MAP SOP Report on measurements. AEROLOGICAL STATION OF PAYERNE D. Ruffieux and H. Berger 16 February 2000

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1 MAP SOP Report on measurements AEROLOGICAL STATION OF PAYERNE D. Ruffieux and H. Berger 16 February 0 The Aerological Station of Payerne (SMI) installed systems in three main locations at the eastern part of Switzerland and Constant Volume Balloons (CVB) were launched at various sites on both sides of the Alps. The figure below shows these main locations. 10 Legend of the map. - Red dots : main cities - Green lines : boundaries - Purple dots : MAP-SAP measurement sites : 1 : CVB launching and tracking site 2 : Hoher Kasten CVB tracking site + cameras site 3 : St. Lutzisteig Sodar site 4 : CVB launching and tracking site 5 : CVB launching and tracking site 6 : Bivio CVB launching and tracking site 7 : La Vedutta (Julier Pass) WP + sodar + sounding + surf. site 8 : Monte Lema CVB tracking site 9 : CVB launching and tracking site 10 : Payerne Sounding site 1

2 1 JULIER PASS : MAP-WP 1.1. Location La Vedutta, 2233 m asl, N, 9.72 E is a site located next to the main road, about 1 km away from the top of the Julier pass (direction Bivio). The main valley at La Vedutta is oriented roughly East-West and a few secondary tributaries join the main valley (see black dot on Figure below). Geographical coordinates (km) La Vedutta BIVIO Elevation (m asl) Geographical coordinates (km) 1.2 Wind profiler at La Vedutta The wind profiler was installed end of June 1999 and was operational on It was producing 30 min. consensus profiles in two modes : - the low mode from 2450 m asl to 3230 m asl, gate resolution of 45 meters, - the high mode from 2570 m asl to 7000 m asl, gate resolution of meters. Occasionally, the system was switched to a special mode for birds detection purpose. During these periods, no wind data are available. The figure below gives the total wind availability over the entire period. 2

3 Availability of data in function of height can be found Red in = the Valid figure Data below. Green = Suspect Data Blue = No Data High mode Altitute ( m ASL) See table below 0 Low mode Availability (%) The times were the wind profiler was not operating (in wind mode) during the SOP can be found in the table below. STARTING DATE STARTING TIME ENDING TIME COMMENT :29 09:13 Bird mode Backup 20:48 22:14 Bird mode :21 06:32 Backup :30 10:44 Backup :16 23:14 Bird mode :07 23:07 Bird mode :27 11:11 PC problem :03 14:18 Antenna cleaning 15: Antenna cleaning :25 00:45 Bird mode :05 01:53 Bird mode :29 23:31 Bird mode :23 01:36 Bird mode 3

4 :51 23:48 Bird mode :20 23:55 Bird mode :39 22:40 Bird mode :35 22:39 Bird mode : PC problems :05 09:00 Time problems 12:03 12:32 Snow removal :03 08:26 Snow removal Stop system 1.3 SODAR at La Vedutta The Remtech PA1 sodar recorded 30 min averaged profiles data from to Data availability as well as mean wind speed can be found in the Figure below. Note that winds speed below m agl is known to be overestimated by this type of sodar. 600 Wind speed (ms -1 ) Solid line = valid data Dashed line = mean wind speed Altitude Altitute ( (m m AGL) agl) Availability (%) Availability (%) 4

5 1.4 PTU soundings at La Vedutta A VIZ sounding system (made available by the ETHZ-LAPETH) was used to perform pressure, temperature, and relative humidity profiles during the IOPs. The table below describes times and characteristics of the soundings launched at La Vedutta. DATE STARTING TIME (UTC) ESTIMATED MAX. HEIGHT (m asl) MIN PRESSURE (hpa) : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

6 :00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 06:00 12: Surface measurements at La Vedutta A weather station located at 2 m agl with a Rotronic temperature and relative humidity sensor and a Young anemometer located on a 10 m agl mast recorded 1minute values during the SOP. The temperature and relative humidity recorded 1minute data from at 11:15 until at 11:30. The young recorded 1-minute wind speed and direction as well as standard deviation (1 second sampling). In the beginning of the SOP, the temperature and relative humidity sampling rate was turned to 10-minutes between IOPs. The time series of wind speed, wind direction, temperature and relative humidity can be found in the figures below. -2 Wind Speed (ms ) Julian day

7 Wind Direction (degrees) Julian day Julian day Julian day Temperature (C) Relative Humidity (%)

8 1.6 SONIC measurements at La Vedutta A Campbell CSAT sonic anemometer was installed on the 10 m mast at 4.5 m agl. It recorded 1 minute data at a 10 Hz sampling rate from at 17:45 to at 23: SODAR at St. Lutzisteig 2. ST. LUTZISTEIG : MAP-SODAR The Sensitron sodar was installed in Sankt Lutzisteig (550 m asl, N, 9.51 E) and started recording the 18 August Due to a PC problem, the system did not measure between and For this reason data availability and mean wind speed are presented for the two periods : from to and from to Wind speed (ms -1 ) Solid line = valid data Dashed line = mean wind speed First period ( ) Second period ( ) Altitude Altitute ( (m m AGL) agl) Availability (%) Availability (%) 8

9 3. SAP-RADIOSOUNDINGS : MAP-RASO For the duration of the MAP-SOP, four daily soundings were launched at the Aerological Station of Payerne (491 m asl, N and 6.94 E). The Meteolabor SRS400 sondes measured temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and wind direction from ground to about 30 km asl. The launching times were one hour before 12:00 UTC, 18:00 UTC, 00:00 UTC, and 06:00 UTC. 4. CAMERAS : MAP-CAM Three S-VHS cameras and «Time Lapse» recorders were installed on the Hoher Kasten 1794 m asl, N, 9.49 E, the They were dismounted the North-east oriented camera : looks at the mouth of the Rhein Valley toward the Lake of Constance. No problems were mentioned during the entire campaign (% availability) - South-east oriented camera : looks at the mouth of the l Ill/Montafon valley connecting with the Rhein valley. No major problems were reported. The days from at 12:16 to at 05:00 were lost due to a technical problem. - South oriented camera : looks at the region between Hoher Kasten and Bivio, including the «elbow» of Sargans. No problems were mentioned during the entire campaign (% availability). The cameras recorded 1 image every 6 seconds and their angles of view are shown in the figure below. One S-VHS camera and «Time Lapse» recorder, was made available to the EPFZ (LAPETH). It was installed on the northern side of the Lake of Constance and looked south-east toward the mouth of the Rhein valley into the lake of Constance. 9

NE SE S 5. SURFACE STATIONS : MAP-NET - Special measurements with a Thygan of dew point and temperature (10-min resolution) at ENET stations of Valbella and Quinten (systems provided by SMI/TM).

10 NE SE S 5. SURFACE STATIONS : MAP-NET - Special measurements with a Thygan of dew point and temperature (10-min resolution) at ENET stations of Valbella and Quinten (systems provided by SMI/TM). - Special measurements of 10-min pressure at ASTA station of Vaduz and at ENET stations of Quinten and Altenrhein (systems provided by SMI/TM, recording under the responsibility of LAPETH). - Special measurements of 10-min temperature and relative humidity with «Hotdog» loggers, at military radio-sounding stations and at conventional station of Bad-Ragaz (systems provided by SMI/TM, recording under the responsibility of the swiss army). 6. CONSTANT VOLUME BALLOONS : MAP-CVB This project is the result of a collaboration between the Aerological Laboratory of the University of Toulouse, the CNES, and the SMI. Constant volume balloons were launched from various sites on both sides of the Alps. The table below gives general information on each trajectory performed during the SOP. 10

11 IOP Nb. Date Synoptic Flow direction CVB reference Launching site Flight Time (UTC) Flight duration Flight Level (m) Trajec. Length (km) Objectives 13/09/99 South flow SMI1 12:39-20:10 07h30m /09/99 South flow SMI2 08:10-18:50 10h30m /09/99 West flow SMI3 14:55-17:10 02h15m /09/99 South Foehn CNES1 08:48-15:00 06h12m 5000 CNES2 11:13-19:10 07h57m /09/99 West flow Fluxes in the Po Plain 4 29/09/99 West flow SMI5 CNES3 4 30/09/99 South west flow CNES4 CNES5 4 01/10/99 West flow CNES6 SMI6 5 02/10/99 South Fohen CNES7 CNES8 CNES9 SMI7 SMI8 SMI9 SMI4 13:55-16:39 02h44m Boundary layer sounding NC Bivio Bivio Bivio 12:33-14:38 16:55-22:32 04:56-09:21 12:33-14:33 08:21-12:21 11:27-13:34 08:09-11:15 09:30-11:50 14:20-20:00 09:20-12:25 12:30-16:10 14:34-17:15 02h05m 05h40m 04h30m 02h00m 04h00m 02h07m 03h06m 02h20m 05h40m 03h05m 03h40m 02h41m /10/99 North Flow SMI10 10:26-14:26 04h00m NLB (0m maxi) 5 06/10/99 North flow CNES10 06:55-14:40 07h45m 3500 CNES11 08:25-13:05 04h40m 4500 CNES12 11:49-15:49 04h00m 3500 CNES13 13:30-18:10 04h40m /10/99 East flow SMI11 15: h30m NLB ( m maxi) Alps South side trajectory NC Alps North side trajectory NC Valley trajectory OV W Valley trajectory OV W Valley trajectory OV W Boundary layer structure Transalpine trajectory C Transalpine trajectory C Transalpine trajectory C? Transalpine trajectory C? 23 Boundary layer structure 12/10/99 West flow SMI12 10:30-16:30 06h00m 1600 m maxi 15 Boundary layer structure 11

12 7 19/10/99 West flow SMI13 SMI14 09:11-14:11 12:30-13:30 05h00m 01h00m Alps South side trajectory NC Alps North side trajectory NC 8 20/10/99 South flow CNES14 CNES15 CNES16 SMI15 06:49-18:15 08:48-15:45 10:48-14:00 10:41-12:41 11h26m 06h57m 03h12m 02h00m Transalpine trajectory C Transalpine trajectory C Valley trajectory ZV 8 21/10/99 South flow SMI16 SMI17 SMI18 SMI19 09:24-09:44 10:41-11:20 14:58-18:48 16:14-17:04 00h20m 00h39m 03h50m 00h50m Valley trajectory ZV Valley trajectory ZV Valley trajectory ZV 9 22/10/99 South flow SMI20 SMI21 SMI22 SMI23 CNES17 CNES18 08:42-12:42 08:12-12:02 09:34-10:34 12:57-22:57 12:48-20:00 17:45-22:00 04h00m 03h50m 01h00m 09h00m 09h12m 06h15m 0m maxi Valley traj. ZV, SW flow Valley trajectory ZV 9 23/10/99 South flow CNES19 16:59-22:00 05h00m 0 m maxi /10/99 South flow SMI24 SMI25 SMI26 SMI27 SMI28 CNES /10/99 West flow Fluxes into Po plain CNES21 SMI29 06:23-09:43 07:50-10:03 10:16-14:06 13:22-16:22 14:47-17:57 06:50-12:20 09:25-12:25 12:44-15:02 03h10m 02h13m 03h50m 03h00m 03h10m 05h30m 03h00m 02h18m NLB 400m maxi Boundary layer structure Boundary layer structure 12 29/10/99 West flow CNES22 16:36-00:36 08h00m Boundary layer structure 12 30/10/99 South flow CNES23 CNES24 CNES25 CNES26 04:41-10:10 06:17-11:30 08:11-12:55 09:38-13:15 05h29m 05h13m 04h44m 03h37m /11/99 South flow CNES27 17:15-20:45 03h30m /11/99 South Flow CNES28 CNES29 CNES30 SMI30 07:34-12:20 10:44-16:50 15:11-18:00 04h46m 06h10m 02h49m 03h11m

13 SMI31 SMI32 07:49-11:00 10:50-11:42 12:37-20:50 00h52m 07h28m Valley trajectory ZV 15 05/11/99 South flow CNES31 CNES32 CNES33 CNES34 SMI33 SMI34 SMI35 SMI36 10:16-15:33 13:18-17:18 15:52-18:39 19:09-22:42 10:06-12:47 12:21-14:21 15:07-18:52 17:16-19:50 03h16m 04h00m 02h50m 03h33m 02h41m 02h00m 03h30m 02h30m /11/99 North flow SMI37 17:25-24:00 06h35m /11/99 North flow SMI38 SMI39 CNES35 CNES36 CNES37 CNES38 CNES39 CNES40 11:55-15:20 14:22-16:34 07:51-13:20 09:14-12:00 11:07-16:02 14:21-16:11 15:22-18:30 16:17-18:39 03h30m 02h14m 05h29m 02h46m 05h00m 02h00m 03h10m 02h22m PV bannners Po plain 15 09/11/99 North flow SMI40 13:08-16:38 03h30m PV bannners Po plain 16 11/11/99 South flow SMI41 15:58-10:00 18h00m /11/99 South flow CNES41 CNES42 SMI42 07:51-13:38 11:28-16:00 15:44-05h40m 05h00m Transalpine trajectory C NW Symbols used in the table: NBL: no lift balloon, C: crossing the Alps; NC not crossing the Alps, W: waves; NW: no waves; RV: Rhine valley; ZV Wallensee: OV: other valley 13

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