BBRI Research Project Ground Anchors

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1 1 BBRI Research Project Ground Anchors Information : Noel.huybrechts@bbri.be Olivier.tomboy@bbri.be

2 2 Research Project Ground Anchors BBRI-CSTC-WTCB Partners: KUL (prof. J. Maertens) & UCL (prof. A. Holeyman) In collaboration with: ABEF, BACHY, (CVR), DENYS, EURODRILL, FONDEDILE, FONTEC, (FRANKI GEOTECHNICS B), OLIVIER, PROFFUND, SMET F&C DSI, FREYSSINET, ISCHEBECK Steered by interprofessional working group Financial support: FPS-Economy & NBN

3 3 Main Objectives State-of-the art Execution of different Anchor types in Belgium (+discussion anchors-nails-tension piles) Uniform Belgian design and test method for anchors, taking into account execution parameters EC7 & NA, CEN TC 288/341 Supported by scientific real scale load test campaigns on different anchor types in different soil conditions

4 E17-18 BBRI project GROUND ANCHORS 4 Load test campaigns Limelette VE15 VE14 E15 E14 E16 E17 E18 VE13 E19 E37 E2 E13 E21 E12 E36 E22 VE12 E23 E11 E35 VE11 E1 VE1 E34 VE9 E9 E8 VE8 E33 E7 VE7 E32 E6 VE6 E5 VE5 E4 VE4 E7-8 E6-7 E5-6 E4-5 E9-1 E8-9 E3-4 E1-11 E2-3 E11-12 E12-13 E13-14 E14-15 E15-16 E16-17 E18-19 E19-2 E2-21 E21-22 E24-25 E25-26 E26-27 E27-28 E28-29 E29-3 E3-31 E24 E25 E26 E27 E28 E29 E3 E31 *preliminary (5): 25 *Extended (49) : 26 E3 VE3 VE2 E2 L3 L2 LCM2 LCM1 L1 E1 VE1 CPTE VERTICAL ANCHOR L4 SCM3 SCM2 S1 S2 SCM1 L

5 E17-18 Relative Depth (R+xxm) Limelette - Test site ground anchors CPT E1-E11-E34-21 qc (MPa) CPT E11 CPT E1 CPT E34 CPT Friction Ratio Rf (%) 1 Soil Characteristics VE15 VE14 E15 E14 E16 E17 E18 VE13 E19 E37 E2 E13 E21 E12 E36 E22 VE12 E11 E35 VE11 E1 VE1 E34 VE9 E9 E8 VE8 E33 E7 VE7 E32 E6 VE6 E5 VE5 E4 VE4 E3 VE3 L3 L2 L1 E2 LCM2 LCM1 VE2 E1 VE1 E8-9 E7-8 E6-7 E5-6 E4-5 E9-1 E3-4 CPTE E1-11 E2-3 E11-12 E12-13 E13-14 E14-15 L4 SCM3 SCM1 L SCM2 S1 VERTICAL ANCHOR S2 E15-16 E16-17 E18-19 E19-2 BBRI project GROUND ANCHORS E2-21 E21-22 E24-25 E25-26 E26-27 E27-28 E28-29 E29-3 E3-31 E23 E24 E25 E26 E27 E28 E29 E3 E31 5

6 6 Installation of anchors (instrumented) in Silt(Loam) Heterogeneous sand-clay layer (Silex) Tertiary Bruxellian Sand Relative Depth (R+xxm) Limelette - Test site ground anchors qc (MPa) Ext 11 Ext 12 Ext 4 CPT E13 CPT E14 CPT E Ext 2 Ext 1 Ext Ext Friction Ratio Rf (%)

7 7 ANCHOR TYPES *Boring with double tubes IGU or (2T-grav) : 21 *Boring with simple tubes 1T or 1T+inj. : 15

8 8 ANCHOR TYPES (cont.) *Self boring anchors Dywidrill SA-xx-Dy : 6 *Self boring anchors Ischebeck SA-xx-Is : 7

9 9 ANCHOR TYPES (cont.) IGU 1T SA

10 1 Parameters introduced in the test campaign Anchor capacity in diff. soil layers encountered in Limelette Influence installation technique on anchor capacity Influence of inclination (Inclined vs Vertical) Influence of the boring diameter on anchor capacity (1T and particular SA) Effectiveness of L free for Selfboring Anchors (SA) Correlation between maintained & cyclic load testing Load distribution in L fixed and (non)-linearity of anchor capacity with increase of L fixed (IGU : 4m 5m 6m) Effect of post-grouting operation (performance of double corrosion protection systems) Influence of the absence of spacers Relation between anchor dimensions and installation methodology ( excavation)

11 11 Load tests & Some results

12 12 Load P (kn) - Pressure (bar) Deformation measurements Lfixed (µstrain) P_load cell (kn) P_correlation (kn) Pressure (bar) s (mm) Load tests & Some results (cont.) BBRI Research 'Ground Anchors' - Site Limelette Anchor E18-19 (SA - sand) : 1: 2: 3: 4: 5: 6: 7: 8: 9: 1: 11: 12: 5 EXT 11 EXT 12 EXT 4 EXT 2 EXT 6 EXT 1 EXT 5 Theor. Time (hours:minutes) BBRI Research 'Ground Anchors' - Site Limelette Anchor E18-19 (SA - sand) : 1: 2: 3: 4: 5: 6: 7: 8: 9: 1: 11: 12: Time (hours:minutes) Anchor head displacement s (mm) Anchor head displacement s (mm) BBRI Research 'Ground Anchors' - Site Limelette: Anchor E18-19 (SA-sand) (a) s el;lfree,tot 5 (b) s el;lfree,tot+1/2lfixed (mm) Load P correlation (kn) BBRI Research 'Ground Anchors' - Site Limelette: Anchor E18-19 (SA-sand) 5' --> 6' 3' --> 6' After 45' in step 4, P load cell increased from 566 kn to 575 kn between 3' and 45' Anchor length (m) Load P correlation (kn) (a) (b) BBRI Research 'Ground Anchors' - Site Limelette: Anchor E18-19 (SA-sand) Deformation measurements (µstrain)

13 E17-18 BBRI project GROUND ANCHORS 13 Excavation of the anchors VE15 VE14 E15 E14 E16 E17 E18 VE13 E19 E37 E2 E13 E12 E36 VE12 E11 E35 VE11 E1 VE1 E34 VE9 E9 E8 VE8 E33 E7 VE7 E32 E6 VE6 E5 VE5 E4 VE4 E7-8 E6-7 E5-6 E4-5 E9-1 E8-9 E3-4 E1-11 E2-3 E11-12 E12-13 E13-14 E14-15 E15-16 E16-17 E18-19 E19-2 E2-21 E21-22 E21 E22 E24-25 E25-26 E26-27 E27-28 E28-29 E29-3 E3-31 E23 E24 E25 E26 E27 E28 E29 E3 E31 Excavated Ground Anchors : -16 inclined -13 vertical E3 VE3 VE2 E2 L3 L2 LCM2 LCM1 L1 E1 VE1 CPTE VERTICAL ANCHOR L4 SCM3 SCM2 S1 S2 SCM1 L

14 14 Execution : 4-16 june 27 Volume excavated : +/- 1 m³

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