OCN201 Biology Section Fall 2011

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1 OCN201 Biology Section Fall 2011 Last Name First Name Student ID# Answer #1-#42 on the computer-scan sheet ONLY. Use a dark (#2) pencil only, and make marks neatly within the circles. If you change an answer, erase completely. True/False questions (#1-21) are worth 1 point each. Multiple Choice questions (#22-42) are worth 2 points each. Answer #43-45 on this exam sheet ONLY! Each short answer question is worth 4 points each. GOOD LUCK!

2 TRUE/FALSE ANSWER ON SCAN SHEET (A = true; B = false) Indicate whether the statement is true or false. 1 point per question. 1. According to the serial endosymbiosis theory, eukaryotes developed as a result of a symbiotic association between a sponge and a tunicate. 2. Corals have only one opening to their digestive cavity. 3. Phytoplankton are photoautotrophs. 4. Polar oceans have very low productivity for most of the year because they are light limited. 5. The Darwin Point refers to how atolls are formed. 6. In fisheries, the maximum sustainable yield is the amount of fish that must be caught each year to sustain the current rate of growth of the human population Geological evidence indicates that life on earth began at least 3.5 billion years ago. CO 2 and water are the two main things limiting primary productivity in the ocean. 9. Zooxanthellae are parasites of coral. 10. Some sharks are filter feeders. 11. Deoxyribonucleic acid is also known as RNA. 12. Functional classifications are based on DNA. 13. Most organisms in the deep sea depend on food falling down from the surface. 14. Populations only contain one species. 15. Sea grasses are responsible for most of the primary productivity in the ocean. 16. Marine snow refers to salt crystals formed from sea spray. 17. The compensation depth for zooplankton is the same as for phytoplankton. 18. Polychaetes can breathe through their feet. 19. Sharks can sense electric fields. 20. Barnacles living on whale skin are an example of symbiotic mutualism. 21. Fisheries yields have been dramatically increasing for the past ten years.

3 MULTIPLE CHOICE ANSWER ON SCAN SHEET Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 2 points per question. 22. Which Family does the snail, Ba humbugi, from Mba Island, Fiji below belongs to? Its full proper taxonomic identity is: Eukaryota, Animalia, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stylommatophora, Endodontidae, Ba, humbugi. a. Gastropoda c. Humbugi b. Endodontidae d. Scrooge s 23. What are the 4 common groups of phytoplankton? a. Foraminifera, Copepods, Ciliates, and Radiolaria c. Cyanobacteria, Diatoms, Dinoflagellates, Coccolithophorids b. Kelp, Sea Grasses, Limu, Algae d. Flagellates, Ciliates, Amoeba, Archaea 24. Dr. Steve Haddock at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) was interviewed in a movie shown in class about gelatinous zooplankton. What was the name that he came up with for this diverse group of invertebrates? a. Jellyfish c. Oozy Creatures b. Zoop-Soup d. Gelata (like the Italian ice cream) 25. At hydrothermal vents, bacteria get the energy to drive chemosynthesis from: a. sunlight c. sugar b. hydrogen sulfide d. heat 26. Bony fish belong to the Class: a. Chondrichthyes c. Osteicthyes b. Mammalia d. Odontocetes

4 27. Which of the following is NOT true of hagfish? a. It secretes a lot of slime when disturbed c. It can tie its body in a knot b. It has no jaws d. It is an ambush predator 28. The preferred term for a Red Tide is: a. Sea Slime c. Tide of Death b. Toxic Phytoplankton Invasion d. Harmful Algal Bloom 29. The largest species on earth, the Blue Whale, is a: a. Osteichthyes c. Toothed Whales b. Chondrichthyes d. Baleen Whale 30. A depressed fish: a. has a flattened body form c. eats tuna b. has an oval body form d. is really really sad 31. Which of the following is NOT a mollusk? a. Sea cucumber c. Snail b. Squid d. Clam 32. Countershading refers to: a. having a reduced silhouette c. using flashes to attract prey b. having a light belly and a dark back d. producing light like a flashlight 33. The White Cliffs of Dover refers to a geological feature composed mainly of: a. Organic matter from dead bacteria c. Calcium carbonate produced by phytoplankton called coccolithophores b. Discarded shells of the chambered nautilus d. Clam shells and sand

5 34. An animal that eats only herbivores is a: a. parasite c. photoautotroph b. vegetarian d. secondary consumer 35. Which is NOT a feature of Odontocete whales? a. One blowhole c. Uses echolocation b. Baleen d. Teeth 36. Animals living within sediments are referred to as: a. Infauna c. Pelagic b. Epiflora d. Sedimentary 37. Which of the following is the most abundant type of cellular life in the sea: a. Fishes c. Bacteria b. Protists d. Jellyfish 38. Which of the following is a Vertebrate? a. Whale Shark c. Nudibranch b. Squid d. Coral 39. A polysaccharide is: a. Two monosaccharides joined c. A long chain of fatty acids b. Two ribonucleic acids joined d. A long chain of monosaccharides 40. Coral Reefs are built by: a. many organisms, but primarily stony corals b. many organisms, but primarily soft corals c. stony corals and worms d. soft corals and squid

6 41. Longlining is: a. A type of fishing using long nets c. A type of fishing using long lines and baited encircle fish hooks b. A type of crab pot d. A type of fishing that causes a lot of damage to the benthos 42. Animals that are NOT able to swim strongly enough to make headway against ocean currents are referred to as: a. plankton c. nekton b. sessile d. oceanic NEXT PAGE HAS SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS PLEASE CONTINUE!

7 SHORT ANSWER ANSWER HERE (use reverse if more space is required). 4 points per question. 43. Describe a Trophic Cascade (2 pts) and give one example of it in the marine environment (2 pts). 44. In a food chain, the biomass decreases at each successively higher trophic level. What is the term for this distribution (2 pts.) and why does this happen (2 pts)? ONE MORE QUESTION GO TO NEXT PAGE!

8 45. For the graph below, depicting how photosynthesis and respiration change with depth during daylight hours, indicate which line represents photosynthesis and which represents respiration (2 pts.). Also indicate on the graph (with a circle or an arrow) the location of the compensation depth (2 pts). Dashed Line represents: Solid Line represents: Photosynthesis or Respiration Depth LAST PAGE OF EXAM!

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