Transportation Nudges: Experiments in Improving Urban Mobility

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1 Transportation Nudges: Experiments in Improving Urban Mobility Design for Flow: Low and High Tech Remedies to Ease Congestion and Improve Safety Anne Lusk, Ph.D. Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health December 7, 2015

2 Protecting Cyclists/Saving Lives: What the Evidence Tells Us Format - Easier to Complex: Six evidence-based citations (cream) Six related nudges (green)

1. Evidence The old public participation process doesn t work. In a study in 2004, the authors concluded that the public participation process caused anger and mistrust.

3 1. Evidence The old public participation process doesn t work. In a study in 2004, the authors concluded that the public participation process caused anger and mistrust. In 2015, transportation engineers are still using the same antiquated public participation by presenting their Power Points to citizens in the audience. Citizens can only comment. Innes J, Booher D. Reframing Public Participation: Strategies for the 21st Century. Planning Theory & Practice. 2004;5(4):

4 1. Nudge Citizens give Power Points. On December 3 rd, 2014, citizen groups presented their own Power Points in Brookline to Town officials, engineers, MassDOT, and Toole Design: Brookline High School parents Brookline Lincoln Elementary School parents Seniors Representatives from a community group Boston Cyclist Union Brookline Bicycle Advisory Committee On December 9 th, 2014, citizen groups presented their own Power Points in Allston about Com Ave to officials, engineers, and MassDOT: Boston Cyclist Union WalkBoston LivableStreets MassBike The citizens got their requested cycle tracks.

2. Evidence A tent over a cycle track lessens red light running in China. Zhang Y, Wu C. The effects of sunshields on red light running behavior Zhang Y, Wu C.

5 2. Evidence A tent over a cycle track lessens red light running in China. Zhang Y, Wu C. The effects of sunshields on red light running behavior Zhang Y, Wu C. The effects of sunshields on red light running behavior of cyclists and electric bike riders. Accident; analysis and prevention. 2013;52: : The bus is an option, as it has the flexibility of being driven on

could test a foot rest and text. This states: "Hi, cyclist!

6 2. Nudge Test whether a foot rest lessens red light running. Because we don t have wide cycle tracks for tents, perhaps we could test a foot rest and text. This states: "Hi, cyclist! Rest your foot here... and thank you for cycling in the city."

3. Evidence Bike crashes are more frequent near bus stops, especially if Bikes have been allowed inside trains at certain hours (red line in Boston) and trams at all

and standing a certain way with the bike. Kim D, Kim K. The influence of bicycle oriented facilities on bicycle crashes within crash concentrated areas.

7 3. Evidence Bike crashes are more frequent near bus stops, especially if Bikes have been allowed inside trains at certain hours (red line in Boston) and trams at all hours (Portland, Oregon). Some lines impose additional the restrictions stops such are as boarding near in the back intersections. and standing a certain way with the bike. Kim D, Kim K. The influence of bicycle oriented facilities on bicycle crashes within crash concentrated areas. Traffic injury prevention. 2015;16(1): Strauss J, Miranda-Moreno LF, Morency P. Multimodal injury risk analysis of road users at signalized and non-signalized intersections. Accident; analysis and prevention. 2014;71:

8 3. Nudge Move bus stops to midblock and ideally put a cycle track behind. Include vegetation to enhance the bus stop and direct pedestrians to cross a narrow pathway. Direct bicyclists to wait for disembarking passengers.

9 4. Evidence Many won t bike because the distance is too far. In Aberdeen, Glasgow, bikes will be allowed inside buses. This trial program only runs after 7 PM and only one bike is allowed inside the bus. The restriction of only boarding after 7 PM means the rider had to first ride to work. If the bus already has the 1 bike, the rider can t board with their bike. Kingham S, Dickinson J, Copsey S. Traveling to work: will people move out of their cars. Transport Policy. 2001;8(2):

10 4. Nudge Test a Bike Bus or Bike Shuttle In Cuba, all the bus seats are removed so bicyclists could ride through a tunnel. In Colorado, a bus carries 12 bikes inside. In San Francisco and Cape Cod, a van shuttles riders while the trailer carries the bikes. A passenger s comment, My People. Bike People.

org/cities-for-cycling/design-guide/. Accessed June 1, 2011.

11 5. Evidence Our cycle tracks are 6 feet wide but parents want to bicycle beside their child. National Association of City Transportation Officials. NACTO Urban Bikeway Design Guide Guide. 2011; Accessed June 1, 2011.including Santa Clara Valley Transportation, but there are Rietveld R, Daniel V. Determinants of bicycle use: do municipal policies matter? Transportation Research Part A. 2004;38:

12 5. Nudge - Build wide cycle tracks for side-by-side riding to train the Climate Change-adaptation generation to ride.

In June, 613 bicyclists were not allowed to board with their bikes their bikes in a cage at the station.

13 6. Evidence Cycle tracks are safer but parked cars are where the cycle tracks should be. Fort Collins, Colorado, has been allowing up to 4 bikes inside its articulated buses. In June, 613 bicyclists were not allowed to board with their bikes their bikes in a cage at the station. Lusk AC, Furth PG, Morency P, Miranda-Moreno LF, Willett WC, Dennerlein JT. Risk of injury for bicycling on cycle tracks versus in the street. Inj Prev. 2011;17: Vanparijs J, Int Panis L, Meeusen R, de Geus B. Exposure measurement in bicycle safety analysis: A review of the literature. Accident; analysis and prevention. 2015;84: ;84:9-19.

14 6. Nudge As in 1905 in NYC, sell interior parking spaces to nearby homeowners and build affordable housing above (was for chauffeurs).

Build wide cycle tracks for side-by-side riding to train the Climate Changeadaptation generation to ride. 6.

15 Nudges Review: 1. Citizens give Power Points. 2. Test whether a foot rest lessens red light running. 3. Move bus stops to midblock and ideally put a cycle track behind. 4. Test a Bike Bus or Bike Shuttle 5. Build wide cycle tracks for side-by-side riding to train the Climate Changeadaptation generation to ride. 6. As in 1905 in NYC, sell interior parking spaces to nearby homeowners and build affordable housing above (was for chauffeurs). Anne Lusk, Ph.D. Harvard School of Public Health AnneLusk@hsph.harvard.edu

MULTIMODAL INJURY RISK ANALYSIS OF ROAD USERS AT SIGNALIZED AND NON- SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS

MULTIMODAL INJURY RISK ANALYSIS OF ROAD USERS AT SIGNALIZED AND NON- SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS PhD Candidate: Jillian Strauss Supervisor: Luis Miranda-Moreno 24th Canadian Multidisciplinary Road Safety