LATVIJAS ZIVJU FAUNA. Atis Minde
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1 LATVIJAS ZIVJU FAUNA Atis Minde
2 ZIVJU DALĪJUMS EKOLOĂISKĀS GRUPĀS Jūras zivis dzīvo un nārsto jūrā. CeĜotājzivis Anadromās dzīves lielāko daĝu pavada jūrā, bet nārsto saldūdeħos. Katadromās dzīves lielāko daĝu pavada saldūdeħos, bet nārsto jūrā. Amfidromās līdzīgi anadromajām, tikai pirms nārsta vairākus gadus vēl pavada saldūdeħos. Saldūdens zivis dzīvo un nārsto saldūdeħos. Pseidoanadromās saldūdens zivis, kas bieži migrē no saldūdeħiem uz jūru un pretēji.
3 ZIVJU DALĪJUMS EKOLOĂISKĀS GRUPĀS Pelaăiskās zivis dzīvo vidējā un/vai virsējāūdens slānī. Bentiskās zivis dzīvo uz ūdenstilpes grunts. Bentopelaăiskās zivis dzīvo tuvu gruntij.
4 ZIVJU DALĪJUMS EKOLOĂISKĀS GRUPĀS Reofīlās sugas dod priekšroku sekliem, strauji tekošiem posmiem. Limnofīlās sugas dod priekšroku dziĝiem, lēni tekošiem posmiem. Uz jūras zivīm šāds dalījums nav attiecināms! Tā vietā attiecībā uz Baltijas jūru var runāt par siltūdens un aukstūdens sugām
5 alata (Thymallus thymallus) karpa (Cyprinus carpio) rauda (Rutilus rutilus) rudulis (Scardinius erythrophthalmus) ālants (Leuciscus idus) PA sapals (Leuciscus cephalus) baltais sapals (Leuciscus leuciscus) mailīte (Phoxinus phoxinus) strauta pavīėe (Alburnoides bipunctatus) plaudis (Abramis brama) plicis (Blicca bjoercna) vīėe (Alburnus alburnus) ausleja (Leucaspius delineatus) salate (Aspius aspius) asaris (Perca fluviatilis) PA zandarts (Sander lucioperca) PA ėīsis (Gymnocephalus cernuus) rotans (Percottus glehni)-ievazāta suga sams (Silurus glanis) vēdzele (Lota lota) 9 adatu stagars (Pungitius pungitius) LATVIJAS IHTIOFAUNA Saldūdens zivis spidiĝėis (Rhodeus sericeus amarus) 3 adatu stagars (Gasterosteus aculeatus) karūsa (Carassius carassius) sudrabkarūsa (Carassius auratus) līnis (Tinca tinca) spidiĝėis (Rhodeus sericeus amarus) kaze (Pelecus cultratus) spāre (Abramis ballerus) grundulis (Gobio gobio) parastais akmeħgrauzis (Cobitis taenia) bārdainais akmeħgrauzsis (Noemacheilus barbatulus) dūħu pīkste (Misgurnus fossilis) platgalve (Cottus gobio) līdaka (Esox lucius) ezeru salaka, sħitka (Osmerus eperlanus spirinchus) repsis (Coregonus albula) forele (Salmo trutta fario) Peipusa sīga? (Coregonus lavaretus maraenoides) pelede (Coregonus peled)?
6 Saldūdens zivis līdzīgās sugas Plaudis Spāre Plicis
7 Saldūdens zivis līdzīgās sugas Rauda Rudulis
8 Saldūdens zivis līdzīgās sugas Ālants Baltais sapals Sapals
9 Saldūdens zivis līdzīgās sugas Bārdainais akmeħgrauzis Parastais akmeħgrauzis DūĦu pīkste
10 Saldūdens zivis - sugas Strauta pavīėe SpidiĜėis Kaze
11 Saldūdens zivis Dalījums pelaăiskajās, bentopelaăiskajās un bentiskajās attiecībā uz Latvijas ihtiofaunu lielākoties ir nosacīts un vairāk atkarīgs no pieejamās barības un sezonas. Izteikti pelaăiskās: ausleja, vīėe, kaze, repsis. Izteikti bentiskās: zutis, sams, vēdzele, akmeħgrauzis, bārdainais akmeħgrauzis, platgalve.
12 Saldūdens zivis Reofīlās sugas alata, str. forele, strauta pavīėe, mailīte, sapals, baltais sapals, platgalve, b.akmeħgrauzis, akmeħgrauzis. Limnofīlās sugas rauda, rudulis, plaudis, plicis, karūsa, līnis, karpa, uc.
13 CeĜotājzivis lasis (Salmo salar) taimiħš (Salmo trutta) vimba (Vimba vimba) salaka (Osmerus eperlanus eperlanus) zutis (Anguilla anguilla) palede (Alosa fallax) sīga (Coregonus lavaretus) jūras un anadromā forma Piekrastē nosacīti arī zandarts!
14 CeĜotājzivis līdzīgās sugas Salaka Sīga Repsis nav ceĝotājzivs! Lasis / TaimiĦš
15 CeĜotājzivis līdzīgās sugas Palede ReĦăe nav ceĝotājzivs!
16 CeĜotājzivis Zandarts pseidoanadroma zivs Piekrastē zandarts bieži veic tālas migrācijas pat līdz 100 km un vairāk. Zandartu iezīmēšanas rezultāti ( ).
17 CeĜotājzivis Zutis vienīgā katadromā suga Latvijā: nārsto Sargasu jūrā, barojas saldūdens ūdenstilpēs. Ilgu laiku tika uzskatīts, ka Latvijā zušu populācija dabiskā ceĝā neatjaunojas. Jaunākie pētījumi parādīja, ka tā nav dabiskie zuši ir vismaz 60%. Zušiem ir daudzveidīga barošanās dzīvotħu izvēle.
18 CeĜotājzivis Sr:Ca satura attiecība zušu otolītos Restocked eel Natural recruit 1000 (Sr/Ca) (Sr/Ca) Distance from core (µm) Distance from core (µm) Inter-habitat shifter Sea eel 1000 (Sr/Ca) 12 8 freshwater sea freshwater sea 1000 (Sr/Ca) Distance from core (µm) Distance from core (µm)
19 CeĜotājzivis Pelaăiskās sugas: palede, lasis, taimiħš. Bentopelaăiskās sugas: sīga, salaka. Bentiskās sugas: vimba, zutis. Reofīlās sugas: lasis, taimiħš, vimba (nārsto straujtecēs). Limnofīla suga zutis.
20 Jūras zivis plekste (Platichthys flesus trachurus) akmeħplekste (Psetta maxima) jūras zeltplekste (Pleuronectes platessa) menca (Gadus morhua callarias) jūrasvēdzele (Enchelyopus cimbrius) lucītis (Zoarces viviparus) lentzivs (Lumpenus lampretaeformis) taukzivs (Pholis gunellus) reħăe (Clupea harengus membras) brētliħa (Sprattus sprattus) tūbīte (Ammodytes tobianus) nigliħš (Hyperoplus lanceolatus) ziemeĝu buĝĝzivs (Myoxocephalus scorpius) četrragu buĝĝzivs (Triglopsis quadricornis) jūras dzeloħgalve (Taurulus bubalis) sīga (Coregonus lavaretus) āėdegunis (Agonus cataphractus) zaėzivs (Cyclopterus lumpus) plūkšħzivs (Liparis liparis) jūrasgrundulis (Pomatoschistus microps) mazais jūrasgrundulis (Pomatoschistus minutus) melnais jūrasgrundulis (Gobius niger) apaĝais jūrasgrundulis ievazāta suga (Neogobius melanostomus) divplankumu jūrasgrundulis (Gobiusculus flavescens) čūskzivs (Nerophis ophidion) adatzivs (Syngnathus typhle) jūras stagars (Spinachia spinachia) anšovs (Engraulis encrasicholus)
21 Jūras zivis līdzīgās sugas ReĦăe BrētliĦa
22 Jūras zivis - Sugas
23 Jūras zivis - Sugas AkmeĦplekste Plekste
24 ApaĜais jūrasgrundulis (Neogobius melanostomus) LATVIJAS IHTIOFAUNA Invazīvās sugas! Dabiskā dzīvesvieta Melnā jūra, Kaspijas jūra, to baseini Izplatība Baltijas jūrā kopš 1990.gada GdaĦskas līcī, kopš 2004.gada Latvijas piekrastē (konstatēts arī Lietuvas, Igaunijas un Krievijas piekrastes ūdeħos).
25 Invazīvās sugas! Rotans (Percottus glehnii) Dabiskā dzīvesvieta Amūras baseins Izplatība Latvijā kopš 80to gadu vidus Daugavpils pilsētas apkaimes ezeros, iespējams arī Bauskas, Cēsu, Rīgas un Valmieras rajonos.
26 Sugu kompleksi Sugu komplekss, zivju sabiedrība kas tie tādi? Sugu komplekss, zivju sabiedrība (fish community) konkrētā biotopā sastopamo sugu kopa, ihtiocenozes struktūra plašākā skatījumā.
27 Sugu kompleksi Kas zivju sugām ir nepieciešams? Piemēroti hidroloăiskie apstākĝi (skābekĝa saturs ūdenī, temperatūra u.c.) Piemērots grunts sastāvs Nārstam un mazuĝiem piemērotas vietas Piemērota un pietiekama barība Slēptuves Iespēja migrēt
28 Sugu kompleksi - Ezeri Ietekmējošie faktori: Salaku repšu ezeri (dziĝi, zema temperatūra vasarā, daudz skābekĝa) Plaužu ezeri (tipiski eitrofi ezeri) Karūsu līħu ezeri (sekli, stipri aizauguši, maz skābekĝa) Purvu ezeri (augsts humīnvielu saturs ūdenī, ph < 7)
29 Sugu sastāvs: LATVIJAS IHTIOFAUNA Sugu kompleksi - Ezeri Sugas, kas parasti sastopamas lielā skaitā dažādos ezeros: plaudis, rauda, plicis, vīėe, ausleja, asaris, ėīsis, līdaka. Sugas, kas parasti ir nelielā skaitā: ālants, rudulis, karūsa, līnis, akmeħgrauzis, grundulis. Reti: vēdzele, dūħu pīkste, zutis, u.c.
30 Sugu kompleksi - Upes Ietekmējošie faktori: Ūdens hidroloăija un hidroėīmija (straumes ātrums, ūdens tº, skābekĝa saturs, ūdens skābums). Upes lielums (sateces baseina lielums, upes platums un dziĝums). Biotopu daudzveidība upes posmā (krastu veăetācija, grunts tips un reljefs, zemūdens veăetācija). PiesārĦojums.
31 Sugu kompleksi - Upes Sugu skaits atkarībā no upes sateces baseina lieluma sugu skaits baseina platība km2 (log)
32 Sugu kompleksi - Upes Tipiskas straujteču sugas: bārdainais akmeħgrauzis, platgalve, strauta pavīėe, mailīte, baltais sapals, sapals, strauta forele, laša un taimiħa mazuĝi, alata (izħemot Salacas baseinu), grundulis, salate. Tipiskas lēni tekošu upju sugas: vīėe, ālants, rauda, plaudis, asaris, u.c., kas sastopamas arī ezeros.
33 Sugu kompleksi - Piekraste Atvērta un Ĝoti mainīga ekosistēma! Ietekmējošie faktori: Ūdens temperatūra, meteoroloăiskie apstākĝi Ăeogrāfiskais novietojums Upju vai ar jūru savienotu ezeru tuvums Sezona
34 Sugu kompleksi - Piekraste Atklātās jūras piekraste Seklumā (līdz 1,5 2 m): jūrasgrunduĝi, 3 un 9 adatu stagari + daudz un dažādas sugas atkarībā no vietas, gadalaika un meteoroloăiskajiem apstākĝiem. DziĜāk (2 20 m): plekste, reħăe, vimba, + daudz un dažādas sugas atkarībā no vietas, gadalaika un meteoroloăiskajiem apstākĝiem.
35 Sugu kompleksi - Piekraste Atklātās jūras piekraste Pape Jūrmalciems 0,00 50,00 100,00 150,00 0,00 50,00 100,00 150,00 Jūnijs 0,00 0,00 100,00 Jūnijs 0,13 0,39 99,47 Jūlijs 38,87 43,77 17,36 Jūlijs 7,89 24,56 67,54 CeĜotājzivis Jūras zivis Saldūdens zivis CeĜotājzivis Jūras zivis Saldūdens zivis
36 Sugu kompleksi Piekrastes karte
37 Sugu kompleksi - Piekraste Rīgas jūras līča piekraste Seklumā (līdz 1,5 2 m): 3 un 9 adatu stagari, vīėes + daudz un dažādas sugas atkarībā no vietas, gadalaika un meteoroloăiskajiem apstākĝiem. DziĜāk (2 20 m): reħăe, asaris, rauda + daudz un dažādas sugas atkarībā no vietas, gadalaika un meteoroloăiskajiem apstākĝiem.
38 Sugu kompleksi - Piekraste Temperatūras dinamika Rīgas jūras līča piekrastē 2004.gadā Apr 13.Mai 07.Jūn 02.Jūl 27.Jūl 21.Aug 15.Sep 10.Okt 04.Nov Salacgrīva Lapmežciems
39 Sugu kompleksi - Piekraste Rīgas jūras līča piekraste Līča dienvidu piekraste 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Jan Feb Mar Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dec CeĜotājzivis Jūras zivis Saldūdens zivis
40 Sugu kompleksi Piekrastes karte
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