Session A2 - Free access for riverine fish along the Dutch Rhine, hydraulics and construction of the Dutch Rhine fishways

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1 University of Massachusetts - Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst International Conference on Engineering and Ecohydrology for Fish Passage International Conference on Engineering and Ecohydrology for Fish Passage 2012 Jun 5th, 2:30 PM - 3:00 PM Session A2 - Free access for riverine fish along the Dutch Rhine, hydraulics and construction of the Dutch Rhine fishways Kees Dorst Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment Follow this and additional works at: Dorst, Kees, "Session A2 - Free access for riverine fish along the Dutch Rhine, hydraulics and construction of the Dutch Rhine fishways" (2012). International Conference on Engineering and Ecohydrology for Fish Passage This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the The Fish Passage Community at UMass Amherst at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Conference on Engineering and Ecohydrology for Fish Passage by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact scholarworks@library.umass.edu.

2 Free access for riverine fish along the Dutch Rhine, hydraulics and construction of the Dutch Rhine fishways Kees Dorst (MSc. Eng.) Senior Specialist Hydraulic Engineering Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment Department of Hydraulic Engineering and Environment Utrecht, The Netherlands Co-author: Frank Kok (Ministry of I & M)

3 (1) Technical length: km catchment area: km 2 discharge: m 3 /s ship movements: /y

4 (2) Until 1957 sea fish (salmon and sea trout) in the Dutch Rhine. Technical

5 (3) These fish disappeared completely due to: Decreasing water quality (pollution) Loss of spawning and nursery grounds Construction of barriers Technical

6 (4) Technical (RAP) (1986): Goal: International agreement on Rehabilitation of the Rhine with the salmon as flag specie Improvement of water quality Free access for riverine fish

7 (5) Technical Salmon as indicator for clean water and sustainable river

8 (6) Water quality increases significantly. The salmon is coming back! Technical

9 (7) Technical NEDAP Trail System

10 (8) Technical NEDAP Trail System

11 (9) Technical Weirs still are a problem!

12 (10) Technical 3 in Lower Rhine branch -Upstream regulates discharge water supply to IJsselmeer -Downstream prevents salt intrusion Middle: - enable ship movements between Block fish passage!

13 (11) Technical Open at large discharges

14 (12) Technical Mostly (partially) closed

15 (1) Technical Determine target species Dutch case: all species (rheophilic, limnophilic, eurytopic) 3 main ecological design criteria: 1. Migration period 2. Swim capacity 3. Orientation for each target specie

16 (2) Technical 1. Migration period of riverine fish in the Netherlands:

17 (3) 2. Swim capacity Maximum swim capacity (m/s) Max. countercurrent (m/s) Distance > 10 m Distance < 10 m Technical weak swimmer (f.i. carp, bream) strong swimmer (f.i. salmon, sea trout) 0,5 1,0 1,0 1,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5

18 (4) Technical 3. Orientation Behavior of fish in the flow determines the position of the downstream opening. Attraction current: Indication: Q Q fishway river 3 % Optimal attraction current

19 (5) Technical Q fishway 4 Fishway operational Q river weir Q fishway? Opening river weir Extra attraction flow: pipes from upstream to downstream opening fishway Q river weir 1000

20 (6) Technical 3. Orientation Entrance should be located on the edge of the turbulent zone (migration limit line). Bad example

21 (7) Technical 3. Orientation Good example

22 (8) Technical Technical design criteria: differences in discharges and water levels weir operating management balance economic benefit of Hydro power station vs. optimal attraction current (middle fishway) Qmax most upstream fishway = 10 m3/s Qmax middle (hydropower) = 4 m3/s Qmax downstream = 4 m3/s Bypass: Open channel spacious weirpool fishways

23 (1) Technical Result: Combined weir (V-shape + vertical slot): For all target species For different discharges and water levels Max. discharge is possible

24 (2) Technical For h H b : Q C C SII SI C 0.8 b C P 4 2 ( ) ( g) 3 3 2g ( h and for h 1 < 1.25 H b : vs Q C DII SII 0.8 b vs DI C P DII 5 2g 1 4 ( ) 5 g 1 tan( ) ( h1 H b ) H b tan( ) ( h1 2 0,5 h 5 2 ( h 1 ) 2 g 2 h 2 2 tan( ) ( h1 ) 2 ) 2,5 2,5 1 2 H b ) 1,5

25 (3) Technical Max. swim capacity distance < 10 m Max. discharge 4 m3/s per weir: h 1 -h 2 0,16 m

26 (4) Technical Max. discharge 4 m 3 /s h 1 -h 2 0,16 m Geometry of weirs

27 (5) Technical Max. swim capacity distance > 10 m Max. discharge 4 m 3 /s Open channel hydraulics Pools: Depth (1,5 m) width (10 m)

28 (6) Technical Max. head difference river weir (3,8 m) h 1 -h 2 0,16 m 24 weirs Min. length of pools (10 m) 24 weirs Total length fishway > 230 m

29 (7) Technical The eco-engineer ads the details

30 (8) Technical

31 (9) Technical

32 (1) Technical 1. Defined goal 2. Political willingness 3. Successful cooperation between different disciplines (technical, ecological) 4. Public interest and involvement And the fish are very happy!! Now I can go upstairs, to make love and to die happily

33 (1) Technical

34 Bleak (Alburnus alburnus) Roach (Rutilus rutilus) White bream (blicca bjoerkna) Bream (Abramis brama) Perch (Perca fluviatilis) Pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) Pike (Esox lucius) Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Prussian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) Ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus) Wels (Silurus glanis) Sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) River lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis) Eel (Anguilla anguilla) Trout (Salmo trutta) Flounder (Platichthys flesus) Ide (Leuciscus idus) Gudgeon (Gobio gobio) Asp (Aspius aspius) Nace (Chondrostoma nasus) Chub (Leuciscus cephalus) Tubenose (Proterorhinus marmoratus) Bullhead (Cottus gobio) Rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus) number (2) Technical Eurytopic Diadromous Rheophillic Limnophilic ,1 species

35 (3) Technical

36 Thank you! Any questions?