Bugs, Fish, Eagles. How Wastewater Treatment Saved Lower South San Francisco Bay for Critters
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1 Bugs, Fish, Eagles How Wastewater Treatment Saved Lower South San Francisco Bay for Critters
2 Serving 1.4 million residents + 17,000 commercial & industrial facilities in Silicon Valley
3 San Francisco Bay Where the water goes
4 Lower South Bay Palo Alto 229K Sunnyvale 145K San Jose 1.4 M Three wastewater treatment plants discharge to LSB
5 Lower South Bay Palo Alto 229K Sunnyvale 145K San Jose 1.4 M
6 Treatment Train Primary Secondary - BNR Tertiary - Advanced 60% B Side A Side BNR 2 (Formerly Nitrification)
7 Wastewater Treatment 101 Headworks screens out big chunks Primary physical settling separates floaters & sinkers Secondary biological treatment a living, breathing bug factory Bar Screens Primary Clarifier Notch Weirs Secondary Aeration Tanks
8 Tertiary / Advanced passes through a 10 micron filter! Disinfection
9 Beneficial Uses of Artesian Slough San Jose-Santa Clara RWF & Lower Coyote Creek Pond A18 Pond A16 Pond A17 Coyote Creek
10 Beneficial Uses of Artesian Slough & Lower Coyote Creek 1. Wildlife Habitat (WILD) Pond A18 2. Fish Spawning (SPWN) 3. Warm Freshwater Habitat (WARM) 4. Cold Freshwater Habitat (COLD) 5. Fish Migration (MIGR) 6. Non-Contact Recreation (REC-1) 7. Contact Recreation (REC-2) 8. Commercial & Sport Fishing (COMM) 9. Rare & Endangered Species (RARE) Pond A16 Pond A17 Coyote Creek
11 Results at Outfall Weir
12
13 Once upon a time A Sleepy Little Sewer Plant born in 1956
14 Then Now Population 380,000 1,400,000 BOD (Kg/d) 47,000 1,300 TSS (Kg/d) 25, Dissolved Oxygen in Artesian (mg/l) < 1.0 > 6.2 Good old days?
15 SJ-SC RWF Resident Population Served
16 Bay Area Population Growth Contaminants of emerging concern in San Francisco Bay v1.1 October 2017 sfei.org/rmp. p. 19
17 Earth Day 1970 Things were looking grim.
18 Treatment Improvement : primary treatment : secondary treatment : tertiary/advanced treatment : Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR)
19 Facility Improvement = better effluent TSS BOD Total Suspended Solids Biochemical Oxygen Demand Primary Secondary Tertiary/Advanced BNR
20 San Jose Nutrient Loads (Kg/d)
21 LSB Nutrient Loads (Kg/d) TN NH 3 TP Total Nitrogen (TN) Ammonia (NH 3 ) Total Phosphorus (TP)
22 Metals Loads (Kg/d)
23 Industrial & Commercial Improvement = better effluent Jack Dickinson at a metal finishing facility. Andrew Luong checking a flammable storage locker. Brian Fontes inspecting a dental amalgam separator. Chris Fivecoat measuring ph at an industrial site.
24 SJ/SC
25 South Bay Salt Pond Restoration in vicinity of SJ-SC RWF Acreage under restoration or managed. 2006: : : Acres A21 (2006) 63 Acres A20 (2006) 265 Acres A19 (2006) 375 Acres A6 (2010) 132 Acres A17 (2005/2013) 856 Acres A18 (2005) Circulation Only 615 Acres A5 (2011) Circulation Only 256 Acres A7 (2011) Circulation Only 549 Acres A8 Complex (2011) Circulation Only 243 Acres A16 (2005/2013) Managed Only SJ-SC RWF
26 South Bay Salt Pond Restoration in vicinity of SJ-SC RWF 147 Acres A21 (2006) 63 Acres A20 (2006) 265 Acres A19 (2006) 30% 375 Acres A6 (2010) Treated Wastewater 132 Acres A17 (2005/2013) 50% 615 Acres A5 (2011) Circulation Only 256 Acres A7 (2011) Circulation Only 549 Acres A8 Complex (2011) Circulation Only 243 Acres A16 (2005/2013) Managed Only SJ-SC RWF
27 Fishing at the Weir Up to 39 bass caught per hour! 100% Effluent
28
29 Monitoring the Bay since the 1960s SJ-SC RWF crew August 1968
30 Water Quality Monitoring 2017 Ryan Mayfield Things we monitor: ph, DO, Cond Temp, TSS Cu, Ni, Se NH 3, NO 3 TKN, PO 4 Jessica Donald Bryan Frueh More Things: Fish, Benthos, Phytos
31 Ongoing Studies Water Quality Monitoring San Jose: Phytoplankton species composition monitoring. USGS: Phytoplankton, chlorophyll, nutrients. RMP/SFEI: Nutrient fluxes and cycling. Benthic studies USGS: Clam & Benthic Bug abundance and diversity in Artesian Slough. Wildlife UC Davis: Fish abundance and diversity. SFBBO: Avian Disease monitoring & general bird occurrence observations.
32 Measuring Beneficial Uses in Artesian Otter Trawls
33 Measuring Beneficial Uses in Artesian Beach Seines 6/28/2014: Results: 7,633 tiny fish
34 Lots of Fish Lower Coyote Creek & Artesian Slough harbor some of the densest fish populations seen in SF Bay. - J. Hobbs
35 Searching for BUGS!!
36 Tiny Bugs Copepods, Cladocerons
37 Mysids Bigger Bugs in Artesian Slough Synidotea Corophium
38 Three species of native Crangon C. franciscorum C. nigricauda (Blacktail Bay Shrimp) C. nigromaculata (Blackspotted Bay Shrimp)
39 Non-native shrimp Paleamon Exopaleamon
40 Musculista senhousia Macoma petalum Potamocorbula Venerupis philippinarum (Japanese Littleneck)
41 Fish Food! Fish eat bugs Mysids, Crangon, Isopods
42 Baby Fish & Eggs Shiner Surfperch Inland Silversides with eggs
43 Bay Pipefish In A19 5/17/15
44 Striped Bass Longfin Smelt Threadfin Shad American Shad
45 Fish Diversity - winter Bat Ray American Shad White Sturgeon California Halibut Longfin Smelt Staghorn Sculpin RCold Freshwater Habitat (COLD) RRare & Endangered Species (RARE) Striped Bass
46 Fish Diversity - summer Bat Ray Plainfin Midshipman Striped Bass Starry Flounder Gobies Various Types Sanddab Pipefish RWarm Freshwater Habitat (WARM) Northern Anchovy
47 Bird Food! Birds eat fish Sculpin & Gobies Silversides Killifish Gobies Shrimp Larval Bass
48
49 RWildlife Habitat (WILD) Lots of Birds
50 Bugs! (Corophium) in Artesian Slough Very desirable food for fish & birds Corophium More corophium
51 Anchovies Artesian Slough Nov 2016
52 Corophium in anchovy stomachs
53 Spawning Anchovies! Male, stage 4 6 females, stage 4 8 anchovies post spawn or too young to spawn Who would have thought?
54 Mysids
55 Larval Longfin Smelt Triangular shaped swim bladder
56 Shokihaze Goby (AKA Bearded Goby) Slender, snake-like body for burrowing in mud bottom Arrow Goby Yellowfin Goby Beard
57 Longjaw Mudsucker Sentinel of healthy pickleweed marsh nearby
58 Babies California Halibut Nursery Young of year
59 Wet 2017: good year for Starry flounder & Prickly Sculpin
60 Sharks & Rays October 2016 Brown Smoothhound Leopard Shark Bat Rays Shovelnose Guitarfish
61 River Monsters from the Outfall Channel June 2015 Striped Bass ~ 3-6 years Largemouth Bass ~ 3-6 years Common Carp ~ 8-10 years
62 White Sturgeon
63 The El Nino Fish! Striped Mullet are Back not seen in SFB since /22/2015 5/20/2015 6/14/2015
64 12 July 2017
65 Cinnamon Teal Ruddy Duck Ducks on A16, looking west Scaup (hens) Redheads Ducks! Shovelers Gadwalls Goldeneye Ducks on A18, looking east
66 Fishing & Hunting R REC-1: Water Contact Recreation R Commercial & Sport Fishing (COMM)
67 Hiking & Sightseeing R REC-2: Noncontact Water Recreation
68 Observations on RWF Property Pond A18 Active Biosolids Lagoons (Teaming with life) Pond A16 Curtner Elementary School, Milpitas
69 North-west corner of Lagoon 53, 0726 AM
70 Ruddy Duck Ducks! Six species spotted in RWF lagoons 11/6/2016 Northern Shoveler Greenwinged Teal Northern Pintail Gadwall Mallard
71 Lagoon 36 on 26 May 2017
72 Other migratory birds seen Canada Geese American Coots (mud hens)
73 And then? Predators arrived: Falcons, Coyotes, Eagles
74 Peregrine Falcons Thunder Thunder Mama falcon Chick
75 Peregrine Falcons
76 Hawks
77 Drive with Caution Seriously! November 2016 Trouble arrived at Cootville Typical street scene at SJ-SC RWF
78 Bald Eagle Honeymoon
79 Bald Eagles nest where food is available Eagle nest Eagle Mama with chick Photo by Craig Eagle fan club
80 Mom Eagle with Fish! (photo by Ron Lam)
81 Did it really happen here? (photo by Ron Lam)
82 Meet Junior (photo by Ron Lam, one of many fans of our Milpitas Eagles)
83 Artesian Slough Today What Next?
84
85
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