TRAVELLERS SPORTS HOCKEY COACHING MANUAL

Transcription

1 Travellers Sports - Hockey Coaching Manual - Page 1 of 23 TRAVELLERS SPORTS HOCKEY COACHING MANUAL CHANGE HISTORY Issue Date of Issue CR/DR Numbers No. of Pages 1 20-Aug Pages Changed and Reasons for Change

2 Travellers Sports - Hockey Coaching Manual - Page 2 of 23 Contents Page INTRODUCTION...3 DIMENSION OF THE PITCH...4 POSITIONS ON THE PITCH...4 WARM UP...5 WARM UP DRILLS...5 Corner Drill...5 Merry-go-round...6 THE SKILLS...6 Hitting...6 Basic Dribbling...7 Indian Dribble...8 Trapping...9 Reverse Side...10 Push Pass...10 Slap Hit...11 Reverse Stick shot/sweep...11 FLICK...12 BLOCK TACKLE...13 THE JAB TACKLE...14 DEFENDING CORNERS...14 Two post men...14 Two men out...15 Four Man box...15 DRILLS...16 SHOOTING DRILLS...16 First touch finishing drill...16 Shooting with Fitness...16 Quick Release Shooting: Flick or Wrist shot...16 ATTACKING & DEFENDING DRILLS v 5 with a change of possession stipulation v 2 Game of Transition v Zone Defense...18 PASSING DRILLS...18 Diamond Drill 1vs 1, 2 vs Circuit Passing...19 Puss Pass Drill...19 DRIBBLING DRILLS...20 GOAL KEEPING DRILLS...20 Exercise one...20 Exercise two...20 Exercise three...21 FUN HOCKEY GAMES...21 Piggy in the middle...21 TIPS TO BECOME A SUCCESSFUL COACH...21 Speak Clearly...21 Keep questioning the players...21 Repeat the drill/skill until players get it right...21 Ensure that the players are hydrated...21 Check the playing surface...22 Drills teach technique not decision making...22

3 Travellers Sports - Hockey Coaching Manual - Page 3 of 23 Encourage Team Play...22 Keep children moving...22 A good balance of hard work and fun...22 Lead by example...22 Concentration...22 REFERENCES...22 Introduction Hockey is play world wide and the passion for the game is huge. As a Travellers Hockey Coach you have the opportunity to coach and develop the game of Hockey and share your skills to people who may never of been coached before giving them the opportunity to learn the game in a structured organised manner, your placement will make a huge difference to those people you coach and will impact there lives in many ways. This coaching manual has been specifically designed for your hockey placement incorporating the skills that you will need to have when on your placement. This manual has been designed for the coaching of 6 18 year olds in mind where by each drill can vary difficulty depending on age and ability of the group. As a coach it is up to you how to adapt these drills and often add your own drills in to the session.

4 Travellers Sports - Hockey Coaching Manual - Page 4 of 23 Dimension of the pitch Positions on the Pitch G Goalie S Sweeper RB Right Back CB Centre Back LB Left Back LL Left Link RL Right Link RO Right Outside RI Right Inside Ll Left Inside LO Left Back

5 Travellers Sports - Hockey Coaching Manual - Page 5 of 23 Warm Up Warming up is an important part of the coaching session; it avoids injury and will teach the children valuable lessons. There is a stretching manual available for you as a volunteer that can be used to do the stretches with. Warming up for hockey can be broken down into two components: Skill drills Skills drills ensure that the players mental state of mind is correct and prepare them for there training session or game ahead. Physical Warm up Warming the body up is important as it prepares the body physically for the training session or game ahead. Games are a good way of warming up children as it keeps them mentally stimulated and also gets them physically prepared for training. You should use a mixture of the both to do a correct warm up, the warm up should last around 5-15 minutes depending on time and numbers etc. When warming up get the players to undertake a jog around the pitch a few times and do a good stretch after the physical warm up. Warm Up Drills Corner Drill 1. Set up cones in a square 2. Have an equal number of players behind the cones 3. You can vary the warm up drill: A. Have the players dribble the ball across to the opposite cone to the player and go to the back of the opposite line B. Have them make a push pass across to the opposite corner cone and go to the back of the opposite line C. Have them make a pass or dribble to the cone next to them and follow there pass going to the back of the line they just passed to, the player who received t he ball then pass to the cone next to them, going around in a square the sequence continues ( introduce 2 balls if the players are good enough )

6 Travellers Sports - Hockey Coaching Manual - Page 6 of 23 Merry-go-round 1. Set up 2 cones about 40 meters apart, nearly opposite enough balls at one of the cones One player (offence) on the midline, one attacker with a marker at the 22-line. Players equally shared out over the two cones, starting on the left side of the cones 2. Player A dribbles the ball only a few steps, meanwhile player B comes in, looking for eye-toeye-contact with A, to receive the ball 3. after contact, player A passes in on B 4. B dribbles the ball to the opposite cone, A runs through to the other side Drill Tips With less than 8 players in the exercise, move the cones closer, approximately 30 m., more than 15 players, then set out the exercise twice to retain enough intensity players can start with the exercise reasonably quick after each other, which keeps tempo in the exercise cones nearly opposite, because of safety Hitting The Skills Place your han ds firmly together near the top of the stick and swing it backwards. You should aim to hit the lower h alf of the ball when you bring your stick back down.

7 Travellers Sports - Hockey Coaching Manual - Page 7 of 23 Remember to keep your eyes on the ball and follow through with your stick after making contact. Your feet should be in a parallel line to the direction of the ball. Practice hitting to a partner, gradually increasing the distance. Basic Dribbling Keep the ball out in front of the right side of your body and away from your feet, at about 2 o'clock. Keep the stick in contact with the ball as much as possible - it makes it easier to pass the ball in an instant and much harder for an opponent to tackle you without giving away a free hit. Your hands should be apart, with your knees bent and your back horizontal to the ground. Try and practice dribbling so you are confident enough not to need to look down at the ball - keeping your eyes on what's going on in front of you will make you a much more threatening player.

8 Travellers Sports - Hockey Coaching Manual - Page 8 of 23 Be prepared to change pace and direction. For close dribble keep the ball on the end of the stick. For a fast dribble, tap the ball out in front. Indian Dribble The Indian dribble was first seen at the 1956 Olympics. It was named after the superb dribbling skills of the Indian team. You can use the Indian dribble to change the direction of the ball to beat an opponent, and it's particularly difficult to defend against. The aim is to move the ball from the forehand to the backhand and back again. Keep your knees bent and grip your stick in the dribbling position with hands around 30cms apart. Put the V of your left hand down the back of the stick to make it easier to rotate Use your left hand to rotate the stick fully over the ball and use your right hand to guide the stick. Holding your right hand a little looser around the stick should help. Turn the stick over the ball from the right hand side of your body to the left hand side and back again.

9 Travellers Sports - Hockey Coaching Manual - Page 9 of 23 The ball should be out in front of the body and moved in a zig-zag pattern across the ground. Transfer your body weight from left foot to right foot and vice versa. Keep your stick close to the ball and try to look up while you're dribbling. Trapping Get your stick down early, keeping it low to the ground with a nice firm but relaxed grip. Bend from the knees, not just the waist. Your hands should be approximately 30cms apart. The left hand should be near the top of the stick and the right hand further down. Bend your knees and absorb the ball against your stick out in front of the right foot - ie it should feel as though you are allowing your stick to "give" a little on contact. Keeping your hands relaxed at the point of contact will help. This is sometimes called "soft" hands. Just imagine you're clutching an egg in your fist but don't want to break the shell. Your body should be in line with the ball as it approaches you. Think of your stick as an extension of your thigh. This will allow a wider surface area for the stick to receive the ball. You may need to angle your stick down to help control the ball. If the ball is bouncing, hold the stick in a more upright position

10 Travellers Sports - Hockey Coaching Manual - Page 10 of 23 Reverse Side There's one more thing to remember when receiving the ball on the reverse side - get down low! It is even more important on the reverse side when it is much harder to control the ball. If you have time, the best way to receive the ball is with a flat, two-handed reverse stop. Get in position early, with your stick flat on the ground to the left of your body with the shaft angled forward. If you are not horizontal enough, the ball can bounce up off your stick or race beneath it. You will see some players so low their knuckles touch the astro. Push Pass Your hands should be approximately 30cm apart with the left hand near the top of the stick and the right hand further down. Keep your eyes on the ball, with your feet apart and knees bent. Make sure your back foot is roughly in line with the ball. Keep your stick in contact with the ball as you begin to shift your weight from back to front foot. Follow through keeping your stick in contact with the ball for as long as possible, increasing the speed of your stick head as you near your front foot. To gain more power and pace, make sure you are nice and low and side on to the target and follow through strongly with your stick - it should finish pointing towards the direction of the pass.

11 Travellers Sports - Hockey Coaching Manual - Page 11 of 23 Slap Hit The slap hit can be used quickly without changing your grip. It's great for shots on goal from close in, or for passes that need to be slightly stronger than a push or when you are being closed down quickly by an opponent. Keep your hands apart in the dribbling or trapping position rather than bring them both to the top of the stick. The backswing should be short and flat, with stick parallel to the ground. Keep the follow through low and your stick on the ground. If you want to lift the ball, angle the head of the stick upwards. Reverse Stick shot/sweep For most players, the open stick is their strongest side. That is why being able to play the reverse hit gives you extra ammunition. It can be used for passing or shooting at goal and can give you an element of surprise. Use a pancake grip to hold the stick - ie with your palms facing upwards - as if you were holding a frying pan and tossing a pancake. The hook of the stick should be turned in a clockwise direction with the flat side facing upwards.

12 Travellers Sports - Hockey Coaching Manual - Page 12 of 23 The backswing needs to be short, with the stick hugging the ground. You need to use your wrists to do this. Hit off the right foot with the ball slightly out in front. Use the inside edge of the stick - if you are shooting you may be aiming to lift the ball in a controlled manner, so aiming the stick down into the back of the ball will help get it airborne. If you are attempting more of a passing/sweep shot, get down much lower and aim to hit the middle of the ball with the inside leading edge of the stick. It will help if you try and keep the stick in contact with the ground on the backswing and follow through. Flick The flick is the hockey equivalent of a chip in football. Rather than running along the surface of the pitch, the ball is lifted off the ground. The flick can be used as a way of passing, as long as it is not deemed dangerous by the umpire. You can also use it to shoot at goal and from the penalty spot. It's also a deft way of flipping the ball over an opponent's stick. Lean back on your right leg and roll your right wrist and arm backwards. Keep a low body position.

13 The ball should be in line with the toes on the left foot. The stick face needs to be against the ball facing slightly upwards. Travellers Sports - Hockey Coaching Manual - Page 13 of 23 Block Tackle There are lots of different ways to tackle your opponent. The block tackle is one of the most commonly used. Put your left foot forward with your knee bent and your back leg stretched behind you. Bide your time - if you get your stick down too early you will become immobile and it will be easy for your opponent to catch you off balance and dribble around you. So time your tackle until the last moment. Have your stick at right angles to the line of the ball. You can reach for the ball with one or both hands. Don't swing for the ball with your stick - keep it low on the ground. Put the shaft of your stick in front of the ball.

14 Travellers Sports - Hockey Coaching Manual - Page 14 of 23 Once the tackle has been made, use both hands on the stick to make it easier for you to hold possession. The Jab Tackle This is how you use your stick to get the ball off the opposition. You need to be able to tackle no matter what position you play - the jab is one of the most effective ways of doing it. Be careful though, if you hit your opponent's stick before the ball, the umpire will give a free hit against you. You can use the jab to slow down the ball carrier or dislodge the ball. Hold your stick with both hands, with the handle pointing towards your waist area. Put your left foot forward. Jab the stick forward with your left hand. If the ball has run clear of their stick and the time is right to try and dislodge the ball, make your move. Otherwise, just faking the jab with your body and arm will still force your opponent to keep their eyes down on the ball, and make it harder for them to spot and make a pass. Defending corners in hockey is of vital importance as many goals are scored through short corners. Being well organised in defence when defending a short corner is very important. Here are a few short corner defensive routines to help you: Two post men Defending Corners 1. GK player 0 comes 4 or 5 yards out, the post men 2 and 3 stay on their respective posts, the first man out number 1, does the normal job. 2. The pad man player 4 has two options to do a normal pad clearance from the GK left or to do the same job from the GK right side. 3. The decision will be based on the attacking line up and the most likely switches they will use and which player 4 might have to cover.

15 Travellers Sports - Hockey Coaching Manual - Page 15 of 23 Two men out 1. Player 1 is the first man out, player 2 comes out a long way to block the slip left, post man player 3 is on the right hand post and player 4 does the clearances off the pads as normal. 2. A variation is to switch the post man and pad man, so the left post has the post man and the pad man goes to the GK s right hand side. 3. The following example has the injector coming from the GK's right hand side: Four Man box 1. The four defenders form a box. 2. The advantage of this particular defence is that this together with the slip back onto the penalty spot! can counteract the slips to the left and right, 3. Obviously the cover for the GK for a direct shot is reduced, so this may be an option when you are confident the attackers are about to produce a slip routine.

16 Travellers Sports - Hockey Coaching Manual - Page 16 of 23 Drills Shooting Drills First touch finishing drill 1. Each player will receive 10 passes into the top of the circle from either a coach or another player. 2. Player A is in a confined area by cones that are 5 yards long and 5 yards wide 3. Player A is positioned in a game like situations with his/her back to goal and needs to realize that there is immediate pressure from behind and with very little time to shoot 4. On each pass into the circle Player A is only allowed to touch the ball twice Once to prepare it then next to shoot! 5. Accurate and powerful forehand and backing hitting is essential in this zone of the circle Shooting with Fitness 1. The shooter starts on a cone at the top of the circle with 5 balls. There is another cone 5 yards to the shooters right. 2. The goalkeeper starts in the middle of the goal. There is a cone five yards to the goalkeepers left on the goal-line. 3. The shooter dribbles the ball around the cone to the right and back to the top of the circle. There, he carries the ball around the cone turns his body and shoots forehand. If there is a rebound that stays in play, he plays the ball until it is in the goal or out of play. He then gathers the next ball and repeats, until the final ball is played. 4. The Goalkeeper runs to the cone at the side, touches it with his stick, and returns to make the save. He plays the rebounds as above. 5. When the shooter picks up the next ball, the goalkeeper repeats step one until the balls are finished. Quick Release Shooting: Flick or Wrist shot 1. The target player, or shooter, starts by a cone in the middle of the circle: the central cone. Close to the penalty spot is a good starting point. 2. The passer stands, with the balls, by a cone on one side of the circle (on left in diagram below) about 10 yards from the shooter. 3. Ther e is another cone, two or three yards away from the shooter, on the opposite side from the passer. 4. The shooter sets up on the central cone. He drifts slowly to the decoy cone, then cuts back towards the central cone (and towards the player with the ball). 5. As he receives the ball, he pushes it with the first touch into the space away from the defender. In the practice there is no defender there, but "away from the defender" usually means "away from the goal". As the ball moves into the space, the shooter moves his feet and body into position to flick the ball at goal. 6. The shooter releases the shot. The primary target should be low in one corner of the goal if the goalkeeper is standing. But this may change if the shooter has seen that the goalkeeper is out of position, or on the ground. 7. The shooter follows the shot towards the goal to pick up a rebound. If there is no rebound, he drifts again to the decoy cone, and begins the drill again. 8. The shooter should work in sets of 10. Recovery can consist of jogging to get the balls and setting them up with the passer again. 9. The second set should be from a different angle. If the first set of balls was passed in from square on the right side of the circle, pass the next set in from directly behind the shooter (top of the circle). 10. The next set can be passed in from the left side.

17 Travellers Sports - Hockey Coaching Manual - Page 17 of 23 The different angles allow the shooter to understand receiving and positioning the ball from different passes. Legend Cone Run Pass Shot Attacking & Defending Drills 5 v 5 with a change of possession stipulation 1. Set up a mini hockey field 50 yards long and 40 yards wide. 2. Goals will be set at both ends along with designated circle areas. 3. Divide players into 2 teams team begins with 5 attack players while the other defending team with Ball is inserted by you into center of the field. 6. When the attacking team is dispossessed or they cough the ball up, the attacking team will lose 1 player (drop to 4) while the once defending team will gain 1 player. The advantage now switched on a change of possession. 3 v 2 Game of Transition 1. The playing area is 50 yards long by 30 yards wide. The playing area is divided by the 25 yard line. Goals are at either end. 2. Divide your players into 2 teams. 1 team will defend for 15 minutes while the other will attack. Switch roles after the allotted time for a total of 30 minutes. 3. Position 2 defenders on either side of the 25 yard line. Instruct 3 attacking players to enter the playing area. 4. Game begins when coach passes the ball to an attacking player in the center. 5. Attacking players will receive 1 point for scoring at either goal (non directional). 6. Defenders are faced with a numerical inferior situation ( 2v3 or 1v2). If the defender wins the ball they have the option to attack the opposite end from which they won the ball for 2 points. 7. Make rolling substitutions every 2 minutes. 8. Vary the game 4v3 or 6v4 3 v 3 1. Playing area is 30 by 30 yards with goals at either end. Identify circle areas for scoring players ( 2 teams of 6), 2 goalkeepers. Game begins in a 3 v 3 situation. 2. Every time a goal is scored the team that conceded the goal loses a player until they are left with "0".

18 Travellers Sports - Hockey Coaching Manual - Page 18 of All rules apply. When scored on the scoring team must cross the midpoint line before applying pressure again while the opposing team will attempt a counter immediately. Rotate all 6 players after a team reaches "0". Zone Defense 1. Divide six players into two teams - attackers and defenders. 2. Each defender must only defend within their zone. They may challenge when defending but must avoid clashing of sticks. 3. Attackers start by passing the ball from one end line and try to get to the other end line. 4. They must dribble and pass the ball to beat each defender in their zone without losing the ball to the defender or running outside the grid. 5. Attackers score 1 point each time they reach the other end without defenders taking the ball. 6. Defenders score 2 points each time they gain the ball. 7. When the attack breaks down or attackers get to the end line the return to start to go again. Passing Drills Diamond Drill 1vs 1, 2 vs 2 1. The players on the corners must stay in position. 2. O has the ball on the lower corner (see diagram), O in the middle moves to get away from his defender (X) to receive a pass. O carries the ball to eliminate X, or to find a passing lane, then passes to O on the opposite corner of the diamond. X in the middle tries to break up the play. 3. When the pass is successfully made to the opposite corner, the play continues, going back the opposite way. 4. Score a point when the pass is completed successfully. 5. If X gets possession, the X s attempt the same passing pattern. Rotate the players in the middle as necessary.

19 Travellers Sports - Hockey Coaching Manual - Page 19 of 23 Circuit Passing 1. Divide your players into two teams in alternating positions in a large circle or square. 2. Each side starts with a ball on opposite sides of the circle or square. 3. On the command of go from you, both teams pass the ball in a clockwise direction around the circle or square to each team member in turn (the ball must be passed to the closest team member). 4. The aim of the game is to overtake the ball of the opposite side. 5. After the sides have become confident with one ball you can then introduce two balls for each side. Aim to have players: Passing flat and accurate to the player on their side Passing to the right foot Trapping with a relaxed right hand, allowing the ball across their body Using their vision - eyes up to know where their next pass is and know from where their next pass is coming. Puss Pass Drill 1. Hockey balls are placed in a 5-10m square or circle. 2. Two players attempt to empty the square of hockey balls by pushing them out of the square in one direction, one at a time. 3. The other players must either try to stop them or retrieve the balls and return them into the box at the side by pushing the ball back into the box, in attempt to keep the box full. Continue until all the balls have left the box. Concentrate on: Vision, knowing where your partners is Passing flat to your partner - try passing on the run. Trapping allow the ball to go across your body - relax right hand Dribbling - low ball in line or in front of left foot Look to pass off the left and right foot

20 Travellers Sports - Hockey Coaching Manual - Page 20 of 23 Dribbling Drills 1. Dribbling into a figure of eight using the front stick: - This drill helps the players in accelerating turn s when it is necessary. It is important that they always use the front stick. 2. Dribbling 2 wide cones: - This drill needs a lot of attention. The players should know how to use the reverse stick properly. You start running towards the left hand cone and than change the direction towards the right. 3. This is a simple curved Indian dribble. 4. Dribbling with the aid of the board 5. Again as no.2 the players should have a good reverse stick. 6. Simple dribbling on the front stick. Goal Keeping Drills Exercise one 1. The player with the ball, the keeper has to kick the ball back to the player. Exercise two 1. The trainer will place some cones to oblige the keeper to make good clearances and sharp ones. 2. The player will have three different possibilities one in the centre and two on each side of the keeper, there the keeper will have to dive to clear and save the ball which cannot go between the cone and the post it must be cleared beyond the cones. 3. For the rest of the cones, the ball will have to be cleared between the cones. 4. The player can start with the legs and then he can lift the ball, higher and higher.

21 Travellers Sports - Hockey Coaching Manual - Page 21 of 23 Exercise three 1. The player takes 15 balls which he places all around the D. 2. The cones are at the same place, with the same use. 3. The player will hit the ball as quickly as possible and will try to shoot towards the keeper. 4. Like in the precedent exercise, the player can lift the ball and as there are 15 balls he can change whenever he wants. The player can also hit softly and then much harder. Fun Hockey Games Piggy in the middle 1. You need five players for this drill. 2. Lay out a square about 10m by 10m using some cones or other objects. 3. One player will be positioned on each of the four corners and one in the middle. 4. Players on the corner of the square pass to each other while the middle player tries to intercept the ball. 5. The player whose pass is intercepted becomes the new piggy in the middle. Tips to become a successful coach Speak Clearly When you are coaching it is important that you speak clearly and in a loud voice if coaching to a large group. Also ask the children if they understand and don t be afraid to repeat yourself if they do not understand which they often don t because of your accent. Keep questioning the players When coaching young players it is essential that they understand why and how they are doing a particular drill or skill. When doing a drill explain to them in detail the coaching techniques so that they un derstand exactly what is asked of them. Also ask the players to repeat what you have asked them to do, this will ensure that they remember it for next time. Repea t the drill/skill until players get it right When d oing a drill or skill make sure that the players understand what is asked of them, also keep workin g on the particular drill or skill if they can not do it don t just skip on to the next one as it wont help there future hockey development. Ensure that the players are hydrated When coaching hockey you are likely to be coaching in a very hot country. It is essential that you keep your self hydrated as well as your players. Encourage your players to bring lots of water with them to training and include plenty of water breaks in the session.

22 Travellers Sports - Hockey Coaching Manual - Page 22 of 23 Check the playing surface Often when your coaching you will find that the pitch will not be clean. It is important that before a session you check the playing surface and remove any thing that could cause harm to the players. Drills teach technique not decision making Drills can only teach children the proper techniques for skills such as hitting, passing etc. Drills can not develop the ability to make the right decision in a game when to pass etc. Encourage Team Play Encourage your players to work as a team when playing and training. Stress the fact that hockey is a team game and that they must work together as a team. Keep children moving Children should never be standing around waiting in a queue for their turn at a drill. If children are resting for more than 20 seconds to restart the drill, then try and set up another drill again alongside the first. Alternatively set up a second drill of a different skill that the children can do whilst waiting in line. A good balance of hard work and fun Always remember that fun is definitely part of each game and practice! If you run your team into the gro und during hard practice sessions and never let them have a chance to smile, relax, or blow off some steam, you'll soon discover that you have transformed play into work for the children. Let the kids get their work done on the field and then let them have some time off a bit in practice. Come game time, you'll find that they will be more focused. Lead by example As a coach you should lead by example to gain the trust and respect of the kids. Coaches of children are seen as role models and therefore the position carries responsibility. How you behave, dress and your attitude all set an example. These high standards will rub off. Concentration Children s concentration spans are known to be less than adults. Having the full concentration of the children will increase the value of all exercises and drills considerably. Be realistic, and be ready to move on to the next drill when concentration wanes. A number of skills exercises each done for less than 3 minutes at maximum intensity provides a superior training session compared to one exercise done time after time References

23 Travellers Sports - Hockey Coaching Manual - Page 23 of 23 Copyright TRAVELQUEST LIMITED. All Rights Reserved. No part of this document may be used, translated into another language, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written consent of TRAVELQUEST LIMITED. While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of this document, TRAVELQUEST LIMITED assumes no responsibility for omissions and errors. Neither is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of information contained herein. TRAVELQUEST LIMITED reserves the right to revise any information contained in this document without prior notice. Questions or comment regarding this document or the project to which it relates should be directed to: Travellers Worldwide 7 Mulberry Close Ferring West Sussex BN12 5HY Tel: +44 (0) Fax: +44 (0) info@travellersworldwide.com