Relationship of energy metabolism and juvenile Pacific salmon survival of during adaptation at sea

Transcription

1 Kamchatka Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (KamchatNIRO), Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia ( Relationship of energy metabolism and juvenile Pacific salmon survival of during adaptation at sea А.V. Klimov, А.P. Lozovoy, I.V. Zhiganova

2 N N N N N N 135 E 140 E 145 E 150 E 155 E 160 E 165 E 170 E 175 E 180 E 185 E 190 E 195 E 2 Map of trawl station

3 20 Summer trawl surveys of juvenile salmon in the coastal zone of West Kamchatka 2017 Oncorhynchus gorbuscha + keta O. nerka O. kisutch

4 Seasonal dynamics of total lipids and proteins in the muscle tissue of juvenile Pacific salmon during migrations in the Okhotsk Sea %, lipids 8 7,5 7 6,5 6 5,5 5 4,5 4 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 PROTEINS LIPIDS I II III I II III I II III I II III I II III I II III I II III I II III I II III I II III July August September October November December January February March April %, proteins pink chum sockeye coho chinook pink chum sockeye coho

5 The long-term dynamics of lipid content in the muscle tissue of juveniles of Pacific salmon 4,5 4,0 Coastal waters of Western Kamchatka ,5 3,0 2,5 2,0 1,5 1,0 0,5 0,0 O. keta O. nerka O. kisutch O. masou O. tschawytscha Jule August Jule August M (Aver.) ±SE Min-Max Jule August Jule August Jule August

6 Basal metabolism of fish in different environmental conditions 0,8 0,7 (Winberg, 1956) 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0,0 Huro floridiana Huro salmoides Esox lucius Idus melanotus Leuciscus idus Gobitis fossilis Pomoxis annularis Tinea vulgaris Gobites fossilis Ameiurus melas Щука Cyprinus tinea Anguilla vulgaris Misgurnus fossilis Luxilus cornutus Squalius cephalus Erimyzon sucetta ollongus Ichthyomyzon fossor Lampetra fluviatilis Abramis brama Стерлядь Gobitis taenia L. Шип Красноперка Campostoma anotnalum Phoxinus laevis Leuciscus idus Perca fluviatilis Acerina cernua Etheostoma blennioides Nemachilus barbatulus Сурrinus phoxinus Petromyzon marinus Gambusia affinis holbrookii Leucissus cephalus Leuciscus leuciscus baicalensis Rutilus rutilus Gobio gobio Alburnus alburnus Осетр Gobio gobio Girardinus guppyi Cottus gobio Leucaspius delineatus карповые Leuciscus leuciscus Lebistes reticulata Gambusia holbrookii Севрюга Муксун Stenodus leucichthys nelma Salvelinus fontinalis Радужная форель Невская корюшка Сиг ладожский Trutta iridea Salmo salar Plecoglossus altivelis Salmo fario Белорыбица Лосось Sargus rondeleti Blennius pholis Callionymus lyra Gasterosteus marinus Merlangus pollachius Syngnathus acuc Cottus scorpius Labrus bergylta Cantharus lineatus Heliastes chromis Trachinus vipera Serranus scriba Sparus auratus Platessa vulgaris Sparus auratus Scyllium catulus Trigla hirundo Solea vulgaris Solea vulgaris Girella nigricans Pleuronectes solea Pleuronectes maxlmus Barbus rhombus Gobius paganellus Scorpaena porcus Muraena conger Trigla hirundo Cottus bubalis Морская игла Anquilla vulgaris Scyllium cassicula Scylliorhinus stellaris Anquilla vulgaris Tautogolabrus adspeisus Blennius gattorugine Scylliorhinus stellaris Conger niger Scyllium catulus Clinocottus analis Raja torpedo Labrus bergylta ichthyofauna of fresh water species of Salmonidae graziery in sea water species of Salmonidae graziery in fresh water ichthyofauna of sea water

7 Trends of empirical dependences of water temperature on somatic growth and elements of metabolism of juvenile pink in the sea basing on the empirical (7-13 С) and rated modeling (14-18 С) Metobolism, % Т ( С) Ration Assimilative energy Active metabolism Energy consumption for growth К2/10 Basal metabolism

8 Conversion coefficient (K 2 ) approximate to the physiological side-chapel Daily ration O. gorbuscha 10% O. kisutch 10 % O. keta 8 % from body weight complete renewal of the food lump per day

9 The relationship between temperature and the juvenile salmon ration Ration, % body weight O. gorbuscha O. kisutch O. keta O. nerka Т ( С)

10 Trends of empirical dependences of water temperature on somatic growth and elements of metabolism of juvenile pink in the sea basing on the empirical (7-13 С) and rated modeling (14-18 С) Metobolism, % Т ( С) Ration Assimilative energy Active metabolism Energy consumption for growth К2/10 Basal metabolism

11 1 st case 60 N N Catch, t spawning escapement normal 50 N 155 E 160 E 165 E причина

12 2 nd case 60 N N Catch, t spawning escapement extremely high 50 N 155 E 160 E 165 E

13 Power spectrum Predators Planktophages Decapoda Euphausiacea O. kisutch O. keta Euphausiacea Hyperiidae O. gorbuscha Decapoda Mysidae Pisces Mysidae Pisces Mysidae Copepoda Pisces Copepoda O. nerka O. masou O. tschawytscha Euphausiacea Euphausiacea Decapoda Mysidae Euphausiacea Decapoda Mysidae Other Pisces Mysidae Pisces Copepoda Pisces

14 Shelf zones 60 N 55 N 50 N 155 E 160 E 165 E 170

15 CONCLUSION The most critical time in the period at sea is the time when smolts leave the river Period from juvenile emigration from the river and until leaving for the sea from the coastal zone there can take place a scenario under especial terms, where mortality is high Over developed shelf juvenile salmon get adapted to live at sea in the coastal zone and leave it for the open sea being ready physiologically. Narrow shelf makes small juvenile salmon to leave the zone quickly

16 Thank you for attention