METHODS FINDINGS Q & A

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3 METHODS FINDINGS Q & A

4 METHODS

5 RESPONDENTS 9,586 Afghans 8,912 in secure and semi-secure areas 674 intercept interviews Gender balanced 34 provinces 81% rural, 18% urban 75,000+ AFGHANS INTERVIEWED SINCE 2004

6 Interviewers are local Local parters Findings used by Afghan government 6

7 MONITORING

8 KEY FINDINGS

9 NATIONAL MOOD RIGHT DIRECTION WRONG DIRECTION

10 REASONS: RIGHT DIRECTION RECONSTRUCTION / REBUILDING GOOD SECURITY IMPROVEMENT IN HAVING ACTIVE ANA EDUCATION SYSTEM AND ANP GOOD GOVERNMENT ECONOMIC REVIVAL DEMOCRACY / ELECTIONS

11 REASONS: WRONG DIRECTION INSECURITY UNEMPLOYMENT CORRUPTION BAD ECONOMY BAD GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATIVE CORRUPTION

12 BIGGEST PROBLEMS FACING AFGHANISTAN SECURITY ISSUES / ATTACKS /VIOLENCE CORRUPTION UNEMPLOYMENT POOR ECONOMY EDUCATION / SCHOOLS / LITERACY PRESENCE OF TALIBAN POVERTY

13 BIGGEST PROBLEMS FACING YOUR LOCAL AREA UNEMPLOYMENT SECURITY ISSUES / ATTACKS / VIOLENCE ELECTRICITY ROADS WATER EDUCATION / SCHOOLS / LITERACY HEALTH CARE / CLINICS / HOSPITALS

14 BIGGEST PROBLEMS FACING YOUTH Rural Urban UNEMPLOYMENT ILLITERACY POOR ECONOMY NO HIGHER EDUCATION OPPORTUNITIES FOR YOUTH BECOMING DRUG ADDICTS INSECURITY

15 SECURITY

16 FEAR FOR PERSONAL SAFETY

17 WHO IS MOST RESPONSIBLE FOR SECURITY IN YOUR VILLAGE? 47% 26% 21% 2% FOREIGN ARMIES 2% ANA ALP ANP AOGs

18 ANSF HELPS IMPROVE SECURITY (% AGREE) ANA ANP

19 NEED FOREIGN SUPPORT TO OPERATE (% AGREE) ANA ANP ALP

20 PERCEPTION OF DAESH (ISIS) 84 HAVE HEARD OF ISIS SAY ISIS IS THREAT TO DISTRICT CENTRAL / KABUL EAST SOUTH EAST SOUTH WEST WEST NORTH EAST HAZARAJAT NORTH WEST

21 REPORTED SYMPATHY FOR ARMED OPPOSITION GROUPS (% SAYING A LOT )

22 REASONS ARMED OPPOSITION GROUPS FIGHT THE GOVERNMENT PRESENCE OF FOREIGN FORCES TO GAIN POWER

23 WOMEN IN SOCIETY

24 BIGGEST PROBLEMS FACING WOMEN EDUCATION / ILLITERACY UNEMPLOYMENT/LACK OF JOBS DOMESTIC VIOLENCE LACK OF RIGHTS / WOMEN'S RIGHTS FORCED MARRIAGES/ DOWRY * Multiple response

25 LEADERSHIP POSITIONS: SHOULD WOMEN HAVE ACCESS? Strongly and Somewhat Agree 74 Strongly and Somewhat Disagree Member of a Community Development Council Minister or Cabinet Member Governor of a Province CEO of a Large Company Running for President of Afghanistan

26 ACCEPTABLE WORKPLACES FOR WOMEN (% AGREE) HOSPITALS/ CLINICS GOV'T OFFICES NGOs ARMY/ POLICE

27 ACCEPTABLE WORKPLACES FOR WOMEN (% AGREE) 86 FEMALE-ONLY CO-ED SCHOOLS COMPANY 27

28 SUPPORT FOR WOMEN S ACCESS TO EDUCATION 94 Strongly and Somewhat Agree Strongly and Somewhat Disagree Islamic madrasa education Primary school High school University in your province Studying in another province Studying abroad on scholarship

29 WOMEN CONTRIBUTE TO HOUSEHOLD INCOME

30 GOVERNANCE

31 GOVERNMENT PERFORMANCE (% SAYING GOOD JOB) NATIONAL GOVERNMENT MUNICIPAL AUTHORITY PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT DISTRICT GOVERNMENT

32 CORRUPTION: MAJOR PROBLEM IN DAILY LIFE

33 CORRUPTION RATE 2014 (%) 2015 (%) CHANGE SINCE 2006 (%) MUNICIPALITY / DISTRICT GOV OFFICE JUDICIARY / COURTS PROVINCIAL GOVERNOR S OFFICE n/a CUSTOMS OFFICE WHEN APPLYING FOR A JOB % STATE ELECTRICITY SUPPLY ANP % PUBLIC HEALTHCARE SERVICE ANA ADMISSIONS TO SCHOOLS / UNIVERSITY

34 SATISFACTION WITH DEMOCRACY

35 JUSTICE PROVIDERS STATE COURTS SHURAS/JIRGAS FAIR AND TRUSTED FOLLOW LOCAL NORMS DELIVER JUSTICE ARE EFFICIENT

36 ECONOMIC GROWTH & EMPLOYMENT

37 BIGGEST PROBLEMS FACING LOCAL AREA

38 BIGGEST PROBLEMS FACING YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT ILLITERACY POOR ECONOMY NO HIGHER EDUCATION OPPORTUNITIES FOR YOUTH DRUG ADDICTION INSECURITY

39 PERCEPTION OF HOUSEHOLD FINANCIAL SITUATION 2012 BETTER THE SAME WORSE 2015 BETTER THE SAME WORSE

40 IF GIVEN AN OPPORTUNITY, WOULD YOU LEAVE THE COUNTRY? YES

41 SERVICES

42 AWARENESS OF PROJECTS IN LOCAL AREA 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% RECONSTRUCTION WATER FOR IRRIGATION PROGRAMS IN AGRICULTURE BUILDING NEW MOSQUES DRINKING WATER HEALTHCARE PROGRAMS IN INDUSTRY

43 BIGGEST FUNDERS OF LOCAL PROJECTS UNITED STATES 40% 28% 23% AFGHAN GOVERNMENT 11% 25% 25% PEOPLE THEMSELVES 0% 8% 11%

44 ACCESS TO INFORMATION

45 TV OWNERSHIP

46 SOURCES OF NEWS & INFORMATION Radio TV set Mobile phone The internet Mosque Community shuras

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49 Where do these findings leave us? What is the significance of these findings in terms of policy? at are the major issues are facing women through the transition? These findings are consistent with what we find in the field

50 IMPLICATIONS

51 LOCAL CHALLENGES Biggest local problem is unemployment Biggest problem facing urban and rural youth is unemployment Local ethnic/tribal identities, patronage networks, and competition for power, influence, and resources

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54 NATIONAL CHALLENGES Brain drain: migration of skilled, educated men and families Informal justice providers (shuras, jirgas, maliks, khans, elders) are perceived as more trustworthy and efficient than state courts Linking rural producers with urban markets Political barriers, corruption and capacity deficits in providing efficient service delivery (decreased confidence in government institutions)

55 IF GIVEN AN OPPORTUNITY, WOULD YOU LEAVE THE COUNTRY? Afghans who say they would leave Afghanistan, on average, are: Afghans who say they would NOT leave Afghanistan, on average, are: Men Educated Younger Urban Single Have heard of ISIS Say the ANSF need foreign support to operate Women Less educated Older Rural Married Have not heard of ISIS Less likely to say the ANSF need outside support

56 LAND DISPUTE RESOLUTION FORMAL NON-FORMAL

57 OPPORTUNITIES Unifying forces exist (national sports, multilateral economic and political cooperation, peace processes) Most Afghans prioritize their national identity (57%) over their religious (22%) or ethnic (21%) identities 57

58 OPPORTUNITIES Some infrastructure remains underused (storage facilities) In urban areas, many skilled workers have been trained in management, logistics, and professional/technical fields since

59 OPPORTUNITIES Demographics: Over half of population is <18 28% decrease in sympathy for violent antigovernment opposition groups since

60 Thank you! THANK YOU! 60

61 CONFIDENCE ( SOME OR A LOT ) CHANGE INDEPENDENT ELECTION COMMISSION (IEC) CABINET MINISTERS NGOs (INTERNATIONAL) MEDIA NGOs (AFGHAN) PARLIAMENT PROVINCIAL COUNCILS RELIGIOUS LEADERS