COMMUTERS CHOICE FOR VALUING BICYCLE FACILITIES - AN ADAPTIVE COMPREHENSIVE SURVEY FOR THE CITY OF NOIDA

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1 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 7, Issue 5, September-October 2016, pp , Article ID: IJCIET_07_05_035 Available online at ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: IAEME Publication COMMUTERS CHOICE FOR VALUING BICYCLE FACILITIES - AN ADAPTIVE COMPREHENSIVE SURVEY FOR THE CITY OF NOIDA Somya Agarwal Under Graduate Student, Civil Engineering. Amity University, Noida, India. Naga Swetha Pasupuleti Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering. Amity University, Noida, India. ABSTRACT Several manuals, handbooks, and web resources provide different guidance on planning and designing bicycle facilities, though there are no specific indication which has to be treated as guide that may work well for the users. This paper examines necessity in bicycle route preferences across individuals with different levels of experience in bicycle commuting to work (Offices, Collages, Schools) individuals are categorized, like though commuters are experienced or inexperienced in bicycle commuting but are interested in trying it. Data has been gathered for this research paper from an original stated preference in the form of online survey administered by the authors, which is used to estimate the need of route of choice for each class of respondents. The need to examine bicyclist route preferences as a function of bicycling experience level is well recognized in the literature. As a means of transportation and as a form of physical activity, bicycling generates benefits to the bicyclist as well as to the community as a whole. Study of the Noida city was designed to test the importance of bicycle infrastructure and other physical environment factors relative to individual and social environment factors, using a data to examine ownership and decisions jointly. From this survey, results will be concluded based on two critical aspects of valuing benefits of bicycle trails and lanes and its role in the sustainable transportation network. First, an adaptive stated preference survey is used to measure how much travel time individuals are willing to spend to obtain particular features of on and off-street bicycle facilities. Second, to learn the effect of bicycle trail proximity on home value. The facilities considered in the paper are off-road facilities, in-traffic facilities with bike-lane and no on-street parking, and on-street parking and in-traffic facilities with no bike-lane but with parking on the side. The results show strong inclination of individual attitudes, physical and social environment factors towards bicycle ownership and their use. Key words: Bicycle Ownership, Bike lanes, non-motorized vehicles, social environment. Cite this Article: Somya Agarwal and Naga Swetha Pasupuleti, Commuters Choice for Valuing Bicycle Facilities - An Adaptive Comprehensive Survey for the City of Noida. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 7(5), 2016, pp editor@iaeme.com

2 Commuters Choice for Valuing Bicycle Facilities - An Adaptive Comprehensive Survey for the City of Noida 1. INTRODUCTION There is no doubt that technology is master key of many innovations. However, beyond technological innovation, There is need for creative tools and novel ideas to address constantly evolving challenges and change in the society. According to rapidly changing demographics and demand for greater mobility, education in sustainable innovation is essential across all disciplines. In a way thanks to urbanization because of which people can find more job opportunities which can supply them more incomes than in rural. Fortunately, the development of city need much labor force and better transportation system for all the classes, so people focus on finding their jobs then on mugging their time for transportation. Many of the urban development organizations are anticipated for creating better urbanisation leading to better environment. As per the analysis measures to be taken are:- Adequate water supply Assured electricity supply Sanitation, including solid waste management Efficient urban mobility and public transport Affordable housing, especially for the poor Easy Connectivity and Digitalization Good Governance, especially E-governance and citizen participation Sustainable environment Safety and security of citizens, particularly women, children and senior citizens Health and education Urbanized cities or the cities being equipped with all the modern amenities of today s scenario are spider s web systems they are dynamic areas for social, cultural, political, economic and infrastructural forces. During the last decade, the urban public environment has changed into a hybrid space, where public and virtual spaces intermingle. Urbanisation does not only focus on the facilities being provided to the commuters but it also focuses on the environment which may not be the negative impact on the city. Air pollution is a quite serious issue for human life affecting all developed and industrially developing countries. Traffic jams and vehicle emission, industrial exhausting, smokes from biomass and fuel wood burning are major sources for Indian air pollutants. However, Indian per capita emissions of greenhouse gases is low, but it is the third largest greenhouse gases producer in the world, only after China and the United States of America which change the climate of India as well as direct effects to the human health. On the above aspects, this research paper, performed an extensive real time online survey on commuters choice for valuing bicycle facilities. As non-motorized vehicles are the only saviors which can reduce the pollution as well as help in decreasing the traffic volume which helps in creating poise to the environment. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW How can people be encouraged to walk or cycle more? Different articles on bicycle paths draws a guidance of providing mobility, reduce congestion, improve environmental quality, and promote public health which has increased attention in recent years. As an initial step towards enhancing bicycling, assessment of bicyclist data needs are surveyed and hence the objectives of this paper are following:- To understand the demographic split of commuters and commuters choice for valuing bicycling facilities To know the recommendations for improving the quality of bicycling. Planning is important for user and trip characteristics, traffic counts, facility characteristics and crash data. And to plan it appropriately, primary data is important. Identifying and addressing deficiencies- Various data and facility are used to analyze and understand. Other Data on travel patterns, commuters counts, users editor@iaeme.com

3 Somya Agarwal and Naga Swetha Pasupuleti characteristics are used to forecast bicycling needs and demand for future conditions. Travel forecast can be used for planning the location of routes to create a travel network. Cities, states or countries maintain records of transportation facilities within their jurisdiction. The most compelling argument, particularly for cycling, is that only via an integrated range of built environmental features (including infrastructure and facility improvements), pricing policies, or education programs will substantive changes result. This is what has been adapted in many countries like Netherlands, Denmark, and parts of Germany for decades. By linking research to practical advice, the article fills a gap between (a) The many excellent methodology pointing to where further research is needed and (b) Useful practice-oriented guidelines based on experience of the bicycle commuters. Choice or demand models have been developed by some researchers and planners to predict bicycle or route choice based on characteristics of the mode (e.g., travel time, facilities available). These efforts have produced some quantitative information on relative preferences, for example, the Regional Transportation Authority in Chicago, developed a model to predict mode of access to transit as a function of sidewalks, pathways, intersection improvements, and bicycle parking facilities in station areas (Wilbur Smith Associates 1996). Individual factors such as age, gender, bicycling preference, bicycling comfort contribute to the motivation to bicycle, while social and physical environment factors determine the quality of bicycling conditions and may enable and encourage bicycling. The physical condition of the highway, rainfall and temperature each have an effect on the proportion that cycles to work, but the most significant physical variable is hilliness. The proportion of bicycle route that is off-road is shown to be significant and this contrasts with more significant changes usually forecast by models constructed from stated preference based data. Smart cities or the developing cities being equipped with all the modern amenities of today s scenario are spider s web systems they are dynamic areas for social, cultural, political, economic and infrastructural forces. Determining how existing traffic operations and geological conditions affect a bicyclist's decision to use or not use, a specific roadway is the first step in determining the bicycle compatibility of the roadway. State and local are spending on bicycle facilities has increased significantly over the past decade. The authors categories different factors of a walking environment into five classifications: 1. Functional 2. Safety 3. Aesthetic 4. Destination 5. Subjective Continuous improvement of the bicycle path in the existing areas study leads the commuters motivated for the use bicycle as the permanent mode to commute. Priorities, funds and promote research to fill in key gaps in knowledge related to the bicycle. However there are deficiencies in data on travel characteristics, facilities, safety and user preferences. But, the importance of bicycle travel has received increasing attention in recent years as planners and policymakers recognize the benefits to communities, public health, economic development, and the environment of improving non-motorized travel options. Efforts to plan for bicycling are frequently considered. A perspective on the various uses of bicycle data is helpful in assessing needs and opportunities. Bicycle data are commonly applied to at least three general uses: Research studies and recommended practices; Planning and design of facilities, project selection decisions, policies, and programs; and Analysis of conditions and trends to inform policymaking. Consideration of the various uses of data can help shape data collection programs to benefit the greatest number of users. Many a times, programs to collect and manage data can be designed to benefit a broad range of users. In other cases, research and planning studies will require data collection efforts geared toward the specific needs of the study editor@iaeme.com

4 Commuters Choice for Valuing Bicycle Facilities - An Adaptive Comprehensive Survey for the City of Noida Although development of these new conceptual and operational frameworks for assessing local walkability, has been widely used, researchers, makers and planners have limited the amount of time required to conduct stop by step assessments of every street geometry and intersection within a study area. As researchers identify more aspects of the building of an environment that may be important in creating walk able environments, the burden of applying different theoretical measures to each street segment grows and are difficult to apply. Thus, actual application of walkability audit tools has lagged despite a growing number of them being available to planners. 3. METHODOLOGY AND DATA SOURCE This research paper has designed an authorized survey on the Internet and the conclusions have been drawn from 4260 survey responses obtained as to provide guidance on how existing bicycle paths have an influence on walking or cycling for travel including community design, infrastructure availability, infrastructure quality, and programming, pricing, and combined strategies. Urban environments with high levels of walking and cycling for travel typically represents a combination of many factors that help promote these modes. For the bicycle commuters their particular framework should be built for easing for the bicyclist to use and promote bicycle as their means of the transport. Particular framework should distinguish between individual factors, social-environment factors, and physical-environment factors in explaining individual behavior. Individual factors include attitudes, preferences, and beliefs, as well as confidence in one s ability to engage in the bicycling behavior like ownership and use in the field of public s health. Social-environment factors include the cultural norms of the community, as evidenced by the collective behaviors of its residents. Physical-environment factors in this case include transportation infrastructure and land use patterns. We surveyed from different people of different ages of their different utilities asking about their usage and suggestions on using bicycle and construction of bicycle path. Hence this particular study has tried to focus and understand on those several commuters choices and preferences which can improve the probability of their bicycling choice. Figure 1 Represents the reasons for Commuters choice of cycling According to the user preference and demand studies, there is a significant effect on facility design and other policies on commuters usage. Data gathered from an original stated preference survey administered over the Internet for this research paper, has the following key parameters. The route-level factors included in this paper are: editor@iaeme.com

5 Somya Agarwal and Naga Swetha Pasupuleti Lack of Bicycle tracks, Safety, High travel time Unstable climatic conditions It is important for bicycle planners and engineers to consider route-level factors, in addition to link-level factors, when deciding where to locate bicycle facilities. For example, if city authorities are hoping to increase bicycle mode share during the work commute, then route planners should try to create routes that are desirable to potential bicycle commuters from an overall route standpoint such as from metro stations, prominent public buildings or offices. 4. DATA ANALYSIS As mentioned earlier, this survey has analyzed the survey on different as age group, Gender, occupation, mode of commuting, purpose and so on. The above figure gives the age split of the commuters who are interested in bicycling. Figure 2 Represents age split of Commuters choice of cycling Figure 3 Represents the Commuters choice of transportation editor@iaeme.com

6 Commuters Choice for Valuing Bicycle Facilities - An Adaptive Comprehensive Survey for the City of Noida 5. CONCLUSION From the above data survey, Cycling is more popular among male and younger adults (Figure 2), transit users (Figure 3), and those who are physically active and wants good health. Both perceived and objective environmental conditions contribute to the likelihood of cycling. Although cycling can be connected and is dependent on the presence of bicycle lanes, traffic speed and volume, slope and the presence of parks, are found insignificant when objectively measured. A non-linear relationship is found between the odds of cycling and the perception of traffic problems and automobile-oriented facilities. Though, fig.2 represents that generally commuters prefer to take their own personal vehicle other than being dependent on taxi, carpooling or Public transport. As per the survey responses the main reason for not using eco-friendly way to travel is illustrated in fig. 8. According to survey 73.46% of people refused to take bicycle as their mode of transportation because of main reason high travel time other than climate conditions, Safety and lack of bicycle paths. Only about 22.46% of people can ride bicycle more than 3 kilometers for one way travel which quiet a less distance and others can travel maximum 1 kilometer or 2 kilometers. The ideal time that a commuter can spend is 30 minutes are 76.25% as there are different purposes of commuting that is work, education, recreational, medical, domestic. So, from the above data survey the conclusion can be drawn that Commuters demands for exclusive bicycle lanes for accepting Bicycle as their mode of their transport which may provide them their existence and safety on traveling on roads. Commuters to maximum use of the bicycle are necessary. Iterations develop and promotion in the minds of other Crash characteristics describing the people and vehicles involved, location, environmental conditions, contributing factors, injury outcomes and Usage data, including flows by location, user characteristics from which measures of exposure and therefore risk can be derived. Quantitative models of behavior can also be used to develop information on user preferences. These models may be based either on stated preference survey data, in which people are asked to make choices among various alternatives or on revealed preference data, where observations of people s actual behavior from travel surveys and counts. REFERENCE [1] Abdul Pinjari, Naveen Eluru,Chandra Bhat, Ram Pendyala and Erika Spissu, Joint Model of Choice of Residential Neighbourhood and Bicycle Ownership: Accounting for Self-Selection and Unobserved Heterogeneity in Journal of the transportation research board, vol. 2082, pp , Dec [2] Monique A. Stinson and Chandra R. Bhat, A Comparison of the Route Preferences of Experienced and Inexperienced Bicycle Commuters in Journal of the transportation research board,vol.1434, pp. #5-1434, Nov [3] A. Curto, A. de Nazelle, D. Donaire-Gonzalez, T. Cole-Hunter, J. Garcia-Aymerich, D. Martínez, E. Anaya, D. Rodríguez, M. Jerrett and M.J. Nieuwenhuijsen, Private and public modes of bicycle commuting: a perspective on attitude and perception in the european journal of public health, pp: , Jan [4] Jennifer Dill andtheresa Carr, Bicycle Commuting and Facilities in Major U.S. Cities: If You Build Them, Commuters Will Use Them in Journal of the transportation research board, vol. 1828, pp , Jan [5] S.M.Subash, K.Chandrabose, U.Umamaheshwari and T.Maharajan, Feasibility Study of Metro Transport: Case Study Madurai. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), 4(4),2013, pp editor@iaeme.com

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