Human Ergometry. Bhavesh Bawankule M Tech Final year Mechanical Department Priyadarshini College of Engineering Nagpur, India

Transcription

1 Human Ergometry Bhavesh Bawankule M Tech Final year Mechanical Department Priyadarshini College of Engineering Nagpur, India Dr. K.S. Zakiuddin HOD and Professor Mechanical Department Priyadarshini College of Engineering Nagpur, India S.K. Undirwade Assistant Professor Mechanical Department Priyadarshini College of Engineering Nagpur, India Abstract- We know that in various sports and various day to day activity demands that maximum power values in short time to complete the task. The mechanical efficiency is usually used for the human s motorial efficiency description. Human Ergometry deals with the study of physical work activity that performed by specific muscles or muscle group. The aim of study is to know human power, energy used during arm and leg exercise and compare the physiological responses i.e. VO2 and the mechanical efficiency during both arm cranking exercise and leg pedaling exercise with identical workloads, with different crank arm length in sitting position and arm cranking in sitting position. Exercise was performed under following conditions: Bilateral leg pedaling (BLP), Bilateral arm cranking (BAC), Unilateral arm cranking (UAC) with different crank arm length. Crank lengths were (175, 210, 240,270mm). Ten healthy adult males (mean age: 24 (21-28) years old) participated in this study. Arm cranking and leg pedaling exercise test were carried out on mechanical frictional set up developed using anthropometric dimension of subjects shown in figure. The set up consist of frame body and pulley arrangement mounted on the shaft which rotated by crank. Pulley arrangement is provided with belt and weights for varying load conditions. Keywords Physiological responses, Mechanical efficiency, VO2 I. INTRODUCTION The word ergometer is derived from the Greek words ergon, which means work, and metron, which means measure. When combined, this word literally translates to work measurer. In present situation human work force still plays an significant role in production in the world of automation and computer aided engineering. Our country like India we still depends upon human labor work. As small scale, medium scale, large scale industries still differentiate on basis number of workers in the industry. Human energy plays an important role in the engineering world. Still engineers underperforming in the study and utilization of human power. Whatever the development or study is carried out mainly by medical professionals. While performing this study experiment some common and general human muscle activities taken into consideration i.e arm cranking and leg cranking. Human being performed hand cranking with one or two arms. Two arms hand cranking is preferred mostly for such activities where power requirement is high. Hand cranking is performed at different working heights by human beings, i.e., in bending position (starting diesel engine and operating chaff cutter), in sitting position (operating sewing machine) and in standing position (operating sprayer, winnower etc.). The power requirement varied from low to high depending on type of physical activities viz. winnowing and mixing seed with seed treatment drum, broadcasting with broadcaster, chaff cutting with chaff cutter, material handling etc. The maximum force that a human being can exert is cranking cannot exceed the body weight. Otherwise crank could not be moved in a downward direction. In experiment arm cranking differentiated into single arm cranking and double arm cranking. In the industries various leg pedaling application are used. So it is essential to study leg pedaling ergomerty. These study of human power, mechanical efficiency and volume of oxygen gives clear ideas about arm and leg Ergometry which is used while designing various mechanical equipment in industries as well as domestic equipment where use of arm and leg power not mandatory. Study on such vital topic a experimental setup is fabricated in which single arm cranking, double arm cranking and leg pedalling arrangement is provided. With these arrangement a resistance or load arrangement which resist the physical activities. Pulley and chain drive is also provided for experiment, a rotation measuring device, and an electronic device which convert this mechanical signal Vol. 3 Issue2 November ISSN: X

2 into readable form in the computer with help of computer program. While performing these experiments reading of 10 people of different weight, and their power, mechanical efficiency and volume of oxygen is calculated.. II. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP Arm cranking and leg pedalling exercise test were carried out on mechanical frictional set up developed using anthropometric dimension of subjects shown in figure. The set up consist of frame body and pulley arrangement mounted on the shaft which rotated by crank. Pulley arrangement is provided with belt and weights for varying load conditions. It also consist L shaped arrangement for arm cranking, revolution measuring instrument, and screw jack arrangement to adjust the height of table. Fig.1 Experimental set up III. EXPERIMENTATION The subjects were ten healthy male adults with mean age of 24 (21-28) years old. No subject had the habit of regular exercise, and none had developed an orthropedic disease. Each subject was subjected to the test at least two hours after meal, and was instructed to avoid intense exercise before the test. In single arm cranking person has to crank pedal by single hand and in double arm cranking person has to crank the pedal by both hand,and in double leg pedaling person has to pedal with both hands. The data shown from the revolution measuring instrument was body weight, resistance applied, crank length, revolutions in (RPM),and volume of oxygen consumed. Vol. 3 Issue2 November ISSN: X

3 IV. RESULTS A] Single arm cranking : Single arm cranking is perform by a single hand, so energy which is utilize while performing by human body is considered for single arm cranking. The results which obtain after calculations considering all reading of ten candidates taking their averages are explain in graphs and resultant results Efficiency (%) Resistance(kg) Crank length(mm) Power(watts Volume of O 2 (ml/kg min) Table 1: Resultant Table for Single Arm Cranking in sitting position Vol. 3 Issue2 November ISSN: X

4 B] Double Arm Cranking: Double arm cranking is another experimental setup in which both hand is performing this physical activity simultaneously. This arrangement is situated at the upper portion to L shaped channel. Double arm cranking some result is come out as per the resultant table. Those result are as follows after resultant table given below. Resistance(kg) Crank length(mm) Power(watts Volume of Efficiency(%) O 2 (ml/kgmin) Table 2:Resultant Table for Double Arm Cranking in sitting position Vol. 3 Issue2 November ISSN: X

5 C. Double Leg Pedaling: In double leg pedaling cranking is perform by leg pedaling. Such type of physical exercises is performed very common. So it is very important to study such activity. In double leg pedaling the setup is situated at the lower most part of the L shaped channel.the result which came across after study of resultant table are as follows. Resistance(kg) Crank length(mm) Power(watts Volume of (ml/kgmin) O 2 Efficiency(%) Table 3:Resultant table showing mean values for double leg pedaling Vol. 3 Issue2 November ISSN: X

6 V. CONCLUSIONS From the work done and results obtained, following conclusions were obtained: Single Arm Ergometry: i. As crank length increases power decreases up to specific resistance afterward as resistance increases power is also going to increases. ii. As crank length increases volume of oxygen decreases up to specific resistance afterward resistance increases oxygen consumption increases. iii.as crank length increases efficiency decreases up to specific resistance afterward as resistance increases efficiency increases. iv. As resistance increases power, volume of oxygen and efficiency is increases. Vol. 3 Issue2 November ISSN: X

7 Double Arm Ergometry: i. As crank length increases power, volume of oxygen and efficiency decreases. ii. As resistance increases power, volume of oxygen and efficiency increases. Double Leg Pedalling: i. As crank length increases power, volume of oxygen, and efficiency get decreases. ii. As resistance increases power, volume of oxygen and efficiency get increases. Consumption of volume of oxygen is require less in single arm Ergometry as compare to double arm Ergometry and leg arm Ergometry. In leg ergometery requires more volume of oxygen compare to other two. Net efficiency of the single arm is less than double arm. In leg Ergometry net efficiency is less as compare to both type of arm Ergometry REFERENCES [1] Taizo Shiomi, Hrroshi Maruyama, Akihiko Saito, Mamoru Umemura (2000) Physiological Responses and Mechanical Efficiency during Different Types of Ergometric Exercise Journal physical Therapy 12:67-73, 2000 [2] Danny Too(1995) The Effect Of Pedal Crank arm Length On Power Production In Recumbent Cycle Ergometry 13 International Symposium on Biomechanics in sports ISSN [3] S. P. Singh, Pratap Singh, Surendra Singh Isometric torque affected by its position and posture CIGR Journal, vol 14,No [4] K. Busko Power output and mechanical Efficiency of Human Muscle In Maximal Cycle Ergometer efforts are different Pedaling Rates Biology of Sport, Vol.22, 2005 [5] Scott K. Powers & Edward T. Hawley s book of EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY,Theory and Application to Fitness and Performance, 6 th edition, chapter 6 Measurement of Work, Power, and Energy Expenditure [6] Richard W. Bohannon Adapting a Bicycle Ergometer for Arm Crank Ergometry Suggestion from the Field Journal physical therapy 66(3): 362 [7] Dr Bailey, Appendix D, Guidelines American College of Sports Medicine Metabolic Equations (HPRED 1410) [8] Stephen Glass (Ph. D.), Gregory Byron Dwyer handbook of, American College of Sports Medicine ACSM s metabolic Calculation [9] Energy Cost of Exercise, Efficiency of Movement, & Body Composition retrived from citation [10] A Werner and Sharon Hoeger's book of "Principles and Labs for Fitness and Wellness [11] Elsevier Ergometry definition by Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition. [12] J.S. Blevins Ph.D. ACSM PD, ES, RCEP Metabolic Calculation chapter 5 appendix D [13] Ergometry The measurement of work and power retrieved from [14] D Pramanik book of Principal of Physiology chapter 4 instruments Vol. 3 Issue2 November ISSN: X