Seatball The Fastest Ball Game of the Disabled Sports

Transcription

1 Seatball The Fastest Ball Game of the Disabled Sports By Malin Hulliger Supervised by Matthias Walther Büel Gymnasium Burgdorf Malin Hulliger Knubelacker 40 Zollbrück, 26 th October Zollbrück 1 / 44

2 Table of Contents 1. Foreword Motivation Acknowledgements Executive Summary Introductions Goals Questions Hypotheses Methods Structure Theory History of disabled sports in Switzerland PluSport Goals Financing Behindertensportgruppe Olten BSG Definitions Definition of «Physical Disability» Definition of «Amputation» Seatball Rules Handicap Points Preparation of Training The Training Conclusions General Information Conclusions Concerning the Questionnaire Answers Concerning the Hypotheses The Succession Problem Prospects Appendices Appendix 1: Links Appendix 2: Accompanying Letter for Volunteers Appendix 3: Questionnaire for Volunteers / 44

3 8.4. Appendix 4: Responses from the Interviewed Persons General Information Responses from Questions 1 to Appendix 5: Pictures from the Training Appendix 6: Score Sheet with Handicap Points Appendix 7: Handicap System of Seatball Appendix 8: Rules of the Game Seatball International Declaration / 44

4 1. Foreword 1.1. Motivation From the beginning I have known that I wanted to write about a topic that deals with sports. Furthermore, I was sure to write about disabled sports in Switzerland. The combination of both topics, sports and the challenges of disabled people, who practice a specific team sport, creates a particular fascination. My first thought was to write a Matura paper about sitting volleyball in Switzerland because I play volleyball myself. Unfortunately, there is no club in Switzerland. However, when I was looking for another kind of sport, seatball immediately caught my attention. It is similar to sitting volleyball and it is an attractive sport Acknowledgements I would like to thank several people who were a big help to me in writing this Matura paper. Firstly, I would like to thank Matthias Walther Büel for his good auxiliary supervision. Secondly, I am very thankful to Paul Probst for his help to make the training possible and his answers whenever I had a question. Lastly, I would like to thank Lars Hulliger and Gabrielle Merz Turkmani for their support concerning the English language. 4 / 44

5 2. Executive Summary This paper is concentrated on the experiences of not disabled people, which took part in a seatball training. Seatball is a disabled sport, which is played by six teams in Switzerland. One of the hypothesis is: seatball is a sport where disabled and not disabled people can play on the same level. To verify this hypothesis it is used in the questionnaire for the volunteers as a basic statement. The methods are explained later on in this paper. The result of this Matura paper is that seatball is a sport for both, disabled and not disabled people. And it is true that they can play on the same level but as in every sport you have to train hard enough. Furthermore, it is an advantage that seatball is a sport for all people. Thus, the problem of succession can be reduced to a certain extent. 3. Introductions 3.1. Goals My main goal of this paper is to bring disabled and not disabled people together through sports. I proceeded by organizing a training with a disabled seatball team for not disabled people. With a questionnaire I tried to find out how the volunteers felt during this training and what their experiences were Questions The following questions were designed to achieve my goals. The questions were asked from different points of view. How is it to play together with disabled people? Is it fair to play against disabled people? What problems can appear? Is it possible that disabled and not disabled people can play on the same level? 5 / 44

6 3.3. Hypotheses To answer these questions, the following hypotheses were made. One might think that to play with disabled people is difficult. Other people think that playing against disabled people is unfair to them. The integration in such a team might be difficult for not disabled persons. Seatball is a kind of sport where disabled and not disabled people can play on the same level Methods The questions of the theoretical part of the paper may be answered by reading various articles on websites, especially the one from PluSport 1. Other sources to expand the knowledge are not only the writing of s with competent persons but also the analysis of the questionnaire from the volunteers (see Appendix 3 and 4). To find volunteers an accompanying letter with information was written (see Appendix 2). Books are not included because such books simply do not exist Structure In the beginning, there is some basic information about the disabled sport in Switzerland and how the first organization was created. There is also some information of PluSport 2, the head organisation of the disabled sport in Switzerland. In the main part, the sport seatball is introduced and the training is documented. The conclusion is built upon the knowledge that was gained through the questionnaire. At the end of this paper appendices with the used questionnaire and pictures which were made through the training session are added. 1 PluSport : 2 PluSport: 6 / 44

7 4. Theory 4.1. History of disabled sports in Switzerland 3 As an initiative form a diseased priest in 1956, a movement for disabled people to practice sport was launched. Priest Grivel asked General Guisan to help building up an organization called Schweizerische Arbeitsgruppe für Invalidensport. The aim was that disabled people should organize it for themselves. Thus, the name of the organization was changed twice. First in 1960 the name changed to Schweizerischer Verband für Invalidensport SVIS and then secondly, in 1977, to Schweizerischer Verband für Behindertensport SVBS. Since 1974, the organization belongs to the association Swiss Olympics PluSport 4 In 2000, the association SVBS celebrated 40 years of disabled sports in Switzerland. The deputies agreed to introduce a new name called PluSport. With that name, they wanted to set a positive sign for the future of disabled sports in Switzerland. The focus here is on sports, not on disability. The association counts around active members and players Goals 5 PluSport wants to promote the integration of people with all kinds of skills through sports. Another goal is to engage disabled and mentally disabled children, teenagers and adults in a sporty activity. Disabled people should have the possibility to do sports regularly Financing The main parts of the financing of PluSport consist of the contribution of the members. The other part comes from the contribution of Swiss Olympics and the yields of events, courses and other services. Another part is the sponsoring which helps to finance PluSport as well. 3 PluSport History: 4 PluSport History: 5 PluSport Goals: 7 / 44

8 4.5. Behindertensportgruppe Olten BSG 6 The Behindertensportgruppe Olten was founded in This association offers gymnastics for teenagers, mentally handicapped and disabled people. Seatball is also one of the proposals of BSG. Around 60 active members belong to the association. The goal is the promotion, advancement of the fitness and wellness of the members. PluSport is the head organization of the BSG. The seatball team of the BSG was the one who has helped to realize this paper Definitions The Swiss federal law defines a disability after the law 151.3, which is called the Behindertengleichstellungsgesetz. Article 2.1 states: «In diesem Gesetz bedeutet Mensch mit Behinderungen (Behinderte, Behinderter) eine Person, der es eine voraussichtlich dauernde körperliche, geistige oder psychische Beeinträchtigung erschwert oder verunmöglicht, alltägliche Verrichtungen vorzunehmen, soziale Kontakte zu pflegen, sich fortzubewegen, sich aus- und fortzubilden oder eine Erwerbstätigkeit auszuüben.» 7 A disability can be innate or occur through an accident, war or other reasons. Disabilities are divided into different categories. The one which is important for this paper is the physical disability Definition of «Physical Disability» 8 The physical disabilities are the most well-known disabilities. The term not only includes amputations or sensory disabilities, which are deafness or blindness. It is the general term for all manifestations of disability and the degree of severity of physical impairment. 6 Behindertensportgruppe Olten Bundesgesetz. - article Physical Disability 8 / 44

9 Definition of «Amputation» 9 An amputation is the removing of extremities. Cancer, disorder in the nervous system, circulatory disorder, accident or an infection can cause an amputation. A woman from the seatball team told me that she lost her lower leg in a car accident. Seatball is a sport where nearly all players have an amputated leg, so a closer look will be taken at this aspect. Seatball is a sport, which can be played without any prostheses. That means there will be no pressure marks of the prostheses for the players. Another effect of an amputation is the shift of the musculature and the affected person has to learn the handling with the prostheses. The musculature of leg amputees is not the same as for normal people. Muscles are pronounced differently. Furthermore, it depends on whether a leg is amputated over or under the knee. This fact influences the life after the operation and also the sporty activities. People with thigh amputation suffer often under massive sore- or phantom pain. Apart from that, important muscles are missing or degraded because of the long layover. Therefore, other muscle regions need to be trained even harder. The first training not only leads to the adaption of the central nervous system for an intermuscular coordination (interaction of the muscles during a significant motion sequence), it also causes the intra-muscular coordination (interaction of the nerves and muscles of one muscle in one motion sequence). Due to the muscle training a better mobility, more protection of the joints and a better stabilisation of the spine can be achieved. Problems can occur with regard to the healing of the stump. The following illustration shows some problems and their causes and what can be done to prevent or to fight them. 9 Beinamputiert-was-geht: mitaet.pdf?t= / 44

10 Cause Diagnosis Therapy strong backpain, too much sitting without compensation movement muscular contractions active and passive stretching, heat, ultrasound rheumatism, arthrosis injuries joint contractions muscle tension, without joint movement stump problems kidney diseases, dead tissue, wound infection, inappropriate storage oedema (most common cause) molding of the stump through compression poorly fitting prosthesis frictions and local pressure marks fit control of the prosthesis redish-bluish discoloration at the end of the stump, stump pain, stump swelling venous drainage control of the stem form circulatory disorder, stump injury delayed wound healing immobilization at the stump, whirl pool bath Figure 1:Stump Problems: Cause Diagnosis - Therapy Seatball Seatball is a sport for disabled people. It is the fastest ball game among disabled sports. Seatball was invented after the Second World War from disabled for disabled people. At the beginning, only leg amputees, marked by the war, played this kind of sport. But this changed massively later on. Today sportswomen- and men with different disabilities and people with no disability play together. Since the 1970s, 10 The illustration is self-made, based on information from e-ursachen-und-therapien%26catid%3d60:aktuelles%26itemid%3d30 10 / 44

11 there have been European Seatball competitions. The first Seatball-World cup took place in November 2006 in Kigali, Rwanda 11. Figure 2: Seatball-World Cup - November 2006 in Kigali, Rwanda 12 The playing-field is divided into two parts with a line in the center. Over the center line there is a two-coloured tape at the height of one meter. On each side of the field, the team consists of five sitting players. The idea of the game is as follows: «Auf einem Feld, das in der Mitte durch eine Linie und in 1 m Höhe durch ein zweifarbiges Band in zwei Felder geteilt ist, sitzen sich zwei Mannschaften von je 5 Spielern einander gegenüber. Jede Mannschaft hat die Aufgabe, den ihr über das Band zugeschlagenen Ball mit der offenen Hand wieder zurückzuspielen und zwar solange, bis ein Fehler den Spielgang beendet. Dabei ist das Ziel beider Mannschaften, den Ball so über das Band zu spielen, dass dem Gegner der Rückschlag nicht gelingt oder möglichst erschwert wird. Jeder Fehler der einen Mannschaft wird der anderen als Vorteil angerechnet. Gewonnen hat die Mannschaft, die in der Spielzeit die meisten Treffer erzielt» Wikipedia 12 Wikipedia 13 Spielregeln für Sitzball International p.1 11 / 44

12 5.1. Rules The field is a rectangle of ten meters length and eight meters width. According to the Spielregeln für Sitzball International, the ball used should be a volleyball. The players are allowed to wear upholstered shorts or trousers, elbow and knee pads to protect their bodies. Seatball is played in a determined playing time, a special amount of points as for example in volleyball does not have to be reached. The playing time takes two halftimes, each of seven minutes duration. It is not allowed to smash with a closed hand. Neither is it allowed to move on feet or knees during the game. The reason for this rule is that if one of the players has an amputated leg over the knee, the player cannot move on the knees. Other players with an amputated leg under the knee are able to move on the knees, if it would be allowed only a few could move like this, then the game would be unfair. An unusual thing is that when a fault is made, the team who made the fault gets the next service. The service must be played by three players with at minimum one drop with a ball on the floor between the players. During the game, the ball may be touched three times at most before it has to be on the other field side again. After each of these three touches the ball can touch the floor only once in between. If the passing ball flies under the tape, which is stretched over the middle line, it is a fault. As well as if the ball is touching the tape. A big effort is needed to play such a game. A referee who is in charge of the game and two linesmen who help the referee decide if a ball is in or out. One protocoller records the game. Furthermore, one indicator helps the protocoller to indicate and to document the points. They are responsible to register the changes of players as well. Finally, there is a timekeeper, who takes the time. Seatball is not only played in Switzerland, it is also played in other European countries as well as in many African countries. The world cup is held on both continents, Africa and Europe. 12 / 44

13 All participating countries are listed below: 14 Austria Burundi Congo Germany Italy Kenya Luxembourg Rwanda Switzerland Tanzania Uganda In the following picture, the seatball field is shown. In addition, all the needed people are mentioned below and it is shown where they stand during the game on the field. Crosses in the picture indicate the team line-up. In this case, the most common one is represented. The three blue crosses are the defenders and the two red ones the attackers. It might look as if there was a weak point in the middle of this line-up. However, since it is allowed that the ball can touch the floor once between two players, an attack in this space is no weak point. Figure 3:Seatball Field 15 All the detailed rules can be found in Appendix Wikipedia 15 SV-Kornwestheim: 13 / 44

14 5.2. Handicap Points A special feature for seatball is the point system which is called the handicap points. This system classifies the handicaps of the disabled players. The sum of the handicap points of all five players may not exceed the allowed maximum, which is 19,5. Each handicap is classified differently, this classification can be found in Appendix 7. Before the year 2000 the maximum amount of points was 16,5 but that lead to the situation that some teams were not allowed to take part in the championship. So the handicap points were raised to 19,5. This raise had not only good sides but also disadvantages, because some teams never had the chance to win a championship. At the beginning of seatball sports in Switzerland there were about 30 teams. So the handicap points helped to keep the teams at an equal level. Nevertheless, today there are only six teams left in Switzerland, such that most of the teams are not able to play without non-handicapped persons. Because of this, it was decided that maximally two non-disabled people can play in a team. As a result, the handicap points have been irrelevant in Switzerland for the last few years. The handicap points only matter at international championships like the world cup. Therefore, only disabled sportswomen and sportsmen can be a part of the game. To demonstrate this system of seatball, the team of the Behindertensportgruppe Olten is used as an example. The example is from the Swiss Championships in 2006, it can be found in Appendix / 44

15 6. Preparation of Training To organize the training an accompanying letter was written (see Appendix 2). It contains information about this Matura paper and what the expectation of this training is. Furthermore, it was mentioned that the training takes place on the 27 th August 2015 in the Kantonsschule Olten from pm. This date was appointed with Paul Probst. Paul Probst is the president of the Schweizerische Sitzballvereiningung SSBV as well as the collector of the Behindertensportgruppe Olten. In the case that too many people would sign up for the training, another date, the 3 rd September 2015 was planned. This training would take place at the same time and place as the first one did. Another part of the preparation included the writing of the questionnaire (see Appendix 3) with questions concerning the experience and opinion of the volunteers. The questionnaire was sent to friends as well as to two volleyball teams of the volleyball club VT Langnau. The questionnaire is based on questions which will help to verify the hypothesis, which is written below. Seatball is a kind of sport where disabled and not disabled people can play on the same level. Unfortunately not as many people as hoped signed up. There were only eight people who had time and were motivated to help. Because there were only eight people the training took place on the 27 th August 2015 and the other date was cancelled. The expectation of the training was that not disabled people, who never played before with disabled people, could play with them as they would with normal people. Thus, the volunteers should have no fear of contact with the handicapped. Furthermore, the handicap of the disabled people should not be noticeable to the volunteers. 15 / 44

16 6.1. The Training Friends, volleyball players and neighbours came to the training to support this Matura paper. So we went together to the Kantonsschule Olten where we received a hearty welcome from the seatball team. The first step was to explain the rules to the volunteers. After this step, the warm-up followed, in which the first contact with the ball and the seatball players took place. The trainer Jonas Zimmerli and the present players abandoned the idea to do some special and typical exercises of seatball, because the volunteers should gain the experience of playing and not of exercising. So directly after the warm-up the actual game began. The first steps of the volunteers to play seatball were not as hard as one would have expected. Because of their knowledge of volleyball the smash for example or the pass were things which worked out really well. One thing that was hard to learn was that the dig 16 is not allowed. In volleyball, the dig is the most common receive of the ball. However, after some time everybody got better and better so that an ideal flow of the game occurred. Everyone had fun playing and my mother diligently took pictures and shot videos of the game. When the training was over the volunteers filled out the questionnaire. Afterwards some talked with each other and learned more about the person and the sport. Especially one fact was quite astonishing, namely the fact that some players have been playing together already for 20 years. 16 The dig means in German eine Manschette-Abnahme im Volleyball. 16 / 44

17 7. Conclusions 7.1. General Information The first part of this conclusion is based on the practical part of this Matura paper. This means that the questionnaire is analysed (see Appendix 4). In the second part, a closer look is taken at the theoretical hypothesis as well as the statements if either true or false are answered Conclusions Concerning the Questionnaire 75% of the volunteers (eight people) which participated in the training were women and only 25% were men. So this conclusion is neither a quantitative one it is a qualitative one. This means that a statement of one single person is very significant. The average age of all volunteers is years, so the survey is based on the opinion of young people. This is great, because this sport has a succession problem which will be discussed afterwards. Nobody had experience with seatball before this training. One person of the volunteers had already dealt with another kind of disabled sports. To the question which disabled sport it was, the person mentioned the whole Paralympic games. The training was assessed from six volunteers as excellent and from two as good. For no one the training was below average or not good at all. To the question what the best thing was about the training, several aspects were mentioned. Some factors were mentioned twice or more times so multiple answers were possible. The most noted one was the experience with this new sport and the new challenges seatball has. The volunteers also complimented the performance of everybody and the cooperation with the disabled, which was great. During the training everybody laughed and had fun, a good atmosphere prevailed. Seatball was mentioned as a physically exhausting sport. This was not meant in a bad way, but rather the opposite: the challenge to learn new things, like bringing down the volleyball routine and learning to act differently. 17 / 44

18 On the other hand, the volunteers were asked to write what they did not like about the training. Unlike the seatball players, the volunteers had not worn upholstered shorts. As a result, the most mentioned point of criticism was the pain in the bottom region. Apart from that the hands and the joints were pain regions. One person mentioned bruises. Another negative point was the dirty floor in the gym, which was not the fault of the seatball players. Two of the volunteers said that there was nothing they did not like. Many experiences had references to the players. The seatball players were described as good, fast, hearty and lissom players. It was very interesting and impressive to play with these people. For the volunteers, the disability of the players was not noticeable most of the time and thus it was very motivating to play with such great people. The volunteers found it amazing that the disabled laughed about the normal people. Because some moves looked very helpless and sometimes the volunteers were struggling with their feet. One of the main questions concerning this training was whether the volunteers had felt disadvantaged, superior or completely integrated. No one felt disadvantaged which was the expected result. The majority felt integrated, although they were not as good players as the seatball players, they were much faster and more lissom. One person mentioned that he felt neither disadvantaged nor superior but he was not completely integrated, he felt like a guest and not a part of the team. Some were surprised that seatball is such an exhausting and fast sport. Others were impressed that the disabled people played really well, despite their handicap. One person mentioned that he was astonished of how hard you can smash a ball even when you are sitting on the floor. More than half of the people would immediately participate in such a training again. Two more likely and just one person would rather not join another training. The last question was about if they learned something during this training. The learnings were that they had learned to act normally in front of handicapped people and had no fear of contact. They also realized that if they would ever be handicapped it would be best to make the best of it, because you can do active sport even with a handicap. One person mentioned that she learned to move fast on the floor and to 18 / 44

19 estimate where the ball was going. One thing everyone learned was the rules of seatball. At the end of the questionnaire the participants could write down what they wanted to mention and was not questioned during the survey. Two did not write anything at all but one noted that he trained some muscles which are normally not used. The others thanked for the experience Answers Concerning the Hypotheses At the beginning of this paper the following hypotheses were made: One might think that to play with disabled people is difficult. Other people think that playing against disabled people is unfair to them. The integration in such a team can be difficult for not disabled persons. Seatball is a kind of sport, where disabled and not disabled people can play on the same level. Through this work I gained a lot of new knowledge and the result of this paper is a positive one. The hypotheses above are examined with the help of the analysis of the questionnaire. It is true that people tend to think that it is hard to play with disabled persons. But with the help of this Matura paper it can be said that this is not the case, at least not with seatball. Neither is it unfair to them, it is quite the contrary. The disabled people were better players than the volunteers, although every one of them had experience as a volleyball player. The rules of seatball are made thus that everybody can play this sport and have no advantage against other players. The integration in a team is not hard, if you have such lovely and kind people as in the team of the BSG Olten. The analysis showed that everybody felt in a way integrated and none of the volunteers felt disadvantaged. Of course, it is not possible to be fully integrated in a team if you just meet and play once with each other. Nevertheless, to be integrated in a disabled team is no challenge if you are permitted to do so. 19 / 44

20 The last hypothesis can also be considered true, since seatball is a kind of sports which disabled and not disabled people can play on the same level. The only condition is that you have to train very hard The Succession Problem The succession problem is the main problem of seatball; there are not enough young people who want to play seatball. But this is not only a problem for seatball it is a general problem in not disabled sports as well. One reason is that seatball is not an official Paralympic sport. This leads to this specific problem, as young disabled people want to play a sport where they can achieve high aims like taking part in the Paralympic games. Another reason is innovative medicine. In the future, more and more people can be spares an amputation. In an individual kind of sports the training can be self-coordinated and in team sports like seatball you always have to organize a group of people. The result is the same as in every other sport. The people prefer to pay more money for a subscription to a fitness studio than for a sports club. Today the people if disabled or not tend to spend their leisure time without any obligations Prospects At present, disabled team sports, like seatball, have succession problems also because they are marginal sports. Nevertheless, the prospects for this sport are good. Since seatball is a sport where disabled and not disabled people can play together on the same level, the succession problem can be reduced with the help of non-disabled persons. Other disabled sports cannot benefit from the not disabled target group, because it is not possible to integrate the not disabled in the same way as in seatball. 20 / 44

21 8. Appendices 8.1. Appendix 1: Links American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society-Below-Knee Amputation - [Accessed: 15 th October 2015] Behindertensport Oberhausen - [Accessed: 23 th July, 5 th August and 21 th September 2015] Behindertensportgruppe Olten - [Accessed: 11 th July and 29 th September 2015] Behindertensport SV-Kornwestheim - [Accessed: 29 th August 2015] Behinderung.org - [Accessed: 5 th October 2015] Beinamputiert-was-geht - [Accessed: 6 th October 2015] Merck Manual Amputation - [Accessed: 15 th October 2015] Merck Manual Stump Problems - [Accessed: 15 th October 2015] Plusport - [Accessed: 23 th July 2015] Punktesystem für Sitzball International - AAahUKEwj63J2q-cvIAhXGvnIKHZ2VDzc&url=http%3A%2F%2Fssbv.plusportclub.ch%2Fdownload%2Fcontroller.html%3FeccId%3D547&usg=AFQjCNHoTJwvd1 9488J0K3xOCZ_f7b4MAQ&cad=rja [Accessed: 18 th October 2015] Schweizerisches Bundesgesetz - [Accessed: 5 th October 2015] Schweizerische Sitzballvereinigung - [Accessed: 27 th June 2015] Selbsthilfegruppe für Amputierte Region Hannover - 4:stumpfprobleme-ursachen-undtherapien%26catid%3D60:aktuelles%26Itemid%3D30 [Accessed: 18 th October 2015] Spielregeln für Sitzball International: [Accessed: 18 th October 2015] Wikipedia - [Accessed: 11 th July 2015] 21 / 44

22 8.2. Appendix 2: Accompanying Letter for Volunteers Maturaarbeit- Anmeldung Schnuppertraining Sitzball Ich schreibe meine Maturaarbeit über den Behindertensport in der Schweiz. Als Beispielssportart im Behindertensport habe ich Sitzball ausgewählt. Für den praktischen Teil meiner Arbeit arbeite ich mit der Schweizerischen Sitzballvereinigung (SSBV), speziell mit dem Club in Olten, zusammen. Das Ziel meiner Arbeit ist herauszufinden, wie die Erfahrungen auf beiden Seiten sind, wenn körperlich gesunde Sportler und körperlich behinderte Sportler zusammen spielen. Darum suche ich nun Freiwillige, die bereit sind, in ein Sitzballtraining schnuppern zu kommen und am Schluss einen von mir angefertigten Fragebogen auszufüllen. Wenn Sie Interesse haben eine solche Erfahrung zu machen und mich bei meiner Maturaarbeit zu unterstützen, würde ich mich sehr darüber freuen. Das Datum des Trainings ist: Donnerstag, 27. August um Uhr in der Kantonsschule Olten Falls es zu viele Anmeldungen hat, wäre das zweite Training am 3. September 2015 um Uhr in der Kantonsschule Olten. Wenn Sie an diesem Datum auch Zeit haben, wäre ich froh, wenn Sie mir das auch mitteilen würden. Die Anmeldung können Sie mir persönlich mitteilen oder eine SMS schicken. Meine Nummer lautet: Falls Sie nicht wissen, was Sitzball ist und wie es gespielt wird, dann ist hier noch ein Link zu einem Video. Bitte die Anmeldungen bis spätestens am 1. August 2015 melden. Ich würde mich über zahlreiche Anmeldungen freuen. Malin Hulliger 22 / 44

23 8.3. Appendix 3: Questionnaire for Volunteers Fragebogen Schnuppertraining Sitzball Vielen Dank, dass Sie an diesem Schnuppertraining teilgenommen und mich bei meiner Maturaarbeit unterstützt haben. Alter: Weiblich Männlich 1. Haben Sie sich schon vorher mit der Sportart Sitzball auseinandergesetzt? Ja Nein 2. Haben Sie sich schon mit anderen Behindertensportarten auseinandergesetzt? Ja Nein 3. Wenn Sie bei Frage 2 ja angekreuzt haben, welche Behindertensportarten waren/sind es? 4. Wie hat Ihnen das Schnuppertraining gefallen? Hervorragend Gut Nicht so gut Gar nicht 23 / 44

24 5. Was hat Ihnen am Schnuppertraining gefallen? 6. Was hat Ihnen am Schnuppertraining nicht gefallen? 7. Wie war es, mit körperlich behinderten Menschen zusammen zu spielen? 8. Haben Sie sich zu einem Zeitpunkt des Trainings benachteiligt oder überlegen in der Sportart gefühlt, oder fühlten sie sich komplett integriert? 9. Hat Sie etwas überrascht? 24 / 44

25 10. Würden Sie nochmals an einem Training teilnehmen? Ja Eher ja Eher nein Nein 11. Haben Sie etwas gelernt? 12. Sonstiges? 25 / 44

26 8.4. Appendix 4: Responses from the Interviewed Persons Age in years General Information Age average Gender Female 6 Male 2 Female Male Responses from Questions 1 to Did you deal with seatball before this training? Yes 0 No 8 2. Did you deal with another disabled sport before? Yes 1 No 7 3. If you crossed yes in question 2, which disabled sport was it? Olympic games ( 1 4. How did you enjoy the training? Excellent 6 Good 2 Below average 0 Not at all 0 26 / 44

27 5. What did you enjoy about the training? Multiple answers are permitted. New challenge; new sport 6 Funny and exhausting 1 Everybody performed well 2 Good atmosphere 1 Cooperation with the disabled 2 Physical exhausting sport 1 Hard to bring down the volleyball routine 1 6. What did you not like about the training? Pain in the bottom region 4 Dirty floor 2 Hand pain 1 Joint pain 1 Nothing 2 Bruise 1 7. How was it to play with disabled people? Good but hard to react right with disabled people 1 Exhausting 1 Disabled people are good players; fast and lissome 5 Interesting and impressive 2 Funny; disabled people laughed over us "normal" people 2 Disability is not noticeable 2 Motivated 1 8. Did you feel once superior or disadvantaged at one moment, or did you feel completely integrated during the training? No they were really lissome 1 No but struggling with feet 1 Integrated; although i did not played as good as they do 4 Neither disatvantaged nor superior but we were guests 1 Estimate of the balls and the disabled were much faster 1 Hearty people 1 Integrated 1 9. What surprised you? Yes, it was really exhausting 3 The disabled play really good although they have a handicap 3 Fast sport 1 The players play since 20 years in the same team 1 How hard you can smash a ball although you are sitting on the floo 1 Speed of the players 2 27 / 44

28 10. Would you join another training? Multiple answers are permitted. Yes 5 More likely 2 Rather not 1 No Have you learned something? Be normal in front of disabled people 1 Act normal with these people; no fear of contact 1 Move fast on the floor 1 Rules of seatball 1 Exciting experience 1 Estimate of the ball 1 Yes 2 Yes, do the best of your situation 1 You can do active sports with a handicap Other things? Thanks for the experience 4 Nothing 2 A handicap is no reason to play no sports 1 Train muscles, which are normally not used; hand pain 1 28 / 44

29 8.5. Appendix 5: Pictures from the Training The pictures were taken on the 27 th September 2015 during the training session. Figure 4: Jonas Zimmerli gives first introductions to the volunteers before the training. Figure 5: The teams played in mixed groups of seatball players and volunteers. 29 / 44

30 Figure 6: The volunteers tried new things like a block here. Figure 7:The 1 meter high two-coloured tape can be seen very well in this picture. 30 / 44

31 Figure 8: Everybody gave their best. Figure 9: At the end the game did not look bad at all. 31 / 44

32 8.6. Appendix 6: Score Sheet with Handicap Points Figure 10: Demonstration of Handicap Point System 32 / 44

33 8.7. Appendix 7: Handicap System of Seatball Punktesystem für Sitzball International q-cviahxgvnikhz2vdzc&url=http%3a%2f%2fssbv.plusportclub.ch%2fdownload%2fcontroller.html%3feccid%3d547&usg=afqjcnhotjwvd19488j0k3xocz_ f7b4maq&cad=rja 33 / 44

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38 8.8. Appendix 8: Rules of the Game Seatball International Spielregeln für Sitzball International: 38 / 44

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44 9. Declaration I hereby declare that I wrote this paper independently and that I did not use any other sources than the listed ones. I am familiar with the bulletin Plagiate für Maturandinnen und Maturanden and therefore with its consequences of a full or component plagiarism. Malin Hulliger Date 44 / 44