2015 SENIOR UNSOUNDNESS & LAMENESS

Transcription

1 2015 SENIOR UNSOUNDNESS & LAMENESS EASY 6596 (easy) HIH455-6 Q: When is lameness due to osselets most pronounced? A: During exercise 6597 (easy) HIH455-7 Q: Name 2 things you can do to treat a splint? A: Ice packs/cold hosing, anti-inflammatory drug/bute, support wraps, rest 6598 (easy) TH164 Q: What unsoundness is most noticeable when backing the horse? A: Stringhalt 6599 (easy) HIH Q: What is a cataract? A: Cloudy or opaque appearance of the eye (more specifically the lens of the eye) (accept general or specific) 6600 (easy) HH13/TH164 Q: What is the most common blemish of the hind limbs? A: Capped hock 6601 (easy) HIH540-4 Q: What condition in horses can be compared to a severe blood blister under your fingernail? A: Laminitis or founder 6602 (easy) ADV335-3L Q: Cataracts are a condition where a cloudiness or opacity forms in what structure in the horse s eye? A: Lens 6603 (easy) HS13/TH163 Q: Where is a sweeney usually found? A: Shoulder or hip 6604 (easy) HIH540-1 Q: A horse with no blemishes or unsoundnesses on the legs is said to have what? A: Clean legs 6605 (easy) HIH540-1 Q: Founder causes lameness & if left untreated, may result in what? A: Loss of use of the horse, dropped sole, or death (only need to give one) 6606 (easy) HIH455-6 Q: What age category of horses is prone to splints? A: Young

2 6607 (easy) HIH455-6 Q: Which type of ringbone is more common, high or low? A: High 6608 (easy) HIH Q: 2 part question: What is parrot mouth & is it classified as an unsoundness or blemish? A: Upper jaw is longer than lower jaw. It's an unsoundness (easy) HIH230-1 Q: Why is soundness in the horse of extreme importance? A: Unsoundness affects his usefulness (if he s not sound, you can t use him) 6610 (easy) HIH540-4,640-1 Q: Give 2 causes of founder. A: Overfeeding grain, sudden change in feed or feed ration, overeating lush grass in spring, concussion, infections, allergies, poison, drug allergies, colic, retained placenta, exhaustion, contact with black walnut shavings, excessive cold water, enterotoxemia, sudden weather changes (accept any correct answer) 6611 (easy) HIH Q: Is a cataract an unsoundness or a blemish? A: Unsoundness 6612 (easy) HIH795-2 Q: Name 2 ways of preventing laminitis due to grass founder. A: Keep horses off of lush, fast-growing pastures, don t let horse graze on spring pasture when it has been sunny & then has gotten cold, turn horses out to pasture in the early morning when sugar levels are low, let horses fill up on hay before getting turned out, use grazing muzzles, don't allow on pasture at all 6613 (easy) HIH540-5 Q: Horses with small feet for their body size are predisposed to what? A: Navicular disease 6614 (medium) HIH540-4 Q: Describe what happens to a horse's hoof when severe founder occurs. A: Coffin bone rotates (additional info -- If not stabilized, it may penetrate the sole) 6615 (easy) HIH220-4 Q: What is the term for a mark or deformity that diminishes the beauty but not the usefulness of the horse? A: Blemish 6616 (easy) HIH455-1 Q: What do you call any irregularity in gait that results from moving with pain or difficulty? A: Lameness 6617 (easy) HIH640-1 Q: Give an example of a blemish. A: Scar, rope burn, (accept any reasonable answer)

3 6618 (easy) HIH640-1 Q: What is another name for laminitis? A: Founder 6619 (easy) HIH Q: Name the unsoundness described as the lower jaw being shorter than the upper jaw. A: Parrot mouth 6620 (easy) TH166/HH9 Q: What do you call the downward rotation of the coffin bone due to chronic founder or laminitis? A: Dropped sole 6621 (easy) HIH455-1 Q: Most lamenesses can be detected at what gait? A: Trot 6622 (easy) HIH220-4 Q: Explain unsoundness in a horse. A: An abnormality that interferes with the usefulness of the horse 6623 (easy) HIH1060-5/TH93 Q: Name 2 congenital defects of the jaw. A: Parrot mouth (overshot jaw/overbite) & monkey mouth (undershot jaw/underbite, sow mouth) 6624 (easy) HS12 Q: What does it mean when we say a horse is "sound"? A: No injuries, diseases, or unsoundnesses (only need to give one) 6625 (easy) HIH Q: Which condition causes clouding of the eye lens & may result in blindness? A: Cataract 6626 (easy) HS13 Q: If a horse is lame on a front foot, describe the way he would walk. A: Head bobs when the lame foot strikes the ground 6627 (easy) HIH230-1 Q: Define blemish. A: Any mark or deformity that diminishes the beauty, but not the usefulness of a horse 6628 (easy) HIH540-2/TH164 Q: Describe the blemish known as a quarter or sand crack. A: Crack in the hoof wall 6629 (easy) HIH640-1 Q: What is another name for founder? A: Laminitis

4 6630 (easy) HIH455-7/TH159 Q: Are most splints found on the inside or outside of the cannon? A: Inside 6631 (easy) HS13/TH159 Q: What is one of the most common defects of the front legs? A: Splint 6632 (easy) HIH455-7 Q: What is the main treatment for a bowed tendon? A: Rest 6633 (easy) HS12 Q: What common term refers to a horse that's free from injuries & flaws? A: Sound 6634 (easy) HH9/TH166 Q: What is dropped sole? A: Downward rotation of the coffin bone due to founder or laminitis 6635 (easy) HS13/TH164 Q: Define stringhalt. A: Excessive jerking of the hind legs 6636 (easy) HIH230-4 Q: What is a bony growth on either or both sides of the pastern? A: Ringbone 6637 (easy) HIH230-1 Q: Referring to horses, concussion of the feet is the primary cause of what? A: Lameness 6638 (easy) HIH540-3/HS50/TH162 Q: What is navicular disease? A: Inflammation of the navicular bone OR pain in area of navicular bone 6639 (easy) HS13/TH163 Q: Where would you find a shoe boil? A: On horse's elbow 6640 (easy) HIH230-4 Q: Name the unsoundness described as a hard swelling below the point of hock. A: Curb 6641 (easy) HIH465-4 Q: Name a cause of cataracts in the horse. A: May be inherited, may develop after inflammation of the eye

5 6642 (easy) HIH540-3 Q: Explain the phrase "go short". A: To take short steps indicative of lameness 6643 (easy) HIH455-2 Q: What term is used when, as a sign of lameness, the horse stands with one front foot extended more than normal? A: Pointing 6644 (easy) HS13 Q: How may the exact location of lameness be found? A: Compare sore leg to the opposite leg, look or feel for swelling, feel for tenderness, use hoof testers (only need to give one) 6645 (easy) HS13/TH164 Q: Name the unsoundness described as a nervous disorder characterized by excessive jerking of the hind leg. A: Stringhalt 6646 (easy) HIH230-1 Q: Describe the unsoundness known as ringbone. A: Bony growth on one or both sides of the pastern 6647 (easy) HIH455-1 Q: Define lameness. A: Any irregularity of gait resulting from moving with pain or difficulty 6648 (easy) H5-35 Q: What are soft, puffy, fluid-filled swellings around a joint, usually fetlock or pastern? A: Windpuffs 6649 (easy) HS13/TH163 Q: Atrophy of the shoulder muscle due to nerve paralysis is called what? A: Sweeney OR shoulder Sweeney (accept either) 6650 (easy) HS13/TH164 Q: What is the main cause of hind leg unsoundness? A: Sprain, strains, or twists 6651 (easy) TH145/HIH455-1 Q: Where does the most unsoundness from concussion & trauma occur in the horse? A: Front legs 6652 (easy) HIH230-4 Q: Name one joint that ringbone affects. A: Pastern & coffin (accept either) 6653 (easy) HIH455-1 Q: Name the condition simply defined as an inflammation of the laminae of the foot. A: Laminitis or founder

6 6654 (easy) HIH455-1 Q: What specific type of ringbone is located at the coffin joint? A: Low 6655 (easy) HS12 Q: If a horse is said to be "favoring" a foot, what is he doing? A: Limping slightly 6656 (easy) HS13/TH164 Q: What is an enlargement on the point of hock called? A: Capped hock 6657 (easy) HIH230-1 Q: What is the cause of most leg injuries? A: Trauma MEDIUM 6658 (medium) CAHA19/DET36 Q: What common term would be used to describe a situation where the superficial flexor tendon is swollen due to tendonitis? A: Bowed tendon 6659 (medium) TH165/FCH406 Q: Thoroughpin is a soft, fluid-filled enlargement of the outside of the joint that can be pushed freely from the outside to the inside surface of the joint. What joint is it found in? A: Hock or tarsus 6660 (medium) HIH230-1 Q: What is the term used to indicate that a horse may have a structural problem or deviation which may have only limited effect on his ability to perform? A: Serviceably sound 6661 (medium) TH166/DET163 Q: What is the term for a non-infectious inflammation of the sensitive laminae of one or more hooves? A: Laminitis or founder 6662 (medium) TH159/FCH382/DET42 Q: What is bucked shin? A: Inflammation or enlargement on front of cannon 6663 (medium) TH161 Q: What are osselets? A: Bony growths on front of fetlock joint OR traumatic arthritis of fetlock (accept either)

7 6664 (medium) HIH455-4 Q: What is another name for gravel? A: Sub-solar abscess 6665 (medium) HIH230-3 Q: Both base wide & base narrow stances place weight unevenly on the hoof. Name 2 orthopedic conditions that tend to develop due to this uneven weight distribution? A: Ringbone & sidebone 6666 (medium) DET260 Q: Define the term "shoulder sweeney". A: Atrophy or shrinking of the shoulder muscle 6667 (medium) HS13 Q: How is the horse's head carried when he's lame in both front feet? A: Higher than usual 6668 (medium) TH163 Q: What is carpitis? A: Popped knee OR enlargement of knee joint 6669 (medium) TH167 Q: On what general part of the horse's anatomy would you find the following conditions quittor, corns, thrush, gravel? A: Feet 6670 (medium) TH163 Q: What is the term used to describe a bursitis or swelling at the point of the elbow? A: Capped elbow or shoe boil 6671 (medium) DET108 Q: What is the name for a condition in which an infection of the withers leads to an abscess? A: Fistulous withers 6672 (medium) TH164 Q: Would you classify a capped hock as a blemish or an unsoundness? A: Blemish 6673 (medium) TH225 Q: Name the 2 maneuvers that will cause stringhalt to be especially obvious. A: Backing, turning sharply 6674 (medium) TH162 Q: What is the cause of windpuffs? A: Trauma or heavy work 6675 (medium) TH163 Q: What is the main cause of shoe boil or capped elbow? A: Elbow being irritated by the shoe or hoof of front foot when lying down

8 6676 (medium) TH164 Q: What is hipdown? A: One hip lower than the other 6677 (medium) TH164 Q: What is the cause of hipdown? A: Usually caused by a direct blow that causes a fracture 6678 (medium) TH297 Q: If a horse is said to be "walking on eggs", what condition may be affecting it? A: Laminitis/founder OR navicular (only need to give one) 6679 (medium) FCH271 Q: Bucked shins affect which bone of the horse? A: Cannon 6680 (medium) HIH230-4 Q: What are bowed tendons? A: Enlarged or stretched flexor tendons (behind cannon bone) 6681 (medium) HIH455-1 Q: What percentage of unsoundness in horses occurs in the front legs? A: 70% 6682 (medium) TH165 Q: What is the puffy swelling on the upper part of the hock which is a distention of the tendon sheath of the deep digital flexor tendon? A: Thoroughpin 6683 (medium) HIH950 Q: Name 2 areas where hernias are most commonly seen. A: Umbilical & scrotal areas 6684 (medium) TH147 Q: 2 part question: What is the hardest part of the horse to keep sound & why? A: Foreleg; it's constantly subject to the most weight & concussion 6685 (medium) HS13 Q: When the lame foot of a horse touches the ground, what position will the horse's head be in? A: Jerked up 6686 (medium) TH404 Q: A spavin refers to various diseases of what joint? A: Hock 6687 (medium) TH168 Q: Name the unsoundness that's described as an inflamed swelling between the ears. A: Poll evil

9 6688 (medium) HIH230-4 Q: What is a splint? A: Abnormal bony growth on cannon or splint bone 6689 (medium) TH168 Q: What is poll evil? A: Inflamed swelling between the ears 6690 (medium) HH49 Q: What is the condition when the horse stands bent forward, due to contracted tendons? A: Cocked ankle 6691 (medium) HIH230-4 Q: Name the blemish described as abnormal bony growth on the cannon or splint bone. A: Splint 6692 (medium) TH157 Q: What general category of unsoundness makes a horse undesirable for breeding? A: Inherited ones (breeding unsoundness) 6693 (medium) HIH540-4/FCH397 Q: What procedure is used as a last resort in treating navicular disease? A: Nerving (neurectomy) 6694 (medium) TH156 Q: Why are unsoundnesses that are the result of faulty conformation serious? A: They reoccur OR may be inherited (only need to give one) 6695 (medium) CAHA27 Q: An inflammation of the small navicular bone & bursa of the hoof often characterized by lameness, a short, stubby stride & pointing of the affected foot while standing may denote what disease? A: Navicular 6696 (medium) TH160 Q: What is the difference between low & high ringbone? A: Low occurs in the coffin joint (between the coffin & short pastern); high occurs at the pastern joint (between the short pastern & long pastern) 6697 (medium) TH161 Q: Bony growths on the front of the fetlock joint - common in racehorses - are called what? A: Osselets 6698 (medium) TH163 Q: What do you call an enlargement of the knee joint? A: Carpitis OR popped knee (accept either)

10 6699 (medium) TH163 Q: Is popped knee an unsoundness or blemish? A: Can be either; if horse is lame, then unsoundness, otherwise it s a blemish 6700 (medium) TH Q: Name 2 unsoundnesses of the horse's hocks. A: Thoroughpin, bone/jack spavin, bog spavin, blind/occult spavin, capped hock, curb 6701 (medium) HIH455-4 Q: An infection that penetrates the white line & abscesses at the coronet is called what? A: Gravel OR sub-solar abscess (accept either) 6702 (medium) FCH216 Q: What is the most common reason for not finishing an endurance race? A: Lameness 6703 (medium) FCH397 Q: What is nerving? A: Cutting the posterior digital nerve as a last resort treatment for navicular disease 6704 (medium) HS13 Q: Define atrophy. A: Decrease in size or wasting away of a body part or tissue 6705 (medium) TH165 Q: What is the cause of thoroughpin? A: Strain on the flexor tendon 6706 (medium) HIH455-5 Q: During what stage of sidebone is lameness most common? A: During formative stage OR during inflammation or ossification (accept either)) 6707 (medium) HIH455-5 Q: Where would you find an osselet? A: Fetlock 6708 (medium) TH164 Q: What is gonitis? A: Inflammation of the stifle joint 6709 (medium) TH608 Q: What do you call a horse that whistles or wheezes when respiration is sped up due to exercise? A: Roarer 6710 (medium) HIH455-7 Q: What term describes conditions ranging from a simple inflammation/swelling of the tendon to a serious strain or rupture of the tendon fiber? A: Bowed tendon

11 6711 (medium) TH158 Q: Why is there less lameness & unsoundness occurring in the hind feet & legs? A: Because the hind legs support less weight & do less work 6712 (medium) TH144 Q: Why is a horse with parrot mouth genetically undesirable? A: Parrot mouth is dominant trait & can be inherited 6713 (medium) TH168 Q: What type of hernia only occurs in the male horse? A: Scrotal 6714 (medium) HIH455-2 Q: When moving, a horse with navicular disease tends to land on its toe to avoid what? A: Concussion or pain in heel area 6715 (medium) HS13 Q: When a horse is trotting & he lifts his head when his right front foot hits the ground, what leg or legs is he lame in? A: Right front and/or left rear 6716 (medium) HIH640-1 Q: The developmental phase of founder usually lasts how long? A: hours (accept any number within range) 6717 (medium) HIH540 Q: Other than radiographs or x-rays, what's the best method of diagnosing navicular disease? A: Hoof testers 6718 (medium) TH703 Q: What effect does shoulder sweeney have on a horse's performance? A: Little or none 6719 (medium) TH165 Q: Describe the unsoundness known as thoroughpin A: Puffy swelling on upper part of in front of the large tendon 6720 (medium) TH162 Q: Describe the unsoundness known as windpuffs. A: Puffy swellings of the fetlock or pastern (that occur around a joint capsule, tendon sheath, or bursa) OR distension of the deep digital flexor tendon sheath usually at the fetlock or pastern 6721 (medium) HIH230-1 Q: What is meant by the term "serviceably sound"? A: Horse may have structural problems or deviations that may have only limited effect on his ability to perform (accept any reasonable wording)

12 6722 (medium) HIH540-3 Q: Why can chronic founder be life threatening? A: Coffin bone sinks or rotates; if left untreated, it can puncture the sole & can lead to death of a horse (due to infection or pain) 6723 (medium) HIH540-4 Q: How long can treatment for acute laminitis last? A: A year; horse may not recover HARD 6724 (hard) DET108,212 Q: What is the common name for the practice of applying a hot iron or needle to a blemish or unsoundness as a treatment? A: Firing or pinfiring 6725 (hard) TH166 Q: In reference to founder, which tendon is involved in the rotation of the coffin bone? A: Deep digital flexor tendon 6726 (hard) CAHA20/TH168 Q: Name 2 unsoundnesses of the top line that involve infected or inflamed bursas. A: Poll evil & fistulous withers 6727 (hard) TH Q: What condition is being described? This condition usually occurs in the horse's front legs between the knee & fetlock. It's more common in young horses in vigorous training. It starts as soreness, but it can persist & form a swelling on the front of the cannon bone. A: Bucked shins 6728 (hard) TH160/FCH403 Q: What term is used to describe the unsoundness that is rarely found in ponies & is less common in light than in the draft breeds? It's a calcification of the lateral cartilages of the coffin bone. A: Sidebone 6729 (hard) FCH404/TH165/DET34 Q: There are 4 different types of spavin involving the horse's hock joint. Which spavin forms a soft distension of the joint due to synovial membrane inflammation? A: Bog spavin

13 6730 (hard) CAHA22 Q: 2 part question: In general terms, what is injured in the shoulder that creates the muscle atrophy seen in a sweeney & in what type of horse is this normally found? A: A nerve (suprascapular nerve); found in draft breeds or harness horses 6731 (hard) FCH404 Q: What is another name for the condition where there is fixation of the horse's patella? A: Stifled 6732 (hard) DET30 Q: What is the term for a spavin where the bone has degenerated, but there is no visible exostosis? A: Blind spavin or occult spavin 6733 (hard) INT229-2L Q: What unsoundness of the front foot is a horse predisposed to develop if it's camped out? A: Navicular OR laminitis/founder (accept either) 6734 (hard) TH163 Q: Give the more common name for olecrannon bursitis. A: Shoe boil or capped elbow 6735 (hard) CAHA20 Q: What is the common name for an infection of the cranial nuchal (NUKE-al) or supra-atlantal bursa? A: Poll evil 6736 (hard) TH157 Q: Explain the difference between working soundness & breeding soundness. A: Working soundness horse is OK to be worked, but a genetic defect may be passed on if used for breeding Breeding soundness a defect that doesn't permit the horse to be worked, but it would still be a desirable horse to breed since the defect wouldn't be passed on 6737 (hard) TH155 Q: In general, what is the most common lameness problem in Standardbred race horses? A: Inflammation of the hocks 6738 (hard) TH164 Q: Describe the unsoundness known as stifled. A: Patella locks & causes the leg to remain in the extended position OR displaced patella of stifle joint (stifle & hock are unable to flex) (accept either) 6739 (hard) TH167/DET226 Q: What is quittor? A: Inflammation of the lateral cartilages which can cause subcoronary abscesses OR wound of the heel or rear quarter of the hoof that discharges pus above the coronet (accept either wording) 6740 (hard) HIH230-4 Q: What is a bony growth found on the inside lower portion of the hock? A: Bone spavin or jack spavin

14 6741 (hard) INT229-1L Q: In a bench-kneed horse, the cannon bone is set too far to the outside of the knee joint. What defect is this most likely to cause? A: Splints 6742 (hard) TH158 Q: Of those unsoundnesses that occur in the front legs, what percentage of them will occur in the knee or below? A: 65% 6746 (hard) TH265 Q: The name commonly used to describe the inflammation & enlargement of the growth plates of the long bones in rapidly growing horses is called what? A: Epiphysitis (eh-pee-fiss-eye-tis) (also accept physitis) 6747 (hard) HIH810-3 Q: Name the unsoundness described as difficult breathing due to an obstruction in the larynx. A: Roaring 6749 (hard) HIH810-3 Q: Name the unsoundness described as difficult breathing, possibly due to lung damage. A: Heaves or COPD 6750 (hard) TH164 Q: What is another name for stifled? A: Displaced patella 6751 (hard) HIH950-9 Q: What is a hernia? A: Protrusion of internal organs through the wall of the body 6752 (hard) TH163 Q: What is a sweeney? A: Atrophy or decrease in size of a single muscle or group of muscles. It's usually found in shoulder or hip OR depression in shoulder or hip due to atrophied muscles (accept either) 6753 (hard) FCH404 Q: What is a swelling of the saphenous vein in the hock that is below the seat of a bog spavin? A: Blood spavin 6754 (hard) HS13 Q: What kind of gait does a horse have if it's lame on both front legs? A: Stiff/stilted, short stride (with head carried higher than usual) 6755 (hard) HIH640 Q: In severe cases of founder, how much time do you have to seek treatment before irreparable damage occurs? A: 24 hours

15 6756 (hard) HIH230-4/TH165/CAHA32 Q: Describe the unsoundness known as a curb. A: Hard swelling on the rear of the cannon below the point of the hock OR thickening of the plantar tarsal ligament below the point of the hock 6757 (hard) HIH230-4 Q: Describe the unsoundness known as sidebone. A: Ossification of the lateral cartilages of the coffin bone 6758 (hard) TH168/DET108 Q: 2 part question: What is fistulous withers & what causes it? A: Chronic inflammation of the (supraspinous) bursa near the withers; caused by trauma or Brucella abortus bacteria (Brucellosis) Accept either scientific name or common name of bacteria 6759 (hard) HIH810-3 Q: What is roaring? A: Whistling or wheezing when breathing OR difficulty breathing due to an obstruction in the larynx (accept either) 6760 (hard) TH165 Q: Describe the unsoundness known as a bone spavin or jack spavin. A: Arthritis of the lower joints of the hock (bony growth on the inside lower portion of the hock) 6761 (hard) FCH404 Q: What is a blood spavin? A: Swelling of a vein (saphenous) usually below the seat of a bog spavin (on the hock) Accept either general or specific 6762 (hard) HIH455-6 Q: What is a deep-seated sore that drains at the coronet & causes severe lameness? A: Quittor (also accept sub-solar abscess or gravel) 6763 (hard) TH165 Q: A soft swelling on the inner front part of the hock caused by inflammation of the synovial membrane is called what? A: Bog spavin 6764 (hard) HIH540-3 Q: Symptoms such as pointing, a short, stubby, painful stride & lameness are found in which disease? A: Navicular OR laminitis/founder (accept either) 6765 (hard) HIH950-9 Q: When an organ or tissue protrudes through the body wall, it's called what? A: Hernia 6766 (hard) HIH455-4 Q: What is gravel? A: Infection that penetrates the white line & abscesses at the coronet

16 6767 (hard) HS11 Q: What type of pastern conformation may contribute to cocked ankle or sidebone? A: Short, steep pasterns 6768 (hard) HIH230-4 Q: Name this unsoundness. It may cause lameness initially, but once fully calcified the horse generally becomes serviceably sound. This condition may cause contracted heels in a younger horse. This condition is usually caused by trauma & it involves the lateral cartilages of the coffin bone. A: Sidebone 6769 (hard) CAHA12 Q: What do you call the changing of cartilage to bone? A: Ossification (specifically endochondral ossification) 6770 (hard) CAHA12 Q: What is ossification? A: Cartilage changing to bone OR process of bone formation 6771 (hard) HIH455-5/TH167 Q: What is the most common cause of quittor? A: Trauma near the coronary band (also accept trauma to the lateral cartilages) 6772 (hard) HIH455-6/TH160 Q: Name two tissues that may be involved in a bowed tendon. A: Deep digital flexor tendon, superficial flexor tendon, & suspensory ligament 6773 (hard) HIH455-6 Q: Low ringbone is new bone growth near the coffin joint. Why would this be more serious than high ringbone? A: It often affects joint function 6774 (hard) CAHA12 Q: Sidebone is the complete ossification of the cartilages of which bone? A: Coffin bone/pedal bone/3 rd /distal phalanx 6775 (hard) CAHA14 Q: Commonly seen in hard-worked horses, what is the term for the condition that results from an excessive amount of synovial fluid in the fetlock joint capsule? A: Windpuffs 6776 (hard) FCH388/TH253 Q: What age group of horses is epiphysitis (eh-pee-fiss-eye-tis) associated with? A: Young horses 6777 (hard) HIH640-1 Q: During which phase of founder does damage to the feet occur? A: Developmental

17 6778 (hard) TH90 Q: What is the term for abnormal bone growth from the surface of a bone? A: Exostosis (bone spur) 6779 (hard) HIH640-2 Q: When does the chronic phase of founder occur? A: 48 hours after the onset of lameness OR when coffin bone rotation occurs 6780 (hard) HIH540-5 Q: A lingering lameness & irregular rings in the horse's hoof wall are signs of what type of founder? A: Chronic 6781 (hard) TH161 Q: What is sesamoiditis? A: Inflammation of the proximal sesamoid bones (additional info -- results in chronic lameness) 6782 (hard) TH165/CAHA32 Q: Inflammation & thickening of the plantar ligament is called what? A: Curb 6783 (hard) TH105 Q: The vocal chords are two muscles that project across the lower part of the larynx. Paralysis on one or both of the muscles results in a condition known as what? A: Roaring 6784 (hard) TH167 Q: Chronic inflammation & swelling of the lateral cartilage resulting in intermittent sub-coronary abscesses is called what? A: Quittor 6785 (hard) DET113 Q: Describe a founder ring. A: Visible ridges & grooves in hoof (grooves are close together at the toe & widely separated at the heels) 6786 (hard) FCH386 Q: A horse that's extremely sickle hocked is prone to what unsoundness of the hock? A: Curb 6787 (hard) TH161 Q: What is exostosis? A: Formation of new bone on the surface of a bone (bone spur) 6788 (hard) TH165 Q: What type of spavin is usually due to arthritis of the lower joints of the hock? A: Bone spavin or jack spavin 6789 (hard) TH166 Q: What is another name for a blind spavin? A: Occult spavin

18 6790 (hard) HIH540-3 Q: What is the name of the medication that improves circulation within the foot? It's often used on horses with navicular disease. A: Isoxsuprine 6791 (hard) HIH455-5 Q: 2 part question: Explain where sidebone would most likely develop due to the following conditions -- a) toe in b) toe out A: Toe in outside; toe out inside BONUS 6792 (bonus) HH49 Q: Name 3 things that can help prevent cocked ankles in a foal. A: Exercise, don't overfeed, keep heels trimmed so there's plenty of frog pressure 6793 (bonus) HIH various Q: Give 3 general causes of most unsoundness. A: Injury, stress, strain, faulty conformation 6794 (bonus) TH159 Q: 3 part question: You are running your hand down the lateral surface of your horse's foreleg. Just below the knee you feel a swelling that's firm, but non-painful. What bones are involved in this swelling, what is it called, & is it likely to cause serious lameness? A: Cannon & splint bones; called splint; not likely to cause serious lameness 6795 (bonus) CAHA27 Q: What 3 parts of the lower leg are affected in a horse with navicular disease? A: Navicular bone, navicular bursa, deep digital flexor tendon 6796 (bonus) HIH540-4 Q: What are 3 possible causes of laminitis? A: Colic, endotoxemia, grain overload, feeding changes, excessive concussion to feet, sudden weather changes, infections, poisons, drug abuse, allergies, excessive lush grass intake (accept any correct answer) 6797 (bonus) TH168 Q: Name 3 unsoundnesses that do NOT result in lameness. A: Blindness, cataracts, fistulous withers, heaves, hernia, infertility, monkey mouth/undershot jaw, parrot mouth/overshot jaw, poll evil, roaring, tipped vulva 6798 (bonus) HIH455-1 Q: Name 3 causes (not examples) of lameness. A: Injury, congenital/developmental abnormality, conformation flaws, infections, metabolic disturbances/founder/laminitis, circulatory disorder, nervous disorder, combination of these

19 6799 (bonus) TH168 Q: Name 3 classifications of unsoundnesses. A: Conformational, health-induced, congenital, acquired/injury, breeding/reproductive, working, systemic, head-related, body-related 6800 (bonus) HIH230-6,455-6 Q: Name 3 conformation faults that predispose a horse to ringbone. A: Base wide; base narrow; toe in/pigeon toe; toe out/splay foot; short, steep pasterns; long, sloping pasterns 6801 (bonus) FCH404 Q: Name 3 types of spavin. A: Blind/occult, bog, bone/jack, blood 6802 (bonus) HIH455-7 Q: What are 3 things included in the treatment for both splints & bowed tendons? A: Cold hosing/ice packs, anti-inflammatory drugs/bute, support bandages, rest 6803 (bonus) HIH455-5 Q: What are 3 predisposing factors for sidebone? A: Poor conformation (pigeon toe or splay foot), improper shoeing, repeated concussion from working on hard surfaces or carrying a lot of weight, trauma 6804 (bonus) HIH455-4/TH Q: What are 3 causes of gravel? A: Puncture of white line, bruising, trauma, dirt/bacteria getting in through cracks in white line or wall, wet footing 6805 (bonus) HIH795-2 Q: Name 3 ways of preventing laminitis due to fructan consumption (grass founder). A: Keep horses off of lush, fast-growing pastures, don t let horse graze on spring pasture when it has been sunny & then has gotten cold, turn horses out to pasture in the early morning when sugar levels are low, let horses fill up on hay before getting turned out, use grazing muzzles, don't allow on pasture at all 6806 (bonus) HIH455-7 Q: What are 3 predisposing factors for splints? A: Bench knees, trauma, training on hard ground, improper foot care 6807 (bonus) HIH455-6/TH Q: Give 3 possible causes of ringbone. A: Short steep pasterns; pigeon toe; splay foot; improper trimming/shoeing (long toes/short heels); improper conditioning; trauma; strain; working on hard, soft, or uneven ground 6808 (bonus) FCH283 Q: Name 3 major factors that predispose a growing animal to DOD (developmental orthopedic disease). A: Rapid growth, trauma to growth plate, genetic predisposition, nutritional imbalance

20 6809 (bonus) TH166 Q: Describe 3 characteristics of a foundered horse's hoof. A: Founder rings (rings are closer together at toe & further apart at heels), dropped sole (downward rotation of coffin bone), widened white line, long toe, curled toe, dished hoof, bulging sole, flattened sole 6810 (bonus) TH162 Q: Name 3 signs of navicular disease. A: Shortened stride, going up on toes (to keep weight off heels), pointing, lameness 6811 (bonus) HIH 540-3/TH Q: Name 3 treatments for a horse with navicular disease. A: Rest/restricted activity, trim/shoe to keep the toes short & the heels elevated, bar/egg bar shoe to support the rear of the hoof (do not accept heart bar shoe), rocker toe shoe, improve circulation/use vasodilator medication (Isoxsuprine), use anti-inflammatory medications (Bute), nerving 6812 (bonus) TH Q: Identify the bone or joint where the following blemishes or unsoundnesses would occur: sidebone, osselets, high ringbone, low ringbone A: Sidebone lateral cartilages of the coffin bone Osselets joint capsule OR bone at front of fetlock High ringbone long pastern just above pastern joint OR at pastern joint Low ringbone short pastern just above coronary band OR at coffin joint 6813 (bonus) HS13/HIH455/TH Q: Name 3 unsoundnesses of the head. A: Cataract, defective eye, poll evil, parrot mouth, monkey mouth 6814 (bonus) HIH540-5/TH Q: Name 3 ways to avoid having a horse with navicular disease. A: Select horse with larger feet, select horse with appropriate shoulder & pastern angles, select horse that is not built downhill, trim/shoe to keep toes short & heels elevated, gradually condition horse for preferred work, work with caution on hard surfaces 6815 (bonus) HIH455/TH Q: Name 3 unsoundnesses of the hind leg. A: Hipdown, stifled, stringhalt, curb, thoroughpin, bog spavin, bone or jack spavin, blind or occult spavin 6816 (bonus) HIH230-4,455 Q: Name 3 unsoundnesses of the front legs. A: Buck knees, calf knees, splint, windpuff, bowed tendon, sidebone, bucked shin, ringbone, osselets, sesamoiditis, popped knee, navicular 6817 (bonus) HIH540-4 Q: Name 3 symptoms of laminitis or founder. A: Lameness (usually in front feet); warm feet, feet sensitive to touch; stiffness; settling back on hind legs to get weight off front feet (sitting dog stance); pain on standing; pounding pulse at back of pasterns

21 6818 (bonus) HIH640-1 Q: Name 3 of the phases of founder. A: Developmental, acute, sub-acute, chronic 6819 (bonus) HIH640-2 Q: Give 3 signs of the acute phase of founder. A: Pounding pulse, warm feet & camped in front/sitting dog stance or abnormal gait 6820 (bonus) TH160/HIH455-7 Q: Name 3 things that predispose a horse to bowed tendons. A: Calf knee, long pastern, long toe & low heels, improper shoeing, tied in at knee, legs too fine for horse's size repeated, excessive or fast work on hard surfaces, repeated, excessive work on soft, boggy footing, genetic