Artificial sweeteners as tracers of septic wastewater in the environment. Collaborators

Transcription

1 Artificial sweeteners as tracers of septic wastewater in the environment Dr. John Spoelstra Research Scientist, ECCC Adjunct Assistant Prof., UW Alberta Onsite Wastewater Management Association February 2018 Red Deer, Alberta Collaborators Natalie Senger University of Waterloo Sherry Schiff University of Waterloo Will Robertson University of Waterloo Sue Brown Environment and Climate Change Canada Page 2 February 9,

2 Main Point: Artificial sweeteners are a new and powerful tracer of wastewater in the environment Detection and Quantification Page 3 February 9, 2018 What Are Artificial Sweeteners? A non-caloric substitute for sugar Page 4 February 9,

3 Page 5 February 9, 2018 Blank title Cyclamate Aspartame Saccharin Aspartame Sucralose Cyclamate Page 6 February 9,

4 Blank title Page 7 February 9, 2018 Blank title Page 8 February 9,

5 The Most Common Sugar Equivalence Approved In Canada Acesulfame Cyclamate * Saccharin * Sucralose Aspartame Page 9 February 9, 2018 * Or earlier An Ideal Tracer High concentration Conservative Source specific Mobile Low detection limits Small samples Minimal sample prep Page 10 February 9,

6 IC-MS/MS Page 11 February 9, 2018 Page 12 February 9,

7 Analysis Analyzed by IC/MS/MS Dionex 2500 ion chromatography system coupled to a QTRAP 5500 triple-quadrupole mass-spectrometer operated in negative electrospray ionization (ESI) mode. Detection limits (µg/l) Acesulfame Saccharin Cyclamate Sucralose Page 13 February 9, Page 14 February 9,

8 Kitchener-wastewater-treatment-plant Page 15 February 9, 2018 Page 16 February 9, 2018 Grand River Watershed 23 sampling sites 30 wastewater treatment plants 800,000 people on sewers 960,000 people in basin Spoelstra et al.,

9 Grand River Acesulfame Load Can of pop = 100 mg/l acesulfame 81,850 to 188,650 cans of pop worth of acesulfame goes past site 20 each day. Page 17 February 9, 2018 Grand River Sucralose Load Equivalent to: 0.6mill to 1.25mill packets of Splenda flowing past site 20 each day. Page 18 February 9,

10 Page 19 February 9, 2018 Municipal Tap Water Concentration (µg/l) n Acesulfame Saccharin Cyclamate Brantford Cambridge 9 <mdl (4), <pql (3), <mdl (7), <pql (2) <mdl (6), 0.24 <mdl (8), 0.01 Kitchener <pql (3), 0.07 <mdl (4) Waterloo <mdl (2), <pql (6), <mdl (8) Page 20 February 9, 2018 Spoelstra et al.,

11 Septic Systems Page 21 February 9, 2018 Robertson, W.D., D.R. Van Stempvoort, J. Spoelstra, S.J. Brown, and S.L. Schiff. (2016) Degradation of sucralose in groundwater and implications for age dating contaminated groundwater. Water Research 88: doi: /j.watres Robertson, W.D., D.R. Van Stempvoort, J.W. Roy, S.J. Brown, J. Spoelstra, S.L. Schiff, D.R. Rudolph, S. Danielescu, and G. Graham. (2016) Use of an artificial sweetener to identify sources of groundwater nitrate contamination. Groundwater, 54: doi: /gwat Robertson, W.D., D.R. Van Stempvoort, J. Homewood, S.J. Brown, J. Spoelstra, S.L. Schiff and K. Solomon. (2013) Persistence of artificial sweeteners in a 15-year-old septic system plume. Journal of Hydrology 477: Van Stempvoort, D.R., W.D. Robertson, S. Brown. (2011) Artificial sweeteners in a large septic plume. Ground Water Monit. R. 31 (4), Page 22 February 9,

12 Page 23 February 9, 2018 Long Point Septic Site Page 24 February 9,

13 Page 25 February 9, 2018 Page 26 February 9,

14 37(3) / Summer 2017 / Dave s paper info here Page 27 February 9, 2018 Page 28 February 9,

15 Spoelstra et al., 2017 Page 29 February 9, 2018 Seeps Domestic Wells No sweeteners Sweeteners Page 30 February 9,

16 Groundwater Seeps Spoelstra et al., 2017 Page 31 February 9, 2018 Domestic Wells Spoelstra et al., 2017 Page 32 February 9,

17 Page 33 February 9, 2018 Schaider et al., 2016 Page 34 February 9,

18 Septic Nutrients Spoelstra et al., 2017 Page 35 February 9, 2018 Seeps Domestic Wells Spoelstra et al., 2017 Page 36 February 9,

19 Applications (e.g.) Detect leaky sewer systems Delineate septic system plumes Detect and quantify effluents Contaminant source identification Fate of wastewater constituents Page 37 February 9, 2018 Coming Soon Page 38 February 9,