2018 Spawner Survey Workshop
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- Sharyl Allison
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1 2018 Spawner Survey Workshop
2 What is SFEG? Skagit Fisheries Enhancement Group is a private, non-profit organization dedicated to involving our community in restoring salmon populations for future generations.
3 Regional Fisheries Enhancement Group (RFEG)
4 Independent non-profit organization Funded by grants and donations Heavily rely on volunteers Dedicated to restoring Pacific Northwest Salmon populations by habitat restoration and community engagement
5 What we do Work collaboratively with local landowners and volunteers for salmon habitat restoration Offer free education programs to kids in local schools Conduct monitoring to ensure projects are effective Photo C. Farrow
6 Spawner Survey Program Volunteer based- we could not do this without your being willing to do this work on our behalf Workshop Sponsors: Photo C. Farrow
7 Volunteer Position Description Training: Early October Monitoring: Late October-January Time Commitment: 3-8 hours, 1 day per week SFEG Contact: Kalena Walker, Community Engagement Associate Volunteer Tasks: Each WEEK visit your selected stream site and walk the designated stream reach. Sites must be monitored every 7 to 10 days. Submit Data Forms Fill out one data sheet per creek visit and submit at least MONTHLY Fill out and Submit volunteer time sheets to Community Engagement Associate Additional forms available in Volunteer Resources of our website Follow all safety guidelines and rules
8 Volunteer Packet Volunteer Registration please fill out and sign! Volunteer Position Description Volunteer Monthly Reporting Spawner Survey Data Form Volunteer Hour Forms Gear List Safety Procedures please read and sign! Ten Essentials Hiker Safety Kit Atlantic Salmon identification Spawning salmon ID card Workshop evaluation
9 TECHNICAL PRESENTATION
10 Skagit Watershed Largest river in Puget Sound Third largest river on west coast of U.S. Contributes 1/3 freshwater to Puget Sound 1/3 of salmon in Puget Sound return to the Skagit to spawn 3,100 square miles 162 miles long 4,500 miles of streams, rivers and sloughs Connects our communities
11 Skagit Watershed Largest over-wintering population of bald eagles in lower 48 states 3,000 migratory trumpeter swans 60,000 migratory snow geese Greatest concentration of raptors in North America Agriculture to feed the world
12 Five species of Pacific salmon
13 Salmon Life Cycle Anadromous: starts life in fresh water, matures in salt water, migrates back to fresh water to reproduce Needs a chain of healthy habitats
14 Healthy Watersheds Our vision is a healthy watershed ecosystem with abundant fish and wildlife to be enjoyed by present and future generations
15 Today s Lesson: Salmon status and trends Salmon ID What s a Redd? Spawner Surveys Data Collection Protocol Safety First Field Trip
16 Chinook Salmon Puget Sound Chinook listed as threatened under ESA in 1999 The King of fish Prized for its recreational and commercial value Good records of runs Skagit River home to 1/2 remaining Puget Sound Chinook 6 stocks with diversity of life history strategies Those stocks most reliant on estuary for rearing are most at risk
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18 Skagit River Chinook Salmon Escapement - Summer/Fall Populations (green) and Spring Populations (blue), with Trendlines Spring Populations show Statistically Significant Increases 2017 data preliminary
19 Coho Salmon Also known as silver salmon Found in small streams throughout the watershed Spends a year in freshwater before migrating to estuary Spends 3-4 years in ocean Photo J. Newley
20 Skagit River Coho Salmon Escapement, with Trendline 2003 to 2017 data preliminary
21 Chum Salmon Also known as dog or keta salmon Spends 3-5 years in the ocean Migrates to estuary quickly for rearing Reliant on ground water fed side channels for spawning Considered healthy in 2002 & stable in 2010 However in recent years populations all over Puget Sound have been low
22 250,000 Skagit River Chum Salmon Escapement, with Trendline 200, data preliminary 150, ,000 50,
23 Pink Salmon Also called humpy salmon Smallest of salmon with short 2 year life cycle Quickly migrates to estuary for rearing Population highly affected by Skagit floods due to spawning areas and timing Photo J. Newley
24 1,200,000 Skagit River Pink Salmon Escapement, with Trendline Population shows Statistically Significant Increases 1,000, , , , ,
25 Sockeye Salmon Also known as red salmon Depends on lakes Live about 3 years in Ocean Baker River is only native run in Puget Sound 1992 considered critical only 99 fish returning to spawn in considered healthy Since 2010, four highest runs on record 2015 biggest run yet
26 35,000 30,000 Baker River Sockeye Salmon Trap Counts, with Trendline Population shows Statistically Significant Increases 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,
27 Anadromous Trout Species Bull Trout: Listed as threatened under Endangered Species Act in Washington State (1999) Really cold water is essential Steelhead: Listed as threatened under ESA in Puget Sound (2007) Sea Run Cutthroat Trout: No ESA listing Photo J. Newley
28 14,000 Skagit Winter Run Steelhead Escapement, with Trendline 12, data preliminary 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,
29 20 MINUTE BREAK
30 Why are we doing this? Who uses this data? Co-Managers: State (WDFW) and Tribe- for fish escapement (returns) County and State - Legal issues and mitigation SFEG - effects of restoration projects, reports to funding sources Colleges/students/researchers
31 Protocol Walk your creek to get familiar with it. Walk your creek every 7 to 10 days Always walk up-stream and on the stream bank when possible If flow is too high to survey safety, or the creek is too turbid to see anything, no need walk it If you can not walk your creek let us know; NO survey is different than NO fish! Near the end of the season, walk until you have not seen any fish for two weeks
32 Collecting Data Count and Identify: 1. Live adult salmonids 2. Redds 3. Salmonid carcasses Measure: 1st 10 of each species to fork length (carcasses) Clip tails: Off Carcasses Mark: Redds
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35 IDENTIFICATION OF SPAWNING SALMON
36 Spawning time Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Coho Chinook Pink Sockeye Chum
37 Chinook / King / Tyee Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
38 Coho / Silver Oncorhynchus kisutch
39 Sockeye / Kokanee / Red Oncorhynchus nerka
40 Chum / Dog / Keta Oncorhynchus keta
41 Pink / Humpy Oncorhynchus gorbuscha
42 Atlantic Salmon
43 Redds What is a redd? Location of redds Substrate size cm Redd Identification
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51 Marking Redds Tie flagging near redd Description on flagging: 1. Date 2. SFEG 3. Species Code: CO = Coho CK = Chinook CH = Chum SO = Sockeye PK = Pink Unk = Unknown
52 Photo by Betty Connor
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54 Salmon carcasses
55 Adipose Fin
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57 Photo courtesy of the University of Florida
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61 Pre-Spawn Mortality: Some salmon die before they spawn Reasons: Predation Sudden water level changes Pollution (problem in urban areas) Other Reasons?? Skagit River = index watershed because of healthi(er) streams Check each Coho carcass for eggs/milt Pruners or boot check
62 SAFETY!
63 Equipment Polarized sunglasses (optional) Green flagging Personal Flotation Device (PFD) SFEG Vest Gloves Walking stick (multifunctional tool) Waders/Boots Rite in Rain w/pencils Ten Essentials more on that later Sharpies Pruners Map with coordinates
64 Have your buddy s back! And last but not least YOUR BUDDY
65 Hypothermia Know the Symptoms: Shivering Drowsiness Clumsiness (excessive) Slurred speech, mumbling Confusion Shallow breathing, weak pulse, loss of consciousness How to treat: Drink warm fluids If wet: change into dry clothes ASAP Seek shelter Consume sugary foods Utilize hand warmers Be active, but don t sweat
66 Hypothermia Precautions Avoid dangerous situations check the weather! Keep warm/actively warm up as soon as you feel cold (it s easier to stay warm than it is to get warm!) Wear layers made of warm material (cotton is rotten!) Avoid overexertion: sweat can make you cold Be prepared with dry clothing and change if you get wet Keep an eye on your partner(s) Be prepared to stay warm in case of an emergency Don t let your toes look like this!
67 Dress for Success In addition to equipment (i.e. waders/boots, vest, PFD, gloves) wear/bring: LAYERS! (long underwear, long sleeved shirt, jacket) Rain gear (SFEG has some) Winter hat Scarf (or jacket with zip-up collar) Socks (two pairs?) Space blanket Hand warmers I can t put my arms down
68 Dress (your car) for Success Recommended in car: 2 nd pair of socks 2 nd pair of pants 2 nd shirt 2 nd jacket Warm blanket Something warm to drink
69 Preventing Injuries Broken bones or sprains: be cautious on uneven or slippery terrain, move slowly and carefully, wear waders with felt soles Cuts and lacerations: be aware of barbed wire and other sharp hazards, wear waders and long sleeve clothing o Let us know if you get a hole in your waders!
70 Other Hazards Wildlife: Salmon are a source of food for bears and other animals Hostile pets or neighbors: Leave the area and notify SFEG Weather: poor weather can lead to unsafe conditions, in and out of the stream - be cautious and prepared Remote Locations: Emergency response crews can not always reach remote locations quickly
71 In case of emergency: Remove yourself and others from immediate danger Treat injury using first aid kit If injury is severe use cell phone to call 911 Report to SFEG and fill out a Safety Incident Report o If see a doctor, tell them you were injured on the job with SFEG as your employer (as a volunteer you have L&I coverage but you MUST fill out the Volunteer Registration form!)
72 Requirements Notify a trusted individual your destination and expected return time Be prepared in case you have to contact emergency services o Know where you are (carry map with coordinates) Wear your PFD if near water greater than knee deep (it s warm!) Proper footwear: knee boots or chest waders with felt soles Proper warm clothing
73 Recommendations Carry your phone, keep it charged and warm - consider a portable charger. Trail first aid kit with all essential medications as well as applicable emergency first aid supplies First aid kit for vehicle, including a change of clothes GPS if you have one (have Google map app open if have smartphone) Carry 10 essentials
74 Be Prepared For Hiking Outdoors 10 Essentials for safety, survival & basic comfort: 1. Navigation (map, compass, GPS) 2. Insulation (dress for success clothing options) 3. Nutrition (food for the day, plus extra food) 4. Hydration (water for the day, plus extra water) 5. First-aid supplies (including medications, etc.) 6. Emergency shelter (space blanket-provided by SFEG) 7. Illumination (headlamp, flashlight, extra batteries) 8. Fire (lighter or matches in a waterproof container) 9. Repair tools and kit (knife or multi-tool) 10. Sun protection (polarized sunglasses, sunscreen)
75 Cool Idea: Nalgene Survival Kit
76 What s Next? Lunch Break Wild & Scenic Film Festival Trivia Question! Read and sign volunteer paperwork Volunteer Registration Spawner Survey Safety Form Spawner Survey Creek Sign Up Field Trip to Creek test protocol and hopefully see salmon and redds
77 TRIVIA!!! What species of salmon is currently doing the best in the Skagit watershed?
78 Become a Member! Membership perks: Warm fuzzy feelings Being in-the-know for events and opportunities
79 Thank You Volunteers
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