Emerald Ash Borer Biocontrol: Release, Recovery, and Impact. Ben Slager Supervisory Entomologist EAB Biocontrol Facility USDA-APHIS-PPQ

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1 Emerald Ash Borer Biocontrol: Release, Recovery, and Impact Ben Slager Supervisory Entomologist EAB Biocontrol Facility 1

2 Objectives I. Brief history of Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) II. Rearing and Release of EAB Parasitoids III. Releases to Date IV. Recovery & Establishment of EAB Parasitoids V. Parasitoid Impact Michigan Case Study 2

3 EAB Invasion 3

4 Biocontrol Agents A A A C B B C J. Duan Bauer et al

5 Constant Source of EAB Eggs Leah Bauer

6 Rearing Oobius agrili EAB Eggs Adult Emergence Post-Diapause Generation Exposure J. Duan D. Miller Long Day Conditions Oobinator Oobinator Non-Post-Diapause Generation Adult Emergence Oobius Adults EAB Eggs Parasitized EAB Eggs Cold Storage Short Day Conditions Exposure EAB Eggs D. Bopp 6

7 Rearing EAB larvae for larval parasitoids 7

8 Rearing Larval Parasitoids Adults Shipped EAB Bolts H. Liu Z-q Yang Emergence Exposures Adults Shipped J. Lelito J. Duan Cold Storage Ship Bolts Adults Parasitized Bolts EAB Bolts Z-q Yang 8

9 Number of Parasitoids Released Number of Parasitoids Released How many parasitoids have been released? Total Parasitoids Released by Year Parasitoid Species Released by Year Oobius agrili Tetrastichus planipennisi Spathius agrili Spathius galinae Year Year 9

10 Number of States Releasing Parasitoids Where have parasitoid releases occurred? Number of States Releasing Parasitoids by Year * * * * Year *Canada Washington D.C. 10

11 Number of Parasitoids Released Number of Release Sites and Cooperators Releasing Parasitoids Where have parasitoid releases occurred? Total Number of Parasitoids Released and Cooperators Releasing by Year # Parasitoids Released # Release Sites # Cooperators Cooperating with Non-traditional Partners Shipping permits Year

12 Spathius agrili recoveries Recovery Spats Number of States 4 Number of Counties 14

13 Oobius agrili recoveries Recovery Oobs Number of States 8 Number of Counties 25 Jian Duan - ARS

14 Tetrastichus planipennisi recoveries Recovery Tets Number of States 11 Number of Counties 35 Jian Duan - ARS

15 Parasitoid establishment Spring 2014 Sites w/ 2+ years Spats Oobs Tets Number of States Number of sites sampled Established (2 + years) % sites with confirmed establishment 5% 53% 63% Data provided by Juli Gould USDA APHIS

16 A Case Study for EAB Biocontrol in Michigan ( ): Impact Evaluation Pictures provided by Jian Duan USDA ARS Duan, Bauer, Abell, Ulyshen, Van Driesche J. Appl. Ecol. 52:

17 Egg parasitism (%) Recovery, establishment, & dispersal of Oobius agrili Control Plot - Visual Egg Search Release Plot - Visual Egg Search Control Plot - Bark Sieving Release Plot - Bark Sieving Sample Year *Releases occurred from 2007 to Pictures provided by Jian Duan USDA ARS, Figure provided by Leah Bauer USDA FS Abell, Bauer, Duan, Van Driesche Biol. Cont. 79: 36-42

18 % larval parasitism by T. planipennisi Recovery, establishment, & dispersal of Tetrastichus planipennisi Release plots Control plots Sample Year *Releases occurred from 2007 to Pictures provided by Jian Duan USDA ARS, Figure provided by Leah Bauer USDA FS Duan, Bauer, Abell, Ulyshen, Van Driesche J. Appl. Ecol. 52:

19 Similar Case Study Results from Maryland Jennings, Duan, Bean, Gould, Rice, Shrewsbury Biol. Control 101:

20 Impact: mechanism for EAB decline? Mean + SE (m -2 Phloem) EAB Number Density of Live Adjusted EAB for Larvae Available Resource Control Release Year of Sampling Pictures provided by Jian Duan USDA ARS Duan, Bauer, Abell, Ulyshen, Van Driesche J. Appl. Ecol. 52:

21 Impact: Native and introduced parasitoids are important Atanycolus spp. Jian Duan - ARS Tetrastichus planipennisi Duan, Bauer, Abell, Ulyshen, Van Driesche J. Appl. Ecol. 52:

22 Take home. Mass rearing EAB parasitoids has been successful Oobius and Tetrastichus appear to be establishing and impacting EAB Looking to increase release footprint with non-traditional partners 22

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