Studies on Role of Environmental and Male Parental Factors on Lactation Period in HF x Deoni Crossbred Cattle

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1 2017; SP1: E-ISSN: P-ISSN: JPP 2017; SP1: BN Thorat BM Thombre UY Bhoite Studies on Role of Environmental and Male Parental Factors on Lactation Period in HF x Deoni Crossbred Cattle BN Thorat, BM Thombre and UY Bhoite Abstract A land poor in livestock is never rich and a land rich in livestock is never poor. Livestock rearing is an integral part of farming system. In the present study pedigree records maintained at Cattle Cross Breeding Project, VNMKV, Parbhani (Maharashtra) for the period of 1977 to 2014 were utilized to study the role of genetic and non-genetic factors on production performance of 411 HF x Deoni crossbred having 1753 lactations. The LSM of lactation period were estimated. The average lactation period of HF x Deoni crossbred cows were days. In HF x Deoni crossbred cows the influence of period of calving, season of calving and sire had significant on lactation period. However, the variation due to lactation order and age at first calving group were non-significant. Keywords: CCBP, Environmental factors, Lactation period and sire Introduction A land poor in livestock is never rich and a land rich in livestock is never poor. Livestock rearing is an integral part of farming system. Livestock plays very important role in Indian economy. The overall contribution of livestock sector in total GDP is nearly 4.2 % at current prices during Crossbred animal performance is combination of additive and non additive genetic factors. The crossbred cows have shown their superiority over local cows in productivity and reproductive efficiency in our country. Creation of new cattle breeds to increase milk production was started in India from 1865 when the Taylor was formed by crossing Zebu with Jersey breed. Therefore, crossbreeding of Indian cattle with improved European breeds of dairy cattle has been adopted as method of replacing the genotypes and augmenting the milk production. Crossbred cattle s blood is more susceptible to environmental changes (Mote et al., 2014) [35]. Materials and Methods The observations pertaining to lactation period for Holstein Friesian x Deoni crossbred cows were collected from history cum pedigree sheets over a period of 38 years (1977 to 2014) maintained at Cattle Cross Breeding Project, Vasantrao Naik Marathawada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani. The data were standardized by lactation less than 100 days were not considered. The collected data of lactation period were classified according to the period of calving, season of calving, lactation order and age at first calving group. Entire span of 38 years were divided into 5 periods as P 1 (< ), P 2 ( ), P 3 ( ), P 4 ( ) and P 5 ( ). The year was divided into 3 seasons as rainy (S 1) June-September, winter (S 2) October-January and summer (S 3) February-May. Lactation orders were considered from 1 st to 11 th lactation orders and coded as L 1 to L 11. Age at first calving were classified into 5 groups as A 1 (up to 1250), A 2 (1251 to 1400), A 3 (1401 to 1550), A 4 (1551 to 1700) and A 5 (Above 1700). Analysis of data was carried out by using Least Squares analysis method as described by Harvey (1990) and by using the Statistical Analysis System (SAS, 2002) [48] software programme. Correspondence BN Thorat The following models were used Model I Y ijklm = µ + Pi + Sj + Lk + Al + e ijklm Where, Y ijklm = Observations on lactation period of m th animal belonging to i th period of calving, j th season of calving, k th lactation order and l th age at first calving group ~ 223 ~

2 µ = Population mean P i = Effect of i th period of calving (i =1, 2---5) S j = Effect of j th season of calving (j =1, ---3) L k = Effect of k th lactation order (k = 1, ) A l = Effect of l th age at first calving group (l = 1---5) e ijkl = Random error associate with NID (0, σ 2 e) Model II The least squares means of lactation period was estimated by considering effect of sire. The model used for estimation was as under; Yij = µ + Si + eij Where, Y ij = Observations on lactation period of j th individual belonging to the i th sire µ = Population mean S i = Effect of i th sire (i =1, ) e ij = Random error associate with NID (0, σ 2 e) Duncan s multiple range test (DMRT) Whenever the effects were significant the differences between means were tested for significance by Duncun s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) as modified by Kramer (1957) [29]. Result and Discussion The LSM and analysis of variance for lactation period affected by non-genetic factors in HF x Deoni crossbred cows were shown in Table 1 and 2, respectively. The overall least squares mean of lactation period in HF x Deoni crossbred cows were days. The present lactation period was close to values reported by Singh and Tomar (1991) [50] in Karan Fries cows, Dhale (2003) [11] and Salunkhe (2007) [47] in Deoni cattle, Dongre et al. (2011) [13] in Sahiwal cattle, Eid et al. (2012) [14] in Holstein Frisian cattle, Zewdu et al. (2013) [57], Bhutkar (2014) [8], Ambhore (2015) [3] and Pawar (2015) [43] in Holstein Friesian x Deoni. 1. Effect of period of calving In HF x Deoni crossbred cows the effect of period of calving on lactation period was significant (P < 0.01). The results had in agreement with Chawla and Mishra (1982) [9] reported in Sahiwal cows, Gupta and Johar (1983) [18] and Gupta et al. (1986) [19] in Holstein Friesian x Tharparkar, Kumar and Bhatnagar (1989) [31] in Karan Swiss and Karan Fries cows, Jagtap et al. (1994) [24] and Kulkarni (2001) [30] in Red Sindhi cows, Nagare and Patel (1997) [36] in Gir crosses, Gawari (1999) [16] in FJG, BFG and JFG triple cross cows, Patel et al. (2010) [38] in Holstein Friesian cattle, Ghatcharle (2003) [17], Anarase (2011) [4] and Zewdu et al. (2013) [57] in Holstein Friesian x Deoni crossbred, Kamble (2003) [25] in Gir crossbred cows, Salunkhe (2007) [47] in Deoni cattle, Zol (2007) [58] in Phule Triveni crossbred cows, Lakshmi et al. (2009) [32] in Holstein Friesian x Sahiwal cattle, Mhasade (2010) [34] in FG crossbred cows, Bajetha and Singh (2011) [6] in crossbred cattle, Hadge et al. (2012) [21] in Jersey x Sahiwal crossbred, Patond (2013) [42] in Gir triple cross cows and Tambe (2016) [52] in HF x Gir halfbred. Table 1: Least squares means for lactation period (days) as affected by non-genetic factors in HF x Deoni crossbred cows. Source of variation Code N LP (days) Mean S.E Overall mean µ Period of calving P a 4.83 P ab 4.22 P ab 4.54 P a 5.85 P b 5.85 Season of calving S b 4.32 S a 4.25 S a 4.41 Lactation order L L L L L L L L L L L AFC groups A A A A A Means with similar superscripts are not differ significantly It indicated that LP of cows during period P 1, P 2, P 3 and P 4 were significantly longer and at par with each other than period P 5 in HF x Deoni crossbred cows. This might be due to improvement in feeding and management of animals. ~ 224 ~

3 2. Effect of season of calving The variation due to season of calving on lactation period was significant (P < 0.05) in HF x Deoni crossbred cows. These results were in accordance with the report of Thombre (1991) [54], Bhutkar (2014) [8] and Ambhore (2015) [3] observed in Friesian x Deoni halfbred cows, Mathur and Khosla (1994) [33] in Gir cattle, Arora et al. (1996) [5], Lakshmi et al. (2009) [32] and Komatwar et al. (2010) [28] in Holstein Friesian x Sahiwal cattle, Patil (1997) [40] in Sahiwal and Jersey cattle, Varade et al. (2002) [56] in Jersey crossbred cows and Ahamad et al. (2003) [1] in Holstein Friesian cattle. In present study highest lactation period was noticed in cows calved during S 2 ( days) and S 3 ( days) season which are not differed from each other than S 1 ( days) season. Table 2: Analysis of variance for LP in HF x Deoni crossbred cows. Source of variation df SS MSS F value Period of calving ** Season of calving * Lactation order AFC groups Error Total *= P < 0.05, ** = P < Effect of lactation order In HF x Deoni crossbred cows the analysis of variance indicated that the effect of lactation order on lactation period was non-significant. These results were in agreement with Reddy et al. (1987) [46] reported in Ongole crossbreds, Sennayan et al. (1987) [49] and Thakur and Singh (2000) [53] in Jersey x Red Sindhi cows, Dhumal et al. (1993) [12] in Deoni cows, Katiyar et al. (1993) [26] in Sahiwal cows, Bhoite (1996) [7] in FG, IFG, JG, FJG, IFJG and JFG and IJFG crosses, Khade (2001) [27] in FG crossbred, Kulkarni (2001) [30] in Red Sindhi cows, Ali et al. (2004) [2] in crossbred cows, Zol (2007) [58], Nikam (2010) [37] and Pol et al. (2013) [44] in Phule Triveni cows, Patond (2009) [41] in Jersey cows, Talape (2010) [51] in Jersey crossbred cows, Patond (2013) [42] in Gir triple cross cows, Ambhore (2015) [3] in Holstein Friesian x Deoni and Tambe (2016) [52] in HF x Gir halfbred. Table 3: Lactation period in HF x Deoni crossbred cows as affected by sire. Sire code N LP (days) Mean S.E Sire code N LP (days) Mean S.E µ B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B ~ 225 ~

4 The lactation period (days) of cows calved during L 11 ( ) lactation was highest and lowest in L 10 ( ) lactation. This might be attributed to their physiological development of body, milk secretary tissues and mammary glands with advancing age. 4. Effect of age at first calving group In HF x Deoni crossbred cows the analysis of variance indicated that effect due to age at first calving group was nonsignificant on LP. Similar results observed by Patil (1983) [39], Gatchearle et al. (2009) [15], Bhutkar (2014) [8] and Pawar (2015) [43] noticed in Holstein Friesian x Deoni crossbred cattle, Umrikar et al. (1990) [55] in Jersey x Gir crossbred cattle, Dalal et al. (1993) [10] in HF x Hariana crossbred, Rahumathulla et al. (1994) [45] in Jersey x Tharparkar cattle, Gawari (1999) [16] in FJG, BFG and JFG triple cross cows, Kulkarni (2001) [30] in Red Sindhi cows, Patond (2009) [41] in Jersey cows, Mhasade (2010) [34] in FG crossbred cows, Nikam (2010) [37] in Phule Triveni cows, Patond (2013) [42] in Gir triple cross cows, Bhutkar (2014) [8] and Jagdale (2015) [23] in Deoni cattle. 5. Effect of sire The analysis of variance indicating effect of sire on lactation period and means of lactation period were presented in Table 3 and 4, respectively. In HF x Deoni crossbred cows the effect of sire on lactation period was significant (P < 0.01). Similar results reported by Hadge et al. (2009) [20] reported in Jersey x Sahiwal crossbred cows and Tambe (2016) [52] in HF x Gir halfbred. The highest mean lactation period observed in cows of sire B 9 ( days). However, lowest value observed in cows of sire B 52 ( days). Table 4: Least squares analysis of variance of LP as affected by sire in HF x Deoni crossbred cows. Source of variation df SS MSS F value Sire ** Error Total ** = P < 0.01 Conclusions The variation in management, environmental effects as well as feeding practices coupled with population size during different periods might affected lactation period. The genotype in crossbred cows were efficient to tolerate the seasonal changes and higher lactation period in cows calved during winter season might be due to abundant availability of green fodder to milking cows, type of feed, environmental deviations and management, which varies greatly during different seasons. Age at first calving group does not showed significant influence on the production level of animals. Therefore, it is recommended to breed animals as early as possible so as to increase productive life of cows. The better production performance of progenies may be due to its superior genetic potentiality. Reference 1. 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