Acoustic tagging: abundance indices and habitat use Juvenile southern bluefin tuna in Western Australia

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1 Acoustic tagging: abundance indices and habitat use Juvenile southern bluefin tuna in Western Australia Alistair Hobday, Ryo Kawabe, Ko Fujioka, Tomoyuki Itoh, Kazu Miyashita, Yoshimi Takao

2 Recruitment index: useful for stock management Can provide information on age classes not sampled by fishery Early warning of stock trends Age 1

3 Transect lines survey area T survey ~ 2 days; 8 12 repeats / year

4 Distribution of fish schools on shelf Latitude < 5 t 5-10 t t > 15 t Longitude

5 Sampling the fish with sonar survey - biases Fish must be offshore Depth > 10m Plus, residence time (T R )

6 Abundance index N fish ~ index ~ E fish (observed in survey) Generating a realistic abundance index requires that the fraction of the population that is surveyed is known electronic tags can help. N fish ~ E fish. D detection. F offshore.t survey /T residence Hobday et al 2009

7 Acoustic tags and receivers

8 Cross-shelf lines Subsurface moorings (receiver at 25 m, bottom depth to 150m) Line 3 Lumps Line 2 Line 1 50 nm

9 1. Depth distribution (D detection ) N fish ~ E fish. D detection. F offshore.t survey /T residence Hidden from sonar: 70% detections Willis & Hobday 2007

10 2. Fraction in survey area (F offshore ) N fish ~ E fish. D detection. F offshore.t survey /T residence Line % % Cummulative Frequency : Offshore=32% : Offshore=45% 2005: Offshore=27% 2006: Offshore=70% : Offshore=33% 2008: Offshore=30% 2010: Offshore=72% Station number Inshore Survey area

11 3. Residence time (T residence ) N fish ~ E fish. D detection. F offshore.t survey /T residence Range: days T residence = half life = 47 days Number remaining to be detected Day of study

12 Interannual variation (e.g. summer current) 2002: 01-Dec-2002 to 01-Jan : 01-Dec-2003 to 01-Jan : 01-Dec-2004 to 01-Jan Mean SST: Mean SST: Mean SST: : 01-Dec-2005 to 01-Jan : 01-Dec-2006 to 01-Jan : 01-Dec-2007 to 01-Jan Mean SST: Mean SST: Mean SST: : 01-Dec-2008 to 01-Jan : 01-Dec-2009 to 01-Jan Mean SST: Mean SST:

13 Variation in habitat use in the survey area mechanism Oceanographic Driver Habitat use response by SBT Leeuwin Current (warm) Inshore distribution Remain in region Sub-Antarctic Water Subsurface intrusion crosses shelf (and upwelling) (cold) Offshore distribution Depart quickly But thermal tolerance of fish is not challenged Fujioka et al. 2010, Fish. Oceanog

14 Abundance index Now can estimate all these parameters: N fish = E fish - counts (survey data) D detection - depth distribution (tags) F offshore. cross shelf detections (tags) T survey /T residence - residence times (tags) M pathway - what fraction move into survey area?

15 Experiment 3 lines, 3 hotspots (70 receivers) -32 Large SW Australia-Indian Ocean Map tags

16 Experiment Dec & Jan tagging 1/46 west coast releases = 2% move to the south 47% detected (62/130)

17 Experiment - Dec & Jan tagging 1/27 west coast releases = 4% 46% detected (57/125)

18 Experiment - Dec & Jan tagging 3/82 west coast releases = 4% (south coast move to west coast: n=3) All 52 detected tags. Total Pings: 2447 All detected tags. Total Pings: % detected (52/146) Latitude Latitude Longitude Longitude k m 100 km 100 km

19 Experiment: Nov & Jan tagging (45, 55) Large SW Australia-Indian Ocean Map (Nov 2010, n=45; Jan 2011, n=55)

20 Conclusion 1: Inferences for habitat use Local oceanographic conditions influence habitat use on the south coast Leeuwin current and sub-antarctic water mass intrusion Fish tagged on the west coast in December and January only rarely detected on the south coast (5/155, ~3%). During the austral summer, juvenile SBT remain local, presumably in areas where forage is available. Movements to the south coast must occur earlier in the season in order for fish to appear on the south coast a hypothesis we are testing in the present year. Interannual variation in the drivers of migration (M fraction ) unknown

21 Conclusion 2: Inferences for recruitment survey When fish are more inshore than offshore Missed in current survey area Fish moving in general east direction Count against the flow of fish (ship) Resident for ~30-90 days Some prospect for double counting Impact on acoustic survey design Change in survey design (reduce far offshore) Addition of in-out piston line Ultimately, tagging data may improve the recruitment estimates for tuna N fish ~ E fish. D detection. F offshore.t survey /T residence.m fraction

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