for action. Hazard Factor X Probability Factor = RISK Likelihood v Severity > The pool risk assessment checklist is based on the guidance on the Health and Safety Executive Book. Managing Health and Safety in Swimming Pools HS (G) 179. A suggested Hazard score is included in brackets at the end of the hazard. Numbers over 7 need urgent action to eliminate the risk. 2

154 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix C: Model Swimming Pool Risk Assessment (Outdoor) September 2015 HAZARD HAZARD [1 5] PROBABILITY [1 5] RISK [1 25] MEASURES THAT SHOULD BE IN PLACE TO REDUCE THE RISK ARE ADDITIONAL MEASURES NECESSARY GENERAL SWIMMING: Accident and Incident Prevention and Reporting: All accidents, incidents and near misses reported in accordance with County Council procedures via the ANT System and further reported to the HSE under the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR) The pool rules are prominently displayed at two separate points in the pool hall/compound. A notice is prominently displayed indicating that the pool must not be use if the bottom of it is not visible at all points. All class sizes are within the ASA Guidelines on Safe Supervision in Swimming. Are employees competent to carry out their duties? All staff who teach swimming in shallow tank pools (no deeper than 1.2M), have completed, as a minimum, the ASA NCTP Fundamentals of School Swimming Course. All staff who teach swimming take, as a minimum, the Bucks Shallow Tank Rescue Course (renewable every two years) There is a clear policy in place for adequate removal of a person with a suspected final injury form the pool. A lifeguard chair is provided to give the lifeguard clear vision of all parts of the pool. Protecting children: Children are monitored while changing. All staff and observers have been DBS checked, and formal checks have been made of the details of the hirer s child protection policies. Un-Programmed Sessions Un-programmed sessions during school swimming are prohibited owing to their unpredictable nature 3

155 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix C: Model Swimming Pool Risk Assessment (Outdoor) September 2015 HAZARD HAZARD [1 5] PROBABILITY [1 5] RISK [1 25] MEASURES THAT SHOULD BE IN PLACE TO REDUCE THE RISK ARE ADDITIONAL MEASURES NECESSARY There are procedures in place for the use of the pool by the public and the supervision of children under 8. Disabilities/Additional Needs An individual written risk assessment has been made for all users of the pool who have disabilities/special needs. Dealing with persons with additional needs If persons with additional needs, or mobility difficulties, use the pool suitable hoisting equipment is available and sufficient additional helpers will be present, including 1:1 supervision, if required. Manual handling and lifting All persons involved in lifting persons with mobility difficulties in and out of the pool receive training and refresher training in back care and the use of the hoist, slings and other lifting equipment. All hoists and slings are examined and inspected by a competent person every six months and records of these inspections are kept? All slings are cleaned and laundered regularly. Relevant Medical Conditions The emergency evacuation of this group has been considered and recorded in the Emergency Action Plan? Group leaders need to ensure that they are fully briefed about any potentially life-threatening medical conditions affecting their pupils including what signs they should be looking for and what action they need to take, such as whether there needs to be one-to-one supervision in the pool. This should not compromise the numbers of qualified members of staff on poolside; the additional adult (DBS checked, confident in water and able to swim) does not need to be qualified but is aware of the Pool NOP and EAP. Refer also to Appendix J. 4

156 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix C: Model Swimming Pool Risk Assessment (Outdoor) September 2015 HAZARD HAZARD [1 5] PROBABILITY [1 5] RISK [1 25] MEASURES THAT SHOULD BE IN PLACE TO REDUCE THE RISK The emergency evacuation of this group has been considered and recorded in the Emergency Action Plan. ARE ADDITIONAL MEASURES NECESSARY - All staff on poolside aware of all known medical conditions prior to the commencement of the lesson - Written permission must be obtained before pupils can take part - Pupils must be supervised carefully and by a responsible adult. This may require additional staff to aid in supervision - Pupils with epilepsy require careful observation, as shimmering water or flickering lights may trigger a seizure -asthma inhalers labelled and brought onto poolside by swimmer. They must have a designated Spotter on poolside. - Diabetes medication labelled and brought onto poolside - Allergy medication labelled and brought onto poolside Epilepsy: If the pool is used by persons with Epilepsy, there is a documented policy in the Normal Operating Procedure, and the evacuation of this group has been documented in the Emergency Action Plan Pupils with epilepsy must have a spotter on poolside. POOL SECURITY: Can unauthorised persons gain access to the pool, or ancillary areas? The pool is surrounded by a substantial fence at least 1.8 metres in height. The fence is provided with a lockable gate and the gate and fence are in sound condition with no gaps or splinters visible? The pool compound kept locked when not in use. There a list of authorised key holders and an emergency key kept in a secure location known to authorised persons. 5

157 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix C: Model Swimming Pool Risk Assessment (Outdoor) September 2015 HAZARD HAZARD [1 5] PROBABILITY [1 5] RISK [1 25] MEASURES THAT SHOULD BE IN PLACE TO REDUCE THE RISK ARE ADDITIONAL MEASURES NECESSARY Danger Deep Water signs complying with the Safety Signs and Signals Regulations displayed on the pool hall walls. The pool is protected by a CCTV camera? POOL SURROUND AND BATHER CIRCULATION: Are there any structural or design conditions that could become hazardous? Any steps in the pool compound (outdoor pools) are they in sound condition and highlighted with non-slip yellow paint. Any flights of steps in the pool compound are provided with a handrail. Any ramps in the pool compound are of a gradient less than 1 in 15. Are there any trip hazards? All paving slabs in the pool compound are level, in sound condition (no cracks), adequately grouted, not slippery and are without weeds growing in the cracks between them Is there a risk of cross contamination from nonusers? Areas designated for bathers and areas designated for spectators are clearly separated and marked with a yellow line. Any seating provided for spectators is in sound condition and position so it does not obstruct the view of the pool for supervisory teachers and lifeguards. Pool covers can present hazards. The ends of the pool cover rollers are firmly secured in the supports so they cannot jump out. The area around the pool cover rollers is marked Out of bounds to pupils. Any protrusions from the pool cover roller mechanism which could 6

158 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix C: Model Swimming Pool Risk Assessment (Outdoor) September 2015 HAZARD HAZARD [1 5] PROBABILITY [1 5] RISK [1 25] MEASURES THAT SHOULD BE IN PLACE TO REDUCE THE RISK cause injury to passers by are covered, guarded or cordoned off. ARE ADDITIONAL MEASURES NECESSARY A written manual handling risk assessment been produced for the deployment and removal of the pool covers. There is a written procedure in place for the regular cleaning of the pool covers, and records are kept of when they are cleaned. A winter cover is provided during the period when the pool is not in use to help keep it clean. Pool Signage: All safety signage must comply with the Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) Regulations 1996 and made of robust weather resistant material. They should also be of an appropriate size to be visible from any position in the pool compound including to people with visual impairment. The exit from the pool compound is clearly signed with an approved sign. In pool halls which are used after lighting up time, emergency lighting is provided and is regularly checked. The following signs prominently displayed in the pool hall/compound:- No Diving No Bombing No Running Deep End Shallow End Pool water depth 7

159 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix C: Model Swimming Pool Risk Assessment (Outdoor) September 2015 HAZARD HAZARD [1 5] PROBABILITY [1 5] RISK [1 25] MEASURES THAT SHOULD BE IN PLACE TO REDUCE THE RISK ARE ADDITIONAL MEASURES NECESSARY In the case of a deep water pool, of variable depth and/or sudden slopes, a pool profile is clearly displayed at the side(s) of the pool with depths indicated. The deep water area is clearly indicated to non-swimmers. Pool Outlets: Is there a possibility of entrapment, or vortex formation? All outlets protected by a grill with a mesh size of less than 8mm to prevent entrapment, and is securely fixed to the outlet so that it cannot be removed. There at least two outlet grilles on each suction line to prevent excessive pressure causing entrapment if one is covered. (If there is only one outlet grille on a suction line, it is covered with a suitable grill to prevent entrapment and vortex formation if it is covered by a person s body. It has been tested in accordance with PAS 39: 2003, to ensure that there is no risk of hair entanglement. The water velocity at the outlets less than 0.5 metre/second. PHYSICAL STRUCTURE: Pool Interior (Flooring/Lining) There are no sharp or exposed edges to the tiled finish; nor broken or missing tiles, including at tile expansion joint positions. The pool floor is in sound condition, free from abrasive surfaces, sharp edges and is not slippery Pool Edge Definition: The pool edge is well defined and colour contrasted with the pool surround or pool tank edge. Handrails and Rest Ledges: Any rest ledges or handrails are secure and free of limb traps. Pool Access Steps/Ladders: Pool access ladders are securely mounted, free of excessive movement or gaps in which limbs could be trapped. 8

160 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix C: Model Swimming Pool Risk Assessment (Outdoor) September 2015 HAZARD HAZARD [1 5] PROBABILITY [1 5] RISK [1 25] MEASURES THAT SHOULD BE IN PLACE TO REDUCE THE RISK ARE ADDITIONAL MEASURES NECESSARY The ladders are positioned to prevent risk of trapping between the ladder and the pool side. Blind Spots: Any concealed areas, or blind spots, are covered by existing lifeguard positions. Where permanent starting platforms, or underwater projecting features or fittings are fitted, adequate supervision and controls are in place. WATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS: Pool Plant Room Security Can the plant room be accessed by unauthorised persons? The plant room door robust and secure. There is a list of authorised key holders, and there is an emergency key kept in a secure location, known only to authorised persons. Is the plant room safe and secure? The plant room floor in sound condition, level, not slippery, unobstructed and clean. Any changes in level are clearly indicated? The door step to the plant room is in sound condition and marked with yellow non-slip paint to make it clearly visible. The plant room is well ventilated either by air bricks, grilles or by louvres in the door itself. The door to the plant room can be fastened open, when in use, to facilitate good ventilation? The plant room is lit with corrosion, damp resistant lighting, and is decorated with a light coloured paint to enhance visibility. 9

161 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix C: Model Swimming Pool Risk Assessment (Outdoor) September 2015 HAZARD Plant Room Procedures: HAZARD [1 5] PROBABILITY [1 5] RISK [1 25] MEASURES THAT SHOULD BE IN PLACE TO REDUCE THE RISK ARE ADDITIONAL MEASURES NECESSARY Is there any form of communication whilst in the plant room? Emergency communication is available so that help can be summoned in an emergency. Is the operator protected from electricity? The electrical supply to the plant room been tested within the past year and a current test certificate or sticker is available. All electrical switchgear and cable suitable is protected from damage. Is the operator protected from chemicals? A chemical spill kit is available in a holdall in an easily accessible location. A dustpan and brush for solids and a container with lid to place spills in after clean-up. Filter backwashing is only carried out at the end of the day when there are no implications for bathers and the bed has a chance to settle. There are written procedures for changing the strainer baskets, and the full backwash procedure, displayed on the plant room wall? Water Treatment Standards: Chemical safety Circulation feeders are only used for the specific chemical and purpose they were designed for. Chemical injection points and lines are clearly labelled and protected. Acid and disinfectant points as far apart as possible? (Min 1.5m) Ensuring the quality of pool water is fit for use. A water test is taken at least every three hours each day. The first water test is taken prior to use of the pool every day Chemical levels are maintained in accordance with PWTAG recommendations. 10

162 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix C: Model Swimming Pool Risk Assessment (Outdoor) September 2015 HAZARD HAZARD [1 5] PROBABILITY [1 5] RISK [1 25] MEASURES THAT SHOULD BE IN PLACE TO REDUCE THE RISK ARE ADDITIONAL MEASURES NECESSARY Bacteriological safety Bacteriological testing of the pool water takes place to prevent risks from micro-organisms, in accordance with PWTAG recommendations. Personal Protective Equipment: A holdall is provided for each operator to store their personal protective equipment. The following items of PPE are available to the pool operator:- A half face mask respirator, with (A1,B1,E1,K1,P3) cartridge(s) in good condition, still effective and in date. PVC gauntlets which fit the operator, in good condition, without holes and clean. Clean/transparent chemical goggles in good condition. A clean chemical proof apron or overall. Wellington boots that fit the pool carer. EN FFP2 toxic disposable toxic dust masks. Ear defenders are available. A first aid box is available in a prominent and readily accessible position and is adequately stocked with supplies that are in date. An eyewash station, readily accessible to the plant operator and the eyewash bottles are in date Pool Test Kit: Pool testing equipment The pool test kit kept in a known location where it is not likely to be 11

163 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix C: Model Swimming Pool Risk Assessment (Outdoor) September 2015 HAZARD HAZARD [1 5] PROBABILITY [1 5] RISK [1 25] MEASURES THAT SHOULD BE IN PLACE TO REDUCE THE RISK accidentally damaged. It is kept clean and in good working order. ARE ADDITIONAL MEASURES NECESSARY If a photometer is used, it has been calibrated within the past year and the calibration certificate is available. Adequate quantities of pool testing tablets available, and are in date:- * DPD No 1 * DPD No 3 * Phenol Red * Cyanuric Acid (if using chlorinated iso-cyanurates) * Total Alkalinity * Calcium Hardness A total dissolved solids meter available, and it has been calibrated within the past year. A pool thermometer is available. Pool Test Records: Retention and availability of records. An approved, standard form for recording pool chemical test records are used, and are kept in a safe place, plant room where they are not likely to be damaged by water. They are available for inspection. Microbiological tests carried out by an independent approved UKAS registered contractor and the records are kept available for inspection. All records are kept on file for at least five years. Pool Chemicals: Safety Data Sheets for Chemicals and Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) The operator is aware of all the chemicals used in the plant room and the hazards they present. 12

164 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix C: Model Swimming Pool Risk Assessment (Outdoor) September 2015 Assessments HAZARD HAZARD [1 5] PROBABILITY [1 5] RISK [1 25] MEASURES THAT SHOULD BE IN PLACE TO REDUCE THE RISK ARE ADDITIONAL MEASURES NECESSARY There is a written procedure for the handling and storage of pool chemicals. There is an up to date inventory and location of all pool chemicals stocks held. Supplier s Safety Data Sheets are available for all chemicals stocked at point of use and in the school office. COSHH Risk Assessments are available for all chemicals stocked at point of use and in the school office. Safe storage of chemicals Chemicals are stored away from public areas and ventilation inlets. Dry chemicals in storage are raised off the floor. Pool chemicals are stored securely in a cool, dry, well ventilated place, and are protected from bright sunlight and heat sources. Chemicals are stored in their original containers, clearly labelled with the name of the substance and the appropriate hazard warning sign. Incompatible chemicals are stored in separate, lockable, clearly labelled, robust containers to minimise the chances of accidental mixing. Any liquid chemicals stocks are bunded against leaks with bunds of capacity greater than 110% of the volume of liquid stored. All chemical spillages cleared up immediately. Disposal of chemical containers Any empty chemical containers stored safely and disposed of as soon as possible after they become empty? 13

165 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix C: Model Swimming Pool Risk Assessment (Outdoor) September 2015 HAZARD HAZARD [1 5] PROBABILITY [1 5] RISK [1 25] MEASURES THAT SHOULD BE IN PLACE TO REDUCE THE RISK Arrangements are in place for the safe disposal of any unwanted chemicals via a licensed waste contractor. ARE ADDITIONAL MEASURES NECESSARY Clothing: Cultural or Religious requirements Goggles - One piece costumes - Tight swim trunks or shorts no Bermuda style shorts - Children with long hair should wear caps to prevent vision being affected - Correct balance between safety, cultural requirements and the need to be able to see the limb movements of students - As required by Bucks Safe Practice in Swimming Policy, pupils wishing to wear goggles must bring a letter signed by parents giving consent (See Appendix G for sample letter) - Pupils must have been taught to put on and take off goggles in the correct and safe fashion (i.e. to ensure protection of eyes from impact damage through stretching the eyepieces away from the face with wet fingers) - Goggles should be British Standards Institution (BSI) goggles which include makes such as Speedo or Zoggs. - On occasions pupils will be asked to remove their goggles in order to safely perform certain aquatic activities. SPECIFIC ACTIVIITIES Teachers hold relevant qualifications to teach diving. Diving - Refer to Bucks Safe Practice in School Swimming 2015 and also to AfPE Safe Practice in Physical Education and Sport 2012 for water depths, entries and progression for diving. Goggles should not be worn when learning to dive. Teaching Personal Survival and Lifesaving Skills - Ensure pupils are competent at skills without additional clothing before introducing clothing - Caution applied when introducing clothing in the water (e.g. introduce clothing gradually; appropriate depth) - Contact rescues should not be taught to children under 13 years of age - Increase depth at which swimmers climb out gradually. 14

166 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix C: Model Swimming Pool Risk Assessment (Outdoor) September 2015 HAZARD Teaching Water Polo HAZARD [1 5] PROBABILITY [1 5] RISK [1 25] MEASURES THAT SHOULD BE IN PLACE TO REDUCE THE RISK - No goggles to be worn (risk of ball hitting eyes) - Play in depth appropriate to swimming ability - Spacing with balls - Water polo hats to be worn where possible (ear protectors) - Short games - Smaller/lighter balls - Use of aids where required ARE ADDITIONAL MEASURES NECESSARY Teaching Synchronised Swimming - Use of aids where required - Depth appropriate to ability - Ensure synchronised swimming jumps/stepped entries have been approved by qualified Swimming Teacher and are supervised at all times (refer to safe depths for feet first entries: Bucks Safe Practice in Swimming Policy 2015 and AfPE Safe Practice in Physical Education and Sport 2012, ) Timed swims/core Tasks - Be vigilant to tired swimmers who may be overtaxing their physical strength and swimming ability (risk of hyperventilation) NB. RISK ASSESSMENT IS A CONTINUOUS PROCESS SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN THE WORKING ENVIRONMENT REQUIRES A RE-ASSESSMENT OF THE WORK. Date of Review Reviewed by Approved by Date of Approval 15

167 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix C: Model Swimming Pool Risk Assessment (Outdoor) September 2015 School Name of Assessor Position Assessment Date Approved by Approval Date Review Date Assessment Reference No Indoor/Outdoor Pool Width Depth Principal Disinfectant 16

168 Safe Practice in School swimming: Issue 2 Appendix D: Model Normal Operating Procedure September 2015 Appendix D MODEL NORMAL OPERATING PROCEDURE Please Note. RISK ASSESSMENT IS A CONTINUOUS PROCESS SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN THE WORKING ENVIRONMENT REQUIRES A RE-ASSESSMENT OF THE WORK AND MAY REQUIRE CHANGES TO THE NORMAL OPERATING PROCEDURE The Risk Assessment is to be signed by a senior member of the School Management Team and/or Governors, and must be reviewed, signed and dated on an annual basis. The Normal Operating Procedure and Emergency Action Plans are compiled from the findings of a Risk Assessment, and therefore, there may be alterations that need to be made to meet individual schools operations. Once set and agreed, the NOP and EAP must be made available to those who may be required to operate or manage the swimming pool and its use, and their understanding of it use be tested. Initial NOP Assessment: Assessor and Date Approval and Date Adopted as School Policy and Date Review #1 Review #2 Review #3 Review #4 Review #5 1

169 Safe Practice in School swimming: Issue 2 Appendix D: Model Normal Operating Procedure September THE POOL 1.1 Details of the Pool: [A plan of the pool, and its associated facilities (changing areas, plant room, emergency escape routes etc), should be attached as an Appendix to this document] Length of pool (metres):.... Width of pool (metres):... Depth of pool (metres) (range of depth if variable)... Sketch of pool profile (if there are sudden slope in the pool floor). Maximum Bathing Load (per hour). Maximum Bather Capacity (at any one time). 1.2 Operational Scope The Pool is normally available for use during the following times. (Please give details of when the pool is used by the school and when it is hired out if appropriate. A timetable of use may be attached as an appendix this may also include times when the pool is closed for maintenance.) Access and Egress, [including Emergency Exits] Access to the swimming pool, is made via. This access point is controlled by. The exit and emergency exits are located at the following locations 2

170 Safe Practice in School swimming: Issue 2 Appendix D: Model Normal Operating Procedure September Deep Water Pool(s) (greater than 1.2 metres) Swimmers are advised of water depths by the installation of prominent water depth signs that can be seen from the water, and the poolside. These are located. Swimmers are advised of the deep end and the shallow end of the pool by prominent signs located Swimmers are advised of the pool depth profile by a pool profile diagram prominently which is displayed. 2.0 POOL SUPERVISION ARRANGEMENTS 2.1 Supervision of Swimming Activities There must be a minimum of two qualified pool supervisors present at all times; one person must be nominated as the lead supervisor. Supervisors must be on the pool side. Staff in the water do not count in the pool supervision ratios. When dealing with minor first aid and other minor incidents that may reduce the poolside supervision ratios, the class should stop all activity and remain at the poolside until full supervision levels are resumed. Pool supervisors must carry a whistle with them at all times. Pool supervisors must be in position on the poolside before swimmers are permitted to enter the water. In addition, supervisors must remain on the pool side at the end of a session until all swimmers have left the area and the pool is secured. Supervisors should be positioned so that the pool can be scanned in 10 seconds and a casualty can be reached within approximately 20 seconds. Supervisors must work together to ensure that they monitor all areas of the pool and all pool users. They should be located on poolside so that they can achieve this and know who is looking out for which area or group of children. 2.2 Pool Rules: The following are examples of standard pool rules: (They should be adapted by the school for its own pool situation): Pupils must not enter onto the poolside unless a member of staff is present Pupils must not enter the water until instructed to do so No jewellery is to be worn in the pool No food is to be consumed on the poolside 3

171 Safe Practice in School swimming: Issue 2 Appendix D: Model Normal Operating Procedure September 2015 No running on the poolside No diving or jumping in from the side into the pool unless instructed to do so Entry and exit to the pool must be made by the steps, only No shouting in the pool No acrobatics to be performed in the pool No pushing or ducking of other swimmers No outdoor shoes are permitted on the poolside in indoor pools Swim caps must be worn Pupils must leave the pool immediately when instructed to do so by the person supervising them The pool rules will be displayed at the following points around the pool Standard Procedures for School Lessons To ensure unauthorised access the pool will be locked when not in use. Swimming will not take place until at least one hour after a meal. Before a lesson commences all emergency equipment will be in place. The person in charge of swimming will keep a register of all those participating in swimming lessons. A headcount will be taken of those entering the pool and this will be recorded. All staff responsible for teaching and pool safety should be aware of any existing health issues e.g. heart trouble, asthma, epilepsy. Ventilators should be within easy access to swimmers who may need them. Where epilepsy is totally controlled by medication no special precautions are necessary. All supervisors should carry a whistle. Swimmers must practice a simple whistle drill at the beginning of a new swimming programme One short blast - calls for attention of pool users Two short blasts - calls for the attention of a lifeguard or member of staff Three short blasts - indicates a lifeguard taking emergency action Continuous blast - means go to the side of the pool and wait for instructions. 4

172 Safe Practice in School swimming: Issue 2 Appendix D: Model Normal Operating Procedure September 2015 If the pool water becomes unclear and swimmers feet cannot be seen on the bottom of the pool all swimming activity must stop. This may be caused by the condition of the water or wind or heavy rain creating surface distortion. Swimmers must not be allowed to go back into the pool area unattended. At least two supervisors should be at the poolside before swimmers are admitted to the pool area from the changing rooms. All swimmers should be counted out of the pool at the end of the session, and a supervisor should be the last to leave locking the door behind them. 2.4 Unacceptable Behaviour Any behaviour which is deemed to be unacceptable, or is likely to put the health or safety of other persons at risk must be dealt with immediately. Standards of acceptable behaviour will be determined by the swimming supervisor. Those involved in unacceptable behaviour will be required to stop it immediately, if that behaviour continues they will be required to leave the pool. All pool activities will be stopped, until the perpetrator has left the pool. Reports of unacceptable behaviour within a private letting will be investigated by a member of school staff, and if it continues, the letting agreement may be terminated with immediate effect. 2.5 Overcrowding At no time will the maximum bathing load be exceeded. This figure is and as specified in the Details of the Pool section of this Normal Operating Procedure. 2.6 Location of Rescue Equipment The following Rescue Equipment is provided:- [Reaching poles] [Torpedo buoy] [Throwing rope] [Lifebelt] and is located at the points indicated at the side all sides of the pool when it is in use. All swimming supervisors are required to carry a whistle which they should check each day They should be within reach of one of the items of rescue equipment, at all times. 5

173 Safe Practice in School swimming: Issue 2 Appendix D: Model Normal Operating Procedure September First Aid Supplies, Training and Procedures A Pool First Aid kit is provided at (indicate the location where it is kept available):.. If a swimmer has a minor injury and requires one of the staff to deal with it then swimming activity must stop with pupils supervised at the side of the pool until both supervisors are able to resume their normal roles. One member of staff who is first aid trained and qualified, must be in attendance at the swimming pool, whenever it is in use. 2.8 Swimmers with Special Needs Provision for swimmers with special needs will be catered for in accordance with the Governments Advice and Policy for teaching swimmers with special needs, and Buckinghamshire County Council s internal policies and advisory notes. 2.9 External Lettings External hirers are made aware prior to hire of the maximum bathing load that is allowed, and that a hiring agreement is voided if that figure is exceeded The members of staff responsible for swimming shall ensure that private organisations are aware of the requirements and rules when confirming the booking. A formal application and agreement must be issued to confirm the arrangements to be in place. The organisation shall be issued with a copy of this Procedure and given a copy of the Emergency Action Plan (EAP). (Delete either Option #1 or Option #2) Option #1: The swimming pool has a maximum depth is no more than 1.2 m, and therefore external lettings are required to provide the following staffing and qualifications:- One representative of the hirer shall be on duty on the poolside at all times. Such person shall be competent to test pool water and to allow or prevent usage, based upon those readings. The hirer shall arrange to carry out a pool water test prior to and at the end of the hiring session, and record readings on the appropriate form. One representative of the hirer shall be on poolside duty at all times, taking the role of supervisor/lifeguard. That person shall be qualified to at least Swimming Teachers Association NaRS Pool Attendant standard. The swimming pool can be used only by members of a recognised group, under these provisions. Any session that allows un-programmed use of the pool, will require lifeguard staff to be qualified to RLSS NPLQ standard. 6

174 Safe Practice in School swimming: Issue 2 Appendix D: Model Normal Operating Procedure September 2015 Option #2: The swimming pool has a maximum depth in excess of 1.2m, and therefore external lettings are required to provide the following staffing and qualifications:- One representative of the hirer shall be on duty on the poolside at all times. Such person shall be competent to test pool water and to allow or prevent usage, based upon those readings. The hirer shall arrange to carry out a pool water test prior to and at the end of the hiring session, and record readings on the appropriate form. One representative of the hirer shall be on poolside duty at all times, taking the role of supervisor/lifeguard. That person shall be qualified to at least RLSS NPLQ standard. The members of staff responsible for swimming shall ensure that all qualified Lifeguards and supervisors provided by private organisations are inducted in the necessary operating procedures and emergency action. This training and their qualifications must be signed off on the hire agreement form. The members of staff responsible for swimming shall monitor club/private hire use to ensure the requirements and rules are being adhered to. All clubs shall also provide evidence of CRB checks for their personnel WATER TREATMENT AND POOL PLANT MANAGEMENT Cleaning and Hygiene: Pool Surrounds: The following regime of cleanliness is carried out around the swimming pool, to prevent the transmission of infection:- Process Frequency Litter Pick Full Clean: Rinse the poolside with pool water Scrub with deck-scrubber or stiff brush Rinse the area with pool water Soft sweep or squeegee excess water Prior to the daily use of the pool, and as required Prior to the daily use of the pool. 7

175 Safe Practice in School swimming: Issue 2 Appendix D: Model Normal Operating Procedure September 2015 Cleaning the Bottom of the Pool The pool floor is swept/vacuumed at a minimum frequency of once per week. If there is excessive foliage or detritus, the frequency is increased. Cleaning Pool Covers The pool cover will be cleaned by back-rolling, spraying and brushing with a mild disinfectant, once during each term, or before opening and immediately after the outdoor season. Legionella Control The following actions are taken to prevent the build up of standing water in pipe work, and the risk of the presence of the Legionella virus:- All showers will be run for 1-2 minutes, each day, prior to the pool being used; All showers will be subject to the County Council Water Hygiene and Legionella Management programme involving regular cleaning and descaling of the shower heads (for further information see the Legionella log); All wash-basin taps will be run for 1 2 minutes, each day, prior to the pool being used; All hose pipes will be run to drain for 2 minutes prior to be used; Domestic hot water mixer valves are included in our planned maintenance programme. Water Treatment Procedures The Swimming Pool Plant and associated services have been designed to deal with anticipated demands and loads. However, care must be taken to ensure that it is not overused. This can happen when the level of pollution being introduced exceeds the ability of the plant or the chemical treatment system to be able to deal with that pollution. Working in the Plant Room, Chemical Stores and Associated Areas The area may be hazardous owing to its remoteness from other persons due to the nature of the equipment there, and also due to the presence of potentially toxic chemicals, that may need to be handled. A lone working risk assessment has been made and should be complied with. Measures to protect members of staff whom work in the plant room have been put in place. Staff should notify.. when they are going to the pool or plant room alone and advise how long they expect to be there. They should also advise when they return from the plant room. They should take with them to the plant room some form of personal communication in case of emergency such as fully charged short wave radio, mobile phone etc. Staff must wear appropriate protective clothing when working in the plant room 8

176 Safe Practice in School swimming: Issue 2 Appendix D: Model Normal Operating Procedure September 2015 If the noise in the plant room is such that it is difficult to hear normal conversation at a distance of two metres because of the background noise then the operator should report this to their line manager. A noise risk assessment may need to be carried out. Excessive Bather Loads Bather loads are controlled by restricting use to.[number]. at any one time in the pool. During the school-day, this number is enforced by the class teacher and/or swimming assistant. For external lettings this number is included on the letting contract, and can be checked at any time by a representative of the School, or Buckinghamshire County Council. Chemical Use and Chemical Control (One of the two options below must be included, and the other must be deleted) [Option 1] We will control chemical dosing of the pool through the use of a fully automatic chemical dosing system. The probes will be cleaned weekly, and the calibration will be checked weekly, against manual testing. Chemical day tanks will be checked daily, to ensure that there is sufficient disinfectant and stabiliser available. A pool plant maintenance contract is in place with a competent contractor who will leave a record of all servicing and maintenance carried with the school when it has been completed. [Option 2] We will control chemical use through the use of a shunt feeder (trichlorinator) dosing system. The feeder will be checked daily, to ensure that there is sufficient disinfectant product available. A ph stabiliser will be added to the pool, when necessary, by mixing into a solution of, preferably, warmed water, and introducing into the pool, after the last use has been made in the day, or at a time when there is a minimum of four hours non-use, to allow the stabiliser to disperse. The principal chemicals used in the School Swimming Pool, are:- Disinfectant: Stabiliser: 9

177 Safe Practice in School swimming: Issue 2 Appendix D: Model Normal Operating Procedure September 2015 The complete list of chemicals held for use in the swimming pool, are:- Chemical name Purpose Acid/Alkali Water Testing Regime Pool water chemicals levels are tested a minimum of three times per operating day, at the times stated on the Water Test Sheet. A manual water test will be carried out at the beginning of the operating day, and at least two further times throughout the day, thereafter. If, for any reason a test cannot be carried out, the Head of the School will be informed, for exceptional arrangements to be made to carry out that test. Tests are carried out as follows:- Free Chlorine Test Parameters Frequency Carried out by Combined Chlorine Total Chlorine/Bromine ph Cyanuric Acid Total Alkalinity Calcium Hardness Total Dissolved Solids The Water Test Sheet will record the time that the test was taken. 10

178 Safe Practice in School swimming: Issue 2 Appendix D: Model Normal Operating Procedure September 2015 Should the swimming pool be used for more than the academic day, then additional tests will be taken, at three hourly intervals. The final test will be taken at the end of the operating day, to ascertain whether any chemical treatment is to be introduced. Water Test Sheets and Microbiological Test Reports will be kept for a minimum of three years. Option #1 Total Alkalinity, Calcium Hardness, and Total Dissolved Testing shall be carried out, by the School s Pool Operator, on a weekly basis. Option #2 Total Alkalinity, Calcium Hardness, and Total Dissolved Testing shall be carried out, by the School s Pool Maintenance Contractor, on each visit. Water Treatment Equipment Maintenance Filter cleaning [back-washing] will be carried out at least once per week by... This frequency will increase during time of particularly high use; excessive pollution or prolonged periods of strong sunlight. Hi-rate filters may require a minimum of twice a week backwashing. In order to allow the filter media to ripen ; i.e.: to return to its most effective condition, backwashing process will be carried out at the end of the operating day, or when there is a minimum of four hours non-use. All backwashing will be recorded on the Water Test Sheet Filters will be opened on an annual basis by the swimming pool contractor and will be inspected and filter media topped up if required. Microbiological Testing Microbiological tests are carried out on a.. basis, before opening after a significant period of closure or after a contamination incident and the results are communicated directly to the School. The Report also stipulates the acceptable standards for each test. (In pools open all year microbiological testing should be carried out monthly, after a contamination incident or after a significant period of closure. In hydrotherapy pools microbiological testing should be carried out weekly, after a contamination incident or after a significant period of closure, in seasonal pools, microbiological testing should be carried out before opening, monthly, after a contamination incident or after a significant period of closure. ) The swimming pool will be closed if unacceptable test results are received, until such time as the cause and remedial work has been carried out, and a further microbiological test has been carried out, with acceptable results. Such reports and actions will be reported to the County Council immediately. 11

179 COSHH Assessments Buckinghamshire County Council Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Safe Practice in School swimming: Issue 2 Appendix D: Model Normal Operating Procedure September 2015 The School requires its suppliers to provide an up-to-date Safety Data Sheet [SDS] with all its pool water treatment chemicals. The relevant information from the SDS is transferred onto our internal Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Sheet [COSHH]. The SDS and COSHH sheets are retained in the School s administrative office. Copies of the COSHH sheets are located where listed substances are stored and used. Personal Protective Equipment The School will provide its pool plant operators, on an individual basis, with suitable, adequate and appropriate personal protective equipment for all tasks. When dealing with swimming pool water treatment chemicals in particular, it will provide:- For all chemicals during handling, storage or use Purpose Eye/Face Protection Breathing/ Respirator Chemical resistant goggles and visor Full face respirator A2,B2,E2,K2,P3. Half mask respirator A1B1E1K1P3 respirator Chemical splashes; dust/mist/vapour Toxic gases; dust/mist/vapour Body/Skin Protection Rubber; chemical suits Chemical splashes Hands/Arms Protection Chemical impervious Gauntlets Chemical splashes Feet/Legs Protection Chemical impervious Footwear Chemical splashes; slipping; impact Emergency Conditions Fresh water supply; douche/ monsoon shower; eyewash kit Chemical splashes to eyes, exposed skin 12

180 Safe Practice in School swimming: Issue 2 Appendix D: Model Normal Operating Procedure September 2015 School Name of Assessor Position Assessment Date Approved by Approval Date Review Date Assessment Reference No 13

181 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix E: Model Emergency Action Plan September 2015 MODEL EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN Appendix E The Risk Assessment is to be signed by a senior member of the School Management Team and/or Governors, and must be reviewed, signed and dated on an annual basis. The Normal Operating Procedure and Emergency Action Plans are compiled from the findings of a Risk Assessment, and therefore, there may be alterations that need to be made to meet individual schools operations. Once set and agreed, the NOP and EAP must be made available to those who may be required to operate or manage the swimming pool and its use, and their understanding of it use be tested. Assessor and Date Approval and Date Adopted as School Policy and Date EAP Review #1 Review #2 Review #3 Review #4 Review #5 1

182 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix E: Model Emergency Action Plan September 2015 Objective and Scope The Emergency Action Plan details the specific actions to be taken in the event of any reasonably foreseeable emergency occurring. Staff and those responsible for groups using the pool under a hire agreement must all be aware of the procedures to be used and must be trained to work in accordance with the provisions included in the emergency action plan. (The emergency action plan may need adapting to the circumstances in which the hirers use the pool.) The Pool Operator has a duty to check compliance with the requirement and to regularly review the provisions made. The plan covers the following reasonably possible emergencies: serious injury to a swimmer; discovery of a casualty in the water; adverse weather, thunder and lightening in an outdoor pool; overcrowding; disorderly behaviour; pool water treatment; dealing with gross contamination; toxic emissions; chemical spillage; outbreak of fire or building evacuation; civil emergency; structural failure; lighting failure. The plan takes into account the individual characteristics of the pool and the building, any specific hazards, the number of available staff and their training, the extent and location of first aid facilities and the type and location of other emergency equipment. An emergency is a dangerous situation that occurs with little or no warning and requires an immediate response to avert the present danger or lessen the likely effect; it demands a swift and immediate response. If handled properly a minor emergency is readily contained and does not become life threatening. If not dealt with promptly and efficiently a minor emergency can escalate and become a major emergency with a risk of serious injury or death. Training and practice in these plans and procedures should take place regularly and with sufficient frequency to ensure an immediate and automatic reaction to an emergency. 2

183 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix E: Model Emergency Action Plan September 2015 Reference Documents INTERNAL Plans of the building Lifeguard Training Schedule Swimming Pools Conditions of Swimming Pool Hire PAS65 Management of Swimming Pools Staff Daily Rota General Management - Code of Practice Staff Signing In Book Pool Training Log/Attendance Register Individual Lifeguard Training Record Safe Practice in School Swimming EXTERNAL HS(G) 179 Managing Health and Safety in Swimming Pools PAS 65 Management of Swimming Pools General Management Code of Practice PWTAG Swimming Pool Water Treatment and Quality Standards for Pools and Spas BAALPE Safe Management of Physical Education and School Sports 2012 Edition Association for Physical Education. Lifeguard Training Manual National Pool Plant Operators Certificate Recognised Small Pool Plant Operator Certificate The Teacher, or other person, in Charge of Swimming, should ensure that: All staff are adequately trained in the procedures detailed hereafter. Notices are displayed to advise the general public of the arrangements Exit door, signs, alarms, fire-fighting equipment and break glass call points are regularly checked and kept free from obstruction All exit doors operate without the aid of a key whenever the premises are occupied (Named Position/person) will be responsible to take charge in the event of an emergency. (Named Position/person) will be responsible to summon the emergency services in the event of an emergency. In a public pool this is likely to be the pool staff. 3

184 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix E: Model Emergency Action Plan September 2015 In a school pool the Teacher in Charge of Swimming must ensure that when the pool is let to an external user the method of summoning the emergency services is at least as adequate as the school system, e.g. when the school office is locked and not manned. Serious Injury to a Bather Call for the assistance of another lifeguard or school staff either by operating the pool alarm system, using a two-way radio, or blowing three blasts on a whistle. Carry out appropriate first aid. In cases of serious injury, broken bones or unconsciousness the patient should not be moved until first aid has been given. Bleeding should be stopped by applying a wound dressing or, if necessary, by the direct application of pressure on an artery. All cases of head injury should be treated as serious. An ambulance will be called by (the person in charge) and the patient sat up to reduce the flow of blood to the injury. Under no circumstances should the casualty be permitted to return to the pool at any stage even if they appear to be well, as delayed concussion is a real possibility and may lead to the loss of consciousness in the pool. The person in charge will telephone for an ambulance and assist with first aid if necessary. Staff will support casualties by speaking to them confidently and reassuringly. All accidents to staff, pupils and hirers must be reported to the County Council by telephoning the County Council Contact Centre on Accidents and dangerous occurrences reportable to the Health and Safety Executive will be reported to the appropriate by following the County Council Procedure. For further information see Buckinghamshire Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Section 3.1 Accident, Incident and Near Miss Reporting and Investigation within the County Council Discovery of a Casualty in the Water Before entering the water to recover a casualty attract the attention of a lifeguard / rescuer and / or activate the pool alarm system. As soon as the alarm is activated, support staff will implement a back up action; (This needs to be detailed and to say who will do what, for example, someone will need to find out the nature of the emergency and will need to instruct an ambulance to be called, someone will need to meet the ambulance.) Enter the water in a safe manner and land the casualty at the most suitable landing point. Where the pool is an above ground construction the casualty will need to be handed from in the pool to someone standing on dry land; this procedure needs practice and should be conducted with due care to the casualty. If a spinal cord injury is suspected the casualty should be supported in the water and no attempt made to lift him/her out until the paramedics arrive. 4

185 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix E: Model Emergency Action Plan September 2015 If breathing has ceased, commence expired air resuscitation (EAR) immediately whilst in the water and whilst towing to the side. Land the casualty and continue with EAR. The person in charge will arrange for an ambulance to be called. If the heart has stopped beating commence cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Continue CPR and EAR until the casualty restarts breathing and a pulse is found, or until ambulance staff takes over. Patients who have been resuscitated should be treated for shock until the ambulance arrives. Other pool staff must not let the level of pool supervision drop below a safe level by watching the incident and may be required to cover for absent colleagues. If necessary to ensure safety the pool should be cleared. Staff should ensure that a crowd does not gather around the casualty...is designated to meet the ambulance from the main road to take them to the scene of the incident as speedily as possible using the emergency exit doors adjacent to the location of the incident. As soon as possible after the incident all staff involved will be required to make a written statement. No statements shall be made to the press or other members of the public. Adverse Weather Conditions [Outdoor Pools] If bad weather occurs and there is poor natural lighting, such that the bottom of the pool cannot be seen, the pool should be evacuated immediately and all swimming ceased. If the weather turns thundery and lightning threatens, evacuate the pool immediately and suspend swimming sessions. Water Treatment and/or Condition Water treatment chemicals will be introduced into the pool, in accordance with the manufacturers instructions, and as supported by the recognised training given to pool operators. If the water becomes cloudy alert the person responsible for pool maintenance. The person responsible for pool maintenance will undertake a water test and apply remedial action to correct the water quality. If the water clarity has become so poor that a brick can no longer be seen on the bottom of the pool then the pool will need to be closed and usage suspended until such time as the remedial action takes to reduce the cloudiness. 5

186 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix E: Model Emergency Action Plan September 2015 Dealing with Gross Contamination: Blood and Vomit In the event of a major spillage of blood in the swimming pool, the pool will be evacuated while the blood disperses via the normal pool water circulation system. This can take up to several hours, and so the pool will be closed for the remainder of that operational day. Chemical level tests will be taken prior to reopening to confirm that disinfectant residuals and ph values are within the recommended ranges. Any blood spillage on the poolside will be covered with paper towels, gently flooded with a strong disinfectant solution and left for at least two minutes before it is cleared away, by placing the contaminated towels into an approved medical waste unit, or incinerated. The affected area can then be washed with water and detergent and, if possible, left to dry. The person clearing up the spillage will need to wear gloves and goggles. Any blood spillage on the poolside will not be washed into the pool or poolside drains but will be wiped up with absorbent material placed into a polythene bag and disposed of in the waste. Faecal Contamination: If the release is solid, then it will be dealt with by:- 1. Completely removing and properly disposing of the release 2. Ensuring that the equipment is properly disinfected after use 3. The incident is recorded If the release is runny or loose (diarrhoea), the following process will be used: 1. Should there be faecal contamination in the swimming pool, the pool will be evacuated for at least 6 turnover periods [or a minimum of 24 hrs] 2. The Free Chlorine level will be raised to its operating maximum of (insert maximum concentration). 3. A coagulant will be introduced into the system. Pools that are fitted with Hi- Rate filters can use an Aluminium Sulphate tablet, by placing it in the skimmer unit/strainer basket whilst the pool is closed for use. 4. The pool floor will be swept/vacuumed to remove any solid material and collect, by use of a scoop, any floating large solids. 5. The filter will be backwashed prior to re-use, and the pool water level will be topped up, as appropriate. 6. The filter media will be allowed to settle, by running water to drain for a few minutes after the backwash process is complete. 7. The pool will be allowed to circulate for eight hours, to remove any with-held oocysts, through any imperfections in the backwash process. 8. The pool water will be re-tested and, if the results are satisfactory the pool will be re-opened. 6

187 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix E: Model Emergency Action Plan September 2015 Toxic Emissions Should any chemicals be inadvertently mixed, or otherwise come into contact with each other, the swimming pool area, and the School, will exercise its Emergency Evacuation Procedure. On the arrival of the Emergency Services, the School will be directed, by them, and undertake any further actions, or removal to alternative evacuation points deemed necessary. Chemical Spillages The School provides an approved Chemical Spillage Kit, and this is kept in which is the principal location of the [storage or use] of the chemicals used in the treatment of swimming pool water. All operators who may be required to handle chemicals, in any way, are aware of the location of the Spillage Kit, and of its operation. Operators, and those required to deal with a chemical spillage will comply with the model chemical procedure as indicated in the procedure attached as an appendix to this EAP. The model spillage procedures can be found at Appendix E. Emergency Evacuation The arrangements in place to raise the alarm are as follows: The fire alarm is activated by.. Break glasses are located.. The alarm sounds like.. (On hearing the alarm who does what to initiate an evacuation). A plan of the building is inserted and shows the location of fire exits, fire fighting equipment and the assembly point. Once the alarm has been raised those on poolside should blow their whistles loudly and clearly to clear the pool as quickly as possible. The person responsible for the swimming pool (insert job title or name) should be notified by the person raising the alarm as to the location and nature of the fire. This person will then liaise with lifeguards / staff and co-ordinate the evacuation process. (This needs detailing for individual buildings and for the full range of potential types of use of the pool stating exactly who does what.) In the event of an evacuation the emergency services should be called. The person making the call should ask for the Fire / Ambulance Service (as required) and tell them the name of the school, the address of the pool, the.location of the pool on the site, and the location of the fire giving as much information as possible. 7

188 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix E: Model Emergency Action Plan September 2015 Every person will be directed to the nearest emergency door, away from the source of the fire and to the assembly point at.... (Insert location). Children are instructed to bring towels onto the poolside, to be used in the event of an emergency evacuation, as they are unable to return to the changing area, prior to leaving the area. Thermal blankets will be issued and will be brought to the assembly point by (insert job title/name). Once at the assembly point the person responsible for the pool will check that all staff are present against the signing-in book or class register and people in charge of groups using the pool will check that all their group members are present and correct. Civil Emergency Should a telephone message be received that a bomb is in the building the person taking the call should glean as much information as possible from the caller and find as much information as possible. Where possible this should include: location of the bomb; time set to go off; why it has been left; any background noises on the telephone line; accent of the caller. As soon as the call is over notify the (person in charge of the pool). The (person in charge of the pool) will inform all staff to turn off radios and avoid pressing the pool alarm transmitters - as both of these can inadvertently detonate a bomb. The public address system may normally be used but not a radio microphone - whistles and hand signals should be used instead. The (person in charge of the pool) will telephone the police and ask for their assistance. A search of the building should be made looking for any suspicious objects or parcels. In liaison with the police the (person in charge of the pool) will decide whether to evacuate the building. Once the building is evacuated a thorough search will be made by the (person in charge of the pool) and police. No person will be allowed to enter the building until given the all clear to do so. As soon as possible after the incident the (person in charge of the pool) will be required to make a written statement. No statements will be made to the media or members of the public. Structural Failure Should a structural failure occur, or if danger is suspected from the building structure, the fire alarm should be activated by breaking the nearest break glass panel. Alternatively inform the (person in charge of the pool via a two-way radio). An evacuation is to be initiated. 8

189 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix E: Model Emergency Action Plan September 2015 Evacuate from the building using whichever exit doors are unobstructed by the result of the structural failure. If the changing area lies within the structural failure area children should be taken to a place that is secure and warm. Lighting Failure Should the lights fail; the emergency lighting will come on automatically. Notify the person in charge of the pool in case they are unaware of the lighting failure. (In the plan, state who does this and how this is to be done.) Pool and / or teaching staff should ensure that the pools are cleared immediately and pupils asked to wait on the poolside away from the pool edges until further information concerning the situation is available. Further admissions will be stopped. Should the person in charge of the pool deem the emergency lighting to be inadequate then the pools will be cleared. If the lighting failure is prolonged pupils should be organised into groups and led into the changing rooms by a teacher to change. Some method of supplementary light (torches etc) may be required. (Details of where these are kept and who issues them should be included here.) The controlled method of changing will alter depending on the availability of natural light and emergency lighting. Directions will be given by the person in charge of the pool. 9

190 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix E: Model Emergency Action Plan September 2015 School Name of Assessor Position Assessment Date Approved by Approval Date Review Date Assessment Reference No 10

191 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix F: A Checklist for School Swimming September 2015 Appendix F A CHECKLIST FOR SCHOOL SWIMMING: Before taking your pupils swimming for the first time, whether at your own school pool or to a leisure provider, the following checklist may help: The school should have a designated member of staff in charge of swimming There should be a Swimming Folder kept in a central place which should contain: - A current list of staff involved in school swimming (Nb. This needs updating annually) - staff qualifications and dates, including Bucks Shallow Tank Rescue Test for schools with own pools (Copies of certificates is best practice) - up to date risk assessments - the NOP & EAP of the pool used (a register of staff and signatures indicating that these documents have been read and understood) Has the swimming programme been planned jointly through consultation with the school and leisure provider and are all staff aware what will be taught each lesson? Does it consider the number of pupils, age and ability? Do the lessons involve a breadth of aquatic opportunities? Have you discussed your involvement/what will you be teaching over the course of the lessons? Do you know where the meeting point is/emergency exits? Do you know what the pool alarm sounds like and subsequent action that will be taken? Do you have the school number with you when you take the pupils swimming? Do you carry a school mobile phone? Whistle? Do you carry a Teachers Essential Toolkit? This may contain the following: - hats - swimwear (fitted trunks or one piece costume) - towels - Tape to cover jewellery Schools must conform to their Health & Safety Policy when going swimming; e.g. ask pupils to leave jewellery at home or take off and lock safely at school. The school should ensure that they have visited the pool before taking their pupils swimming and are familiar with the NOP and EAP of their leisure provider. The aspects teachers should be familiar with are listed below: Revised September 2015 A Carey Bucks Aquatics Consultant

192 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix F: A Checklist for School Swimming September 2015 What you should expect to find in an NOP All who assume responsibility for the supervision and safety of any groups using the pool should be made aware of the procedures. Periodic review is important in order to maintain up to date, consistently levels of practice Safe Practice in PE and School Sport, Association of Physical Education (ISBN: ) Normal Operating Procedure This would typically include information relating to: Pool design & depth Potential areas of risk Arrangements for lessons Responsibility for safety Maximum bather capacity (Staff in water count towards bather capacity) Class sizes for programmed and un-programmed sessions o Class of beginners and non-swimmers o Class of improvers Known hazards (this may vary from pool to pool and will also take into consideration risk assessments) Whistles /alarms Diving Exit and entry point Staffing levels and qualifications Safety equipment (e.g. Throw bags; Reach poles; Alarms) Supervision and pupil conduct Pool safety and equipment (including pool rules) Changing rooms Clothing and equipment (e.g. goggles; hats; religious/cultural requirements) First Aid Provision Arrangement for pupils with particular needs; e.g. very young; those with SEN or medical conditions Water quality Revised September 2015 A Carey Bucks Aquatics Consultant

193 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix F: A Checklist for School Swimming September 2015 What you should expect to find in an EAP Emergency Action Plan This should establish who assumes leadership in managing emergencies and the action to be taken in relation to such issues as: Serious injury to a bather Dealing with casualties in the water Sudden overcrowding in the pool Sudden lack of water clarity Disorderly behaviour Lock down Emergency evacuation due to: Fire alarm Bomb threat Power failure Adverse weather, thunder and lightning in an outdoor pool Structural failure Emission of toxic gas It is worth noting that the NOP/EAP from a leisure provider may contain more information than you require; i.e. information on flumes; pool plant procedures. Revised September 2015 A Carey Bucks Aquatics Consultant

194 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix F: A Checklist for School Swimming September 2015 Risk Assessment Before taking pupils swimming, the school need to undertake a risk assessment for each group, in order to identify foreseeable hazards and risks. An assessment of risk is nothing more than a careful examination of aspects of work that could cause harm to people, to establish whether enough precautions have been taken to prevent harm or whether more precautions need to be taken, Managing Health and Safety in Swimming Pools HSE 179 As part of the risk assessment you will need to consider all the hazards and risks associated with the pool: A hazard is anything that may cause harm A risk is a chance great or small that someone will be harmed by a hazard Managing Health and Safety in Swimming Pools HSE 179 The key aspects to consider when producing their risk assessment for taking pupils swimming are: PUPILS: Numbers Behaviour Confidence Abilities Understanding STAFF: Qualifications Expertise Confidence Discipline and control POOL: Design Space Depth and slope Equipment Operating procedures (Normal Operating Procedures NOP) Emergency provision (Emergency Action Plan EAP) ORGANISATION: Joint or sole use Programmed or unprogrammed activity What the activity involves Group management Revised September 2015 A Carey Bucks Aquatics Consultant

195 Safe Practice in School Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix F: A Checklist for School Swimming September 2015 The following documents provide valuable guidance to schools for swimming. Every school should have a copy Bucks Safe Practice in School Swimming Policy (latest version September 2015) available on the Bucks Grid for Learning (bucksgfl.org.uk) ASA Guidance for School Swimming Safe Practice in PE and School Sport, Association of Physical Education 2012 (ISBN: ) Managing Health and Safety in Swimming Pools HSG 179 Revised September 2015 A Carey Bucks Aquatics Consultant

196 Safe Practice in school Swimming: Issue 2 Appendix G: Goggles Letter to Parents September 2015 Appendix G 9 th September 2015 Dear Parents, Your child will be commencing his/her Swimming lessons this term. Whilst they are not considered to be essential, we recognise that children who swim frequently or whose eyes are susceptible to irritation may prefer to use goggles for swimming. They may help maintain the required body position and improve vision through the water. Therefore, parents may request that their child uses goggles during the lessons by filling in the form below. I should inform you that it is your responsibility, as parent, to teach your child to put on and take off goggles in the correct and safe fashion. Our advice would be to read the manufacturer s instructions for putting them on and taking them off. This is important to ensure protection of eyes from impact damage through stretching the eyepieces away from the face with wet fingers. Please ensure that goggles are of a good quality. Goggles should be British Standard Institution (BSI) Goggles which includes makes such as Speedo or Zoggs, which will include instruction on the package for the correct way to put them on and take them off. You should be aware that on occasions your child will be asked to remove their goggles in order to safely perform certain aquatic activities. If you would like your child to wear goggles during swimming lessons in school, please complete the form below. No goggles may be worn without the signed form. Yours sincerely, Child s name: I would like to request that my child wears goggles during their swimming lesson at school. I understand that it is my responsibility to ensure the goggles are in good condition and that my child knows how to take them on and off safely. I also recognise that there will be occasions when they may be asked to remove their goggles. Signed (Parent) Date