International Conference on Transportation Infrastructure Projects Conception To Execution

Transcription

1 International Conference on Transportation Infrastructure Projects Conception To Execution TIPCE 2019 Formulation of Engineering Countermeasures for Accident Blackspots using irap as a Tool Case Study : Shimla to Mataur (NH-88) Himachal Pradesh India DR. PK SIKDAR SHAWON AZIZ PRESIDENT Intercontinental Consultants and Technocrats Delhi Deputy Manager Intercontinental Consultants and Technocrats Delhi

2 Global Scenario of Road Accidents The Decade of Action for Road Safety was officially proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly in March 2010 WHO estimates that 1.35 Million People die each Year Due to Road Accidents Road accident is the 8 th cause of Death in the World leading Road Injuries is now the Leading cause of death for Children between 5-14 years and Young Adults between Years of Age Low Income Countries have 1% of the World s Registered s but account for 13% of the Road Deaths In Every 24 seconds, someone dies on a road in some corner of the Earth 26.6 AFRICAN REGION 20.7 SOUTH EAST ASIAN REGION Source: Global Status Report on Road Safety 2018 Fatalities per 1 Lakh Population WORLD EAST WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN PACIFIC REGION REGION AMERICAN REGION 9.3 EUROPEAN REGION Road Accidents is a major BUT Neglected public health issue worldwide!!

3 Indian Scenario of Road Accidents Statistical Facts Road crashes cost up to 3% of the country's GDP. Total No. of Accidents in 2015 were 5,01,423 and 4,80,652 in 2016 (MoRTH-2016) Accidents in 2016 The total number of persons killed increased by 3.2% from 1,46,133 in 2015 to 1,50,785 in 2016 Road accidents have injured more than 48,000 people in Himachal Pradesh in last 9 years Road accidents have led to death of 10,393 people in last 9 years in the State Source: NCRB Road Accidents Statistics in Himachal Pradesh Year Total Accidents Persons Killed Persons Injured ,051 1,140 5, ,069 1,102 5, ,099 1,353 5, ,899 1,109 5, ,981 1,054 5, ,058 1,199 5, ,010 1,097 5, ,153 1,163 5, ,119 1,176 5,338 Total 27,439 10,393 48,412 Source : As per MoRTH, Road Accident Blackspot is a stretch of National Highway of about 500m in length in which either 5 road accidents or 10 fatalities took place during the last 3 calendar years.

4 Introduction to the Project Consultancy Services for Preparation of Feasibility and Detailed Project Report for up-gradation to 4 Lane of Shimla to Mataur Section (Km to Km ) of NH-88 in the State of Himachal Pradesh through BOT/Hybrid Annuity/EPC mode As a part of the Detailed Project Road (DPR) study, the Consultant has carried out Road safety Audit of the existing road along with irap assessment of Accident Blackspots A district wise list of Accident blackspots throughout the state was provided by Public Works Department (PWD) of Himachal Pradesh Note: While a definite protocol is available from MoRTH for identification of blackspot, it is not known how these were identified for the state highways, and one of which is now converted to National Highway NH-88. MoRTH suggests to take a stretch of 500m length of the road stretch as the length of blackspot, and that has been adopted here.

5 irap Software (ViDA) METHODOLOGY List of Accident Blackspots provided by PWD Himachal Pradesh Literature Study 5 Pillars of Road Safety DATA COLLECTION Pillar 1 Road Safety Management Pillar 2 Road Infrastructure Pillar3 Safer s Pillar 4 Road User Behavior Pillar 5 Post Crash Care PRIMARY SURVEY Road Inventory Spot Speed Analysis Traffic Volume Count Peak Hour Bicycle Blow Peak Hour Pedestrian Flow SECONDARY DATA Accident Statistics ( Police) Demographics (Census) Economic cost of Accident (Previous Studies) Countermeasure Cost (PWD Schedule of Rates) Road Inventory Attribute Coding of every 100m section Agency Strategy Targets Funding Safer Road Road Infrastructur e Rating Aspect covered in the research paper Harmonizati on of Standards ITS in R&D for safety Seat Belts Restraints Motorcycle Helmets Speed Manageme nt Pre Hospital Care Trauma Care Analysis & Estimation of Star Rating Scores Counter Measure generation to increase Star Rating Estimate of Deaths and serious injuries prevented Safer Road Investment Plan & Economic Analysis Economic Cost of Accident The economic cost of a death is estimated to be: 60 x (GDP) per capita (current prices) The economic cost of serious injury is assumed to be :- 25% of fatal injury cost Source:- McMahon and Dahdah (World Bank, 2008) Type of Injury Economic Cost Death/ Injury Fatal 70,13,280 Serious 17,53,320 Conclusion

6 Introduction to International Road Assessment Program Star Ratings is a measure of the level of safety of different Road Users Five-star roads are the safest while one-star roads are the least safe. irap considers more than 90 proven road improvement options to generate economically sound Safer Road Investment Plans (SRIP) irap (International Road Assessment Program ) is a registered Charity which Inspect roads and develop Star Ratings

7 International Case Studies CHILE EGYPT MALAYASIA Star Rating Occupant Pedestrian Bicycle % Length % Length % Length 5 Star 0% 3% 0% 4 Star 14% 16% 3% 3 Star 24% 81% 15% 2 Star 59% 0% 63% 1 Star 3% 0% 19% Length of Road Surveyed 2541 km Estimated initial cost of construction $ (CLP) 30 bn Estimated Maintenance Cost (20Years) $ (CLP) 32 bn FSI Saved (20 Years) Benefit Cost Ratio 32 Star Rating Occupant MotorCycle Pedestrian Bicycle % Length % Length % Length % Length 5 Star 0% 0% 0% 0% 4 Star 6% 0% 1% 0% 3 Star 40% 23% 1% 1% 2 Star 36% 45% 3% 6% 1 Star 18% 32% 11% 12% Length of Road Surveyed 3273 km Estimated initial cost of construction EGP currency Total Present Value of Safety Benefits FSI Saved (20 Years) Benefit Cost Ratio 4 Star Rating Occupant Motor Cycle Pedestrian Bicycle % Length % Length % Length % Length 5 Star 0% 0% 0% 0% 4 Star 32% 24% 0% 2% 3 Star 26% 35% 48% 16% 2 Star 31% 34% 51% 65% 1 Star 12% 7% 1% 17% Length of Road Surveyed Estimated initial cost of construction Estimated Maintenance Cost (20Years) Malaysian Currency 3700 km 556 Million 578 Million FSI Saved (20 Years) Value of Safety Benefit (20 Years) 9.3 bn Benefit Cost Ratio 16

8 Source: Austroads ( ) Road Safety Risk Assessment Project Delineation Road Safety Treatments Pedestrian Fencing Cost- Low Life Years Effectiveness 25-40% Pedestrian Refuge Island Chevron Markings, Line markings, Guide posts, Retro reflective markers Signalized Pedestrian Crossings Cost- Medium Life Years Effectiveness 25-40% Cost Low Life 5-10 Years Effectiveness 25-40% Bicycle Lanes Cost- Low Life 1-5 Years Effectiveness 10-25%. Grade-Separated Pedestrian Facility Shoulder Sealing & Rumble Strips Cost High, Life- 20 Years, Effectiveness 60% Cost Medium Life Years Effectiveness 25-40% Cost- Medium Life Years Effectiveness %

9 Building up a crash type For each user group crash type the format is: Star Rating Score Likelihood Severity External flow influence Operating speed Individual road users risk of crash type Likelihood of crash initialisation Severity of crash when it does occur The influence of vehicle flow to the individual road users risk.

10 Star Rating Demonstration

11 Star Rating Demonstration

12 Star Rating Demonstration

13 S.No List of Accident Blackspots along Project Road NH-88 Name of Accident Blackspot Landmark Latitude Longitude District Police Station NH Chainage of Blackspot 1 Heera Nagar Near Bus Stop Shimla Heera Nagar NH Shalaghat (Kunihar Junction) 3 Arm Intersection Solan Darlagaht NH Jharna 4 Darla Mor 5 Shamla 6 Sigrithi 7 Nauni Darlaghat-Shimla Road (near Jharna Bhojnalaya) 3-Arm intersection near Sharp Curve Near Bharat Petroleum (Darlaghat) Near Jalpa Mata Temple (Namhol) Nauni Chowk (3 Arm Intersection) Solan Darlagaht NH Solan Darlagaht NH Solan Darlagaht NH Bilaspur Pungh NH Bilaspur Sadar Bilaspur NH Ghaghas Chowk Near Bridge Bilaspur Sadar Bilaspur NH (as per old alignment chainage 9 ITI Chowk Bilaspur-Ghumarwin Chowk Bilaspur Sadar Bilaspur NH Kandrour Near Bridge Bilaspur Ghumarwin Police Station NH Bhager Junction 3 Arm Intersection Bilaspur Ghumarwin NH Patta Junction 2 Km from Ghumarwin on Hamirpur Road Bilaspur Ghumarwin NH Klari Near Govt.PG College Ghumarwin Bilaspur Ghumarwin Police Station NH Dadhol Near Bridge Bilaspur Ghumarwin NH

14 List of Accident Blackspots along Project Road NH-88 S.No Name of Accident Blackspot Landmark Latitude Longitude District Police Station NH Chainage of Blackspot 14 Dadhol Near Bridge Bilaspur Ghumarwin NH Bhota Chowk 16 Didwin Tikker Bhota Chowk 3 Arm Junction Didwin Tikker 3 arm intersection Hamirpur Sadar Hamirpur NH Hmairpur Sadar Hamirpur NH Dosarka 3 Arm Intersection Dosarka Hamirpur Sadar Hamirpur NH Hamirpur Bus Stand Rangas (Nadaun Junction) Gagal (Nadaun Junction) Near Hamirpur Bus Stand Hmairpur Sadar Hamirpur NH Hamirpur Nadaun Road Hamirpur Sadar Hamirpur NH Near Bus Stop Nadaun Hamirpur Sadar Hamirpur NH Bela Near Post Office Nadaun Hamirpur Sadar Police Hamirpur NH Jatoll Near Beas Bridge Nadaun Hamirpur Sadar Hamirpur NH Tayala Near Shiv Temple 3 Arm Junction Kangra Kangra NH Bagalmukhi Near Temple Jawalamukhi Kangra Kangra Police NH Sapri Near SSB Training Centre Jawalamukhi Kangra Kangra Police NH Smella Near Bus Stop Kangra Kangra Kangra Police NH Gurakari Near Hanuman Temple 3 Arm Intersection Kangra Kangra Kangra NH Ghaat Near Bridge Kangra Kangra Kangra NH

15 Analysis of Black Spot- Heera Nagar (Shimla) Star Ratings Occupants Motorcyclists Pedestrians Bicyclists Length Percent Length Percent Length Percent Length Percent 5 Stars % % % % 4 Stars % % % % 3 Stars % % % % 2 Stars % % % % 1 Star % % % % Totals % % % % This Y-Junction is located on a sharp curve with commercial establishments on both sides of the road. Observations For all vehicle occupants, 60% of the stretch has 1 star rating, 20% of the stretch has 3 star rating For motorcyclists, 80% of the stretch has 1 star rating For pedestrians, entire road stretch has 1 star rating For bicyclists, 80% of the stretch has 1 star rating

16 Star Ratings Expected Transformation of Heera Nagar Black Spot Occupants Lengt h Perce nt Motorcyclists Pedestrians Bicyclists Len gth Perce nt Len gth Perce nt Leng th Perce nt 5 Stars % % % % 4 Stars % % % % 3 Stars Stars Star 0.3 Before Countermeasures % % % % % % % % % % % % Total % % % % % % 80.00% 60.00% 40.00% 20.00% 0.00% Occupants Before Countermeasures Motorcyclists Pedestrians Bicyclists Not applicable 1 Star 2 Stars 3 Stars 4 Stars Star Ratings Occupants Length After Percent Length Countermeasures Motorcyclists Pedestrians Bicyclists Percent Length Percent Length Percent 5 Stars % % % % 4 Stars % % % % 3 Stars % % % % 2 Stars % % % % 1 Star % % % % Totals % % % % % 80.00% 60.00% 40.00% 20.00% 0.00% Occupants After Countermeasures Motorcyclists Pedestrians Bicyclists Not applicable 1 Star 2 Stars 3 Stars 4 Stars 5 Stars

17 Engineering Counter Measures for Heera Nagar Progr S.N Length / FSIs PV of safety Estimated Cost per Engineering Countermeasures am o Sites saved benefit Cost FSI saved BCR 1 Central hatching 0.50 km ,18,95,640 1,38, ,137 2 Sight distance (obstruction removal) 0.50 km 1,085 1,05,54,31,149 16,77,399 1, Unsignalized raised crossing 1 sites ,64,88,551 7,74,429 1, Traffic calming 0.10 km ,78,61,643 4,43,495 2, Street lighting (mid-block) 0.40 km ,58,12,981 48,06,754 8, Street lighting (intersection) 1 sites ,78,60,927 15,02,110 8, Delineation and signing 1 sites ,95,17,049 17,34,251 12, (intersection) 8 Improve curve delineation 0.50 km 3 31,62,395 3,07,867 94, Bicycle Lane (on-road) 0.50 km 2 14,93,543 1,67,740 1,09, Clear roadside hazards - driver side 0.10 km 0 3,18,634 3,35,480 10,23, Footpath provision passenger side (adjacent to road) Footpath provision passenger side (>3m from road) Footpath provision driver side (adjacent to road) Footpath provision driver side (>3m from road) 0.30 km 2 16,89,223 13,41,324 7,72, km 1 6,30,772 9,55,801 14,73, km 1 8,44,611 9,55,801 11,00, km 1 6,30,772 4,47,108 6,89,194 1 Total 3,315 3,22,36,37,891 1,55,88,151 4, An investment of 1.55 Crores on road safety countermeasures can save 3,315 Fatal and serious injuries (FSI) in coming 20 years. The net present value of economic benefits would be Crores with Benefit cost ratio of 207.

18 Combined Analysis of all 28 Blackspots on NH-88 Before Countermeasures Before Countermeasures Occupants Motorcyclists Pedestrians Bicyclists % Star Length Percent Length Percent Length Percent Length Percent Ratings 5 Stars % % % % % 80.00% Not applicab 1 Star 4 Stars % % % % 60.00% 2 Stars 3 Stars % % % % 40.00% 3 Stars 2 Stars % % % % 1 Star % % % % Totals % % % % After Countermeasures 20.00% 0.00% Occupants Motorcyclists Pedestrians Bicyclists 4 Stars 5 Stars Star Rating s Occupants Length Percent Length Motorcyclists Pedestrians Bicyclists Percent Length Percent Length Percent 5 Stars % % % % 4 Stars % % % % 3 Stars % % % % 2 Stars % % % % % % 80.00% 60.00% After Countermeasures Not applicable 1 Star 2 Stars 1 Star % % % % Total s % % % % 40.00% 20.00% 0.00% Occupants Motorcyclists Pedestrians Bicyclists 3 Stars 4 Stars 5 Stars Total Length of Stretches along 28 Black Spots 14 Km

19 Safer Road Investment Plan for all 28 Blackspots S.No Engineering Countermeasures Length / Sites FSIs saved PV of safety benefit Estimated Cost Cost per FSI saved Prog ram BCR 1 Pedestrian fencing 0.60 km 1,451 1,41,12,83,953 2,32, ,064 2 Central hatching km 10,643 10,34,85,68,627 30,33, ,412 3 Centreline rumble strip / flexi-post 6.90 km 3,316 3,22,44,61,745 31,03, ,039 4 Sight distance (obstruction removal) 3.60 km 4,033 3,92,14,84,736 1,00,35,221 2, Unsignalized raised crossing 28 sites 8,444 8,21,02,21,203 2,16,84,015 2, Parking improvements 8.50 km 7,242 7,04,13,22,978 2,31,69,982 3, Signalized crossing 6 sites 1,676 1,62,95,39,723 63,97,716 3, Traffic calming 2.70 km 2,358 2,29,24,49,254 1,19,74,370 5, Street lighting (intersection) 20 sites 2,437 2,36,99,05,248 3,00,42,200 12, Street lighting (mid-block) 9.00 km 8,630 8,39,10,84,027 10,81,51,956 12, Delineation and signing (intersection) 23 sites 2,355 2,28,99,04,024 3,61,17,665 15, Roadside barriers - driver side 1.30 km 67 6,49,64,085 46,29,927 69, Improve curve delineation km 84 8,14,31,580 65,66,920 78, Roadside barriers - passenger side 0.80 km 30 2,89,05,426 28,49,186 95, Bicycle Lane (on-road) km 28 2,71,63,233 36,75,690 1,31, Footpath provision driver side (>3m from road) 2.70 km 22 2,13,73,264 1,15,80,095 5,26, Clear roadside hazards - passenger side 0.40 km 2 15,08,529 13,41,919 8,64, Clear roadside hazards - driver side 0.50 km 2 18,27,163 16,77,399 8,92, Shoulder sealing passenger side (>1m) 0.30 km 2 16,46,952 13,78,384 8,13, Footpath provision passenger side (adjacent to road) Footpath provision passenger side (>3m from road) 6.10 km 34 3,34,51,796 2,39,29,216 6,95, km 15 1,41,08,944 1,40,31,165 9,66, Shoulder sealing driver side (>1m) 0.50 km 2 18,56,189 14,76,840 7,73, Footpath provision driver side (adjacent to road) 2.00 km 15 1,46,57,759 1,57,51,607 10,44,862 1 Total 52,888 51,42,31,20,435 34,28,31,073 6, An investment of Crores on road safety countermeasures can save 52,888 fatal and serious injuries (FSI) in coming 20 years. The net present value of economic benefits would be Crores with Benefit Cost ratio of 150.

20 CONCLUSION irap method has been adopted to analyze each blackspot for safety level of each type of road users (viz. Motor vehicles, motorcycles, bicycles and pedestrians separately. The countermeasures have been identified based on a widely used and internationally accepted and proven measures compiled in the form of library of road safety tool kits These suggested measures are based on the observed safety deficiencies at the locations of blackspots. However, actual adoption of these measures will be dependent on the ROW available and other constraints available at sites. The findings of Safer Road investment plan for all 28 blackspots suggests that an investment of Crores on road safety countermeasures can save 52,888 fatal and serious injuries (FSI) in coming 20 years. The net present value of economic benefits would be Crores NPV with Benefit Cost ratio of 150. WAY FORWARD Star Rating is not sensitive towards assessing potential impact of ITS. Research on impact of ITS in Infrastructure, s & enforcement measures can be done and integrated with Road infrastructure rating to further enhance Road safety. Diurnal Variation in Star rating of Road Infrastructure components and corresponding Countermeasures can further make roads more safe.

21